Indonesi
an
Journa
l
of
El
ect
ri
cal Engineer
ing
an
d
Comp
ut
er
Scie
nce
Vo
l.
1
3
,
No.
3
,
M
arch
201
9
, p
p.
8
7
6
~
8
83
IS
S
N: 25
02
-
4752, DO
I: 10
.11
591/ijeecs
.v1
3
.i
3
.pp
8
7
6
-
8
83
876
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core.c
om/j
ourn
als/i
ndex.
ph
p/ij
eecs
Des
i
gn a
nd
imp
lementatio
n of embedd
ed auto
car parkin
g
system u
sing FP
GA for
em
erge
n
cy condi
ti
ons
Kho
r
J
in
g Y
ong
,
M
uat
az
H. Salih
School
of
Com
p
ute
r and
Com
m
unic
a
ti
on
Engi
ne
e
ring,
Univ
ersit
i
Malay
s
ia Perl
is
(
UniMA
P)
,
Malay
sia
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Sep
23
, 201
8
Re
vised N
ov
5
, 2018
Accepte
d Dec
2
8
, 201
8
An
aut
om
at
ic
ca
r
par
k
ing
s
y
stem
using
FPGA
base
d
on
emerge
n
c
y
condi
ti
ons
was
p
roposed
to
de
te
c
t
the
d
rive
r’s
co
ndit
ion
and
per
f
orm
spec
ific
ta
sks
such
as
warn
the
drive
r
s
and
aut
om
at
ic
par
king
depends
on
the
beha
vior
of
the
drive
r.
Long
jo
urne
y
drivi
ng
o
n
highwa
y
will
le
ad
loss
of
conc
en
tra
t
ion
of
drive
r
quic
kl
y
a
nd
al
so
ca
use
the
drive
r
doze
of
f.
Based
on
stat
isti
cs,
drive
r
te
nds
to
fal
l
asle
ep
m
ore
on
high
-
spee
d,
lo
ng,
borin
g
highwa
y
.
Mos
t
cra
shes
occ
ur
bet
wee
n
4.
00
a.
m
-
6.
00a
.
m
and
m
idni
ght
12.
00a.
m
ti
l
l
2
.
0
0a.
m
.
Beside
s,
h
ea
rt
a
tt
a
ck
durin
g
drivi
ng
will
als
o
har
m
to
othe
r
ro
ad
users
.
Th
e
risk
o
f
a
c
ci
den
t
wil
l
in
crease
due
to
the
se
condi
t
ions.
In
thi
s
pape
r
,
au
t
om
at
ic
ca
r
p
ark
i
ng
sy
st
em
using
FP
GA
base
d
on
emerge
n
c
y
condi
ti
ons
was
p
roposed
to
de
te
c
t
the
d
rive
r’s
co
ndit
ion
and
per
f
orm
spec
ific
ta
sks
such
as
warn
the
drive
r
s
and
aut
om
at
ic
par
king
depends
on
the
beha
vior
of
the
drive
r.
At
the
sam
e
ti
m
es,
this
sy
st
em
ca
n
a
void
al
l
th
e
obstac
l
es
and
cars
on
the
roa
d
from
ti
m
e
to
ti
m
e.
Input
dat
a
m
anagem
ent
uni
t
was
designe
d
as
cont
rol
unit
for
input
dat
a
sensors
of
input
and
output
cont
rol
.
Main
p
roc
essing
was
designe
d
as
spe
ed
con
trol
l
er
an
d
al
so
the
stee
ring
cont
rol
l
er.
Spe
ed
cont
r
oll
er
used
to
c
ontrol
th
e
spee
d
of
vehi
c
l
e
while
drivi
ng
on
the
roa
d
b
y
detec
t
i
ng
the
obsta
cl
es.
Ste
eri
ng
co
ntrol
ler
was
designe
d
to
con
trol
aut
om
atic
c
ar
par
king
and
al
so
assisted
with
sensors
aro
und
the
vehicle
s.
Sensors
w
ere
t
este
d
wi
th
m
an
y
m
at
er
ials
so
tha
t
th
e
s
y
stem c
an
fle
x
i
ble
with
an
y
con
dit
ions.
Th
e
tot
a
l
of
1083
logi
c
el
e
m
ent
s a
nd
676
reg
iste
rs
bei
ng
used
in
th
is
proje
ct
and
up
to
1.
6GH
z
as
oper
at
in
g
fre
quency
.
The
complet
e
design
is
abl
e
to
avoid
obstac
le
s
surr
ounding
of
host
vehi
cles
an
d
par
ked
at
a
safe
ar
ea
au
toma
ti
c
al
l
y
a
fte
r
h
eart
at
t
ac
k
of
drive
r
d
etec
t
ed.
The
n,
GS
M
send
GP
S c
oordina
t
i
on
to
hospi
ta
l
.
Ke
yw
or
ds:
Au
t
om
atic car
parkin
g
Em
bed
ded syst
e
m
FPGA
syst
em
d
esi
gn
sens
or
s
Sm
art car
Copyright
©
201
9
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Muat
az Ham
eed S
al
ih
,
School
of Com
pu
te
r
a
nd Com
m
un
ic
at
ion
Enginee
rin
g,
Un
i
ver
sit
i M
al
ay
sia
Per
li
s (U
niMAP
),
Level
1
Pa
uh
Com
pu
s, 026
00
Ar
a
u, Perlis,
Ma
la
ysi
a.
Em
a
il
:
m
uataz
ham
eed@g
m
ail.co
m
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Nowa
days,
c
urre
nt
D
rive
r
Assistance
Syst
e
m
(D
AS)
was
desig
ne
d
for
c
om
fo
rtabl
e
an
d
safety
dr
i
ving
[
1].
T
he
m
os
t
popula
r
DAS
is
the
s
m
art
car
parki
ng
syst
e
m
by
us
in
g
se
nsors
t
o
detect
s
urrou
nd
i
ng
car.
H
oweve
r,
there
is
a
lot
of
i
m
pr
ovem
ent
fo
r
DAS
inclu
ding
cr
uise
co
ntr
ol,
autom
at
i
c
nav
igati
on
s
yst
e
m
,
la
ne
de
par
t
ur
e
warnin
g,
et
c.
[
2].
Lo
ng
j
our
ne
y
dr
ivi
ng
on
highway
will
le
ad
loss
of
co
ncen
t
rati
on
of
dr
i
ver
qu
ic
kly
an
d
al
so
ca
us
e
the
dr
iver
doze
off.
