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ates
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g
ate.
I
n
th
i
s
w
o
r
k
,
a
co
p
lan
ar
5
-
i
n
p
u
t
n
o
v
el
a
n
d
ef
f
icie
n
t
m
aj
o
r
ity
g
ate
i
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
T
o
m
ea
s
u
r
e
it
s
ef
f
icti
v
en
e
s
s
,
1
-
b
it
n
o
v
el
f
u
ll
ad
d
er
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
is
d
es
i
g
n
ed
u
s
in
g
P
MG
.
T
h
e
r
e
m
ai
n
in
g
p
ap
er
is
ar
r
an
g
ed
as
f
o
llo
w
s
.
Sectio
n
2
s
h
o
w
c
a
s
e
th
e
b
asic
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
QC
A
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
an
d
th
e
clo
ck
in
g
co
n
ce
p
ts
.
Sectio
n
3
d
escr
ib
es
t
h
e
ex
i
s
ti
n
g
QC
A
b
ased
f
i
v
e
i
n
p
u
t
m
aj
o
r
it
y
g
ates.
Sec
tio
n
4
d
escr
ib
es
a
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
5
-
in
p
u
t
n
o
v
el
m
aj
o
r
it
y
g
ate
d
es
ig
n
,
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lt
s
,
its
p
h
y
s
ical
p
r
o
o
f
an
d
en
er
g
y
d
i
s
s
ip
atio
n
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
.
T
h
e
en
er
g
y
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
is
d
o
n
e
u
s
in
g
Q
C
A
P
r
o
to
o
l.
Sectio
n
5
r
ep
r
esen
ts
a
n
e
w
r
o
b
u
s
t
f
u
ll
a
d
d
er
cir
cu
it
d
esig
n
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
P
MG
,
its
s
i
m
u
latio
n
,
en
er
g
y
d
i
s
s
ip
atio
n
an
al
y
s
is
an
d
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
o
b
u
s
t
f
u
ll
ad
d
er
cir
cu
it
w
it
h
t
h
e
ex
i
s
ti
n
g
d
esi
g
n
s
in
ter
m
s
o
f
ar
ea
an
d
d
ela
y
.
Sectio
n
6
co
m
p
ar
es
t
h
e
r
esu
lt
o
f
P
MG
w
it
h
th
e
ex
i
s
ti
n
g
d
esig
n
s
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
o
cc
u
p
atio
n
al
ar
ea
an
d
i
n
ter
f
e
r
en
ce
.
T
h
e
C
o
n
clu
s
io
n
i
s
p
r
esen
ted
in
s
ec
tio
n
7
.
2.
RE
VI
E
W
O
F
A
Q
CA
C
E
L
L
QC
A
ce
ll
is
t
h
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
en
ta
l
n
an
o
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
e
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
all
ele
m
e
n
t
s
o
f
a
cir
c
u
it
(
wir
in
g
a
n
d
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
)
.
A
b
asic
Q
C
A
ce
l
l
is
h
a
v
i
n
g
f
o
u
r
q
u
a
n
tu
m
d
o
ts
p
lace
d
at
th
e
ex
tr
e
m
e
ed
g
e
s
o
f
a
q
u
an
t
u
m
ce
ll.
Ou
t
o
f
w
h
ic
h
,
t
w
o
q
u
an
t
u
m
d
o
ts
co
n
tai
n
f
r
ee
elec
tr
o
n
s
i
n
a
d
iag
o
n
al
d
ir
ec
tio
n
.
T
h
ese
t
w
o
e
lectr
o
n
s
ca
n
ex
ch
a
n
g
e
t
h
eir
p
o
s
itio
n
s
b
y
lo
w
er
i
n
g
t
h
e
b
ar
r
ier
p
o
ten
tial
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
m
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
P
=
+1
(
lo
g
ic
0
)
o
r
P
=
-
1
(
lo
g
ic
1
)
p
o
lar
izatio
n
s
tate
[
1
6
]
as
d
ep
icted
in
F
ig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
ese
t
w
o
f
r
ee
elec
t
r
o
n
s
co
n
f
in
e
s
w
it
h
in
a
QC
A
ce
ll
an
d
ca
n
n
e
v
er
tu
n
n
el
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
ad
j
ac
en
t
QC
A
ce
lls
.
Hen
ce
w
h
en
ar
r
a
y
o
f
QC
A
ce
ll
s
p
lace
d
ad
j
ac
en
t
to
o
n
e
an
o
t
h
er
to
f
o
r
m
a
w
ir
e,
o
n
l
y
a
p
o
lar
izatio
n
s
tate
(
co
lu
m
b
ic
c
h
ar
g
e)
w
i
ll
tr
av
el
alo
n
g
th
e
w
ir
e.
