I
nd
o
ne
s
ia
n J
o
urna
l o
f
E
lect
rica
l En
g
ineering
a
nd
Co
m
p
u
t
er
Science
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
1
,
J
an
u
ar
y
201
8
,
p
p
.
11
5
~
1
1
7
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
i
j
ee
cs
.
v
9
.
i1
.
p
p
1
1
5
-
117
115
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ia
e
s
co
r
e.
co
m/jo
u
r
n
a
ls
/in
d
ex
.
p
h
p
/
ijeec
s
Decent
ra
li
z
ed En
ergy
Reso
urce M
a
na
g
em
ent
P
ro
bl
e
m
s o
f
M
ulti
Ag
ent
N
eg
o
tiatio
n F
ra
m
ew
o
rk
D.
Su
g
a
nthy
1
,
Dr.
G
.
Ra
ng
a
na
t
ha
n
2
1
Re
se
a
rc
h
S
c
h
o
lar,
A
M
ET
Un
iv
e
rsity
,
Ch
e
n
n
a
i
2
P
ri
n
c
ip
a
l,
Ra
ja
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
C
o
ll
e
g
e
,
Co
im
b
a
to
re
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
Au
g
9
,
2
0
1
7
R
ev
i
s
ed
No
v
2
1
,
2
0
1
7
A
cc
ep
ted
Dec
1
0
,
2
0
1
7
T
h
is
p
a
p
e
r
p
ro
p
o
se
s
th
e
id
e
a
o
f
Distrib
u
ted
En
e
rg
y
Re
so
u
rc
e
(DER)
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t,
in
li
g
h
t
o
f
d
y
n
a
m
ic
b
u
n
c
h
in
g
o
f
e
n
e
rg
y
a
s
se
ts
f
o
r
b
e
tt
e
r
c
o
o
rd
i
n
a
ti
o
n
o
f
f
re
e
m
a
r
k
e
t
a
c
ti
v
it
y
.
A
n
a
u
d
it
o
n
l
o
a
d
p
ro
f
il
in
g
a
n
d
e
sti
m
a
ti
n
g
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
is
g
iv
e
n
w
h
ich
to
b
e
u
se
d
in
b
u
i
ld
i
n
g
in
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
,
re
q
u
ired
f
o
r
n
e
a
rb
y
a
n
d
w
o
rld
w
id
e
c
o
o
rd
i
n
a
ti
o
n
.
T
o
sta
y
a
w
a
y
f
ro
m
su
b
sta
n
ti
a
l
sc
a
le
c
o
m
p
l
e
x
it
ies
,
a
d
e
c
e
n
tralize
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
w
it
h
M
u
lt
i
Ag
e
n
t
Ne
g
o
ti
a
ti
o
n
F
ra
m
e
w
o
rk
(
M
A
NF)
is
c
o
n
v
e
y
e
d
.
A
n
a
u
d
it
o
n
M
A
NF
in
n
o
v
a
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
ir
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
in
p
o
w
e
r
f
ra
m
e
w
o
r
k
is
d
isp
la
y
e
d
.
W
it
h
M
A
NF
w
e
g
iv
e
a
s
y
ste
m
to
p
lan
n
in
g
m
a
k
e
r,
sh
o
p
p
e
r
a
n
d
g
ro
u
p
sp
e
c
ial
ists.
T
h
e
se
sp
e
c
ialists
a
d
d
it
io
n
a
ll
y
n
e
g
o
ti
a
te
S
e
rv
ice
L
e
v
e
l
Ag
re
e
m
e
n
ts
f
o
r
o
v
e
rse
e
in
g
f
re
e
m
a
rk
e
t
a
c
ti
v
it
y
a
n
d
id
e
a
ll
y
u
sin
g
th
e
e
n
e
rg
y
a
ss
e
ts.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
Dec
en
tr
alize
d
E
n
er
g
y
R
eso
u
r
c
e
Ma
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t
Dis
tr
ib
u
ted
E
n
er
g
y
R
eso
u
r
ce
(
DE
R
)
Mu
lti
Ag
e
n
t N
eg
o
tia
tio
n
F
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
(
M
A
N
F)
Ser
v
ice
L
ev
el
Ag
r
ee
m
en
t
Co
p
y
rig
h
t
©
2
0
1
8
I
n
stit
u
te o
f
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
S
c
ien
c
e
.