Be
sides,
hea
rt
at
ta
ck
duri
ng
dri
ving
will
al
so
har
m
to
oth
e
r
r
oa
d
us
ers
[
3].
The
risk
of
acci
dent
will
increase
du
e
to
these
c
onditi
ons.
The
refor
e
,
this
sys
tem
will
be
de
sign
e
d
to
detect
the
dri
ver’s
co
ndit
ion
a
nd
perf
orm
sp
eci
fic
ta
s
ks
su
c
h
as
wa
r
n
the
dri
ve
rs
and
a
uto
m
at
ic
parkin
g
dep
e
nds
on
the
beh
a
vior
of
th
e
dr
ive
r.
At
th
e
sa
m
e
tim
es,
t
his
syst
e
m
can
avo
i
d
al
l
the
ob
sta
cl
es
an
d
cars
on
the roa
d
f
r
om
t
i
m
e to ti
m
e [4
, 5]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Desig
n a
nd im
pleme
nta
ti
on
of
em
be
dded
aut
o
c
ar
parki
ng s
yst
em usi
ng F
PGA
f
or
…
(
Kh
or
Ji
ng Y
ong
)
877
Re
cent
pa
per
a
nd
r
esea
rch
h
a
ve
f
oc
us
ed
on
t
he
dri
ve
r
assist
ance
syst
em
.
The
com
par
is
on
f
or
va
rio
us
m
edical
diagnose
inst
ru
m
ent
li
ke
EEG
,
EC
G,
GS
R
a
nd
P
PG
for
dr
ow
si
ness
detect
ion
is
propose
d
by
m
any
researc
he
r
s
[
6
-
11
]
.
I
n
-
ea
r
E
E
G
has
t
he
high
est
accu
racy
to
detect
drowsi
ness
i
f
c
om
par
ed
to
GS
R,
PP
G
a
nd
ECG.
T
he
to
r
qu
e
c
oncept
i
s
i
m
ple
m
ente
d
into
ste
e
rin
g
to
rque
c
on
t
ro
l
to
pr
e
ve
nt
la
ne
de
par
t
ure
al
so
inv
est
igate
d
[12,
13]
.
This
m
et
hod
de
finite
ly
will
be
on
e
of
ap
proac
h
of
adv
a
nce
dr
i
ve
r
assist
ance
syst
e
m
in
the
fu
t
ur
e.
T
he
com
bin
at
ion
of
la
ser
ra
ng
e
find
e
r
an
d
cam
era
by
us
ing
HOG
an
d
SVM
is
i
m
p
lem
e
nted
t
o
reduce
t
he
nu
m
ber
of
com
pu
ta
ti
on
al
proc
esses
of
capt
ured
im
age
and
m
akes
the
sy
stem
m
or
e
ef
f
ic
ie
nt.
Be
sides,
t
his wi
ll
incr
ease t
he
sp
ee
d of
t
he
sy
stem
in
orde
r
t
o pr
e
ve
nt host
veh
ic
le
s
from
crash
i
ng [1
4
-
16]
.
Ther
e
is
seve
r
al
el
ect
ro
nic
c
om
po
ne
nts
use
d
f
or
ef
fici
ent
m
on
it
or
in
g
and
al
so
ve
hi
cl
e
con
tr
ol
includi
ng
in
fr
a
red
sens
ors,
he
art
beat
detec
tor,
GPS,
GSM
and
A
r
du
i
no
Uno
R
3
[16
]
.
De1
-
S
oC
w
hich
is
FPGA
play
s
im
po
rtant
ro
le
s as
con
tr
ol
unit
and
m
ai
n
pr
oc
essing
un
it
.
De
1
-
S
oC
co
ns
ist
s
of
8
c
hannel
of
ADC
at
a
rate
of
500
KS
P
S
to
r
ecei
ve
the
in
put
sens
or
s
dat
a.
All
the
input
data
sens
or
s
will
be
proc
essed
con
c
urre
n
tl
y.
Ma
in
proce
ssing
unit
will
c
ontr
ol
the
s
pee
d
ve
hicle
s
due
t
o
the
dista
nce
of
host
veh
ic
le
an
d
the
ob
sta
cl
es
on
t
he
r
oa
d.
Infr
a
red
sens
ors
use
d
to
m
easur
e
distances
bet
ween
host
ve
hicle
s
an
d
obs
ta
cl
es.
Hear
t beat dete
ct
or
u
se
d
t
o
de
te
ct
the
healt
hy
pro
blem
of
d
ri
ver. G
PS
an
d GSM wor
ks
t
oget
he
r
with A
r
du
i
no.
GP
S
us
ed
for
local
iz
at
ion
an
d
GS
M
will
send
the
c
oor
din
at
e
of
ho
st
ve
hicle
s
of
hos
pital
wh
en
th
e
re
is
a
healt
hy
pro
blem
with
dr
ive
r
s
after
the
car
parke
d
at
a
safe
area.
H
ow
e
ve
r,
A
rdui
no
act
s
li
ke
an
off
chip
m
odule.
2.
RESEA
R
CH MET
HO
D
Accor
ding
to
l
it
eratur
e
re
vie
w,
dr
i
ver
assis
ta
nce
syst
e
m
play
s
an
im
po
rtant
r
ole
in
usual
li
fe
f
or
com
fo
rtable
dr
iving
e
nv
i
ron
m
ent
and
safe
ty
of
dr
ive
r.
Current
dri
ve
r
assist
ance
syst
e
m
is
designed
with
sever
al
featu
re
s
inclu
ding
au
tom
a
ti
c
nav
iga
ti
on
syst
em
,
c
ru
ise
c
on
t
ro
l,
autom
at
ic
par
king,
la
ne
de
pa
rture
warnin
g,
la
ne
change
assist
,
et
c.
H
oweve
r,
m
os
t
the
curre
nt
dri
ve
r
as
sist
ance
syst
em
that
has
bee
n
de
signe
d
did
not
re
du
c
e
the
m
os
t
of
acci
de
nt
ca
us
e
wh
ic
h
is
dro
wsin
es
s
of
dri
ve
r
a
nd
su
dde
n
hear
t
at
ta
ck.