Su
c
h
a
n
ar
r
a
y
o
f
Q
C
A
ce
ll
s
c
an
b
e
u
s
ed
to
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
w
ir
e
o
r
an
y
lo
g
ic
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e.
He
n
ce
th
er
e
is
les
s
p
o
w
er
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
b
ec
a
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
c
h
an
g
e
in
t
h
e
p
o
lar
is
atio
n
an
d
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
o
f
co
lu
m
b
ic
ch
ar
g
e
(
ab
s
en
ce
o
f
f
lo
w
o
f
elec
tr
o
n
s
)
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
a
QC
A
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
ca
n
b
e
an
alter
n
ativ
e
to
th
a
t
o
f
a
C
M
OS
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
.
T
h
e
d
ig
i
tal
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
in
Q
C
A
is
d
es
ig
n
ed
b
y
j
o
in
i
n
g
t
h
ese
ce
l
ls
i
n
ca
s
ca
d
e.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
QC
A
ce
lls
w
i
th
t
w
o
p
o
lar
izatio
n
s
tates
2
.
1
.
B
a
s
ic
s
t
ruct
ures
B
y
co
n
n
ec
ti
n
g
b
asic
Q
C
A
ce
l
ls
in
ca
s
ca
d
e,
a
w
ir
e
ca
n
b
e
f
o
r
m
ed
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
(
a)
.
O
th
er
QC
A
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es
li
k
e
in
v
er
ter
an
d
m
aj
o
r
ity
g
ate
o
f
t
h
r
ee
in
p
u
t
s
ca
n
also
b
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
u
s
in
g
t
h
ese
q
u
an
t
u
m
ce
lls
.
An
i
n
v
er
ter
cir
cu
it
o
f
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
b
)
in
v
er
t
it
s
s
tate
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
ce
ll
i
s
i
n
t
h
e
d
iag
o
n
al
o
r
ien
tatio
n
(
in
ter
ac
tio
n
)
w
i
th
r
e
s
p
ec
t
to
t
h
e
ad
j
ac
en
t
Q
C
A
ce
ll.
A
m
aj
o
r
ity
g
ate
w
o
r
k
s
o
n
t
h
e
p
r
in
c
ip
le
th
at
th
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
ce
ll
i
s
tr
u
e
if
m
a
j
o
r
ity
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
Q
C
A
ce
l
ls
ar
e
tr
u
e.
T
h
e
Q
C
A
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
e
o
f
a3
-
in
p
u
t
m
aj
o
r
it
y
g
ate
is
ill
u
s
tr
ated
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
(
c)
.
T
h
is
g
ate
ca
n
b
e
f
u
r
t
h
e
r
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ed
to
f
o
r
m
AND
an
d
OR
g
ate
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es.
T
h
e
f
u
n
c
tio
n
o
f
3
-
in
p
u
t
m
aj
o
r
i
t
y
g
ate
i
s
ex
h
ib
ited
b
y
t
h
e
f
o
ll
o
w
i
n
g
eq
u
atio
n
:
M
(
A
,
B
,
C
)
=
A
B
+B
C
+
AC
(
1
)
T
h
e
m
aj
o
r
it
y
g
ate
w
it
h
5
-
i
n
p
u
ts
b
ased
d
esig
n
s
ar
e
m
u
c
h
f
ast
er
an
d
ar
e
h
av
i
n
g
les
s
ar
ea
as
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
s
a
m
e
d
esi
g
n
s
m
ad
e
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
m
aj
o
r
it
y
g
ate
w
it
h
3
-
in
p
u
t
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
d
)
r
e
p
r
esen
ts
a
b
asic
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
5
-
i
n
p
u
t
m
aj
o
r
ity
g
ate.
I
ts
B
o
o
l
ea
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
is
d
escr
ib
ed
(
2
)
(
)
(
2
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
9
-
4864
I
n
t J
R
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
3
,
No
v
em
b
er
2
0
1
9
: 1
9
4
–
2
0
5
196
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
(
a)
QC
A
W
ir
e,
(
b
)
I
n
v
er
ter
g
a
te,
(
c)
3
-
I
n
p
u
t M
aj
o
r
it
y
g
a
te,
(
d
)
5
-
in
p
u
t M
aj
o
r
it
y
g
ate
2
.
2
.
