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r
r
eliab
ilit
y
test
s
.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
r
eliab
ilit
y
te
s
t
i
s
to
ch
ec
k
th
e
d
u
r
ab
ilit
y
o
f
cu
r
r
e
n
t
j
ac
k
m
o
d
el
w
h
e
th
er
ca
n
w
it
h
s
tan
d
w
ith
t
h
e
i
n
d
u
s
tr
ial
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
to
r
ep
licate
th
e
f
ail
u
r
e
co
n
d
itio
n
h
ap
p
en
ed
in
m
ar
k
et
[
2
]
.
Desig
n
Fa
ilu
r
e
Mo
d
e
an
d
E
f
f
ec
t
s
An
al
y
s
i
s
(
DFME
A
)
is
u
s
ed
to
id
en
t
if
y
t
h
e
p
o
ten
t
ial
f
ai
lu
r
e
m
o
d
es
a
n
d
th
e
ca
u
s
e
o
f
f
ail
u
r
e
d
u
r
i
n
g
j
ac
k
li
f
t
in
g
o
p
er
atio
n
s
[
3
]
.
Fro
m
th
e
r
e
s
u
l
t,
it
w
ill
g
i
v
e
a
d
ir
ec
tiv
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
to
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
d
esi
g
n
.
Mo
d
elin
g
o
f
t
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
an
d
n
e
w
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
d
esig
n
ar
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
f
o
r
d
esig
n
an
al
y
s
is
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
s
[
4
]
.
B
o
th
d
esig
n
s
w
ill
b
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
w
i
th
t
h
r
ee
t
y
p
es
o
f
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
E
q
u
iv
a
len
t
E
last
ic
S
tr
ain
(
v
o
n
-
Mises
)
,
E
q
u
i
v
ale
n
t
Stre
s
s
(
v
o
n
-
Mise
s
)
an
d
T
o
tal
Def
o
r
m
atio
n
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
d
esig
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
[
5
]
.
A
d
d
itio
n
al
an
al
y
s
i
s
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
s
tr
ess
v
a
lu
e
at
th
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
ar
ea
to
v
er
i
f
y
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
es
s
o
f
t
h
e
d
esi
g
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
[
6
]
.
A
l
l
r
esu
l
ts
o
b
tain
ed
is
g
a
th
er
ed
in
a
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
tab
le
a
n
d
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
.
Fo
r
d
esig
n
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
,
ce
r
tai
n
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
s
et
f
o
r
b
o
th
cu
r
r
en
t
a
n
d
n
e
w
j
a
ck
d
esi
g
n
.
T
h
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
s
et
i
n
t
h
e
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
ar
e
th
e
li
f
ti
n
g
h
ei
g
h
t
o
f
b
o
th
d
esi
g
n
is
s
e
t
at
3
2
0
m
m
o
f
f
g
r
o
u
n
d
,
th
e
m
ater
ial
u
s
ed
to
b
u
i
ld
th
e
j
ac
k
is
Ho
t
R
o
lled
Steel
S
h
e
et
(
SP
HC
)
J
I
S
G3
1
3
1
w
i
th
T
en
s
ile
Stre
n
g
t
h
o
f
2
7
0
M
P
a,
th
e
ap
p
lie
d
lo
a
d
o
n
t
h
e
j
ac
k
d
esig
n
is
s
et
at
2
1
,
5
7
5
N,
th
e
o
u
ter
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
o
f
b
o
th
d
esig
n
s
ar
e
s
a
m
e
an
d
th
e
s
ele
c
ted
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
al
an
a
l
y
s
i
s
t
y
p
e
u
s
ed
ar
e
th
e
elas
tic
s
tr
ain
,
s
tr
es
s
an
d
to
tal
d
ef
o
r
m
at
io
n
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
b
y
f
i
v
e
ele
m
e
n
t
s
.