Ther
e
f
or
e,
a
n
autom
at
ic
car
parkin
g
syst
em
us
ing
FP
G
A
base
d
on
em
erg
ency
co
ndit
ion
will
be
desig
ne
d
to
enh
a
nce
the
c
urre
nt
dr
i
ver
as
s
ist
ance
syst
e
m
.
In
a
dd
it
io
n,
th
is
proj
ect
base
d
FP
GA
us
i
ng
DE
1
-
S
oC
ha
ve
high
sp
ee
d
data pro
cessi
ng and l
ower
cons
um
pti
on.
De1
-
S
oC
boa
r
d
is
one
of
th
e
FPGA
dev
el
op
m
ent
platfo
r
m
s
wh
ic
h
com
m
on
ly
us
ed
f
or
pro
j
ect
of
var
ie
ty
sens
or
s
.
This
is
beca
use
of
D
E1
-
S
oC
con
sist
s
of
8
channel
of
A
DC
at
a
rate
of
500
KSPS
to
receive
m
ul
ti
ple
inp
ut
sens
or
s
data.
Be
sides,
it
al
so
co
ns
ist
s
of
64MB
SD
R
AM
on
FP
GA
a
nd
1G
B
DD
R
3
S
DRAM
ON HPS.
I
t i
s
su
it
able f
or em
bedde
d
s
of
t
pr
ocess
or
s
w
it
h
85K pro
gr
am
m
able lo
gic ele
m
ents.
2
.
1.
T
op
Le
ve
l Desig
n
To
p
le
vel
desi
gn
is
a
n
ov
e
r
view
of
a
syst
e
m
wh
ic
h
will
desc
ribe
the
op
e
rati
on
for
each
of
the
functi
onal
blo
c
k.
The
to
p
le
ve
l
design
dia
gr
a
m
fo
r
this
syste
m
con
sist
s
of
input
m
anag
er
input,
captu
re
log
ic
,
AD
C
c
on
tr
oller,
m
ai
n
pr
ocess
ing
unit
and
ot
her
s
as
s
how
n
in
Fig
ure
1.
Th
is
kin
d
of
de
sign
div
ide
s
the
entir
e
syst
e
m
into
sm
al
le
r
par
ts
and
m
or
e easi
ly
to
determ
ine the
connecti
vity
b
e
tween all
t
he
c
om
po
ne
nts.
2
.
2
.
S
e
nsors
Te
sting
Ther
e
a
re
var
i
ou
s
sens
ors
in
this
pro
j
ect
in
cl
ud
in
g
ultraso
nic
sens
or
an
d
ECG
sen
sors.
Sensors
of
this
proj
ect
are
detect
ed
hear
t
beat
and
d
ist
an
ce.
Test
ing
pro
cedure
is
neces
sary
to
al
l
senso
rs
to
m
ake
su
re
the
functi
onal
it
y
of
sens
or.
O
utput
of
se
nsors
us
ua
ll
y
is
el
ec
tro
nic
sign
al
wh
ic
h
is
volt
age
but
al
so
co
uld
be
current,
fre
que
ncy
an
d
ph
ase
.
Digital
stora
ge
os
ci
ll
os
c
op
e
(D
S
O
)
is
one
of
t
he
be
st
instru
m
ents
to
obs
erv
e
,
m
easur
e
an
d
tr
oubles
hoot
the
el
ect
rical
signa
l
wh
ic
h
pro
du
ced
by
se
nsors
.
Test
ing
proce
dure
is
nece
ssa
ry
to
m
ake
su
re
the
detect
ion
of
re
al
wo
rld
par
a
m
et
ers
by
senso
rs
is
accurate
with
the
el
ectr
ic
al
sign
al
whic
h
is
unde
rstan
dab
le
by
syst
e
m
i
ts
el
f.
Sig
nal
co
ndit
ion
in
g
ci
rc
ui
t
is
need
ed
to
i
m
pr
ov
e
sta
bi
li
ty
and
qu
al
it
y
of
syst
e
m
b
y i
nd
i
cat
e and sto
rin
g
the
sig
nal
whic
h
pr
oduce
d b
y sens
or
s
.
2
.
3
.
A
D
C C
ontr
oller
AD
C
sta
nds
f
or
a
nalo
g
-
di
gital
con
ve
rter
and
c
onve
rts
t
he
anal
og
sig
nals
f
ro
m
senso
rs
su
c
h
a
s
distance est
im
a
te
d
by infrare
d sens
or
s a
nd
he
art b
eat
d
et
ect
or into digit
al
sign
al
s
wh
ic
h
ar
e u
nder
sta
ndab
le
b
y
m
os
t
of
the
process
or
s
.
T
he
analo
g
sign
al
s
are
usual
l
y
in
m
ea
su
rem
ent
of
vo
lt
age
a
nd
current.
AD
C
c
onver
te
d
this
m
easur
em
ent
to
dig
it
al
nu
m
ber
w
hich
is
us
ually
in
bi
nar
y
num
ber
.
Fo
r
i
nfrar
e
d
se
ns
ors
,
analo
g
volt
age
ou
t
pu
t
read
i
ng
of
ultra
soni
c
sens
or
s
will
get
la
rg
e
r
as
the
distance
betwee
n
ta
r
gets
with
sen
s
or
s
inc
reas
es.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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N
:
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on
esi
a
n
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E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
1
3
, N
o.
3
,
M
a
r
c
h
2019
:
8
7
6
–
8
8
3
878
Figure
1. To
p
l
evel d
e
sig
n of
e
m
bed
de
d
a
ut
om
at
ic
car
parki
ng
o
n
FP
GA ba
sed
for
em
ergency
con
diti
on
2
.
4
. Inpu
t D
ata Ma
nageme
n
t
U
nit
Inp
ut
data
m
anag
em
ent
un
it
act
as
a
central
un
it
bet
ween
AD
C
c
on
t
ro
ll
e
r
an
d
m
ai
n
pr
oc
essing
unit
.
Ma
in
pur
po
se
of
in
put
data
m
anag
em
ent
un
it
is
to
analy
ze
the
ECG
si
gn
al
f
r
om
dr
iver
duri
ng
high
sp
eed
dr
i
ving.
EC
G
sign
al
c
onsist
s
of
di
ff
e
ren
t
s
egm
ent
wh
ic
h
pro
vid
e
s
uffici
ent
in
form
at
io
n
a
bout
hear
t
fail
ure
and
al
s
o
hear
t
at
ta
ck.