Clo
ck
ing
I
n
s
w
itc
h
p
h
ase,
t
h
e
b
ar
r
ier
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
a
QC
A
ce
ll
s
tar
ts
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
,
h
e
n
ce
m
o
v
in
g
f
r
o
m
u
n
p
o
lar
ized
s
tate
to
p
o
lar
ized
s
tate.
I
n
t
h
is
s
tate,
t
h
e
p
o
lar
izatio
n
s
tate
o
f
t
h
e
QC
A
ce
ll
w
il
l
d
ep
en
d
u
p
o
n
it
s
n
eig
h
b
o
r
in
g
ce
lls
.
I
n
Ho
ld
p
h
ase,
th
e
b
ar
r
ier
p
o
ten
ti
al
w
ill
r
e
m
ain
co
n
s
tan
t
an
d
th
e
QC
A
ce
ll
is
co
m
p
letel
y
p
o
lar
ized
.
No
w
it
b
ec
o
m
es
i
n
d
ep
en
d
en
t
o
f
its
n
eig
h
b
o
r
in
g
ce
lls
.
I
n
r
elea
s
e
p
h
ase,
t
h
e
b
ar
r
ier
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
QC
A
ce
ll
s
tar
t
s
r
ed
u
cin
g
,
h
en
ce
m
o
v
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
p
o
lar
ized
s
tate
to
u
n
p
o
lar
ized
s
tate.
I
n
r
elax
p
h
ase,
th
e
b
ar
r
ier
p
o
ten
tial o
f
th
e
Q
C
A
ce
ll b
ec
o
m
e
s
ze
r
o
an
d
h
en
c
e
th
e
ce
ll
w
ill b
e
u
n
p
o
lar
ized
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
QC
A
clo
ck
i
n
g
w
it
h
f
o
u
r
p
h
ases
3.
E
XI
ST
I
N
G
5
-
I
NP
UT
M
AJ
O
RIT
Y
G
A
T
E
S B
ASE
D
O
N
Q
CA
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
3
-
in
p
u
t
m
aj
o
r
ity
g
ate
d
esi
g
n
m
an
y
r
esear
c
h
e
r
s
tr
ied
to
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
t
h
e
d
i
g
i
tal
cir
cu
it
s
u
s
i
n
g
5
-
I
n
p
u
t
m
aj
o
r
it
y
g
ate.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
d
e
s
ig
n
i
n
g
d
ig
i
t
al
cir
cu
it
s
u
s
i
n
g
5
-
i
n
p
u
t
Ma
j
o
r
it
y
g
ate
is
r
ed
u
ce
d
ar
ea
,
laten
c
y
,
f
a
s
ter
s
p
ee
d
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
th
an
t
h
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
d
esig
n
s
.
Var
io
u
s
f
i
v
e
i
n
p
u
t
m
aj
o
r
ity
g
ates
e
x
is
tin
g
in
th
e
liter
at
u
r
e
ar
e
d
escr
ib
e
d
in
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
.
Ma
n
y
d
i
g
i
tal
cir
cu
its
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ti
n
g
5
-
I
n
p
u
t
Ma
j
o
r
ity
g
ate
u
s
i
n
g
(
2
)
h
av
e
b
ee
n
d
esi
g
n
ed
i
n
[
6
,
8
,
19
,
2
2
,
2
4
].
T
h
e
d
esig
n
[
6
]
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
(
a)
,
is
u
tili
zi
n
g
o
n
l
y
1
0
QC
A
ce
lls
w
it
h
an
ar
ea
o
f
0
.
0
1
µm
2
.
T
h
is
5
-
i
n
p
u
t
m
aj
o
r
ity
g
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te
i
s
h
av
i
n
g
a
d
r
a
w
b
ac
k
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C
A
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ll
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s
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ap
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t
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ce
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T
h
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m
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ate
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[
8
]
Fig
u
r
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4
(
b
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also
u
tili
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1
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QC
A
ce
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i
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ter
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QC
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Ho
w
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r
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ted
in
[
2
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d
ep
ict
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Fig
u
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4
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,
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ies
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.
T
h
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d
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[
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an
d
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2
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Fig
u
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d
F
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(
e)
also
s
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T
h
e
d
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[
1
9
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is
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tili
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g
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QC
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h
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e
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g
5
1
QC
A
ce
lls
[
24]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t J
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f
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Sy
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t
I
SS
N:
2089
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4864
P
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r
ma
n
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ev
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lu
a
tio
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o
f a
n
efficien
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A
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t S
a
n
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h
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197
(
a)
(
b
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(
c)
(
d
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Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Va
r
io
u
s
5
-
i
n
p
u
t
m
aj
o
r
ity
g
ates (
a
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e)
d
esig
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P
RO
P
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D
F
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V
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I
NP
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AJ
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AT
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.