T
h
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
elem
e
n
ts
a
r
e
th
e
j
ac
k
f
ail
u
r
e
r
o
o
t c
au
s
e
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
o
n
t
h
e
ac
t
u
al
d
ef
ec
ti
v
e
s
a
m
p
le
s
co
llected
f
r
o
m
m
ar
k
et,
r
eliab
ilit
y
te
s
t o
n
f
r
es
h
p
ar
t,
ca
r
j
ac
k
p
o
ten
tial
f
ail
u
r
e
m
o
d
e
s
u
s
i
n
g
De
s
i
g
n
Fail
u
r
e
Mo
d
e
an
d
E
f
f
ec
t
s
An
al
y
s
is
(
DFME
A
)
to
o
l,
j
ac
k
m
o
d
eli
n
g
a
n
d
d
esig
n
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
.
R
es
u
lt
s
o
f
t
h
ese
f
i
v
e
elem
en
ts
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
t
h
i
s
s
ec
ti
o
n
.
3
.
1
.
Ca
r
J
a
ck
F
a
ilu
re
Ro
o
t
Ca
us
e
Ana
ly
s
is
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
ac
tiv
it
y
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
y
is
b
y
o
b
tain
i
n
g
th
e
d
ef
ec
ti
v
e
j
ac
k
f
r
o
m
m
ar
k
et.
A
f
e
w
d
ef
ec
tiv
e
s
a
m
p
les
w
er
e
co
lle
cted
f
r
o
m
m
ar
k
et
a
n
d
d
is
m
a
n
tled
to
o
b
s
er
v
e
th
e
d
ef
o
r
m
a
tio
n
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic.
T
h
e
r
o
o
t
ca
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
f
ail
u
r
e
o
b
v
io
u
s
l
y
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
at
g
ea
r
in
g
ar
ea
th
at
ca
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
j
ac
k
to
f
ail
d
u
r
in
g
it
s
o
p
er
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
d
ef
ec
ts
ch
ec
k
o
n
th
e
d
ef
ec
t
iv
e
s
a
m
p
le
e
x
h
ib
i
ted
f
r
o
m
m
ar
k
et
is
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
A
ct
u
al
d
ef
ec
ti
v
e
s
a
m
p
le
co
llected
f
r
o
m
m
ar
k
et
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
C
r
itica
l D
e
s
ig
n
F
a
cto
r
s
o
n
P
e
r
fo
r
ma
n
ce
o
f Ca
r
Ja
ck
Lif
tin
g
Op
era
tio
n
s
(
Dzu
l H
a
fez
Ya
co
b
)
523
3
.
2
.
Relia
bil
it
y
T
est
Fre
s
h
p
ar
t
o
f
t
h
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
j
ac
k
d
esi
g
n
i
s
co
llected
an
d
a
s
s
i
g
n
ed
f
o
r
s
p
ec
if
ic
te
s
t.
T
h
is
ac
tiv
it
y
p
u
r
p
o
s
el
y
to
r
ep
licate
t
h
e
f
ail
u
r
e
h
ap
p
en
ed
in
m
ar
k
et
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
h
o
w
a
n
d
w
h
y
t
h
e
i
n
cid
en
t o
cc
u
r
s
.
T
h
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
test
s
co
n
d
u
c
te
d
ar
e
in
clin
ed
lo
ad
test
,
lo
ad
en
d
u
r
an
ce
test
,
s
tr
en
g
th
in
te
n
s
it
y
lo
ad
test
a
n
d
Mo
n
k
e
y
“sh
a
k
e
n
”
test
.
Fro
m
t
h
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
r
es
u
lt,
th
e
o
n
l
y
NG
(
Fail)
r
esu
lt
is
o
n
th
e
Mo
n
k
e
y
tes
t.
T
h
e
j
ac
k
is
lif
ted
at
h
ei
g
h
t
o
f
3
2
0
m
m
o
f
f
g
r
o
u
n
d
w
it
h
f
u
ll
lad
e
n
lo
ad
an
d
s
h
a
k
e
n
to
m
ag
n
i
f
y
th
e
f
r
ee
p
lay
co
n
d
it
io
n
at
th
is
h
eig
h
t
o
f
t
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
j
ac
k
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e.