Be
sides
,
al
l
the
el
ect
rical
s
ign
al
f
r
om
diff
e
re
nt
sens
or
s
ha
ve
diff
e
r
ent
f
or
m
at
,
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
and
tra
ns
fe
r
s
pe
ed
will
be
pr
ocesse
d
i
n
in
put
data
m
anag
e
m
ent
unit
Synchr
on
iz
at
io
n
process
will
be
carri
e
d
ou
t
i
n
in
put
da
ta
m
anag
em
ent
unit
towa
rds
di
ff
ere
nt
in
put
da
ta
from
diff
er
ent
sen
sors
w
hi
ch
tra
ns
fe
rr
e
d
from
AD
C
c
on
tr
oller.
The
si
gn
al
w
il
l
be
transf
er
r
ed
to
m
ai
n
pr
oc
essing
un
it
on
ce
the
synch
ronizat
ion
proces
s
was
finish
e
d.
As
c
on
cl
us
io
n,
in
put
data
m
anag
e
m
ent
un
it
rec
ei
ve
the
entire
sign
al
f
ro
m
AD
C
c
on
t
ro
ll
e
r
an
d
trans
fer
t
hose s
ign
al
to
m
ai
n
proces
sin
g un
it
on
ce
sync
hro
nizat
ion
process
was finis
hed.
2
.
5
.
M
ain Pr
oc
essing
Un
i
t
Ma
in
proce
ssing
unit
is
li
ke
a
co
re
of
e
ntire
syst
e
m
.
It
co
nsi
sts
of
3
m
ai
n
m
od
ules
w
hic
h
is
ste
eri
ng
con
t
ro
ll
er,
s
pe
ed
co
ntr
oller
and
al
s
o
ECG
analy
zer.
Stee
r
ing
c
on
tr
oller
us
e
d
to
co
ntr
ol
ste
ering
w
he
n
the
syst
e
m
is
at
a
uto
m
at
ic
car
p
ark
i
ng
m
od
e.
Sp
ee
d
co
ntr
oller
is
to
con
tr
ol
the
sp
eed
of
veh
ic
le
due
to
the
distances
of
obsta
cl
e.
ECG
analy
zer
is
to
analy
ze
an
d
e
ncode
the
EC
G
sig
nal
f
ro
m
dr
i
ver
int
o
diff
e
ren
t
pu
lsi
ng
si
gn
al
by
detect
ing
dr
i
ver’s
be
ha
vior
an
d
e
vent
ually
able
to
detect
hear
t
conditi
on
of
dr
i
ver.
Ma
in
pro
cessi
ng
unit
c
ollec
t
al
l
input
f
ro
m
each o
f
the
on
-
chip
m
odule
li
ke
AD
C
co
ntr
ol
le
r
an
d
t
hen
ge
ner
at
e
ou
t
pu
t
w
hich
s
ent
to
diff
e
re
nt
dev
ic
es.
Ma
in
pr
o
ce
ssin
g
un
it
will
carry
out
al
l
the
instruc
ti
on
by
perf
orm
ing
arit
hm
etic,
logi
cal
,
con
t
ro
l
a
nd
in
put/
ou
t
pu
t
op
e
rati
ons.
Fir
st
sta
ge,
m
ai
n
processi
ng
unit
colle
ct
s
al
l
th
e
data
of
diff
e
ren
t
on
chip
m
od
ule
from
inp
ut
dat
a
buff
e
r.
F
or
s
econd
sta
ge
,
it
will
in
te
rp
rets
the
inp
ut
da
ta
and
execu
te
s
pecif
ic
com
pu
ta
ti
on
al
for
each
of
in
put
data
li
ke
counters
,
arit
hm
et
ic
a
l,
log
ic
al
an
d
con
t
ro
l
op
e
rati
ons.
A
fter
c
om
pu
ta
ti
onal
is
finis
hed,
m
ai
n
processi
ng
un
it
will
store
the
outp
ut
da
ta
into
outp
ut
dat
a
buff
e
r w
hich r
e
ady to
be
t
ransfer
red to
outp
ut d
e
vices.
Pipeli
ning
te
ch
nique
us
e
d
in
this
pro
j
ect
.
Hi
gh
th
rou
ghput
of
syst
em
and
le
ss
con
s
um
pti
on
power
is
al
ways
the
co
m
m
on
needs
f
or
a
syst
em
.
Parall
el
com
pu
ti
ng
is
de
finite
ly
on
e
of
the
c
om
pu
ta
ti
on
al
wh
ic
h
com
m
on
ly
us
ed
in
FP
G
A
-
ba
sed
syst
em
.
Spat
ia
l
par
al
le
li
sm
us
ed
since
it
can
duplica
te
ha
rdwar
e
w
hi
ch
ca
n
perform
m
ul
ti
ple
ta
sk
s
at
on
ce.
Un
li
ke
te
m
po
ral
pa
rall
el
ism
wh
ic
h
is
the
ta
sk
is
br
oken
into
m
ulti
ple
sta
ges.
The
m
ai
n
obj
e
ct
ives
of
t
his
pro
j
ect
are
a
s
yst
e
m
based
hi
gh
perform
ance;
ta
sk
s
exec
uted
c
on
c
urre
nt
ly
and
lowe
r
c
on
s
umpti
on
po
wer.
Sp
at
ia
l
pa
rall
el
is
m
pr
opose
d
as
the
m
et
ho
d
wh
ic
h
ca
n
m
eet
the
requi
rem
ent
of syst
em
.
The
m
ai
n
pro
cessi
ng
unit
s
desig
ne
d
us
in
g
the
co
nce
pt
of
s
patia
l
pa
rall
el
is
m
.
In
t
his
proj
ect
,
th
e
nu
m
ber
of
m
ai
n
pr
ocess
ing
unit
will
be
determ
ined
by
the
nu
m
ber
of
ta
sk
s
.
T
his
m
eans
al
l
m
ain
processi
ng
uni
ts
will
exec
ute
co
ncurre
ntly
a
t
the
sam
e
tim
e
with
ou
t
dela
yi
ng
a
ny
in
put
data
t
o
be
pro
cessed
especial
ly
in
s
peed
c
on
t
ro
l,
s
te
ering
c
on
tr
ol
and
al
so
ECG
analy
zer.
Thes
e
sp
eci
fic
ta
sk
s
m
us
t
be
execut
ed
at
the
sam
e
tim
e.