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Str
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l a
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T
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iv
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ate
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s
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h
a
v
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f
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s
s
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o
w
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Fi
g
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r
e
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I
t
h
as
n
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ter
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et
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p
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an
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e
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g
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f
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MG
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ig
h
.
(
a)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
9
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4864
I
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R
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o
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f
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em
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er
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9
: 1
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4
–
2
0
5
198
(
b
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u
r
e
5
.
T
h
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Pro
p
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s
ed
f
iv
e
in
p
u
t
m
aj
o
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it
y
g
ate
,
(
a)
Stru
ct
u
r
e
,
(
b
)
Sim
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lt
s
4
.
2
.
P
hy
s
ica
l
pro
o
f
T
h
e
p
r
o
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s
ed
5
-
in
p
u
t
co
p
lan
ar
m
aj
o
r
it
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g
a
te
(
P
MG
)
h
as
2
5
=
32
in
p
u
t
co
m
b
in
at
io
n
s
.
A
cc
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o
f
t
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ese
3
2
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p
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t
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m
b
i
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n
s
n
ee
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to
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e
v
er
if
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ed
b
u
t
d
u
e
to
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s
u
f
f
icie
n
t
s
p
a
ce
,
o
n
l
y
o
n
e
s
tat
e
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p
r
o
v
en
f
o
r
co
n
s
id
er
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n
.
R
est
o
f
th
e
o
t
h
er
s
tates
ca
n
b
e
s
i
m
ilar
l
y
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er
i
f
ied
.
A
ll
t
h
e
QC
A
ce
ll
s
o
f
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MG
ar
e
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f
eq
u
al
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ize
(
1
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n
m
*
1
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n
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n
d
ar
e
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ated
f
r
o
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ea
ch
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er
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y
2
n
m
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T
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e
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ch
ce
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itio
n
ed
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m
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n
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h
at
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y
m
u
s
t
ac
q
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ir
e
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i
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i
m
u
m
p
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ten
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ial
e
n
er
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y
to
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ec
o
m
e
s
tab
le.
T
h
e
les
s
er
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
e
n
er
g
y
o
f
a
q
ca
ce
ll,
th
e
m
o
r
e
s
tab
le
it
i
s
.
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h
e
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o
ten
tial
en
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g
y
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et
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o
n
ch
ar
g
e
s
i
n
a
QC
A
ce
ll c
an
b
e
ca
lc
u
lated
as:
(3
)
W
h
e
r
e
A
=
(
)
(
4
)
W
h
er
e,
U
=
P
o
ten
tial
E
n
er
g
y
,
K
=
C
o
u
lo
m
b
‟
s
la
w
C
o
n
s
tan
t,
r
=
d
is
tan
ce
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et
w
ee
n
t
w
o
elec
tr
o
n
s
an
d
q
1
an
d
q
2
ar
e
ch
ar
g
es o
f
elec
tr
o
n
s
.
∑
(5
)
W
h
er
e
U
T
=
Su
m
m
atio
n
o
f
p
o
ten
tial e
n
er
g
ie
s
[
34
,
4
4
].
I
n
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
,
th
e
s
tab
ilit
y
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
P
MG
is
d
o
n
e
o
n
o
n
e
s
tate
th
a
t
is
A
=
B
=
C
=
E
=
1
an
d
D
=
0,
b
y
f
i
n
d
in
g
th
e
p
o
ten
t
ial
en
er
g
y
b
et
w
ee
n
I
n
p
u
t
ce
ll
s
(
i.e
.
A
,
B
,
C
,
D
an
d
E
)
an
d
t
h
eir
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
m
id
d
le
ce
lls
(
I
.
e.
ce
ll
n
o
.
1
,
2
,
3
,
9
an
d
1
1
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
s
6
(
a,
b
)
s
h
o
w
s
C
e
ll
1
w
it
h
elec
tr
o
n
s
x
a
n
d
y
in
t
w
o
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
s
tates.