Al
l
rig
h
ts re
se
rv
e
d
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
D.
Su
g
an
t
h
y
,
R
esear
ch
Sch
o
lar
,
A
ME
T
Un
iv
er
s
it
y
,
C
h
en
n
ai
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
A
s
m
ar
t
n
et
w
o
r
k
i
s
a
cla
s
s
o
f
in
n
o
v
atio
n
w
h
er
e
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
co
m
p
u
ter
izatio
n
is
co
n
n
ec
te
d
in
th
e
elec
tr
ical
lattice
to
s
p
ar
e
co
s
t
an
d
en
er
g
y
w
it
h
en
h
an
c
ed
f
in
an
c
ial
asp
ec
ts
,
d
ep
en
d
ab
ilit
y
,
m
an
a
g
ea
b
ilit
y
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
it
y
[
1
]
.
A
k
ee
n
m
atr
i
x
u
n
d
er
p
in
s
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
a
l
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
lies
an
d
lo
ad
as
w
ell
as
i
n
co
r
p
o
r
ates
Dis
tr
ib
u
ted
E
n
er
g
y
R
eso
u
r
ce
s
(
DE
R
s
)
lik
e
in
e
x
h
au
s
tib
le,
en
er
g
y
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
ad
v
a
n
ce
m
en
ts
,
s
m
a
ll
s
ca
le
tu
r
b
in
es,
a
n
d
s
o
o
n
.
I
n
teg
r
at
io
n
o
f
DE
R
s
e
n
ab
les
clie
n
ts
an
d
litt
le
m
a
k
er
s
to
cr
ea
te
p
o
w
er
an
d
p
itc
h
o
v
er
ab
u
n
d
an
ce
to
t
h
e
la
tt
ice
at
t
h
e
n
ea
r
b
y
le
v
el
[
2
]
.
T
h
is
ad
v
a
n
ce
s
n
a
tu
r
e
o
f
s
u
p
p
l
y
,
d
i
m
in
is
h
m
e
n
t
i
n
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
a
n
d
co
n
v
e
y
a
n
ce
m
is
f
o
r
tu
n
e
s
,
r
eser
v
i
n
g
r
eq
u
e
s
t
r
ea
ctio
n
b
y
o
v
er
s
ee
i
n
g
cr
est r
eq
u
est.
Dev
elo
p
in
g
co
g
n
iza
n
ce
ab
o
u
t
th
e
ea
r
t
h
an
d
t
h
e
le
s
s
e
n
i
n
g
o
f
ca
r
b
o
n
i
m
p
r
ess
io
n
s
,
it
is
n
o
r
m
al
th
at
th
e
in
f
iltra
tio
n
o
f
g
r
ee
n
DE
R
w
i
ll
in
cr
e
m
en
t
b
y
ti
m
e.
No
t
w
i
t
h
s
ta
n
d
in
g
,
t
h
ese
g
r
ee
n
s
o
u
r
c
es
ar
e
ex
ce
ed
in
g
l
y
ir
r
eg
u
lar
a
n
d
ca
p
r
icio
u
s
i
n
n
atu
r
es
p
r
o
m
p
ti
n
g
co
m
p
le
x
co
n
d
u
ct
[
3
]
.
L
i
k
e
w
i
s
e
s
tack
d
is
co
n
tin
u
it
y
in
cl
u
d
es
an
o
th
er
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
in
tr
ic
ac
y
.
