Indonesi
an
Journa
l
of El
ect
ri
cal Engineer
ing
an
d
Comp
ut
er
Scie
nce
Vo
l.
12
,
No.
3
,
Decem
ber
201
8
, p
p.
1
407
~
1
412
IS
S
N: 25
02
-
4752, DO
I: 10
.11
591/ijeecs
.v1
2
.i
3
.pp
1
4
07
-
1
412
1407
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core.c
om/j
ourn
als/i
ndex.
ph
p/ij
eecs
Analysis
and Investi
gation
of
a
Novel
Mic
rowav
e Senso
r with
High Q
-
Factor f
or Oil S
en
sing
Amm
ar Alheg
az
i
1
, Z
ah
ri
ladha
Z
akaria
2
,
Noor Az
w
an
Sha
ir
i
3
, T
ole S
ut
ikn
o
4
, R
am
mah
A. Al
ah
n
omi
5
,
Ah
med
Ism
ail Ab
u
-
K
hadra
h
6
1,2,3,5
Microwa
ve Resea
rch
Group
(MRG
),
Cent
r
e
f
or
Tele
comm
unic
ation
Rese
arc
h
&
Innova
ti
on
(CeT
RI),
Fakult
i
K
ej
urut
e
raa
n
Elektroni
k
dan
Kejur
u
te
r
aan Kom
pute
r
(FK
EKK),
Univer
si
t
i
T
ekni
ka
l
Ma
lay
sia
Mel
aka (UT
eM),
Hang
Tua
h
Ja
y
a
,
761
00,
Duria
n
Tungga
l
,
Me
la
k
a,
Ma
lay
si
a
4
Depa
rtment of
El
e
ct
ri
ca
l
Eng
in
ee
ring
,
Univ
ersitas Ahm
ad
Dahlan,
Yog
y
ak
art
a
,
I
ndonesia
6
Com
pute
r
Enginee
ring
Depa
r
tment, Fac
u
lty
of
E
ngine
er
ing, AMA
Inte
rna
t
ion
al
Univer
sit
y
B
ahr
ai
n,
8041,
Salmabad, King
dom
of
Bahrain
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
O
ct
1
, 2
01
8
Re
vised
N
ov
2
4
, 2
01
8
Accepte
d
N
ov
3
0
, 201
8
In
thi
s
pape
r,
a
novel
m
ic
rowav
e
sensor
with
high
Q
-
fac
tor
for
oil
sensing
is
ana
l
y
z
ed
and
in
vesti
gated.
Th
e
new
design
is
b
ase
d
on
a
gap
wave
guid
e
ca
vi
t
y
resona
tor
(GW
CR).
To
c
har
acte
ri
ze
and
eva
lu
at
e
the
sa
m
ple
,
th
e
oi
l
under
te
st
ed
(O
UT)
is
inj
e
cted
i
nt
o
a
T
efl
on
tub
e,
whi
ch
is
passi
ng
through
the
m
ic
roflu
idi
c
cha
nne
l
that
is
l
oca
t
ed
in
th
e
m
iddl
e
of
the
ca
vi
t
y
where
the
el
e
ct
ri
c
f
ie
ld
co
nce
ntr
at
es
.
Th
e
result
s
show
that
th
e
proposed
sensor
has
a
high
Q
-
factor
of
4832.
Moreove
r
,
the
proposed
de
sign
has
t
he
abili
t
y
to
sens
e
and
de
te
c
t
d
iffe
r
ent
t
y
pes
of
o
il
s
with
a
sm
al
l
v
ariati
on
of
per
m
itti
vit
ie
s
su
ch
as
Fis
h
oil
,
Coconut
oil,
Oli
ve
oil
,
L
insee
d
oil
and
Castor
oil
.
The
per
m
it
ti
vi
t
y
equ
at
ion
is
ext
r
ac
t
e
d
using
the
po
l
y
nom
ia
l
fitting
m
et
hod
to
def
ine
unkno
wn
die
l
ectric
prope
rti
es
of
the
OU
T.
The
r
esult
s
s
how
tha
t
the
eva
lu
at
ed
p
ermit
ti
vity
using
th
e
proposed
sensor
has
a
good
agr
e
ement
with
the
id
ea
l
per
m
itt
ivi
t
y
.
Th
ere
for
e,
the
proposed
se
nsor
is
a
good
c
andi
da
te
for
oil
pro
ce
ss
ing
in
food
industr
ie
s.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Diel
ect
ric Pro
pe
rtie
s
Gap
W
a
ve
gu
i
de
Liqu
i
d Dete
ct
ion
Mi
cro
wa
ve Se
ns
or
Oil Sen
sin
g
Copyright
©
201
8
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Zahr
il
ad
ha
Zaka
ria,
Fakult
i Keju
ru
t
eraan
Ele
ktr
onik
dan K
e
jur
ute
raan K
om
pu
te
r
(
F
KE
KK),
Un
i
ver
sit
i T
e
knikal M
al
ay
sia
Mel
aka (UTe
M),
Hang T
ua
h
Jay
a, 76
100, D
uri
an
T
unggal
, M
el
aka,
Ma
la
ysi
a.