Ne
x
t
s
tep
is
to
f
in
d
w
h
ic
h
s
tate
i
s
m
o
r
e
s
tab
le
b
y
ca
lc
u
lati
n
g
th
eir
p
o
te
n
tial
en
e
r
g
ie
s
s
ep
ar
atel
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
R
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2089
-
4864
P
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
ev
a
lu
a
tio
n
o
f a
n
efficien
t fiv
e
in
p
u
t m
a
jo
r
ity
g
a
te
d
esig
n
in
…
(
A
ma
n
p
r
ee
t S
a
n
d
h
u
)
199
(a
)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
w
o
s
tate
s
o
f
ce
ll
1
,
(
a)
C
ell
1
=
L
o
g
ic
“
1
”
,
(
b
)
C
ell
1
=
lo
g
ic
“
0
”
Firstl
y
t
h
e
p
o
ten
tial
e
n
er
g
y
o
f
ce
ll
1
(
h
ig
h
li
g
h
ted
w
it
h
y
ello
w
co
lo
u
r
)
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
(
a)
w
i
ll
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
,
w
h
e
n
th
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
ce
ll
1
is
lo
g
ic
„
1
‟
.
T
h
e
p
o
lar
izatio
n
o
f
ce
ll
1
is
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
in
p
u
t
ce
ll
A
o
n
l
y
b
ec
au
s
e
it
is
th
e
o
n
l
y
ad
j
ac
en
t
in
p
u
t
ce
ll
f
o
r
ce
ll
1
.
T
h
e
p
o
te
n
tial
en
er
g
y
o
f
elec
tr
o
n
x
(
U
x
)
is
ca
lcu
lated
w
it
h
r
ef
er
en
ce
to
elec
tr
o
n
e1
an
d
e
2
ca
lled
as
U
x1
a
n
d
U
x2
.
I
n
t
h
e
s
i
m
illar
w
a
y
p
o
ten
tial
e
n
er
g
y
o
f
elec
tr
o
n
y
(
U
y
)
is
ca
lc
u
lated
w
it
h
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
to
elec
tr
o
n
e1
an
d
e2
ca
lled
as
U
y1
an
d
U
y2
.
T
h
e
ca
lc
u
latio
n
o
f
p
o
ten
tial
e
n
er
g
ies
U
x1
, U
x2
, U
y1
an
d
U
y2
ar
e
g
i
v
e
n
b
elo
w
:
(
)
(
)
∑
(
)
(
)
(
)
∑
(
)
(
)
W
h
er
e,
UT
11
is
th
e
to
tal
p
o
ten
tial e
n
er
g
y
o
f
ce
ll1
w
h
en
i
t is
at
th
e
„
1
‟
s
tate.
Si
m
i
lar
l
y
t
h
e
r
es
u
lts
o
f
U
x1
, U
x2
, U
y1
an
d
U
y2
ar
e
ca
lcu
lated
w
h
e
n
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
ce
ll 1
is
at
l
o
g
ic
„
0
‟
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
(
b
)
.
∑
(
)
∑
(
)
W
h
er
e,
UT
10
is
th
e
to
tal
p
o
ten
tial
en
er
g
y
o
f
ce
l
l1
w
h
e
n
it
is
at
t
h
e
„
0
‟
s
tate.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
s
s
h
o
w
s
th
a
t
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
e
n
er
g
y
o
f
UT
11
is
lo
w
er
t
h
an
t
h
e
UT
10
.
So
th
e
C
ell1
w
i
ll
ac
q
u
ir
e
th
e
p
o
lar
izatio
n
s
tate
o
f
„
1
‟
b
ec
au
s
e
it a
ch
iev
e
s
lo
w
er
p
o
te
n
tial e
n
er
g
y
w
it
h
m
o
r
e
s
tab
ilit
y
.
I
n
th
e
s
a
m
e
w
a
y
th
e
p
o
te
n
t
ial
en
er
g
ies
o
f
o
th
er
m
id
d
le
ce
lls
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
ad
j
ac
en
t
to
in
p
u
t
ce
ll
s
w
il
l
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
b
y
ass
u
m
i
n
g
t
h
e
m
t
o
b
e
at
th
e
s
tate
“
1
”
an
d
“
0
”
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
T
h
e
f
in
al
r
esu
lts
o
f
p
o
ten
tia
l
en
er
g
ie
s
f
o
r
ad
j
ac
en
t
m
id
d
le
ce
lls
(
2
,
3
,
9
,
an
d
1
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(
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
9
-
4864
I
n
t J
R
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
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l.
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,
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.