Mu
c
h
o
f
t
h
e
ti
m
e
w
it
h
o
u
t
d
ata
tr
ad
e,
en
er
g
y
a
s
s
et
s
r
em
ai
n
u
n
d
er
u
til
ized
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
p
o
o
r
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
w
it
h
b
u
y
er
s
,
b
r
in
g
i
n
g
ab
o
u
t
p
o
in
tles
s
lo
ad
s
h
e
d
d
in
g
,
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
/r
eb
u
ild
i
n
g
p
la
n
s
b
y
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
,
an
d
s
o
o
n
to
ac
co
m
p
li
s
h
b
etter
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
an
d
ad
v
a
n
ce
r
eq
u
est
r
ea
ctio
n
,
b
u
y
er
s
m
u
s
t
u
s
e
d
ata
o
n
f
u
t
u
r
e
ir
r
eg
u
lar
er
a
y
ield
an
d
r
eq
u
ests
[
4
]
.
T
h
ese
d
ata
is
n
o
r
m
all
y
g
ath
er
ed
b
y
lo
ad
p
r
o
f
ili
n
g
an
d
g
u
a
g
i
n
g
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
.
I
n
v
ie
w
o
f
f
r
ee
m
ar
k
e
t
ac
ti
v
it
y
s
i
m
i
lar
it
y
u
p
o
n
t
h
e
d
at
a
tr
ad
e,
n
eig
h
b
o
r
h
o
o
d
an
d
w
o
r
l
d
w
id
e
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
a
m
o
n
g
ele
m
en
ts
ca
n
b
e
ac
co
m
p
li
s
h
ed
[
5
]
.
Mu
lti
Ag
e
n
t
Ne
g
o
tiatio
n
Fra
m
e
w
o
r
k
(
M
A
N
F)
g
i
v
es
t
h
e
w
a
y
to
d
ec
en
tr
alize
d
co
n
tr
o
l
b
y
s
h
ap
i
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
o
f
ca
n
n
y
s
p
ec
ialis
ts
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
v
a
s
t
s
ca
le
co
m
p
lex
i
ties
.
I
n
M
ANF
ev
er
y
o
p
er
ato
r
h
as
s
el
f
-
g
o
v
er
n
a
n
ce
in
b
asic
lead
er
s
h
i
p
an
d
h
a
s
s
o
cial
attr
ib
u
te
s
,
a
n
d
as
s
o
ciate
s
w
i
th
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
p
ec
ialis
ts
f
o
r
b
etter
b
asic
lead
er
s
h
ip
[
6
]
.
Sp
ec
ialis
ts
ca
n
p
o
w
er
f
u
ll
y
s
h
ap
e
g
r
o
u
p
s
/g
r
o
u
p
s
o
f
m
a
k
er
s
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
er
s
to
m
atc
h
r
eq
u
est
an
d
s
u
p
p
l
y
a
f
ter
s
o
m
e
ti
m
e,
u
tili
zi
n
g
th
eir
o
w
n
p
ar
ticu
lar
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
b
y
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
an
d
b
y
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ce
w
it
h
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
b
u
n
c
h
es
[
7
]
.
I
n
s
id
e
p
o
w
er
f
u
l
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
clu
s
ter
s
,
m
a
k
er
s
an
d
c
u
s
to
m
er
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
Dec
en
tr
a
liz
ed
E
n
erg
y
R
eso
u
r
ce
Ma
n
a
g
eme
n
t P
r
o
b
lems o
f
MANF
(
D.
S
u
g
a
n
th
y
)
116
ca
n
co
n
s
u
l
t
o
n
g
r
o
u
p
e
n
r
o
ll
m
en
t
o
n
th
e
p
r
e
m
is
e
o
f
s
a
w
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
en
er
g
ies
in
th
eir
q
u
al
ities
,
(
f
o
r
e
x
a
m
p
le
,
s
tab
le
s
to
c
k
p
ilin
g
g
ad
g
et
s
o
r
u
n
v
er
i
f
iab
le
g
r
ee
n
g
en
er
ato
r
s
)
an
d
g
u
a
g
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
/r
eq
u
e
s
t
i
n
t
h
e
m
ar
k
et
in
w
h
ic
h
th
e
y
tak
e
p
ar
t.
T
h
ese
clu
s
ter
s
lo
ca
ll
y
a
n
d
p
o
w
er
f
u
ll
y
ar
r
an
g
e
f
r
ee
m
ar
k
et
ac
ti
v
it
y
a
f
t
er
s
o
m
e
ti
m
e,
an
d
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
e/ad
j
u
s
t o
n
t
i
m
e
i
f
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
c
h
an
g
e
[
8
-
9
].