Em
a
il
:
zahr
il
adh
a@
utem
.ed
u.m
y
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Ma
te
rial
sensing
is
ve
ry
i
m
po
rta
nt
for
indu
strie
s
to
con
tr
ol
the
qu
al
it
y
and
safety
of
the
pro
du
ct
s.
In
foo
d
pro
duct
s,
the
co
ncen
t
rati
on
of
s
om
e
ing
re
dients
m
ay
influ
e
nce
the
c
on
s
um
ers
an
d
cause
s
om
e
diseases
su
c
h
as
al
le
rg
i
c,
poiso
n
an
d
so
m
et
i
m
es
i
t
m
ay
c
ause
can
cer.
T
her
e
fore,
it
is
i
m
po
rtant
to
char
act
eri
ze
the
m
at
erial
s
and
identify
the
in
gr
e
dients
be
fore
sel
li
ng
the
pro
du
ct
t
o
t
he
co
nsum
ers.
E
ach
m
at
erial
has
a
sp
eci
fic
el
ect
ric
beh
a
viou
r
de
pends
on
t
he
di
el
ect
ric
pr
ope
rtie
s,
thu
s
m
ater
ia
l
prop
e
rtie
s
m
easur
em
ent
play
s
an
im
po
rtant
r
ole
in
inc
reasi
ng
t
he
dem
and
nu
m
ber
of
in
dustria
l
ap
plica
ti
on
s
s
uc
h
as
qual
it
y
con
tr
ol
in
f
ood
industries a
nd
bio
-
sen
sin
g
[1
-
2]
.
In
the
rece
nt
ye
ars,
m
any
m
et
ho
ds
of
m
i
crowa
ve
sens
or
ha
ve
bee
n
use
d
f
or
m
at
eri
al
pr
operti
es
m
easur
em
ent
[3
-
4]
.
Diff
e
ren
t
m
ic
ro
wa
ve
se
nsors
ha
ve
bee
n
us
e
d
in
dif
fer
e
nt
ap
plica
ti
on
s
su
c
h
as
plana
r
sp
li
t
rin
g
res
on
at
or
for
li
qu
id
[5]
and
s
olid
[6
–
8]
detect
ion
.
V
erti
cal
ly
sta
ke
d
rin
g
res
onat
or
ha
s
bee
n
use
d
f
or
Petrole
um
Oils
sensi
ng
[9
-
10]
.
A
nother
m
et
h
od
by
us
in
g
a
s
ub
st
rate
integ
r
at
ed
wa
ve
gu
i
de
for
li
quid
[
11]
an
d
hu
m
idit
y
[12]
detect
ion.
T
hes
e
sens
or
s
at
tra
ct
researc
h
inte
rest
due
to
thei
r
ad
va
ntages
s
uch
as
sim
plicity
and
low
co
st.
H
owever,
these
te
chn
i
qu
e
s
showe
d
low
Q
-
facto
r
s,
wh
ic
h
m
ay
increase
the
er
ror
pe
rcen
ta
ge
s
an
d
le
ads
to
inacc
urat
e cha
racteri
z
at
ion
of the m
at
erial
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
12
, N
o.
3
,
Dece
m
ber
2
01
8
:
1
4
0
7
–
1
412
1408
Mi
cro
wa
ve
se
ns
ors
de
pe
nd
on
the
f
re
qu
e
nc
y
and
qual
it
y
factor
of
the
r
eso
nator.
The
r
efore,
in
this
work
the
ga
p
wav
e
guide
is
c
ho
s
en
due
t
o
it
s
high
co
nce
ntrati
on
of
the
el
ect
ric
fiel
d,
w
hi
ch
pr
ov
i
des
hig
h
Q
-
factor.
Gap
w
aveguide
(
G
W
)
te
ch
nique
ha
s
gai
ned
resea
rch
interest
w
her
e
it
has
be
en
us
e
d
f
or
a
nten
na
desig
n
[13]
a
nd
filt
er d
esi
gn
[
14
]
.
How
e
ve
r,
for
the
f
ir
st t
i
m
e, GW is
u
se
d for m
at
er
ia
l sensin
g
i
n
this a
r
ti
cl
e.
In
t
his
pa
per,
a
novel
m
ic
ro
wa
ve
se
nsor
with
high
Q
-
factor
f
or
oil
sensing
is
pr
e
sented
.
T
he
pro
po
se
d
se
nsor
is
desi
gn
e
d
base
d
on
ga
p
wav
e
guide
ca
vi
ty
reso
nat
or
(
G
W
CR
).