T
h
e
en
d
r
esu
lt
s
h
o
ws
th
at
at
th
i
s
h
ei
g
h
t
t
h
e
co
n
tac
t
b
et
w
ee
n
g
ea
r
s
is
v
er
y
p
o
o
r
an
d
allo
w
th
e
g
ea
r
s
to
s
lip
an
d
ca
u
s
e
t
h
e
co
llap
s
e.
3
.
3
.
Desig
n F
a
ilu
re
M
o
de
a
nd
E
f
f
ec
t
s
Ana
ly
s
is
T
h
e
Desig
n
Fai
lu
r
e
Mo
d
e
an
d
E
f
f
ec
t
s
An
al
y
s
is
w
as
co
n
d
u
c
t
ed
to
id
en
tify
th
e
p
o
ten
t
ial
r
o
o
t
ca
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
j
ac
k
f
ail
u
r
e.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
f
e
w
p
o
te
n
tial
f
ail
u
r
e
m
o
d
es
i
d
en
tifie
d
th
at
ca
n
ca
u
s
e
t
h
e
f
ail
u
r
e
to
h
ap
p
en
.
Fro
m
th
e
a
n
al
y
s
is
,
t
h
e
to
p
4
h
ig
h
e
s
t
R
i
s
k
P
r
io
r
it
y
Nu
m
b
er
s
(
R
P
N)
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
an
al
y
s
i
s
s
aid
th
a
t
th
e
j
ac
k
f
ailu
r
e
i
s
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
4
p
o
ten
tial c
au
s
es o
f
f
ailu
r
e:
a.
I
n
s
u
f
f
icie
n
t
g
ea
r
en
g
ag
e
m
e
n
t,
j
ac
k
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
f
ail
u
r
e,
ex
ce
s
s
i
v
e
lo
ad
ap
p
lied
b.
Misali
g
n
m
e
n
t o
f
j
ac
k
w
it
h
v
e
h
icle
b
o
d
y
f
r
a
m
e,
o
p
er
atio
n
d
o
n
e
o
n
u
n
e
v
en
r
o
ad
c.
User
m
i
s
lead
w
ith
t
h
e
s
a
f
et
y
p
r
e
-
ca
u
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
d
u
r
in
g
j
ac
k
o
p
er
atio
n
d.
Dif
f
ic
u
lt
y
o
f
alig
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
v
e
h
icle
b
o
d
y
f
r
a
m
e
to
s
lo
t
in
to
to
p
b
r
ac
k
et
g
r
o
o
v
e
(
ar
m
s
ta
y
)
.
T
h
e
m
i
s
ali
g
n
ed
f
la
n
g
e
s
itti
n
g
o
n
to
ar
m
s
ta
y
m
a
y
ca
u
s
e
th
e
i
m
b
alan
ce
lo
ad
p
o
in
t
d
u
r
in
g
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
j
ac
k
.
I
te
m
(
a)
an
d
(
d
)
ar
e
d
esig
n
r
elate
d
is
s
u
es
t
h
at
ca
n
b
e
a
tar
g
et
ar
ea
f
o
r
d
esi
g
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
n
ex
is
t
in
g
ca
r
j
ac
k
.
T
h
e
ea
r
li
er
r
esu
lt
o
f
i
n
v
e
s
ti
g
atio
n
an
d
test
s
h
a
v
e
s
h
o
w
n
t
h
at
t
h
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
d
esi
g
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
ca
n
b
e
d
o
n
e
at
g
ea
r
i
n
g
ar
ea
f
o
r
b
etter
en
g
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
an
d
ar
m
s
ta
y
s
lo
t’
s
o
p
en
in
g
f
o
r
ea
s
ier
in
s
er
tio
n
o
f
v
eh
icle
b
o
d
y
f
r
a
m
e
to
p
r
ev
en
t
i
m
b
ala
n
ce
lo
ad
p
o
in
t.