3
,
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v
em
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er
2
0
1
9
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9
4
–
2
0
5
200
Fro
m
th
e
ab
o
v
e
r
es
u
lt
s
,
it
is
cl
ea
r
th
at
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
s
ar
e
A
=
B
=
C
=
E
=
1
an
d
D
=
0
,
th
en
ce
l
l
2
,
C
ell
3
an
d
C
ell
1
1
w
ill
r
e
m
a
in
at
t
h
e
lo
g
ic
1
b
ec
au
s
e
p
o
ten
tial
en
e
r
g
ies
UT
21
,
UT
31
,
U
T
111
ar
e
le
s
s
th
a
n
UT
20
,
UT
30
an
d
UT
110
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
W
h
er
ea
s
C
ell
9
w
ill
b
e
at
t
h
e
lo
g
ic
0
b
ec
au
s
e
UT
90
is
less
er
t
h
a
n
UT
9
1
.
T
h
is
is
p
r
ac
ticall
y
tr
u
e
also
b
ec
au
s
e
its
ad
j
ac
en
t
in
p
u
t
C
e
ll
D
is
at
lo
g
ic
0
.
B
y
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
t
h
e
ac
h
ie
v
ed
r
esu
lt
s
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
QC
A
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
f
o
r
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ti
n
g
5
-
in
p
u
t
n
o
v
el
m
aj
o
r
ity
g
ate
i
s
f
u
ll
y
co
r
r
ec
t
an
d
r
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lts
in
a
p
r
ec
is
e
o
u
tp
u
t.
4
.
2
.
E
nerg
y
dis
s
ipa
t
io
n a
na
ly
s
is
L
o
w
p
o
w
er
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
,
e
v
en
b
elo
w
tr
ad
itio
n
al
KT
,
i
s
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
ai
n
f
ea
t
u
r
e
o
f
Q
C
A
n
an
o
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
.
QC
A
P
r
o
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
ac
cu
r
ate
p
o
w
er
e
s
ti
m
atio
n
to
o
l
w
h
ich
u
s
es
n
o
n
-
ad
ia
b
atic
p
o
w
er
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
m
o
d
el
to
es
ti
m
ate
t
h
e
s
w
itch
in
g
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
in
Q
C
A
[
4
4
]
.
T
h
e
b
asics
o
f
t
h
i
s
m
o
d
el
w
as
tak
e
n
f
r
o
m
q
u
asi
ad
iab
atic
m
o
d
el
i
n
[
2
3
]
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
i
s
m
o
d
el,
t
h
e
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
e
n
er
g
y
v
al
u
e
o
f
ce
ll
f
o
r
ev
er
y
clo
c
k
c
y
cle
is
d
escr
ib
ed
as:
⃗
⃗
(
6
)
W
h
er
e,
⃗
⃗
No
w
,
t
h
e
to
tal
p
o
w
er
o
f
s
i
n
g
le
QC
A
ce
ll a
t a
n
y
i
n
s
ta
n
t i
s
:
*
⃗
⃗
+
*
⃗
⃗
⃗
⃗
+
[
⃗
⃗
⃗
⃗
]
(
7
)
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
ter
m
i.e
.
*
⃗
⃗
⃗
⃗
+
in
d
icate
s
t
w
o
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
,
f
ir
s
t
is
tr
an
s
f
er
o
f
p
o
w
er
f
r
o
m
clo
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ig
n
a
l
to
th
e
QC
A
ce
ll a
n
d
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
is
p
o
w
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g
ai
n
d
u
e
to
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
in
i
n
p
u
t a
n
d
o
u
tp
u
t s
ig
n
al
p
o
w
er
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ter
m
[
⃗
⃗
⃗
⃗
]
in
d
icate
s
in
s
tan
ta
n
eo
u
s
p
o
w
er
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
.
I
n
o
n
e
clo
ck
cy
cle,
th
e
e
n
er
g
y
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
i
n
a
QC
A
ce
l
l is ca
lcu
lated
b
y
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n
teg
r
ati
n
g
o
v
er
tim
e.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
∫
∫
⃗
⃗
⃗
⃗
(
8
)
(
[
⃗
⃗
]
∫
⃗
⃗
⃗
⃗
)
(
9
)
T
h
e
v
alu
e
o
f
e
n
er
g
y
d
is
s
ip
ati
o
n
is
m
ax
i
m
u
m
f
o
r
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
ch
a
n
g
i
n
g
r
ate
o
f
⃗
.
So
th
e
u
p
p
er
b
o
u
n
d
p
o
w
er
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
i
s
g
i
v
e
n
b
y
:
〈
⃗
[
⃗
⃗
⃗
|
⃗
⃗
⃗
|
(
|
⃗
⃗
⃗
|
)
⃗
⃗
⃗
|
⃗
⃗
⃗
|
(
|
⃗
⃗
⃗
|
)
]
〉
(
1
0
)
Her
e,
r
ep
r
esen
ts
B
o
ltz
m
an
n
C
o
n
s
tan
t,
T
r
ep
r
esen
ts
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e.