T
he
new
ge
om
et
ry
pro
vid
e
s
a
high
el
ect
ric
fiel
d
in
t
he
ca
v
it
y
reg
io
n,
w
hich
le
a
ds
to
pro
vid
i
ng
high
Q
-
facto
r
an
d
hi
gh
se
ns
it
ivit
y.
This
te
chn
iq
ue
is
ba
sed
on
pe
rturb
at
ion
theo
ry,
w
her
e
the
oil
under
te
st
(OUT)
is
placed
in
the
m
axi
m
u
m
electric
fiel
d
re
gion
usi
ng
a
Tefl
on
tub
e
.
T
he
OUT
com
plex
pe
r
m
itti
vity
is
iden
ti
fied
us
in
g
t
he
po
ly
nom
ia
l
fitt
ing
m
et
ho
d.
Re
s
ults
fr
om
this
st
ud
y
sho
w
that
the
evaluated
per
m
it
t
ivit
y
us
ing
the
pro
pos
ed
sens
or
has
a
good
agr
eem
ent w
it
h
the
ideal
perm
itti
vity
.
2.
SENSO
R DE
SIGN
The
Q
-
facto
r
i
s
sig
nificant
f
or
m
ic
ro
wav
e
sens
or
s
.
It
s
hows
how
m
uch
the
sens
or
is
sensiti
ve
an
d
accurate.
It
qu
antifi
es
the
am
ount
of
el
ect
ri
c
fiel
d
c
on
ce
nt
rati
on
a
nd
the
dissipated
ene
r
gy
in
the
sens
or.
T
he
loade
d Q
-
facto
r
(
QL
)
ca
n be c
al
culat
ed by us
ing
[
15
]
:
1
1
1
L
U
E
Q
Q
Q
(1)
Wh
e
re
Q
U
a
nd
QE
are
the
un
loade
d
an
d
e
xtern
al
qual
it
y
factor
s
re
sp
ect
iv
el
y.
Qu
is
relat
ed
to
the
l
os
s
of
th
e
sens
or
it
sel
f
, a
nd QE i
s
relat
ed
to
the l
os
s ca
us
e
d by the
O
UT wh
ic
h
is ca
lc
ulate
d by us
i
ng
[
16]
:
21
[
/
2
0
]
1
0
S
d
B
EL
QQ
(2)
Ther
e
f
or
e,
the
un
l
oad
e
d Q
-
fa
ct
or
ca
n be cal
culat
ed usin
g
[
17
]
:
1
2
1
L
U
Q
Q
S
(3)
Th
us
, t
o
m
easur
e the
Q
-
fact
or
with the
OUT
, t
he
f
ollo
wing e
qu
at
io
n
is
u
se
d
[
18
]
:
o
L
f
Q
BW
(4)
Wh
e
re
o
f
the
res
on
a
nt
f
re
qu
e
nc
y
and
B
W
is
t
he
3d
B
ba
ndw
idth.
To
cal
c
ul
at
ed
the
Q
-
fac
tor
without
th
e
OU
T
, t
he
f
ollo
wing e
qu
at
io
n i
s u
se
d
[19]
:
2
o
L
f
Q
BW
(5)
The
opti
m
u
m
values
of
the
pro
posed
desig
ne
d
are
obta
ine
d
at
6.
1
GH
z
a
s
il
lustrate
d
in
Table
1.
T
he
pro
po
se
d
G
W
CR
is
con
st
ru
c
te
d
of
upper
a
nd
lo
wer
al
umi
niu
m
plate
s
fed
by
two
SMA
co
nn
ect
or
s
as
sh
ow
n
in Figure 1. Th
e low
e
r
plate
c
on
sist
s
of
ca
vit
y,
m
ic
ro
flui
dic ch
an
nel a
nd
s
qu
a
re array
p
i
ns wit
h
siz
e of
1
m
m
2
and
heig
ht
le
s
s
than
λ/
4.
T
he
up
per
m
et
a
l
plate
con
sist
s
of
ca
vity
an
d
m
ic
ro
fluid
ic
chann
el
,
the
SMA
connecto
rs
a
re
connecte
d
to
t
he
upper
plate
as
well
as
s
hown
in
Fi
gure
1.
The
up
per
pl
at
e
is
placed
at
1
m
m
from
the
top
of
the
pin
s
surfa
ce.
T
he
t
wo
r
ows
of
ar
ray
pi
ns
on
eac
h
sid
e
of
t
he
gro
und
plate
pr
ov
i
de
a
high
el
ect
ric
fiel
d
and
i
ncr
ease
t
he
interact
ion
w
it
h
the
O
UT
a
s
show
n
in
Fi
gure
2.
T
he
in
te
racti
on
betw
een
the
el
ect
ric
fiel
d
a
nd
the
OUT
is
li
near
,
th
us
t
he
cha
ng
e
i
n
rela
ti
ve
per
m
it
ti
vit
y
of
t
he
O
UT
l
eads
to
cha
nge
in
the
resona
nt freq
ue
ncy.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
An
alysis a
nd Invest
ig
ation of
a
N
ovel Mi
cr
ow
ave
Se
nsor
wi
th H
ig
h Q
-
Fa
ct
or
for
O
il
…
(
Ammar
Alhe
ga
zi
)
1409
Table
1.
