Indonesian J
ournal of Ele
c
trical Engin
eering and
Computer Sci
e
nce
Vol. 1, No. 2,
February 20
1
6
, pp. 221 ~
228
DOI: 10.115
9
1
/ijeecs.v1.i2.pp22
1-2
2
8
221
Re
cei
v
ed O
c
t
ober 1, 20
15;
Revi
se
d De
cem
ber 12, 20
15; Accepted
Jan
uary 5, 20
16
A Overlapping Carrier Based SPWM for a 5-Level
Cascad
ed H-bridge Multilevel Inverter
Kurev
e
D. Ter
y
ima, Goshw
e
Y. Nenta
w
e
,
Agbo O.
Dav
i
d
Dep
a
rtment of Electrical
and
Electron
ics En
gin
eeri
ng,
F
e
d
e
ral U
n
ivers
i
t
y
of Agricultur
e, Makurdi, Ni
ger
i
a
Corresp
od
ing
author, e-ma
il: Kureve
_dt@u
a
m
.edu.ng
A
b
st
r
a
ct
T
h
is pap
er pro
poses a sw
itch
ing co
ntrol for a ca
scad
ed H-
brid
ge inv
e
rter structure w
i
th reduc
e
d
sw
itches w
h
ich
is
used
to
i
m
p
r
ove th
e T
H
D
perfor
m
a
n
ce
of
a s
i
ng
le
ph
as
e five
lev
e
l
CH
B MLI. T
he
mu
lti
level
invert
er i
s
simulate
d fo
r the conve
n
ti
ona
l carrier
o
v
erla
ppi
ng AP
OD and the
prop
osed c
a
rri
er
overl
app
in
g APOD Pulse
W
i
dth Modu
lat
i
on (PW
M) sw
itching co
ntrol techn
i
q
ue. T
he total har
mo
n
i
c
distortio
n
(T
HD
) of the
o
u
tput
voltag
es ar
e
o
b
serve
d
for
bot
h PW
M co
ntrol
techn
i
qu
es. T
he
perfor
m
a
n
c
e
of
the sy
mmetric
CHB MLI
is si
mu
late
d us
ing
MAT
L
AB-SI
MULINK. It is o
b
s
erved t
hat the
prop
ose
d
carr
ie
r
overl
app
in
g A
P
ODPW
M pro
v
ides
outp
u
t w
i
th relativ
e
ly
lo
w
T
HD as co
mp
are
d
to th
e
conve
n
tio
nal c
a
rrie
r
overl
app
in
g APODPW
M
.
Ke
y
w
ords
:
Mu
lti-leve
l inv
e
rter
, APODP
WM, THD,
MATLAB/SIMULINK
Copy
right
©
2016 In
stitu
t
e o
f
Ad
van
ced
En
g
i
n
eerin
g and
Scien
ce. All
rig
h
t
s reser
ve
d
.
1. Introduc
tion
An inverter is defined a
s
an electri
c
al
devices
that
convert
s
direct cu
rrent (dc) in
put
voltage to
an
alternating
current
(a
c) o
u
tput vo
ltage
of d
e
si
red
m
agnitud
e
a
n
d
freq
uen
cy [1
-4].
MLI aim
s
at
achi
eving hi
g
her
po
wer b
y
usin
g se
ri
e
s
of
power semi-con
du
cto
r
switche
s
wi
th
several low
DC
sou
r
ces.
Several multi
l
evel topologi
es have em
e
r
ged a
nd the
most comm
on
among
st the
m
includ
e the Diod
e-Cl
amped M
u
lt
ilevel Inverter (DCMLI
), Flying-Cap
a
ci
tor
Multilevel inverter
(F
CMLI) and Casca
d
ed H-bri
dge
Multilevel Inverter
(CHBM
L
I) [6]. There
are
nume
r
ou
s
switchi
ng
con
t
rol tech
niqu
es fo
r the
CHBM
L
I but
there a
r
e t
w
o Pul
s
e
Width
Modulatio
n (PWM) te
chni
que mo
stly used in m
u
ltile
ve
l inverter control
strateg
y
[2-5]. For high
swit
chin
g fre
quen
cy, strat
egie
s
su
ch a
s
sp
ace
vect
or PWM, Sel
e
ctive Ha
rmo
n
ics Eliminati
o
n
PWM a
nd Si
nusoidal
PWM are u
s
e
d
.