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
E
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
is
e
v
er
y
t
h
i
n
g
o
u
ter
to
th
e
s
p
ec
ialis
t.
A
s
p
ec
ial
is
t
m
u
s
t
e
x
i
s
t
i
n
a
s
it
u
atio
n
k
ee
p
in
g
i
n
m
i
n
d
t
h
e
e
n
d
g
o
al
to
w
atc
h
it
an
d
m
o
d
if
y
it.
T
h
e
ea
r
t
h
w
i
t
h
r
e
g
ar
d
s
to
a
p
o
w
er
f
r
a
m
e
wo
r
k
is
in
c
lu
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
its
el
f
,
w
h
er
e
a
s
p
ec
ialis
t
ca
n
w
atc
h
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
b
y
m
et
h
o
d
s
f
o
r
elec
tr
ical
an
d
m
ec
h
a
n
ical
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
.
T
h
e
d
etec
ted
estee
m
is
ch
a
n
g
ed
o
v
er
to
ad
v
an
ce
d
in
f
o
r
m
a
t
io
n
w
i
th
t
h
e
g
o
al
th
at
s
p
ec
ial
is
t
ca
n
w
atc
h
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
f
o
r
b
asic
lead
er
s
h
ip
.
T
h
e
ch
o
ices
o
f
an
o
p
er
ato
r
ca
n
b
e
a
n
y
s
u
m
m
o
n
w
h
ich
h
elp
s
i
n
en
h
a
n
ci
n
g
e.
g
.
,
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
d
ep
en
d
ab
ilit
y
,
v
o
lta
g
e
p
r
o
f
ile,
o
p
en
in
g
o
r
s
h
u
tti
n
g
cir
c
u
it
b
r
ea
k
er
s
,
e
n
h
a
n
ce
d
lo
ad
s
tr
ea
m
,
an
d
s
o
o
n
.
An
ag
e
n
t
is
a
in
te
lli
g
en
t
a
g
en
t
th
at
w
h
e
n
ar
r
an
g
ed
in
a
s
itu
atio
n
ca
n
ac
t
s
el
f
-
g
o
v
er
n
in
g
l
y
to
ec
o
lo
g
ical
ch
a
n
g
es.
I
n
d
ep
en
d
en
ce
all
u
d
es
s
tar
t
o
f
ac
ti
v
it
ies
w
it
h
o
u
t
a
n
y
o
n
e
e
ls
e
e.
g
.
,
w
h
en
r
eq
u
ir
ed
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
p
r
o
g
r
ess
in
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
A
Mu
l
ti
Ag
en
t
Ne
g
o
tiatio
n
Fra
m
e
w
o
r
k
(
M
ANF)
i
s
a
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
i
n
cl
u
d
in
g
a
t
leas
t
t
w
o
w
i
s
e
o
p
er
ato
r
s
.
I
n
an
y
ca
s
e,
t
h
er
e
d
o
es
n
o
t
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
a
n
ex
p
r
es
s
n
o
g
e
n
er
al
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e,
y
et
in
a
n
y
e
v
en
t
th
er
e
ar
e
co
n
f
i
n
ed
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es
r
elatin
g
to
ev
er
y
o
p
er
ato
r
.
A
s
p
ec
ialis
t
co
u
ld
p
o
s
s
ib
l
y
s
tr
ai
g
h
t
f
o
r
w
ar
d
l
y
s
p
ea
k
w
it
h
d
if
f
er
en
t
o
p
er
ato
r
s
to
s
atis
f
y
th
eir
o
w
n
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es.
Hen
ce
f
o
r
th
,
M
A
NF
in
n
o
v
atio
n
is
ex
tr
e
m
e
l
y
u
s
e
f
u
l
i
n
s
u
c
h
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
s
w
h
er
e
n
e
ig
h
b
o
r
h
o
o
d
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es
ar
e
m
o
r
e
ess
en
t
ial
li
k
e
in
p
o
w
er
f
r
am
e
w
o
r
k
s
.