T
h
e
n
e
w
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
d
esig
n
o
f
j
ac
k
is
r
ea
lized
b
ased
o
n
th
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
g
u
i
d
elin
e
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
in
v
es
tig
a
tio
n
a
n
d
test
r
esu
l
ts
.
T
h
e
n
e
w
ca
r
j
ac
k
d
esig
n
h
a
s
b
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ased
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F
a
cto
r
s
o
n
P
e
r
fo
r
ma
n
ce
o
f Ca
r
Ja
ck
Lif
tin
g
Op
era
tio
n
s
(
Dzu
l H
a
fez
Ya
co
b
)
525
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Gr
ap
h
o
f
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
f
o
r
to
tal
d
ef
o
r
m
atio
n
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Gr
ap
h
o
f
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
f
o
r
s
tr
es
s
v
al
u
e
at
g
ea
r
s
T
h
e
g
ea
r
in
g
ar
ea
i
s
id
en
ti
f
ied
as
th
e
cr
itica
l
ar
ea
in
j
ac
k
s
t
r
u
ctu
r
e
t
h
at
h
as
to
u
n
d
er
g
o
with
d
esi
g
n
m
o
d
i
f
icat
io
n
to
eli
m
i
n
ate
t
h
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
f
ail
u
r
e
d
u
r
i
n
g
j
a
ck
li
f
ti
n
g
o
p
er
atio
n
.
Si
n
ce
t
h
at
,
in
d
esi
g
n
an
a
l
y
s
is
th
er
e
ar
e
f
o
u
r
n
o
d
es
p
u
r
p
o
s
el
y
p
lac
ed
at
g
ea
r
in
g
ar
ea
f
o
r
b
o
th
,
cu
r
r
en
t
a
n
d
n
e
w
j
ac
k
d
es
ig
n
to
o
b
s
er
v
e
th
e
s
tr
ess
v
al
u
e.
T
h
e
g
r
ap
h
ica
l
c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
th
e
s
tr
es
s
v
alu
e
at
g
ea
r
i
n
g
ar
ea
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Fro
m
t
h
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
t
h
o
s
e
4
n
o
d
es
’
s
tr
es
s
v
al
u
e,
t
h
e
s
tr
ess
r
ed
u
ct
io
n
at
No
d
e
1
Up
p
e
r
Gea
r
is
g
iv
e
n
b
y
4
2
.
1
%,
at
No
d
e
2
Up
p
er
Gea
r
b
y
4
8
.
9
%,
at
No
d
e
1
L
o
w
er
Gea
r
b
y
8
1
.
1
% a
n
d
at
No
d
e
2
L
o
w
er
Gea
r
b
y
9
0
.
3
5
%.
T
h
e
o
v
er
all
r
es
u
lt
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
b
et
w
ee
n
o
ld
a
n
d
n
e
w
j
ac
k
ass
e
m
b
l
y
d
esi
g
n
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
T
ab
le
2
.
Desig
n
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
r
es
u
lts
s
h
o
w
th
at
th
e
n
e
w
j
ac
k
d
esig
n
h
a
s
r
eso
lv
ed
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
le
m
e
n
co
u
n
ter
ed
in
cu
r
r
en
t
j
ac
k
d
esi
g
n
an
d
t
h
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
s
tr
ess
,
s
tr
ain
an
d
to
ta
l
d
ef
o
r
m
atio
n
ch
ar
t
p
lo
tted
f
o
r
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
b
o
th
d
esig
n
s
.
T
h
e
to
tal
w
ei
g
h
t
o
f
b
o
th
j
ac
k
d
esig
n
s
is
au
to
m
atica
l
l
y
m
e
asu
r
ed
b
y
th
e
d
esi
g
n
a
n
al
y
s
is
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e.
Fro
m
th
e
g
eo
m
e
tr
y
p
r
o
p
er
ties
d
is
p
la
y
ed
in
t
h
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e,
th
e
to
tal
w
ei
g
h
t
o
f
c
u
r
r
en
t
j
ac
k
d
esig
n
is
1
.