T
he
optim
u
m
v
al
ues
of the
d
esi
gn
par
am
et
ers
Para
m
eter
Valu
e (
m
m
)
Para
m
eter
Valu
e (
m
m
)
W
3
8
.20
d
2
1
8
.00
L
3
5
.40
x
5
.10
d
1
.00
s
1
.60
d
1
1
.50
p
1
.80
y
6
.35
t
5
.00
h
1
5
.75
h
1
2
1
.70
The
operati
on
pr
i
nciples
of
th
e
G
W
CR
is
based
on
the
ga
p
wav
e
guide
te
chnolo
gy
pro
posed
in
[
20
]
,
wh
e
re
t
he
uppe
r
plate
act
s
a
s
a
perfect
el
e
ct
ric
co
nduct
or,
w
hile
the
lo
wer
plate
act
s
as
a
perfect
m
agn
et
ic
c
onduct
or.
Mo
reover
,
the
squ
are
arr
ay
pins
in
the
lower
plate
restrict
the
pro
pag
at
io
n
of
the
wav
es
fro
m
all
directi
ons
an
d
this
le
ads
to
in
crease
the
el
ec
tric
fiel
d
in
th
e
pin
s
area
as
sh
ow
n
in
Fi
gure
2.
A
Tefl
on
tub
e
with
per
m
it
ti
v
it
y
of
2.
1
is
inserte
d
t
hroug
h
the
m
ic
ro
flu
idic
channel
to
evaluate
the
OU
T
as
sho
wn
in
Figure
2.
Lo
wer
plate
Figure
1. Sim
ulate
d
struct
ur
e
of the
pro
pose
d
se
nsor usi
ng
G
W
CR
Figure
2. Sim
ulate
d
el
ect
ric fi
el
d
(
v/m
)
of
t
he
prop
os
ed
se
nsor
at 6
.1 G
Hz
3.
RESU
LT
S
A
ND
A
N
ALYSIS
A
pa
ram
et
ric
stud
y
is
car
ried
ou
t
for
var
ie
d
le
ng
t
hs
of
t
he
of
pi
ns
as
s
ho
wn
i
n
Fi
gure
3.
It
ca
n
be
seen
that
t
he
c
hange
i
n
the
le
ng
t
h
of
t
he
pi
ns
le
ads
to
cha
nge
in
t
he
re
son
ant
f
reque
ncy
wh
e
re
the
le
ng
th
of
the p
i
ns
i
ncr
ea
ses, the
r
es
ona
nt freq
u
e
ncy de
creases.
The
pro
pose
d
sens
or
s
hows
it
s
abili
ty
to
se
ns
e
an
d
detect
diff
er
ent
ty
pe
s
of
oils
su
c
h
as
Fish
oil,
Coco
nut
oil,
Olive
oil,
Lin
seed
oil
an
d
Ca
st
or
oil,
wi
th
relat
ive
perm
itti
vity
of
2.6,
2.9,
3.1,
3.5,
4.7
resp
ect
ively
as
sh
ow
n
in
Fig
ur
e
4.
It
can
be
ob
se
rv
e
d
tha
t
the
relat
ion
s
hip
bet
wee
n
th
e
resonan
t
f
re
quency
and
the
pe
rm
i
t
ti
vity
is
inv
ers
el
y
propor
ti
on
al
to
each
ot
he
r,
where
t
he
re
so
na
nt
fr
e
que
nc
y
is
decr
ea
sin
g
by
increasin
g
t
he
per
m
it
t
ivit
y,
thu
s
wh
e
n
the
pe
rm
i
tt
ivity
is
2.
6
the
res
onant
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
a
ppears
at
6.0
876
GH
z
,
wh
il
e
wh
e
n
t
he
p
e
rm
i
tt
ivity is 4.7 the
r
es
onan
t app
ea
rs
at
6.0
814 G
Hz.
z
x
t
h
t
h
1
u
p
p
e
r
p
l
a
t
e
l
o
w
e
r
p
l
a
te
d
2
W
y
x
L
d
1
x
s
p
d
y
m
i
c
r
o
f
l
u
d
i
c
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
z
x
t
h
t
h
1
u
p
p
e
r
p
l
a
t
e
l
o
w
e
r
p
l
a
te
d
2
W
y
x
L
d
1
x
s
p
d
y
m
i
c
r
o
f
l
u
d
i
c
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
l
o
w
e
r
p
l
a
t
e
t
e
f
l
o
n
t
u
b
e
s
e
n
s
i
n
g
a
r
e
a
l
o
w
e
r
p
l
a
t
e
t
e
f
l
o
n
t
u
b
e
s
e
n
s
i
n
g
a
r
e
a
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
12
, N
o.