I
n
p
o
w
er
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
s
,
b
esid
e
th
e
g
e
n
e
r
al
tar
g
et
o
f
k
ee
p
in
g
s
u
p
p
l
y
in
ad
j
u
s
t
w
it
h
r
eq
u
est,
t
h
er
e
ar
e
m
o
r
e
co
n
f
i
n
ed
d
esti
n
atio
n
s
l
ik
e
k
ee
p
in
g
u
p
v
o
ltag
e
p
r
o
f
iles
at
v
ar
io
u
s
ar
ea
s
,
s
ec
u
r
it
y
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
f
ee
d
er
s
,
g
e
n
er
ato
r
s
,
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
,
a
n
d
s
o
f
o
r
th
.
A
p
o
w
er
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
is
a
v
e
r
y
u
n
iq
u
e
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
,
s
o
th
e
o
p
er
at
o
r
s
m
u
s
t
h
av
e
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
i
n
o
p
er
atio
n
.
A
d
ap
tab
ili
t
y
co
n
n
o
tes
t
h
e
ca
p
ac
it
y
o
f
o
p
er
ato
r
s
to
tak
e
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
f
itti
n
g
ac
ti
v
it
ies
a
m
o
n
g
v
ar
io
u
s
co
n
ce
iv
ab
le
ac
tiv
ities
f
o
r
c
h
a
n
g
e
s
i
n
co
n
d
itio
n
.
M
A
NF
g
i
v
e
t
h
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
o
f
e
x
ten
s
i
b
ilit
y
,
w
h
ic
h
m
ea
n
s
u
p
d
atin
g
an
d
en
lar
g
in
g
t
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
p
lan
.
Ne
w
ad
v
an
ce
s
a
r
e
co
n
tin
u
all
y
d
is
co
v
er
in
g
t
h
eir
w
a
y
i
n
to
th
e
p
o
w
er
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
,
s
o
ea
ch
ti
m
e
t
h
is
h
ap
p
en
s
,
th
e
f
r
am
e
w
o
r
k
co
n
tr
o
l
m
u
s
t
b
e
u
p
d
ated
.
W
ith
MA
NF
,
o
p
er
ato
r
u
p
d
atin
g
is
r
elied
u
p
o
n
to
b
e
m
o
r
e
s
tr
aig
h
t
f
o
r
w
ar
d
an
d
u
p
g
r
ad
atio
n
m
a
y
n
o
t
i
n
f
l
u
en
ce
th
e
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
o
f
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
s
p
ec
ialis
t
s
.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
r
o
m
n
e
w
s
en
s
o
r
s
ca
n
b
y
ex
a
m
i
n
ed
w
it
h
ex
is
t
in
g
s
p
ec
ialis
ts
b
y
i
n
cl
u
d
in
g
o
r
ch
an
g
i
n
g
ex
i
s
t
in
g
ca
lc
u
lat
io
n
i
n
th
e
s
e
o
p
er
ato
r
s
as it
w
er
e.
Mo
n
ito
r
in
g
o
f
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
p
ar
ts
is
an
es
s
e
n
tial
p
ar
t
o
f
r
u
n
n
i
n
g
a
p
o
w
er
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
d
ep
en
d
ab
ly
.
Fo
r
m
ai
n
tai
n
in
g
p
o
w
er
s
tr
ea
m
,
m
atu
r
in
g
cr
ea
ti
n
g
p
lan
t
s
an
d
e
x
tr
e
m
e
ad
m
i
n
is
tr
ativ
e
r
eq
u
e
s
t
s
ar
e
a
f
e
w
is
s
u
e
s
w
h
ic
h
h
a
v
e
m
ad
e
co
n
d
itio
n
ch
ec
k
i
n
g
an
e
s
s
e
n
tial
g
o
al
a
m
o
n
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
p
r
o
p
r
ieto
r
s
.
A
M
ANF
g
iv
e
s
a
m
ag
n
i
f
ice
n
t
an
s
w
er
f
o
r
th
e
ab
o
v
e
tr
o
u
b
les
in
p
lan
t
o
b
s
er
v
in
g
.