Among th
es
e
PWM
metho
d
s, SPWM
which
is a
ca
rrier
based di
spo
s
i
t
ion method (PDPWM, PO
DPWM a
nd
A
P
ODPWM) is mostly used
for MLI [6-9].
In this pap
er, a MATLAB/
SIMULINK
a
nalysi
s
of th
e T
H
D an
d
Modulatio
n i
ndex
com
parison
betwe
en th
e
APOD SPWM control
st
ra
tegy and
a
ca
rrie
r
ove
r
la
ppi
ng P
W
M
strat
egy for a
5 le
vel
CHB MLI with
redu
ced p
o
wer switch
es i
s
presented.
2. Res
earc
h
Method
2.1. Casc
ade
H-bridg
e
Multile
v
e
l In
verter
Below is the
gene
ral blo
ck diagra
m
of multilevel inverter
Figure 1. Gen
e
ral blo
c
k dia
g
ram of MLI
In gene
ral, Cascad
ed H-b
r
idge MLI ha
s two co
nf
igurations n
a
mel
y
asymmetri
c
al CHB M
L
I and
symmetri
c
al CHB
MLI.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 25
02-4
752
IJEECS
Vol.
1, No. 2, February 201
6 : 221 – 228
222
2.1.1. As
y
m
metrical CHB MLI
Asymmetri
c
al
ca
scad
ed
H-bri
dge
multil
evel inverte
r
.
The
s
e
are
CHB
MLI in
whi
c
h
at
least
one
of t
he d
c
su
pply
sou
r
ce p
r
e
s
e
n
ts differ
ent a
m
plitude, that
is
H-bri
dge
cells
are
not fe
d
by equal voltage and th
e arm cell
s have diffe
rent effect on the output voltage steps.
Asymmetri
c
al
MLI is illustrated with
five levels in the figure below.
Figure 3. 7-le
vel asymmetrical CHB MLI
2.1.2. Sy
mmetrical CHB MLI
Symmetrical
ca
scade
d H-bridg
e
multile
vel inve
rter are the one in
whi
c
h the am
plitude of
the entire d
c
sup
p
ly sou
r
ce to each
H-b
r
idge
cell
s is
equal [4].
Figure 2. 5-le
vel symmetrical CHB MLI
For exam
ple,
each level
can gen
erate f
i
ve different voltage outpu
ts ±2V
dc
, ±1V
dc
, and
0V
dc
by switching the different switches on and
off.
The output volt
age of a mult
ilevel inverter is
the sum of all
the individual
inverter outp
u
ts.
⋯
⁄
(
1
)
Whe
r
e:
V
an
= 1
-
Ø
voltag
e outp
u
t, V
a1…an
= Output
Voltage
of in
dividual m
o
d
u
les, x
=
num
ber of
levels.
The Fou
r
ie
r transfo
rm for t
he step
ped
waveform is ex
pre
s
sed a
s
:
V(
ω
t)=
π
Σ
[c
os(n
θ
1
)+
cos(
n
θ
2
)+
...+
c
o
s(n
θ
s
)]sin(
n
ω
t)/n
(2)
Whe
r
e n
=
1
, 3, 5, 7,
.,.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJEECS
ISSN:
2502-4
752
A Overl
appi
n
g
Carrie
r Based SPWM for a 5-Le
ve
l Ca
scade
d H-bri
dge… (K
ure
v
e D. Teryim
a)
223
Each H-b
r
idg
e
unit genera
t
es a stairca
s
e wa
vefo
rm
by phase
-
sh
ifting its positive and
negative p
h
a
s
e
swit
chin
g
timings. Fu
rt
her, e
a
ch
swi
t
ching
MOSF
ET alway
s
condu
cts fo
r 1
8
0
˚
(or half
cycle
)
rega
rdle
ss
of the pul
se
width of
th
e
qua
si-squ
are
wave
so
tha
t
this
switchi
ng
method re
sul
t
s in equali
z
i
ng the cu
rre
nt stress
in
each active device. Ca
scaded H-b
r
idg
e
topology is
ch
ose
n
for this
pape
r.