3
,
Dece
m
ber
2
01
8
:
1
4
0
7
–
1
412
1410
Figure
3. Tra
nsm
issi
on
co
e
ff
ic
ie
nt of th
e
pr
opos
e
d
se
ns
or
f
or v
a
ried
le
ng
t
hs
of the
pin
s
The
po
ly
nom
ial
gr
a
ph
of
the
pro
po
se
d
se
nsor
is
plo
tt
ed
ac
cordin
g
to
the
resona
nt
f
requ
ency
sh
i
ftin
g
and
pe
rm
i
tt
ivity
as
show
n
in
Figure
5.
F
r
om
the
po
ly
no
m
ia
l
gr
aph,
th
e
per
m
it
ti
vit
y
equ
at
io
n
is
e
xt
racted
as
fo
ll
ow:
2
'
3
3
0
.
5
9
4
3
6
4
.
7
1
4
3
2
2
ff
(6)
Figure
4. Tra
nsm
issi
on
co
e
ff
ic
ie
nt of th
e
pr
opos
e
d
se
ns
or
wi
th and
with
ou
t
OU
T
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
An
alysis a
nd Invest
ig
ation of
a
N
ovel Mi
cr
ow
ave
Se
nsor
wi
th H
ig
h Q
-
Fa
ct
or
for
O
il
…
(
Ammar
Alhe
ga
zi
)
1411
Figure
5. P
olyno
m
ia
l gr
ap
h o
f
the
prop
os
e
d sens
or
To
validat
e
the
accuracy
of
th
e
propose
d
sen
so
r
,
the
pe
rm
itti
vity
of
the
O
UT
is
evaluate
d
us
i
ng
the
pro
po
se
d
s
ens
or a
nd co
m
par
e
d wit
h
the
idea
l per
m
it
t
ivit
y, as sho
wn in
Ta
ble 2.
Table
2
.
C
om
par
iso
n betwee
n t
he
e
valuate
d perm
it
t
ivit
y by the
pro
po
se
d s
ens
or
a
nd the
ideal pe
rm
itti
vit
y
OUT
Frequ
en
cy
(
GHz
)
Ideal Pe
r
m
ittiv
it
y
(
'
)
Prop
o
sed
sen
so
r
(
'
)
Fish
oil
6
.08
7
6
2
.6
2
.74
5
Co
co
n
u
t oil
6
.08
6
5
2
.9
3
.11
Oliv
e oil
6
.08
5
8
3
.1
3
.35
7
Lins
eed o
il
6
.08
4
8
3
.5
3
.69
9
Cas
to
r
o
il
6
.08
1
4
4
.7
4
.86
4
Fr
om
Table
2
it
can
be
sai
d
that
a
good
ag
reem
ent
between
t
he
pro
po
s
ed
sen
sor
and
the
ideal
per
m
it
t
ivit
y,
wh
ic
h
m
eans
that
the
pr
op
os
e
d
sens
or
is
accu
r
at
e
and
has
th
e
abili
ty
to
detect
diff
ere
nt
ty
pes
of
oils.
H
oweve
r,
ver
y
sm
al
l
chan
ge
of
the
pe
rm
i
tt
ivity
between
the
pro
pos
ed
se
ns
or
a
nd
the
ideal
pe
rm
i
tt
ivit
y
m
ai
nly du
e t
o
t
he diffe
re
nce
be
tween t
he
sim
ulati
on
e
nvir
onm
ent an
d p
ract
ic
al
en
vir
onm
e
nt.
Fr
om
the pre
vio
us res
ults, it
c
an be said
that
the prop
os
e
d
s
ens
or
is
reli
abl
e to be use
d f
or o
il
se
ns
in
g
in
f
ood
in
dustrie
s.
T
he
res
ul
ts
sh
ow
that
t
he
pr
opos
e
d
s
ens
or
has
the
highest
Q
-
fact
or
c
om
par
ed
t
o
the
recently
prop
ose
d
se
nsors
as
sh
ow
n
in
Ta
ble 3
.
Table
3
.
C
om
par
iso
n betwee
n t
he pr
opos
e
d s
ens
or
a
nd
rece
ntly
r
ep
or
te
d r
esearche
s
Ref
erence
Techn
iq
u
e
Q
u
-
Facto
r
[
5
]
Plan
ar
d
o
u
b
le sp
lit r
in
g
r
eso
n
ato
r
525
[
6
]
Co
m
p
le
m
en
tar
y
sp
lit r
in
g
r
eso
n
ato
r
80
[
7
]
Plan
ar
sy
m
m
e
t
rica
l sp
lit r
in
g
r
eso
n
ato
r
652
[
1
1
]
Su
b
strate I
n
teg
rate
d
waveg
u
id
e
3
3
4
.6
[
1
0
]
Vertica
ll
y
stak
ed
ri
n
g
r
eso
n
ato
r
1
4
6
.67
[
1
2
]
Cav
ity
Sub
strate
I
n
teg
rated W
av
eg
u
i
d
es
≈3
0
0
[
2
1
]
Re
-
Entran
t c
av
ity
1190
[
2
2
]
Co
m
p
le
m
en
tar
y
f
o
ld
ed
ar
m
sp
lit
r
in
g
reso
n
ato
r
506
[
2
3
]
Multip
le sp
lit r
in
g
reso
n
ato
r
430
Prop
o
sed
sen
so
r
Gap
waveg
u
id
e ca
v
ity
r
eso
n
ato
r
4832
4.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
In
t
his
pa
per,
a
novel
m
ic
r
ow
a
ve
se
nsor
with
hi
gh
Q
-
facto
r
f
or
oil
sensing
is
a
naly
zed
an
d
inv
est
igate
d.