9
2
7
9
k
g
an
d
th
e
n
e
w
j
ac
k
d
esi
g
n
i
s
2
.
1
8
2
8
k
g
.
T
h
e
w
ei
g
h
t
d
if
f
er
en
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
b
o
th
d
esi
g
n
s
is
2
5
4
.
9
g
.
T
h
e
w
e
ig
h
t
in
cr
e
m
e
n
t i
s
d
u
e
to
th
e
ad
d
itio
n
al
4
g
ea
r
p
lates to
s
tr
en
g
t
h
en
th
e
d
esi
g
n
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e.
T
ab
le
2
.
Ov
er
all
A
n
a
l
y
s
is
R
es
u
lts
C
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
st
i
c
s
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
D
e
si
g
n
N
e
w
D
e
si
g
n
R
e
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
P
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
(
%)
M
a
x
.
Eq
u
i
v
a
l
e
n
t
El
a
s
t
i
c
S
t
r
a
i
n
(
v
o
n
-
M
i
se
s)
2
.
7
5
0
6
x
1
0
-
3
2
.
2
8
5
5
x
1
0
-
3
1
6
.
9
%
M
a
x
.
Eq
u
i
v
a
l
e
n
t
S
t
r
e
ss (v
o
n
-
M
i
se
s)
5
.
4
0
7
3
x
1
0
8
Pa
4
.
4
2
6
2
x
1
0
8
Pa
1
8
.
1
4
%
M
a
x
.
T
o
t
a
l
D
e
f
o
r
mat
i
o
n
3
.
3
6
6
1
x
1
0
-
4
m
3
.
0
1
3
x
1
0
-
4
m
1
0
.
5
%
S
t
r
e
ss V
a
l
u
e
a
t
G
e
a
r
s
N
o
d
e
1
U
p
p
e
r
g
e
a
r
9
.
8
0
x
1
0
7
Pa
5
.
6
7
x
1
0
7
Pa
4
2
.
1
4
%
N
o
d
e
2
U
p
p
e
r
g
e
a
r
8
.
1
8
x
1
0
7
Pa
4
.
1
8
x
1
0
7
Pa
4
8
.
9
%
N
o
d
e
1
L
o
w
e
r
g
e
a
r
8
.
7
3
x
1
0
7
Pa
1
.
6
5
x
1
0
7
Pa
8
1
.
1
%
N
o
d
e
2
L
o
w
e
r
g
e
a
r
1
.
9
4
x
1
0
8
Pa
1
.
8
7
x
1
0
7
Pa
9
0
.
3
5
%
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
o
f
i
n
v
e
s
ti
g
atio
n
an
d
an
al
y
s
is
h
as
g
i
v
e
n
a
n
i
d
ea
o
f
w
h
er
e
i
s
t
h
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
ar
ea
th
at
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
m
u
c
h
to
th
e
f
ail
u
r
e.
A
f
ter
f
u
r
t
h
er
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
i
n
g
o
f
th
e
ac
tu
al
r
o
o
t
ca
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
f
ail
u
r
e,
th
en
d
esi
g
n
m
o
d
i
f
icat
io
n
s
ta
g
e
ca
n
b
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
ac
cu
r
atel
y
.
T
h
e
n
e
w
j
ac
k
d
esig
n
h
a
s
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
in
a
f
e
w
t
h
i
n
g
s
s
u
ch
as
its
g
ea
r
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
,
th
e
ch
a
m
f
er
in
g
a
t
s
lo
t
o
p
en
in
g
o
f
t
h
e
a
r
m
s
ta
y
a
n
d
t
h
e
ae
s
t
h
etic
asp
ec
t
o
f
t
h
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
al
d
esig
n
.
I
n
o
v
er
all,
t
h
e
n
e
w
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
h
as i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
th
e
s
tr
ain
,
s
tr
ess
a
n
d
to
tal
d
ef
o
r
m
atio
n
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
th
e
ca
r
j
ac
k
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
d
esi
g
n
.