2.2. Adv
a
ntages of
Casc
aded H-brid
ge MLI
The advanta
g
e
s of CHB MLI configu
r
ati
on are [3]:
a)
Stairca
s
e
wa
ve form qualit
y which r
edu
ces ele
c
tro
m
a
gnetic
comp
a
c
tibilty.
b)
Modula
r
ity of control ca
n b
e
achi
eved.
c)
Req
u
ire
s
le
ss num
ber of
comp
onent
s to achieve
the sam
e
nu
mber of out
put
voltage levels.
d)
Dra
w
s input current with lo
w disto
r
tion.
2.3. Disadv
a
ntag
es of
Ca
scade
d
H-bri
dge MLI
The disadvan
tages of CHB
MLI configu
r
ation are [3]:
a)
Comm
uni
cati
on b
e
twe
e
n
the full
-bri
dge
s i
s
req
u
ired
to achieve
th
e syn
c
h
r
o
n
ization
of refere
nce and the carrie
r wavefo
rms.
b)
Nee
d
s
sep
a
rate dc sources for real p
o
we
r co
nversions, an
d thu
s
its appli
c
ati
ons
are some
wh
a
t
limited.
2.4. T
y
pes of Carrier ba
se
d SPWM Tec
hniques
There a
r
e
different
form
s
o
f
modul
ation t
e
ch
ni
qu
es for MLI. G
ene
ral
l
y, in the
pul
se wi
dth
modulatio
n tech
niqu
e, two signal
s are
used, one
i
s
refe
ren
c
e signal and the
other is ca
rrier
sign
al [8]
.
This p
ape
r a
pplied
ca
rrie
r
based PWM
techni
que
s t
o
the CHB-M
L
I by usin
g multiple
carrie
r
wavef
o
rm
s a
n
d
a
sin
u
soidal
referen
c
e
wa
ve form
[10-12]. The
nu
mber of
ca
rrier
waveforms required to
p
r
odu
ce
Y le
vel output i
s
(x-1
), where x is th
e n
u
mbe
r
of
ca
rrie
r
waveforms
[8].
The
sinu
soid
al refe
ren
c
e
waveform ha
s pe
ak
amplit
ude A
m
an
d a
modulatin
g freque
ncy
f
m
. The triang
ular
ca
rrie
r
waveform
s hav
e a pe
ak
am
plitude A
c
an
d frequ
en
cy f
c
. The sin
u
soi
dal
referen
c
e sig
nal is co
ntinu
ously compa
r
ed with
all the triangul
ar carri
er wavefo
rms. When
ever
the sin
u
soida
l
referen
c
e
si
gnal/waveform is g
r
e
a
ter than
the ca
rri
er sign
al,
a modulate
d
p
u
lse
width is g
ene
rated. The m
odulatio
n freq
uen
cy ratio m
f
is given as:
.
(3)
The followi
ng
are Ca
rri
er b
a
se
d Overla
p
p
ing SPWM
strategie
s
:
1) Ca
rri
er Ov
erlap
p
ing Ph
ase
Dispo
s
ition PWM st
rat
egy (CO-PD
PWM):
If all carrie
r
s
sele
cted hav
e the same p
hase,
the method is ph
ase disp
ositio
n method. It
is gen
erally accepte
d
tha
t
this method
gives
ri
se t
o
the lowest
harmo
nic
di
stortion i
n
hi
gher
modulatio
n in
dice
s. Figu
re
4 sho
w
s the ar
rang
ement
pha
se di
spo
s
i
t
ion PWM me
thod.
Figure 4. Arra
ngeme
n
t of carri
er ove
r
la
p
p
ing ph
ase di
spo
s
ition PWM method
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 25
02-4
752
IJEECS
Vol.