All
the
m
ai
n
processi
ng
un
it
s
will
be
con
tr
olled
by
a
cl
oc
k
to
m
ake
su
re
the
ta
sk
s
exec
ute
at
the sam
e tim
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Desig
n a
nd im
pleme
nta
ti
on
of
em
be
dded
aut
o
c
ar
parki
ng s
yst
em usi
ng F
PGA
f
or
…
(
Kh
or
Ji
ng Y
ong
)
879
3.
RESU
LT
S
A
ND AN
ALYSIS
3.1.
Se
nsor T
esting Res
ults
Fo
r
inf
rar
e
d
s
ens
or
s,
an
al
og
vo
lt
a
ge
outp
ut
rea
ding
of
ultraso
nic
se
nsors
will
get
la
rg
e
r
as
t
he
distance
betw
een
ta
r
gets
a
nd
se
nsors
i
ncrea
ses.
All
the
inf
rar
e
d
se
nsors
te
ste
d
with
diff
e
ren
t
c
ol
or
a
nd
m
at
erial
o
f
the
ob
sta
cl
e i
nclu
di
ng
w
hite, re
d,
black, an
d sem
it
ran
sp
a
re
nt as
s
how
n
in
Fi
gur
e 2
a
nd
3.
Figure
2. IR
Se
ns
or test
in
g wi
th b
la
c
k
c
olor
Figure
3. IR
Se
ns
or test
in
g wi
th r
e
d
c
olor
Fr
om
the
T
abl
e
1,
the
se
ns
it
ivit
y
of
IR
se
nsors
is
a
rou
nd
with
the
distan
ce
of
40
cm
.
The
th
reshol
d
of
IR
sens
ors
is
at
3
cm
wh
ic
h
can
be
see
n
obviously
in
th
e
ta
ble.
The
se
m
it
ran
sp
are
nt
has
lo
west
ref
l
ect
ivit
y
a
m
on
g
al
l
the
obj
ect
s
a
nd
of
fset
outp
ut
vo
l
ta
ge
of
sem
it
ran
s
par
e
nt
ob
j
e
ct
is
arou
nd
2.
5V.T
her
e
a
re
s
ever
al
factor
that
af
fe
ct
ing
data
IR
s
ens
or
incl
udin
g
volt
age
s
uppl
y,
li
gh
t
co
nd
it
ion
,
surr
oundi
ng
obsta
cl
es
a
nd
it
s
own reflect
ivit
y.
At the sam
e tim
e, Q
ua
rtus II
so
ft
war
e
I
n
sys
tem
m
e
m
or
y e
ditor
us
e
d
t
o
te
st i
nput d
at
a se
ns
or.
Th
is i
s
to
m
ake
sure
t
he
acc
ur
acy
of
data
a
nd
al
so
the
safety
of
the
syst
em
.
In
t
he
te
sti
ng
proc
ess,
th
e
re
is
a
lot
of
un
sta
ble
of
se
ns
or
data.
F
or
exam
ple,
every
five
rea
dings
ta
ken
a
re
f
ollow
e
d
by
one
unsta
ble
r
eadi
ng.
T
his
patte
rn
is n
ot
al
ways
bein
g
th
e
sam
e
and
it
m
igh
t
be
e
ver
y
ei
gh
t
rea
dings
fo
ll
owe
d
by one
unsta
ble
rea
ding
as
sh
ow
n
i
n
Fi
g
ure
4.
A
st
a
bili
ze
data
m
odule
desi
gn
e
d
t
o
synch
ronize
th
e
unsta
ble
dat
a
an
d
al
s
o
dif
fer
e
nt
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
am
ong
dif
fer
e
nt
m
od
ules.
Figures
5,
6
a
nd
7
s
how
t
he
IR
se
ns
ors
locat
io
n
on
the
car
.
Also
,
Fig
ur
e
8
sh
ows
the
E
CG
sens
or
on
car
to
detect
dr
i
ver
hear
tb
e
at
at
ta
ck
an
d
act
ivate
auto
parkin
g
syst
e
m
p
ro
ces
s
.
Table
1.
T
he
IR
Sensor
Testi
ng Result
(volta
ge)
Distan
ce
W
h
ite
Red
Black
Se
m
i t
rans
p
arent
0
0
.00
0
0
0
.00
0
0
0
.00
0
0
0
.00
0
0
1
1
.25
0
0
1
.12
5
0
0
.12
5
0
2
.50
0
0
3
2
.87
5
0
2
.87
5
0
2
.81
2
5
2
.50
0
0
5
2
.25
0
0
2
.12
5
0
2
.25
0
0
1
.68
7
5
7
1
.68
7
5
1
.68
7
5
1
.62
5
0
1
.31
2
5
9
1
.31
2
5
1
.31
2
5
1
.25
0
0
1
.00
0
0
10
1
.18
7
5
1
.12
5
0
1
.18
7
5
0
.93
7
5
12
1
.00
0
0
1
.00
0
0
0
.93
7
5
0
.75
0
0
15
0
.81
2
5
0
.75
0
0
0
.68
7
5
0
.62
5
0
20
0
.62
5
0
0
.62
5
0
0
.50
0
0
0
.37
5
0
25
0
.50
0
0
0
.50
0
0
0
.37
5
0
0
.31
2
5
30
0
.37
5
0
0
.37
5
0
0
.31
2
5
0
.25
0
0
35
0
.31
2
5
0
.31
2
5
0
.25
0
0
0
.18
7
5
40
0
.25
0
0
0
.25
0
0
0
.25
0
0
0
.18
7
5
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
1
3
, N
o.
3
,
M
a
r
c
h
2019
:
8
7
6
–
8
8
3
880
Figure
4. I
n
sy
stem
m
e
m
or
y heart
beat a
nd
IR se
ns
or
data
Figure
5. IR se
ns
or
fro
nt v
ie
w
on vehicl
e
Figure
6. IR se
ns
or si
de view
on v
e
hicle
Figure
7. IR se
ns
or
bac
k
view
on vehicl
e
Figure
8. ECG
sens
or
on ca
r
3.2.
EC
G
Sig
na
l
Analyses
Figure
9
sho
ws
a
sta
ndar
d
cy
cl
e
of
EC
G
si
gn
al
.
T
he
re
is
P
wav
e
,
QRS
wa
ve
a
nd
T
wa
ve.
PR
inter
val
is
the
tim
e
interv
al
for
el
ect
rica
l
pu
lse
tran
sm
i
tt
ed
from
at
ria
to
ven
t
ricl
es.