A
C
MM
ANF
(
C
o
n
d
it
io
n
Mo
n
ito
r
in
g
M
u
lti
Ag
e
n
t
Ne
g
o
tiatio
n
Fra
m
e
w
o
r
k
)
is
in
ten
d
ed
to
s
cr
ee
n
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
co
n
d
itio
n
.
A
p
r
ev
ie
w
o
f
P
ar
tial
Di
s
ch
ar
g
e
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
is
ca
u
g
h
t
at
r
eg
u
lar
in
ter
v
als
b
y
C
MM
A
N
F
an
d
tr
an
s
late
s
UHF
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
w
h
ic
h
g
iv
e
s
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t a
n
al
y
tic
co
u
n
s
el.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
C
lu
s
ter
b
o
u
n
d
ar
ies
(
s
ize
s
)
an
d
SLAs
ca
n
c
h
an
g
e
t
h
u
s
o
f
th
e
s
e
ele
m
en
ts
:
ab
n
o
r
m
al
a
m
o
u
n
ts
o
f
v
ac
illatio
n
t
h
at
m
i
g
h
t
b
e
co
u
n
ter
ed
b
y
ex
p
a
n
d
in
g
t
h
e
e
x
ten
t
o
f
a
g
r
o
u
p
,
o
r
b
y
i
n
cl
u
d
in
g
b
ala
n
ci
n
g
o
u
t
(
ca
p
ac
i
ty
)
g
ad
g
ets
o
r
ex
tr
a
in
d
eter
m
i
n
ate
g
e
n
er
ato
r
s
;
an
d
in
d
iv
id
u
al
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
p
m
a
y
d
r
o
p
o
u
t
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
a
ch
an
g
in
g
co
n
d
u
ct
o
r
d
u
e
to
o
u
ts
id
e
alter
n
ativ
e
s
.
C
l
u
s
te
r
in
g
ta
k
es
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
d
ec
en
tr
alize
d
s
u
p
p
l
y
o
r
r
eq
u
est
ad
m
i
n
is
tr
atio
n
i
n
v
ie
w
o
f
S
L
A
s
,
alo
n
g
t
h
e
s
e
l
in
e
s
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
co
m
p
le
x
ities
o
n
a
m
o
r
e
ex
ten
s
i
v
e
s
ca
le
s
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
p
ap
er
g
iv
es
a
n
a
u
d
it
o
n
M
A
N
F
ap
p
licatio
n
s
in
th
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
e
n
er
g
y
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
s
.
A
f
e
w
ess
e
n
tials
o
f
MA
NF
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
ex
a
m
i
n
ed
to
d
ev
elo
p
a
ca
s
e
f
o
r
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
M
A
NF
i
n
n
e
w
-
p
er
io
d
co
n
tr
o
l
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
s
.
A
w
r
iti
n
g
r
ev
ie
w
o
n
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
ce
o
f
lo
ad
p
r
o
f
ili
n
g
a
n
d
esti
m
ati
n
g
an
d
t
h
eir
ap
p
licatio
n
s
in
d
ec
en
tr
alize
d
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
en
er
g
y
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
s
is
o
u
t
f
itted
.
P
ap
er
clo
s
es
b
y
ex
h
ib
iti
n
g
a
p
r
o
p
o
s
itio
n
o
n
th
e
u
tili
za
t
io
n
o
f
v
er
s
at
ile
g
r
o
u
p
in
g
to
ac
h
iev
e
d
ec
en
tr
ali
ze
d
f
lex
ib
le
en
er
g
y
m
ar
k
et
s
an
d
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
in
o
cc
asio
n
s
o
f
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
d
is
ap
p
o
in
t
m
e
n
t t
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
p
er
ato
r
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
a
n
d
SLA
as
s
u
r
a
n
ce
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2502
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
1
,
J
an
u
ar
y
2
0
1
8
:
11
5
–
11
7
117
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
Og
sto
n
E,
Bra
z
ier,
F
.
Ap
p
o
rtio
n
m
e
n
t
o
f
c
o
n
tro
l
in
v
irt
u
a
l
p
o
we
r
sta
ti
o
n
s.