T
his
te
ch
nique
i
s
base
d
on
ga
p
wa
veguide
ca
vity
resonato
r
(GWCR
).
The
resu
lt
s
s
how
t
ha
t
the
G
W
CR
has
the
abili
ty
to
detect
diff
er
ent
ty
pe
s
of
oils
with
a
s
m
al
l
var
ia
tio
n
of
per
m
it
ti
v
it
ie
s
su
ch
as
Fi
sh
oil,
Coco
nut
oil,
Olive
oil,
Li
nse
ed
oil
an
d
Ca
stor
oil.
The
G
W
CR
is
de
sign
e
d
an
d
a
nal
yz
ed
us
in
g
C
om
pu
te
r
Si
m
ulati
on
Te
chnolo
gy
(CS
T).
The
el
ect
ric
fiel
d
of
the
G
W
CR
is
in
ve
sti
gated,
w
her
e
the
res
ults
show
that
the
el
ect
ric
field
m
or
e
con
ce
nt
rates
in
the
cavit
y,
thu
s
the
OU
T
is
place
d
in
the
cavit
y
us
ing
Tefl
on
tub
e.
Th
e
resu
lt
s
f
ro
m
this
stud
y
show
that
the
propos
ed
sens
or
is
a
good
can
did
at
e
to
be
us
e
d
f
or
oil
sensing
in
food
industries.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
6
.
0
8
6
.
0
8
1
6
.
0
8
2
6
.
0
8
3
6
.
0
8
4
6
.
0
8
5
6
.
0
8
6
6
.
0
8
7
6
.
0
8
8
6
.
0
8
9
C
ha
r
t
T
i
t
l
e
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
[
G
Hz
]
P
e
r
m
i
t
t
i
vi
t
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
12
, N
o.
3
,
Dece
m
ber
2
01
8
:
1
4
0
7
–
1
412
1412
ACKN
OWLE
DGE
MENTS
This
work
wa
s
suppo
rted
by
UTeM
Zam
al
a
h
Sc
hem
e.
The
auth
ors
would
al
so
li
ke
t
o
t
ha
nk
Ce
ntre
for
Re
searc
h
a
nd
I
nnovat
ion
Ma
nag
em
ent
(
CR
IM),
Ce
nt
r
e
of
Excell
enc
e,
UTeM,
UT
eM
’s
resea
rc
h
gr
a
nt
JURNAL/
20
18/FKEKK/Q
00001
a
nd
U
niv
e
r
sit
i
Tekn
ikal
Ma
la
ysi
a
Me
lak
a
(UTeM
)
f
or
their
encour
a
gem
ent
and h
el
p
in
s
pons
ori
ng t
his stu
dy.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
S.
N.
Jha,
K.
Narsai
ah,
a
.
L.
Basediy
a,
R.
Sharm
a,
P.
Jaiswal,
R.
Kum
ar,
and
R.
Bhardwa
j,
“
Mea
sure
m
ent
te
chn
ique
s
and
a
ppli
c
at
ion
of
e
lectr
i
ca
l
prop
ert
i
es
for
nondestruc
tive
qual
i
t
y
evalu
at
ion
of
foods
-
a
rev
ie
w,
”
J
.
Foo
d
Sci
.
Techno
l.
,
vo
l.
48
,
no
.
4
,
pp
.
3
87
–
411,
2011
.
[2]
N.
A.
Rahman,
Z.
Za
k
aria,
R.
A.
Rahi
m
,
and
D.
Yos
za
,
“
Chara
cteri
z
at
ion
:
A
rev
ie
w
Plana
r
Micro
wave
Sensors
fo
r
Acc
ura
t
e
Mea
surem
ent
of
Mate
ria
l
Char
ac
t
eriz
at
ion :
A
Revi
e
w,”
TEL
KOMN
IKA
,
vol.
15,
n
o.
Septe
m
ber
,
p
p.
1108
–
1118,
201
7.
[3]
A.
Azua
n,
M.
Baha
r,
Z
.
Za
k
ar
ia
,
A.
A.
Isa,
E.
Ruslan,
and
R.
A.