H
eart
fail
ur
e
s
uch
as
fibr
il
la
ti
on
a
nd
arr
hythm
ia
s
inform
ation
can
fou
nd
in
QR
S
segm
ent.
ST
segm
ent
can
pr
ovide
the
in
for
m
at
ion
of
ins
uffici
ent
blo
od
s
upply
to
orga
n
espec
ia
ll
y
hear
t
m
us
cl
es.
The
T
wav
e
in
QT
inter
val
cou
l
d
pro
vide
inf
or
m
at
ion
abou
t
high
bl
oo
d pr
ess
ure.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Desig
n a
nd im
pleme
nta
ti
on
of
em
be
dded
aut
o
c
ar
parki
ng s
yst
em usi
ng F
PGA
f
or
…
(
Kh
or
Ji
ng Y
ong
)
881
Figure
9. Stan
da
rd ECG
Sig
na
l
Table
2
s
how
s
norm
al
EC
G
sig
nal
with
diff
e
ren
t
se
gm
ent,
su
ch
as
P
wav
e
,
PR
interval,
QRS
Com
plex
an
d
a
lso QT inte
rv
al
.
Table2
. No
rm
a
l EC
G
Si
gn
al
Data
W
av
e/In
Ti
m
e I
n
te
rval(
m
s)
P wave
0
.06
-
0
.11
PR
Interval
0
.12
-
0
.20
QRS co
m
p
lex
0
.08
-
0
.12
QT
in
terval
0
.36
-
0
.44
Figure
10
s
hows
the
com
pari
so
n
of
tw
o
E
CG
sig
nals.
U
pp
e
r
si
gn
al
is
norm
al
per
son
ECG
si
gn
al
.
The
bott
om
sig
nal is the ECG sig
nal w
it
h
he
a
rt att
ack.
Fr
om
the f
igure, PR interv
al
and also
QRS Co
m
plex
is
con
ca
ve.
I
n
thi
s
paper,
m
ai
n
processi
ng
unit
has
a
m
od
ule
to
detect
the
E
CG
sig
nal,
al
s
o
analy
ze
the
data
in
te
rm
s
of
diff
e
r
ent
segm
ent
of
ECG
sign
al
.
Be
sides,
the
syst
e
m
is
able
to
perform
auto
m
at
ic
car
par
king
once
it
d
et
ect
one
of the se
g
m
ent o
f
ECG s
i
gnal
is
diff
e
re
nt fro
m
n
orm
al
ECG s
ign
al
.
Figure.
10 C
om
par
ison
betw
een tw
o EC
G s
ign
al
s
3.3.
P
WM
Si
gnal
P
W
M
is
a
m
od
ulati
on
te
c
hniq
ue
to
enc
ode
a
m
essage
into
pulsi
ng
sig
nal.
I
n
this
pa
per,
P
WM
sig
na
l
us
e
d
to
co
ntro
l
ste
ering
an
d
a
lso
the
sp
ee
d
of
ve
hicle
s.
Be
sides,
ECG
sig
nal
al
so
bee
n
encode
d
into
pu
lsi
ng
sign
al
with
s
pecific
fr
e
que
ncy.
F
re
qu
e
nc
y
is
one
of
t
he
m
ai
n
co
ns
i
der
at
io
ns
w
he
n
c
ontrolli
ng
P
W
M.
The
syst
em
will
beco
m
e
un
st
able
if
t
he
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
didn’t
synch
ronize
w
it
h
the
P
W
M.
Seve
ral
sync
hron
iz
e
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
m
od
ules
wer
e
de
sign
e
d
to
c
on
t
ro
l
the
f
re
qu
e
ncy
of
se
ve
ral
P
W
M
inclu
di
ng
s
pee
d
of
ve
hicle
con
t
ro
l
,
steerin
g
a
nd also
the
ECG si
gn
al
as
sh
ow
n
in
Fi
gur
e
11.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
1
3
, N
o.
3
,
M
a
r
c
h
2019
:
8
7
6
–
8
8
3
882
3.4.
G
PS
and
GS
M
GP
S
an
d
GS
M
us
e
d
for
l
ocali
zat
ion
a
nd
se
nd
the
c
oord
i
nate
of
the
host
ve
hicle
by
SMS
to
hosp
it
al
wh
e
n
a
s
udde
n hea
rt att
ack
ha
pp
e
ns t
o dr
i
ver
as s
how
n
in
Fi
gure
12.
Figure
11. P
WM
sign
al
with
diff
e
re
nt duty
cy
cl
e
Figure.
12 GS
M SM
S
4.
DISCU
SSI
ON
In
t
his
resea
rc
h,
DE
1
-
S
oC
boar
d
is
ch
os
e
n
as
a
platf
or
m
since
it
has
a
buil
t
-
in
A
DC
w
hich
c
onsist
s
of
8
cha
nnel
num
ber
at
a
rate
of
200KSP
S.
This
platf
or
m
i
s
able
to
pr
ov
i
d
e
hi
gh
s
pee
d
data
proces
sin
g
f
ro
m
m
ul
ti
ple
sensors
an
d
al
s
o
co
ncurr
e
ntly
ta
sk
execu
ti
on
fro
m
m
ulti
ple
senso
rs
.
Re
co
nfi
gura
ble
of
syst
em
and
high
s
peed
dat
a
processi
ng
is
one
of
t
he
a
dv
a
ntage
s
f
or
FPGA.
Se
ver
a
l
on
-
chi
p
m
odules
are
desi
gned
as
con
t
ro
l
unit
a
nd
proces
sin
g
unit
.
Be
sides,
th
e
syst
e
m
up
gr
a
deab
le
without
changin
g
any
hard
war
e
c
ompone
nt
in
the
fu
t
ur
e
.
On
-
c
hip
m
od
ul
e
desig
ne
d
as
m
uch
as
possi
ble
to
reduce
l
at
ency
of
syst
em
becau
se
this
pro
j
ect
requires
f
ast
da
ta
p
r
ocessi
ng a
nd also
preci
se
d
eci
sio
n
m
aking.
5.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
This
pa
per
int
rod
uces
a
ne
w
ap
proach
f
or
cu
rr
e
nt
ad
va
nced
dr
i
ver
a
ssist
ance
syst
em
wh
ic
h
i
s
autom
at
ic
car
pa
rk
i
ng
syst
em
based
on
e
m
erg
ency
c
on
diti
on
inclu
ding
s
udde
n
hea
r
t
at
ta
ck
an
d
dr
i
ver
drowsi
ness
f
r
om
hear
t
beat
detect
or
signa
l.