T
h
e
au
t
h
o
r
o
f
[
3
3
]
h
a
s
p
r
esen
ted
a
p
o
w
er
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
m
o
d
el
i
n
w
h
ic
h
t
o
tal
p
o
w
er
is
clas
s
i
f
ied
as
le
ak
ag
e
p
o
w
er
an
d
s
w
itc
h
in
g
p
o
w
er
.
Her
e
leak
ag
e
p
o
w
er
is
a
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
at
clo
ck
tr
an
s
i
tio
n
s
at
lead
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ed
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e
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r
tr
ailin
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ed
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f
th
e
p
u
l
s
e
an
d
s
w
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h
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g
p
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w
er
lo
s
s
is
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
s
w
itc
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in
g
s
tate
o
f
th
e
ce
ll.
B
ased
u
p
o
n
th
i
s
,
a
to
o
l
ca
lled
QC
A
P
r
o
i
s
d
ev
elo
p
ed
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h
ic
h
esti
m
ates a
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p
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w
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d
is
s
i
p
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o
f
th
e
cir
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u
it.
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n
th
is
p
ap
er
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e
en
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g
y
d
i
s
s
i
p
atio
n
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
5
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in
p
u
t
co
p
lan
ar
m
aj
o
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it
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ate
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s
a
n
al
y
z
ed
.
Fo
r
th
i
s
s
w
itc
h
in
g
e
n
er
g
y
,
leak
a
g
e
e
n
er
g
y
a
n
d
to
tal
en
er
g
y
d
i
s
s
ip
atio
n
is
ca
lc
u
lated
f
o
r
th
r
ee
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
t
u
n
n
eli
n
g
en
er
g
ie
s
T
ab
le
1
at
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
T
=
2
K.
A
ls
o
t
h
e
r
es
u
l
ts
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
5
-
in
p
u
t
co
p
lan
ar
m
aj
o
r
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t
y
g
ate
is
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
i
th
t
h
e
e
x
i
s
t
in
g
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
es
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
6
,
8
,
19
,
2
2,
2
4
].
T
a
b
le
1
p
r
esen
ts
en
er
g
y
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
P
MG
an
d
th
e
p
r
ev
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u
s
ex
is
ti
n
g
d
esi
g
n
s
.
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h
e
co
m
p
ar
at
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e
r
es
u
lt
s
o
f
lea
k
ag
e
,
s
w
itc
h
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g
a
n
d
to
tal
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er
g
y
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
ar
e
al
s
o
il
l
u
s
tr
ated
i
n
Fig
u
r
es
7
(
a,
b
,
c)
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
ca
l
cu
lated
i
n
T
ab
le
1
co
n
clu
d
es
t
h
at
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
5
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i
n
p
u
t
co
p
lan
ar
m
aj
o
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ity
g
ate
d
esig
n
h
a
s
2
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s
w
i
tch
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n
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y
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1
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%
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lea
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a
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y
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ip
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h
an
t
h
e
b
es
t
co
n
f
er
r
e
d
d
esig
n
i
n
[
2
5
]
f
o
r
s
in
g
le
la
y
er
as
w
ell
as
m
u
lti
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la
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er
d
esig
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at
1
.
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E
k
tu
n
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g
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er
g
y
le
v
el.
T
h
e
ex
is
ti
n
g
d
esi
g
n
s
in
[
6
,
8
]
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
s
in
g
le
la
y
er
d
esig
n
.
So
in
th
e
g
r
ap
h
Fig
u
r
e
7
o
u
r
r
esu
lts
ar
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
o
n
l
y
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i
th
th
e
d
esi
g
n
s
th
at
ca
n
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e
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f
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r
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n
g
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la
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er
as
w
ell
a
s
m
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ltil
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s
tr
u
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u
r
es.
F
ig
u
r
e
8
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
t
h
er
m
al
la
y
o
u
t
o
f
p
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p
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f
iv
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p
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t
m
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m
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r
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2
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k
w
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0
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5
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.