Alahnomi,
“
A
Revi
ew
of
Chara
cteri
za
t
i
on
Te
chn
ique
s
for
Mate
ri
al
s
’
Properties
Mea
surem
ent
Us
ing
Micro
wave
Resonant
Sensor,”
J.
Te
lecomm
un.
El
e
ct
r
on.
Comput.
Eng
.
,
v
ol.
7
,
no
.
2
,
pp
.
1
–
6,
2015
.
[4]
“
Plana
r
M
ic
rowave
Sensors
for
Acc
ura
t
e
Mea
su
rement
of
Mate
r
ia
l
Char
ac
t
eriza
t
ion :
A
Revi
ew
Refba
cks,
”
vol.
62,
no.
274
,
p
.
5646
04,
2017
.
[5]
A.
A.
M.
Bah
ar,
Z.
Za
kar
ia,
S.
R
.
A.
Rashid
,
A.
A.
M.
Isa,
R
.
A.
Alahnomi,
and
D.
Tungga
l
,
“
Di
el
e
ct
ri
c
an
aly
sis
of
li
quid
solven
ts
using
m
ic
rowave
resona
tor
sensor
for
high
eff
ic
ie
nc
y
m
ea
surem
ent
,
”
Mic
row.
Opt.
Technol.
Lett.
,
vol.
59
,
no
.
2
,
pp
.
367
–
371
,
2017
.
[6]
M.
A.
H.
Ans
ar
i,
A.
K.
Jha,
an
d
M.
J.
Akhtar
,
“
Design
and
A
ppli
c
at
ion
of
th
e
CS
RR
-
Based
Plana
r
Sensor
for
Noninvasive
Me
as
ure
m
ent
of
Co
m
ple
x
Perm
it
ti
v
i
t
y
,
”
IE
EE
S
ens.
J.
,
vol
.
15
,
no
.
1
2,
pp
.
7181
–
718
9,
2015
.
[7]
R.
A.
Alahnomi,
Z.
Z
aka
r
ia,
E
.
Ruslan,
S.
R.
Ab
Rashid,
and
A.
A.
Mohd
Baha
r,
“
High
-
Q
sensor
base
d
o
n
s
y
m
m
et
ric
a
l
spli
t
ring
resona
tor w
it
h
spurline
s for
solids mate
ria
l
det
e
ct
ion
,
”
IE
EE Se
ns.
J.
,
vol.
17
,
no.
9,
pp.
2766
–
2775,
2017
.
[8]
R.
Alahnomi,
N.
Bint
i
,
A.
Ham
id,
Z
.
Z
aka
r
ia,
T
.
Sutikno,
and
A.
Azua
n,
“
Microw
ave
Pl
ana
r
Sens
or
for
Perm
it
t
iv
i
t
y
Dete
rm
ina
t
ion
o
f
Dielec
t
ric Materials,”
Indone
s.
J.
Elec
tr.
Eng
.
C
omput.
Sc
i.
,
vo
l.
11,
no
.
1
,
pp
.
36
2
–
371,
2018
.
[9]
A.
A.
Mohd
Ba
har
,
Z
.
Za
kar
ia,
A.
A.
Md
Isa,
Y.
Dasril,
and
R.
A.
Alahnomi,
“
The
CS
IW
R
esona
tor
Sensor
for
Microf
lui
di
c
Ch
ara
c
te
ri
zation
Us
ing
Defe
cted
Ground
Struct
ure
,
”
J.
Tel
ec
omm
u
n.
El
e
ct
ron.
Co
mput.
Eng.
,
vol.
10,
no
. 2
–
6
,
pp
.
35
–
40,
2018
.
[10]
S.
Kulkar
ni
and
M.
S.
Jo
shi,
“De
sign
and
Anal
y
sis
of
Shiel
de
d
Vert
ic
a
lly
Sta
cke
d
Ring
Resonat
or
as
Com
ple
x
Perm
it
ti
vity
S
en
sor for
Petro
le
u
m
Oils,”
vo
l. 63, no. 8, pp. 2411
–
2417,
2015
.
[11]
C.
Li
u
and
F.
T
ong,
“
An
SI
W
Resonat
or
Sensor
fo
r
Li
quid
Per
m
it
ti
vity
Me
asure
m
ent
s
at
C
Band,
”
IEEE
Mic
ro
w.
Wirel
.
Compone
nts Le
tt.
,
vol. 25, no. 11, pp. 751
–
753,
2015
.
[12]
H.
El
Ma
tbouly
,
N.
Boubeke
u
r,
and
F.
Dom
ingue
,
“
Pass
ive
Micr
owave
Subs
tra
t
e
Inte
gr
at
ed
Cavit
y
Resonat
or
for
Hum
idi
t
y
S
ensing,
”
I
EEE
Tr
ans. Microw.
Theory
Tech.
,
vol
.
63
,
n
o.
12
,
pp
.
4150
–
4156,
2015
.
[13]
A.
U.
Za
m
an
an
d
P.