1, No. 2, February 201
6 : 221 – 228
224
Figure 4
de
pi
cts th
e
Ca
rrie
r
ove
r
lap
p
ing
PD
P
W
M
techniqu
e (CO
-
PD PWM),
where
the
carrie
rs with
the
same
freq
uen
cy f
c
and
pea
k am
plitu
de A
c
a
r
e a
r
range
d such t
hat they ove
r
l
ap
each other [5]
.
2) Ca
rri
er Ov
erlap
p
ing Ph
ase O
ppo
sitio
n
Dispo
s
ition
PWM strateg
y
(CO-P
O
D P
W
M):
The ca
rrier
waves in the p
o
sitive plan
e are 18
0
o
out of phase with
those in the
negative pla
n
e
.
There is no h
a
rmo
n
ic at th
e carrie
r freq
uen
cy
and its multiples an
d the disp
ersi
on of harm
oni
c
occurs a
r
ou
n
d
them.
Figure 5. Arra
ngeme
n
t of carri
er ove
r
lap
p
ing POD P
W
M metho
d
3)
Carrie
r O
v
erlappi
ng Al
ternate Ph
ase Opp
o
sitio
n
Dispo
s
ition
PWM st
rateg
y
(CO
-
APOD PWM):
Each
ca
rrie
r
i
n
this m
e
thod
is ph
ase shifted by 180
0
from its adjacent
c
a
rrier. It is s
i
milar
to phase opp
osition di
sp
osition. Figure 6
sho
w
s the ov
erlap
p
ing
carrier APOD PWM strategy.
Figure 6. The
arra
ngem
ent
of carri
er ove
r
lappi
ng APO
D PWM meth
od
Amplitude m
odulatio
n ind
e
x for
Carrie
r Overla
ppin
g
PD PWM, P
O
D P
W
M, an
d APOD
PWM is
:
(
4
)
2.5. Simulation Model
The
ca
scade
d 5
-
level
sing
le ph
ase
CHB MLI u
s
ed
for thi
s
im
ple
m
entation
ha
s two
d
c
sou
r
ces a
nd
six swit
che
s
as sho
w
n in
Figure 7.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJEECS
ISSN:
2502-4
752
A Overl
appi
n
g
Carrie
r Based SPWM for a 5-Le
ve
l Ca
scade
d H-bri
dge… (K
ure
v
e D. Teryim
a)
225
Figure 7. 5-le
vel single p
h
a
s
e CHB-M
L
I
The main
adv
antage of thi
s
type of arran
gement
i
s
its
simpli
city and
improvem
ent
of th
e
output voltag
e resolution
with red
u
ced
numbe
r of co
mpone
nts [11
]
.
2.5.1. Opera
t
ion of Cas
c
a
d
ed H-bridg
e
of Fiv
e
-le
v
el MLI Topolog
y
In an individ
ual H-bri
dge,
the output
voltage is p
o
sitive voltage
(+V
dc
), z
e
ro
v
o
ltage
(0V
dc
) a
nd
ne
gative voltag
e (-V
dc
). Hen
c
e th
e d
e
si
re
d outp
u
t voltage l
e
vels fo
r Five-l
evel
CHB
MLI are ±2V, ±1V, and 0V.
The switchi
n
g
states for the
voltage levels are p
r
e
s
e
n
ted as
sho
w
n i
n
the table be
low:
Table 1. Swit
chin
g state
s
of modified 5-level CHB ML
I
S
w
itching seq
u
e
nces
Voltage
le
v
e
ls
S
1
S
2
S
3
S
4
S
5
S
6
0 1 0
1 0
1
+2V
dc
0 1 1
1 0
0
+1V
dc
1 1 1
0 0
0
0V
dc
1 0 0
0 1
1
-1V
dc
1 0 1
0 1
0
-2V
dc
The a
bove
ci
rcuit
diag
ram
in Fig
u
re
7
and it
s switching
state in
Table
1
hav
e be
en
modified to avoid switchin
g loss a
nd un
necessa
ry
co
st
.