T
h
e
o
v
er
all
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
(
r
ed
u
cti
o
n
o
f
v
al
u
e)
ca
n
b
e
g
iv
e
n
a
s
,
E
q
u
i
v
alen
t
E
last
ic
Stra
in
(
1
6
.
9
%),
E
q
u
iv
ale
n
t
S
tr
ess
(
1
8
.
1
4
%)
an
d
to
tal
d
ef
o
r
m
at
io
n
(
1
0
.
5
%).
T
h
e
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
g
ea
r
d
esig
n
a
n
d
t
h
e
g
ea
r
t
h
ick
n
e
s
s
(
f
r
o
m
2
m
m
to
4
m
m
)
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
tl
y
a
f
f
ec
t
s
t
h
e
s
tr
ess
a
n
d
s
tr
ain
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
i
n
th
e
j
ac
k
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
Dh
a
m
a
k
,
B.
,
A
h
e
r
&
Nik
a
m
,
"
De
sig
n
a
n
d
S
tan
d
a
rd
iza
ti
o
n
o
f
S
c
isso
r
Ja
c
k
to
A
v
o
id
F
ield
F
a
il
u
re
"
.
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
Of
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
Res
e
a
rc
h
An
d
In
n
o
v
a
ti
v
e
Id
e
a
s I
n
E
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
.
2
0
1
5
;
Vo
lu
m
e
1
Iss
u
e
3
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
12
,
No
.
2
,
No
v
e
m
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
5
2
1
–
5
2
6
526
[2
]
Ip
il
a
k
y
a
a
T
.
D.,
A
.
V
.
T
.
,
G
b
a
sh
i
S
.
,
"
De
sig
n
,
Co
n
stru
c
ti
o
n
a
n
d
T
e
stin
g
o
f
a
n
El
e
c
tri
c
P
o
w
e
r
e
d
T
o
g
g
le
Ja
c
k
M
e
c
h
a
n
ism
"
.
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Res
e
a
rc
h
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
.
2
0
1
7
;
V
o
l
u
m
e
:
0
4
Iss
u
e
:
0
2
.
[3
]
Ko
li
c
h
,
M
.
,
"
Us
in
g
F
a
il
u
re
M
o
d
e
a
n
d
Eff
e
c
ts
A
n
a
l
y
sis
to
d
e
sig
n
a
c
o
m
f
o
rtab
le
a
u
to
m
o
ti
v
e
d
riv
e
r
se
a
t
"
.
Ap
p
li
e
d
Erg
o
n
o
mic
s
,
2
0
1
4
;
4
5
(
4
):
p
.
1
0
8
7
-
1
0
9
6
.
[4
]
P
a
ti
l
,
M
.
R.
a
n
d
S
.
Ka
c
h
a
v
e
,
"
De
sig
n
A
n
d
A
n
a
l
y
sis
O
f
S
c
iss
o
r
Ja
c
k
"
.
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
M
e
c
h
a
n
ica
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
R
o
b
o
ti
c
s R
e
se
a
r
c
h
,
2
0
1
5
.
4
(1
):
p
.
3
2
7
.
[5
]
Ka
c
h
a
v
e
,
M
.
R.
P
.
a
.
S
.
D.,
"
De
sig
n
a
n
d
A
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
S
c
isso
r
Ja
c
k
"
.
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
M
e
c
h
a
n
i
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Ro
b
o
ti
c
s R
e
se
a
rc
h
.
2
0
1
5
;
Vo
l.
4
:
No
.
1
.
[6
]
Ch
it
ra
n
sh
,
J.
a
n
d
D.
Hu
ss
a
in
,
"
De
sig
n
in
g
A
n
d
Ca
lcu
latin
g
T
h
e
S
tres
se
s In
d
u
c
e
d
In
S
c
isso
rs Ja
c
k
F
o
r
T
h
re
e
Di
ff
e
re
n
t
M
a
teria
ls
"
.
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
Of
S
c
ien
ti
fi
c
&
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
Res
e
a
rc
h
.
2
0
1
6
;
V
o
l
u
m
e
5
:
Iss
u
e
0
7
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.