-
S.
Kildal,
“
Slot
antenna
in
ridge
gap
w
aveguide
t
ec
hnolog
y
,
”
2012
6th
Eu
r.
Conf.
Ant
enn
as
Propag.
,
no.
Ma
rch
,
pp
.
324
3
–
32
44,
2012
.
[14]
A.
K.
Horesta
ni
and
M.
Shahab
adi
,
“
Bala
nc
ed
Filt
er
with
W
id
eba
nd
Com
m
on
-
Mode
Suppress
ion
in
Groove
Gap
W
ave
guide T
e
ch
nolog
y
,
”
IE
EE
Mic
row.
W
irel. Com
ponent
s Let
t
.
,
vol. 28, no. 2,
pp.
132
–
134
,
20
18.
[15]
E.
Pucci,
A.
U.
Za
m
an,
E
.
Raj
o
-
igl
esi
as,
P.
Kil
dal
,
and
A.
Kis
hk,
“
Stud
y
of
Q
-
fac
tors
of
ridg
e
and
groove
ga
p
wave
guide re
son
at
ors,”
IET
M
ic
r
owave
s, Ant
enna
s P
ropag.
,
vol. 7
,
no
.
Ma
y
,
pp
.
9
00
–
908,
2013
.
[16]
J.
Papapoly
m
er
ou,
J.
Ch
eng,
J.
Ea
st
,
and
L.
P.
B.
Ka
t
ehi,
“
A
Micromac
hine
d
High
-
X
-
Band
Resonat
or,”
IE
E
E
Mic
row.
Guid
.
Wav
e
Le
tt.
,
vol.
7,
no
.
6
,
pp
.
168
–
170,
1997
.
[17]
Darko
Kajf
e
z,
“
Q‐F
ac
tor,
”
in
Enc
y
cl
oped
ia
of
RF
and
M
ic
ro
wave
Eng
ineering
,
K.
Chang
,
Ed.
W
ile
y
Onli
ne
Li
bra
r
y
,
2005
.
[18]
David
M.
Pozar
,
“
Microwa
ve
En
gine
er
ing,
”
book
,
Univ
.
Mass
ach
usett
s A
mhers
t
,
vol.
1
,
pp
.
144
–
1
46,
2011
.
[19]
A.
Alhegazi
,
Z.
Za
kar
ia,
R.
A.
A
la
hnom
i,
E
.
Rusl
an,
and
S.
R.
A.
Rashid,
“
Design
of
Double
Ring
Resonat
or
(
DR
R
)
for
Mate
ria
l
Properties
Mea
surem
ent
,
”
in
IE
E
E
Inte
rnational
Confe
renc
e
on
Inte
lligent
&
Ad
vanc
ed
Syst
ems
,
2016,
pp
.
1
–
6.
[20]
P.
S.
Kilda
l,
E
.
Alfonso,
A.
Vale
ro
-
Nogueira,
a
nd
E.
Raj
o
-
Igl
esia
s,
“
Loc
a
l
m
et
a
m
at
eri
a
l
-
base
d
wave
guide
s
in
g
aps
bet
wee
n
par
al
l
el m
et
al pl
at
es,
”
I
EE
E
Antennas
Wirel
.
Propag.
Lett.
,
vol. 8, pp. 8
4
–
87,
2009
.
[21]
H.
Ham
za
h,
A.
Abdulja
bar
,
J.
L
ee
s,
and
A.
Porc
h,
“
A
Com
pac
t
Microwa
ve
Mi
cr
oflui
dic
Sensor
Us
ing
a
Re
-
Ent
r
ant
Cavi
t
y
,
”
S
ensors
,
vol
.
18
,
no
.
3
,
p
.
910
,
2018
.
[22]
N.
A.
Rahman
,
Z.
Za
kar
ia,
R
.
A
.
Rah
im,
Y.
Das
ril
,
A.
Azu
an,
an
d
M.
Bah
ar,
“
Dual
Band
Plan
ar
M
ic
rowave
Sens
or
for
Diel
ectri
c
Chara
c
te
ri
zation
u
sing
Solid
and
Li
quid
Sam
ple
,
”
J.
Telecomm
un.
El
ectron.
Comput.
Eng.
,
vol
.
10,
no.
2
,
pp
.
27
–
32
,
2018.
[23]
A.
A.
Mohd
Baha
r,
Z
.
Za
k
aria,
A.
A.
Md
Isa,
Y.
Dasril,
S.
R.
Ab
Rashid,
an
d
R.
a.
Alahn
o
m
i,
“
The
die
l
ec
t
ric
consta
nt
ana
l
y
si
s
for
aque
ous
ch
ara
c
te
ri
zation
us
ing
split
ring
res
onat
or
sensor,
”
J.
Tel
ec
omm
un.
El
e
ct
ron.
Comp
ut.
Eng.
,
vol
.
9
,
no
.
2
–
13,
pp
.
75
–
80
,
2017.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.