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n
t
h
i
s
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e
d
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QC
A
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s
in
d
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m
o
r
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v
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n
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g
y
d
is
s
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ati
o
n
w
h
er
e
as
w
h
ite
ce
ll
s
r
ep
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
i
n
p
u
ts
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
R
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
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Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2089
-
4864
P
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I
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I
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1
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
R
ec
o
n
f
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g
u
r
ab
le
&
E
m
b
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d
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Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2089
-
4864
P
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
ev
a
lu
a
tio
n
o
f a
n
efficien
t fiv
e
in
p
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t m
a
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te
d
esig
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…
(
A
ma
n
p
r
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t S
a
n
d
h
u
)
203
Her
e
ex
is
ti
n
g
QC
A
b
ased
f
u
ll
ad
d
er
d
esig
n
s
ar
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ased
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p
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MG
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m
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F
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w
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o
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%
en
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est d
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n
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er
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ed
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s
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g
le
la
y
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as
w
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esig
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[
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]
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T
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3
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t
F
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r
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1
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5
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[
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]
95
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5
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]
79
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]
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73
0
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8
0
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5
No
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73
0
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4
0
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5
No
[
6
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61
0
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3
0
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5
No
[
9
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52
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0
4
0
.
7
5
No
[
1
3
]
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0
.
0
3
0
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7
5
No
[
1
5
]
2
9
2
0
.
6
2
3
.
5
Y
e
s
[
1
6
]
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s
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9
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1
4
5
0
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1
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s
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5
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0
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0
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1
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1
Y
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s
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6
]
1
0
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0
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2
Y
e
s
[
1
1
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71
0
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0
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1
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5
Y
e
s
P
r
o
p
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se
d
58
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0
5
1
Y
e
s
6.
CO
M
P
ARIS
O
N
O
F
P
M
G
WI
T
H
E
XI
ST
I
N
G
DE
SI
G
N
S
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
5
-
I
n
p
u
t
co
p
lan
ar
m
aj
o
r
it
y
g
ate
i
s
v
er
if
ied
b
y
a
QC
ADe
s
i
g
n
er
to
o
l.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
is
d
o
n
e
f
o
r
b
is
tab
le
a
n
d
co
h
e
r
en
ce
v
ec
to
r
s
i
m
u
latio
n
en
g
i
n
e
s
et
u
p
f
o
r
w
h
ic
h
th
e
to
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
a
m
p
le
s
tak
en
is
3
2
0
0
0
w
it
h
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
o
f
2
K.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
la
tio
n
s
o
f
P
MG
ar
e
d
o
n
e
at
th
e
d
e
f
au
lt
v
al
u
e
o
f
r
elati
v
e
p
er
m
i
tti
v
it
y
o
f
1
2
.
9
f
o
r
GaA
s
an
d
A
lGa
As
h
eter
o
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
i
m
p
le
m
en
ta
tio
n
.
T
ab
le
4
d
e
p
i
cts
th
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
P
MG
w
it
h
t
h
e
e
x
i
s
tin
g
d
e
s
ig
n
s
.
I
t
i
s
il
lu
s
tr
ated
t
h
at
t
h
e
P
MG
d
esig
n
o
cc
u
p
ies
an
ar
ea
o
f
0
.
0
1
(
µ
m
2
)
w
h
ic
h
is
5
0
% less
as c
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
b
est d
esig
n
p
r
esen
ted
in
[
2
2
]
f
o
r
s
in
g
le
la
y
er
as
w
ell
as
m
u
lt
i
-
la
y
er
d
esig
n
.
T
ab
le
4
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
P
MG
w
it
h
t
h
e
ex
i
s
ti
n
g
la
y
o
u
ts
Q
C
A
L
a
y
o
u
t
D
e
si
g
n
i
n
N
o
.
o
f
Q
C
A
c
e
l
l
s
A
r
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a
(
µ
m
2
)
I
n
t
e
r
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
S
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n
g
l
e
L
a
y
e
r
S
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
M
u
l
t
i
-
L
a
y
e
r
S
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
[
2
1
]
22
0
.
0
2
No
Y
e
s
Y
e
s
[
1
8
]
42
0
.
0
3
4
No
Y
e
s
Y
e
s
[
2
3
]
51
0
.
0
3
8
No
No
Y
e
s
P
r
o
p
o
se
d
L
a
y
o
u
t
17
0
.
0
1
No
Y
e
s
Y
e
s
7.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
t
h
is
p
ap
er
,
a
n
o
v
e
l
5
-
in
p
u
t
co
p
lan
ar
m
aj
o
r
ity
g
ate
d
esi
g
n
w
it
h
its
p
h
y
s
ical
p
r
o
o
f
is
p
r
esen
ted
.
T
h
e
d
etailed
an
aly
s
is
a
n
d
en
er
g
y
d
i
s
s
ip
atio
n
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
g
ate
w
er
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
.
T
o
au
th
en
ticat
e
th
e
co
r
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