This C
H
B
MLI
wit
h
six
swit
ch
es an
d t
w
o
batterie
s
will
improve ou
tput waveform and
red
u
c
e total harmonic di
stort
i
on. One of the
disting
u
ishing
feature
s
of the above
circuit is t
hat it can b
e
u
s
ed
as seven lev
e
l and five le
vel
CHB
MLI respectively, by
makin
g
the
two
dc i
nput
voltages t
o
b
e
different (asymmet
r
ic)
and
make the t
w
o
dc input voltage equ
al (symmetric).
2.6. Propose
d
Ov
erlappin
g
APODP
W
M Technique
The n
e
w switchin
g techniq
ue de
ployed
for th
is pa
per is the
carrier ba
sed
overl
appin
g
APOD PWM
with non
-zero
overlap. Th
e
strategy u
s
e
d
in this form
of techniq
u
e
is a modifie
d
overlap
p
ing
APODPWM t
e
ch
niqu
e alre
ady kno
w
n. It
involves pla
c
ing the tri
a
n
gular
sign
als in
overlap
p
ing
mode with
out
cro
s
sing the
zero time
axis. They are
a
ligned b
o
th in
the positive and
negative pla
n
e
s re
sp
ectivel
y
. This is illustrated a
s
sho
w
n in the Fig
u
re bel
ow:
D
i
scr
e
t
e
,
Ts
= 5
e
-
0
0
5
s
.
V
o
l
t
age M
e
as
ur
e
m
ent
v
+
-
S
e
r
i
es
R
L
C
B
r
an
c
h
Sc
o
p
e
4
Mo
s
f
e
t
5
g
m
D
S
Mo
s
f
e
t
4
g
m
D
S
Mo
s
f
e
t
3
g
m
D
S
Mo
s
f
e
t
2
g
m
D
S
Mo
s
f
e
t
1
g
m
D
S
Mo
s
f
e
t
g
m
D
S
Fr
o
m
5
[C
1
]
Fr
o
m
4
[C
]
Fr
o
m
3
[
not
B
1
]
Fr
o
m
2
[
not
B
]
Fr
o
m
1
[A1
]
Fr
o
m
[A
]
DC
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
2
DC V
o
l
t
a
g
e
1
d
oubl
e
bo
olea
n
b
ool
ean
bo
ole
a
n
bo
ole
a
n
bo
olea
n
b
ool
ean
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 25
02-4
752
IJEECS
Vol.
1, No. 2, February 201
6 : 221 – 228
226
Figure 8. The
arra
ngem
ent
of the pr
opo
sed ca
rri
er ove
r
lappi
ng APO
D PWM
This fo
rm of
swit
chin
g is
carri
ed o
u
t at a
ca
rri
er freq
uen
cy of 5
kHz
and
a fun
damental
freque
ncy of 50 Hz.
3. Resul
t
s
and
Analy
s
is
Simulation of
the sug
g
e
s
te
d
mo
dulation
techni
que
s
fo
r comp
ari
s
on
for a CHB
M
L
I
with
redu
ce
d
swit
che
s
i
s
ca
rrie
d
out u
s
in
g
MATLAB/
SIMULINK and
the
follo
wing
para
m
eters were
use
d
: V
dc
=1
00V, f
c
=
5 kH
z and f
m
=
5
0
H
z
,
M
a
=1.0
. The Simul
a
ted
control te
chni
que
s, O
u
tput
Voltage wave
form an
d FF
T analy
s
is
of the 5-
level CHB-MLI usin
g
both
the CO
-APOD and
t
he
prop
osed CO
-APOD PWM
are presente
d
.
Figure 10. Re
feren
c
e an
d carri
er fre
que
n
c
y sign
al of CO-APO
D
Figure 11. Re
feren
c
e an
d carri
er fre
que
n
c
y sign
al of propo
se
d CO
-APOD
0
0.
0
0
2
0.
0
0
4
0.
00
6
0.
008
0.
01
0.
012
0.
014
0.
016
0.
018
0.
0
2
-2
-1
.