The
im
ple
m
entat
ion
is
achieved
high
opera
ti
ng
fr
e
quen
cy
up
t
o
1.6
GH
z
a
nd
the
total
of
1083
lo
gic
el
em
ents
an
d
676
re
gisters
ar
e
c
on
s
um
ed.
I
n
f
utu
r
e,
we
can
im
pr
ove
t
he
rob
us
tness
of
dro
wsin
es
s
detect
ion
from
f
aci
al
ex
pressi
on a
nd eye
stat
e of
dr
i
ver
us
i
ng
a
ca
m
era.
ACKN
OWLE
DGE
MENTS
The
a
uthors
w
ou
l
d
li
ke
to
t
ha
nk
t
he
Mi
nistr
y
of
E
du
cat
i
on
Ma
la
ysi
a
(MOE)
f
or
pro
vid
i
ng
the
FR
GS
researc
h
gr
a
nt
(Ref:
FRG
S/2/
2014/ICT
06
/
U
NI
M
AP
/0
2/3)
(Gran
t
no.
90
03
-
0047
4)
a
nd
School
of
C
om
pu
te
r
and Com
m
un
ic
at
ion
E
nginee
ring,
Un
i
ver
sit
y
Ma
la
ysi
a Perlis (
Un
iM
A
P) f
or s
upport.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
Chowdhur
y
M,
and
De
y
K,
"Inte
lligent
tr
ansporta
ti
on
s
y
s
te
m
s
-
a
fronti
er
for
bre
aki
ng
boundar
i
es
of
tra
dit
ional
ac
ad
emic engi
ne
eri
ng
d
isci
pl
ine
s
[Educat
ion]
,
" I
E
EE
In
te
l
l Tra
nsp
S
y
st
Mag,
vol.
8,
pp
.
4
–
8
,
2016
.
[2]
Bansal
P,
and
Kocke
lman
KM
,
"
Forec
asti
ng
Am
eri
c
ans’
longter
m
adopt
ion
of
c
onnec
t
ed
and
au
tonomous
vehi
cle
te
chno
logi
es,
"
In
:
Tr
ansporta
t
ion resea
rch
boar
d
9
5th
annu
al m
ee
ting,
no
.
16
-
1871
,
2016.
[3]
Saee
d
As
adi
Ba
gloe
e
,
Madj
id
Ta
van
a,
Mohs
en
As
adi
and
Tr
ac
e
y
O
li
ver
,
"
Autonom
ous
vehi
cles:
ch
al
l
eng
es,
opportuni
ties,
an
d
future
implic
a
t
ions
for
tra
nspor
ta
ti
on
policie
s
,
"
Journal
of
Mode
rn
Tra
nsport
at
io
n,
vol
.
24,
no.
4
,
pp.
284
–
303
,
20
16.
[4]
Han,
S.
J.,
and
Choi,
J.,
"P
ark
in
g
Space
Rec
ogni
ti
on
for
A
utonomous
Vale
t
Parking
Us
ing
Height
and
Sali
ent
-
Li
n
e
Probabil
ity
Map
s,"
ET
RI
Journal
,
vol
.
37
,
no
.
6
,
p
p.
1220
-
1230
,
2
015.
[5]
Raksinc
har
o
ensa
k,
P.,
Haseg
awa
,
T
.
,
and
Nag
ai
,
M.
.
"M
oti
on
Planni
ng
and
Control
of
Aut
onom
ous
Drivin
g
Inte
lligen
ce
S
y
s
te
m
Based
on
R
isk
Potent
ia
l
Optimiza
ti
o
n
Fram
ework,
"
Inte
r
nat
ion
al
Journal
of
Autom
oti
ve
Engi
ne
eri
ng,
vol
.
7
,
pp
.
53
-
60
,
2
016.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Desig
n a
nd im
pleme
nta
ti
on
of
em
be
dded
aut
o
c
ar
parki
ng s
yst
em usi
ng F
PGA
f
or
…
(
Kh
or
Ji
ng Y
ong
)
883
[6]
Feli
pe
Jim
énez,
Jos
é
Euge
nio
Nara
njo,
Jos
é
Javie
r
An
a
y
a,
Ferna
ndo
Gar
cí
a
,
Aurel
io
Ponz
and
Jos
é
Mar
í
a
Arm
ingol
,
"A
dvanc
ed
Driv
er
A
ss
ista
nce
S
y
s
t
e
m
for
Road
En
vironments
to
I
m
prove
Safe
t
y
and
Eff
i
cienc
y
,
"
Tra
nsporta
t
ion
R
ese
arc
h
Proce
d
ia,
vol
.
14
,
pp
.
224
5
-
2254,
2016
.
[7]
La
m
,
A.
Y.,
L
e
ung,
Y.
W
.
,
an
d
Chu,
X.
.
"A
ut
onom
ous
-
Vehic
le
Publi
c
Tr
ansporta
ti
on
S
y
st
em:
Scheduling
an
d
Adm
ission Cont
rol,
" I
EE
E
T
r
ansa
ctions on
In
te
l
ligent Tra
nsport
ation
S
y
st
ems
,
vol
.
17
,
no
.
5
,
pp
.
1
210
-
1226,
2016
.
[8]
Mos
quet
,
X.,
A
nder
sen,
M.,
an
d
Arora,
A.,
"A
Roadmap
to
Safe
r
Driving
Thr
ough
Advanc
ed
Drive
r
As
sistanc
e
S
y
stems
,
" Auto Te
ch
Review,
vo
l.
5
,
no
.
7
,
pp
.
20
-
25,
2016
.
[9]
Ha
m
id,
U.
Z.
A.
,
Za
m
zur
i
,
H.,
R
ahman,
M.
A.
A.,
&
Yah
y
a
and
W
.
J.,
"A
Safe
-
Distanc
e
Based
Thre
a
t
As
sessm
ent
with
Geom
et
rical
Based
Ste
ering
Control
for
Vehic
l
e
Coll
is
ion
Avoidance,
"
Journal
of
Te
l
ec
om
m
unic
at
ion
,
El
e
ct
roni
c and
C
om
pute
r
Engi
n
e
eri
ng
(JT
EC), vo
l.