I
n
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
In
In
f
ra
stru
c
tu
re
S
y
st
e
m
s a
n
d
S
e
rv
ice
s: De
v
e
lo
p
in
g
2
1
st Cen
t
u
ry
In
f
ra
stru
c
tu
re
Ne
t
w
o
rk
s,
(INFR
A
).
2
0
0
9
:
1
-
6.
[2
]
P
i
p
a
tt
a
n
a
so
m
p
o
rn
M
,
F
e
ro
z
e
H,
Ra
h
m
a
n
S
.
M
u
lt
i
-
a
g
e
n
t
sy
st
e
ms
in
a
d
istrib
u
ted
sm
a
rt
g
r
id
:
De
sig
n
a
n
d
imp
lem
e
n
ta
ti
o
n
.
In
P
o
w
e
r
S
y
ste
m
s Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
a
n
d
Ex
p
o
sit
io
n
.
2
0
0
9
:
1
-
8.
[3
]
Ch
icc
o
G
,
Na
p
o
li
R,
P
ig
li
o
n
e
F
.
Co
m
p
a
riso
n
s
a
m
o
n
g
c
lu
ste
rin
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
f
o
r
e
lec
tri
c
it
y
c
u
sto
m
e
r
c
las
sif
i
c
a
ti
o
n
.
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Po
we
r S
y
st
e
ms
.
2
0
0
6
;
21
(
2
):
9
3
3
-
9
4
0
.
[4
]
Niz
a
r
A
H,
Do
n
g
Z
Y,
Zh
a
o
J
H.
L
o
a
d
p
r
o
f
il
in
g
a
n
d
d
a
ta
m
in
in
g
tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
i
n
e
lec
tri
c
it
y
d
e
re
g
u
late
d
m
a
rk
e
t.
In
Po
we
r E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
S
o
c
iety
Ge
n
e
ra
l
M
e
e
ti
n
g
.
2
0
0
6
:
7
.
[5
]
T
h
o
m
p
so
n
G
D,
Ca
th
e
rs C.
F
o
re
c
a
stin
g
S
h
o
r
t
-
T
e
r
m
El
e
c
tri
c
it
y
L
o
a
d
P
r
o
f
il
e
s.
2
0
0
6
.
[6
]
Dim
e
a
s
A
L
,
H
a
tzia
rg
y
rio
u
N
D.
Op
e
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
a
m
u
lt
iag
e
n
t
s
y
st
e
m
f
o
r
m
icro
g
rid
c
o
n
tro
l.
IE
EE
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Po
we
r sy
ste
ms
.
2
0
0
5
;
20
(3
)
:
1
4
4
7
-
1
4
5
5
.
[7
]
M
a
it
y
I,
Ra
o
S
.
S
i
m
u
latio
n
a
n
d
p
ricin
g
m
e
c
h
a
n
is
m
a
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
a
s
o
lar
-
p
o
w
e
re
d
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
m
icro
g
rid
.
IEE
E
S
y
ste
ms
J
o
u
rn
a
l
.
2
0
1
0
;
4
(
3
):
2
7
5
-
2
8
4
.
[8
]
Co
n
trera
s
J,
W
u
F
F
.
A
k
e
rn
e
l
-
o
rien
ted
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
tran
sm
is
s
io
n
e
x
p
a
n
sio
n
p
la
n
n
i
n
g
.
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Po
we
r S
y
ste
ms
,
2
0
0
0
;
15
(4
)
:
1
4
3
4
-
1
4
4
s0
.
[9
]
S
u
to
y
o
,
E.
,
Ya
n
to
,
I.
T
.
R.
,
S
a
e
d
u
d
in
,
R.
R.
,
&
He
ra
wa
n
,
T
.
(2
0
1
7
)
.
A
S
o
f
t
S
e
t
-
b
a
se
d
Co
-
o
c
c
u
rre
n
c
e
f
o
r
Clu
ste
rin
g
W
e
b
Us
e
r
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
.
T
EL
KO
M
NIKA
(
T
e
lec
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
Co
mp
u
ti
n
g
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Co
n
tro
l)
,
1
5
(3
).
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.