5
-1
-0
.
5
0
0.
5
1
1.
5
2
0
0.002
0.004
0.006
0.00
8
0.01
0.
01
2
0.
01
4
0.016
0.018
0.
02
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJEECS
ISSN:
2502-4
752
A Overl
appi
n
g
Carrie
r Based SPWM for a 5-Le
ve
l Ca
scade
d H-bri
dge… (K
ure
v
e D. Teryim
a)
227
The
referen
c
e si
gnal
bein
g
supe
r imp
o
s
ed
on th
e
si
x carrie
r
sign
als
are
ge
nerated via
logic combi
n
a
t
ion in SIMULINK and are
use
d
for
switchin
g the gates of the power MOSFETS
.
A
point to
note
is that
for the
propo
se
d
CO-APO
D, th
e
r
e i
s
no
overl
ap a
c
ro
ss the
ze
ro
time
axes.
The uniq
uen
ess of the propo
se
d CO
-APOD m
odul
ation schem
e adopted h
e
rein i
s
that it
distrib
u
tes th
e load evenly
acro
ss the switchi
ng com
pone
nts there
b
y redu
ce swi
t
ching lo
sse
s
.
Figure 12. Ou
tput waveform of 5-level singl
e ph
ase
CHB MLI in SIMULINK fo
r CO
-APOD
Figure 13.Out
put waveform
of 5-levels si
ngle ph
ase CHB MLI in SIMULINK fo
r p
r
opo
se
d
CO-APOD
Figure 14. FF
T analysi
s
of THD fo
r 5-lev
e
l
CHB MLI u
s
i
ng CO
-APO
D
Figure 15. FF
T analysi
s
of THD fo
r 5-lev
e
l
CHB MLI u
s
i
ng pro
p
o
s
ed
CO
-APOD
0
0.0
1
0.
02
0.
03
0.
04
0.
05
0.
06
0.
07
0.
08
0.
09
0.
1
-6
0
-4
0
-2
0
0
20
40
60
0
0.01
0.02
0.0
3
0.04
0.
0
5
0.0
6
0.07
0.
0
8
0.0
9
0.1
-
200
-
150
-
100
-5
0
0
50
100
150
200
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 25
02-4
752
IJEECS
Vol.
1, No. 2, February 201
6 : 221 – 228
228
The ab
ove g
r
aph
rep
r
e
s
e
n
ts the THD of the 5-level singl
e pha
se CHB MLI
for the
different mod
u
lation techni
que
s.
In the CO
-AP
O
D, the eve
n
orde
r h
a
rm
o
n
ics ar
e elimi
nated a
s
sho
w
n in
Figu
re
14 but in
the propo
se
d
CO
-APOD
F
FT analy
s
is
as
sho
w
n
in
Figure 15, th
e even
ord
e
r harm
oni
cs a
r
e
compl
e
tely eliminated.
4. Conclu
sion
This p
ape
r
sug
g
e
s
ts a
novel PWM
techni
que u
s
ing overl
appi
ng APOD P
W
M for
swit
ching pul
s
es of
a
5 level Cascaded Multile
vel
Inverter with
redu
ced
num
ber of
H-b
r
id
ges
while p
r
od
ucing de
sire
d multilevel voltage
output.
Simulation
using MAT
L
AB/SIMULINK
softwa
r
e
wa
s perfo
rme
d
to
sh
ow the
su
gge
sted te
ch
nique
for
CO
-APOD P
W
M
perfo
rmed
be
tter
with a THD of
34.44 % as compa
r
ed to the co
nventio
nal CO
-APO
D PWM with
a THD
of 39.76%
Referen
ces
[1]
F
Z
Peng, JS Lai. Multi
l
eve
l
converters, A
ne
w
br
ee
d of po
w
e
r Electro
n
ics conv
erter
s
.
IEEE Trans
Industries Ap
pl
icatio
n
. 200
3: 1098-
110
7.
[2]
J Rodriguez, JS Lai,
F
Z
Pen
g
. Multilev
e
l In
verter; A surve
y
top
o
l
o
g
y
co
n
t
rol an
d ap
plic
ation.