8
,
no
.
2,
pp.
53
-
58,
2016
.
[10]
C.
N.
Khac
,
J.
H.
Park
and
H.
Y.
Jung,
"D
et
ection
of
abnor
m
al
m
oving
vehi
cles
for
int
el
l
ige
nt
drive
r
assistance
s
y
stem,"
2016
Inte
rna
ti
ona
l
Confer
ence
on
Ele
ct
roni
cs,
Inform
at
ion
,
and
Com
m
unic
at
ions
(IC
EIC),
Da
Nang
,
2016,
pp
.
1
-
4
.
[11]
D.
Tra
n,
E
.
Ta
d
esse,
W
.
Sheng,
Y.
Sun,
M.
Li
u
and
S.
Zha
ng,
"A
drive
r
assistanc
e
fra
m
ework
base
d
on
drive
r
drows
ine
ss
det
e
ct
ion
,
"
2016
IE
EE
Int
ern
ationa
l
Confer
ence
on
C
y
b
er
Technol
og
y
in
Autom
ation,
Contro
l,
an
d
Inte
lligen
t
S
y
s
tem
s (CYBER
),
Chengdu
,
2016
,
p
p.
173
-
178
.
[12]
D.
Sunehra
an
d
K.
Jhansi,
"I
m
ple
m
ent
at
ion
of
m
ic
roc
ontro
l
le
r
bas
ed
driv
e
r
assistance
an
d
vehi
c
le
sa
fe
t
y
m
onit
oring
s
y
st
e
m
,
" 2015
Inte
rn
a
ti
onal Confe
r
ence
on
In
form
at
ion
Proce
ss
ing
(I
CI
P),
Pune,
2016,
pp.
423
-
428
.
[13]
T.
Hw
ang, M.
K
im,
S.
Hong a
nd
K.
S.
Park,
"D
rive
r
drows
ine
ss
det
e
ct
ion
using
th
e
in
-
e
ar EE
G,"
2
016
38th
Annua
l
Inte
rna
ti
ona
l
Co
nfe
ren
c
e
of
th
e
I
EE
E
Engi
ne
eri
n
g
in
Medicine
a
nd
Biol
og
y
Soci
ety
(EMBC),
Orlan
do,
FL
,
2016
,
pp.
4646
-
4649
.
[14]
T.
P.
Ngu
y
en
,
M.
T.
Ch
ew
an
d
S.
Dem
ide
nko
,
"E
y
e
tra
ck
in
g
s
y
stem
to
de
t
ec
t
dr
ive
r
drow
siness,"
2015
6th
Inte
rna
ti
ona
l
Co
nfe
ren
c
e
on
Aut
om
at
ion,
Robo
tics a
nd
Appl
ications
(ICARA
),
Quee
nstown, 2015
,
pp
.
472
-
477
.
[15]
T.
Naka
m
ura
,
A.
Mae
ji
m
a
an
d
S.
Morishim
a
,
"D
rive
r
drowsi
ness
esti
m
at
ion
from
fac
ia
l
ex
p
ression
fea
tures
computer
vision
fea
ture
inv
estigati
on
using
a
CG
m
odel
,
"
20
14
Inte
rna
t
iona
l
Confer
enc
e
on
Com
pute
r
Visi
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ez
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K.
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Jo,
"Ca
m
e
ra
and
l
ase
r
r
ange
find
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fusio
n
for
real
-
ti
m
e
c
ar
det
e
ct
ion
,
"
IEC
ON
2014
-
40th
Annual
Confer
enc
e
of
th
e
IE
E
E
Industrial
E
lectr
oni
cs
Societ
y
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Dall
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15,
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3419
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3424
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BIOGR
AP
HI
ES OF
A
UTH
ORS
Khor
Jing
Yong
rec
iv
ed
his
B.
E
ng
Com
pute
r
Engi
nee
r
ing
degr
e
e
from
School
of
Com
pute
r
and
Com
m
unic
at
ion
Engi
nee
r
ing,
U
nive
rsiti
Ma
lay
s
ia
Perli
s
(UniMA
P),
Perli
s,
Mal
a
y
si
a
in
2017.
He
is hi
r
ed
b
y
In
te
l
as
Va
li
di
ti
on
Engi
ne
er
sinc
e
J
une
2017.
Muata
z
H.
Salih
rec
ei
v
ed
the
B.
Sc.
and
M.Sc
.
degr
ee
s
from
the
Depa
rtment
of
Co
m
pute
r
Engi
ne
eri
ng
fro
m
Univer
sit
y
of
Technol
og
y
,
B
aghda
d,
Ira
q
,
in
1998
and
2002
,
respe
ct
iv
e
l
y
.
In
Septe
m
ber
2013,
he
e
arn
ed
a
PhD
degr
ee
i
n
Com
pute
r
Engi
nee
r
ing,
with
spec
ializati
on
in
FPGA
E
m
bedde
d
Multi
proc
essor
SoC
.
From
S
ept
.
1998
to
Marc
h
2003,
h
e
was
a
rese
ar
ch
engi
ne
er
in
Mili
t
ar
y
Industri
alization
Corpora
ti
on
of
Ira
q.
From
O
ct
.
2003
to
June
2008,
he
was
a
lectur
er
and
m
ana
ger
of
en
gine
er
ing
fa
cul
t
y
's
LABS
in
t
he
fa
cul
t
y
of
Engi
ne
eri
ng
of
Al
-
Kala
m
oon
priva
t
e
unive
rsit
y
,
S
y
ria.
From
July
2008
to
Jul
y
April
2011,
he
was
a
Resea
r
che
r
at
Underwat
er
R
oboti
c
Rese
arc
h
Group
at
US
M.
Curre
ntly
,
Nov
.
2013,
he
is
a
Senior
le
c
ture
r
a
t
UniMap,
Malays
ia
.
He
is
SM
I
EE
E
,
CEng,
MI
ET
and
IACS
IT
Senior
Me
m
ber
.
His
rese
arc
h
int
er
ests
on
designi
ng
digi
t
al
s
y
stems
using
FPGA
te
chnol
og
y
,
embedde
d
s
y
st
ems
,
computer
s
y
stem
arc
hitec
t
ure
,
m
ic
roproc
e
ss
or
arc
hit
ectur
e,
active
j
amm
ing
sy
st
em
for
la
ser
m
issile
s
and
M2M
.
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