IE
EE
T
r
ans Industria
l Electron
ics
. 2003: 72
4-7
38.
[3]
Kumar Jag
d
is
h.
T
HD Anal
ysis for differe
nt levels
of c
a
scad
e
multil
e
v
el inv
e
rter for industri
a
ls
app
licati
ons.
IJETAE
. 2012: 20-3
0
.
[4]
M Kavitha, A
Arunkum
ar, N
Gokuln
ath, S
Arun. Ne
w
cas
c
ade
d H-
brid
g
e
multi
l
eve
l
i
n
v
e
rter topo
lo
g
y
w
i
t
h
red
u
ced
n
u
mber of s
w
itc
hes an
d sourc
e
s.
JEEE.
2012: 26-36.
[5]
G Prem Su
nd
er, B Sh
anth
i
,
ALame
h
i
Nac
h
iap
pan,
S
P
N
a
trajan. P
e
rform
ance
Ana
l
ysis
of mod
i
fied
CHB MLI usin
g
various carr
ier
modul
ation sc
hemes.
IJESA
. 2013; 3(5): 3
1
0
-31
6
.
[6]
E Sambath, SP Nataraj
an, CR Balam
u
ru
g
an. Pe
rforman
c
e Evalu
a
tion
of Multi Carrie
r
Based PW
M
T
e
chniques
for
Sin
g
le
Ph
ase
F
i
ve L
e
vel
H-B
r
idg
e
T
y
pe
F
C
MLI.
IOSR Jou
r
nal
of E
ngi
ne
erin
g.
2
012
;
2(7): 82-9
0
.
[7]
Vina
ya
ka BC,
S Nag
endr
a
Prasad. Mo
del
ing
and
des
ig
n of 5-l
e
vel
C
H
B MLI
w
i
th
dc/dc bo
ost
converter.
Inter
natio
nal j
our
nal
of Engine
eri
n
g
research a
nd
Appl
icatio
n.
20
14.
[8]
R Raj
e
sh, M B
a
las
ubtama
n
i,
J Go
w
r
ish
anka
r
. Ne
w
l
y c
onstr
ucted si
ngl
e p
hase
m
u
ltil
evel
inverter f
o
r
d
i
stri
bu
te
d
en
ergy
re
so
u
r
ce
s.
IJET
. 2013: 14
45-1
452.
[9]
Upva
n T
a
mrakar, CS Sharm
a
, Sudh
ir Ph
ul
ambrik
ar. A
nal
ysis
an
d simu
l
a
tion
of sin
g
le
phas
e a
n
d
three ph
ase se
ven lev
e
l inv
e
rter.
Internatio
na
l Journ
a
l for Sci
entific R
e
sear
ch and D
e
ve
lo
pment
. 2
014;
2(7).
[1
0
]
Eb
ra
hi
m Ba
baci
.
A ca
sca
de
d mu
l
t
i
l
e
ve
l
co
nve
r
ter topo
log
y
w
i
t
h
red
u
ce
d
numb
e
r of s
w
it
ches.
IEEE
T
r
ans on Pow
e
r Electronics
. 2
008
l; 23(6).
[11]
C Kann
an, CK
Kishor
e. A Com
parisi
on of T
h
ree Ph
ase 2
7
Leve
l
Inverter Scheme u
n
d
e
r No Loa
d an
d
Multipl
e
Lo
ad
Con
d
itio
ns.
Bul
l
etin of Electric
al Eng
i
ne
eri
ng
and Infor
m
atic
s.
2014; 3(4): 2
45-2
50.
[12]
Suroso, A
gun
g Mub
y
a
r
to, T
o
shi
h
iko
No
gu
chi, A D
i
fferen
t
Singl
e-Ph
ase
H
y
bri
d
F
i
ve-
L
evel V
o
lta
g
e
Source Inverte
r
Using DC-V
o
l
t
age Mod
u
l
e
s.
TEL
K
OMNIKA
. 2014; 1
2
(3): 5
57-5
62.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.