Intern
ati
o
n
a
l
Journ
a
l of
Re
con
f
igur
able
and Embe
dded
Sys
t
ems
(I
JRES)
V
o
l.
4, N
o
. 1
,
Mar
c
h
20
15
,
pp
. 13
~21
I
S
SN
: 208
9-4
8
6
4
13
Jo
urn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
: h
ttp
://iaesjo
u
r
na
l.com/
o
n
lin
e/ind
e
x.ph
p
/
IJRES
Software Design and Develo
pment of Beverage Vending
Machine Syst
em Using ARM Architectu
r
e with LP
C2148
Sanket Dess
ai
,
Chetan R
Department o
f
C
o
mputer Engin
e
eri
ng, M.S. Ramaiah
School of A
dvanced
Studies
, Bangalore-5600
58, India
Article Info
A
B
STRAC
T
Article histo
r
y:
Received Sep 22, 2014
Rev
i
sed
No
v
24
, 20
14
Accepte
d Ja
n
2, 2015
Beverag
e
vending machine s
y
stems ar
e beco
ming popular in the Indian
m
a
rket. Th
es
e s
y
s
t
em
s
are tod
a
y av
ail
a
bl
e in I
ndian M
N
Cs
and s
o
m
e
top
rated r
e
staur
a
nts and hotels. I
n
mo
s
t
s
y
s
t
em
s
the oper
a
tion
are c
a
rri
ed
m
a
nuall
y b
y
th
e
opera
tor
in whi
c
h th
e bi
lling
an
d chang
e
m
a
kin
g
is c
a
rri
ed
out b
y
the owner who runnig
th
e shop or r
e
stau
rant. In Ind
i
a
tea and
coff
ee
habits
were cul
t
u
red b
y
th
e colo
nial
rul
e
of the British and the
Portuguese,
even tod
y
the
c
o
lonial
rule
had
been
ov
er but
the habits of tea and coff
ee
beverag
e
consumptions becomes as the
routin
e
dai
l
y
l
i
fe
. Hen
ce
ther
e is
a
need to
understand beverage vending m
achine
s
y
stems to serv
e the Indian
M
a
rket.
In this
paper,
a
crit
ic
al
anal
ys
is
of r
e
qui
rem
e
nt has
be
en
carri
ed ou
t
and th
e s
y
s
t
em
design had
been
arriv
e
d
at.The sy
stem r
e
quirement demand
an ARM
bas
e
d
c
ontrolle
r for b
e
tt
er s
y
s
t
em
perfor
m
ance.
To m
e
e
t
the s
y
s
t
em
performance cr
iteria and richest of pe
ripherals
an LPC2148 with low cost
had been s
e
le
cte
d
. The s
y
s
t
em
is
m
o
re efficien
t to
anal
y
s
e the ch
a
nge m
a
king
and the identification had been carried
out using the motors, LCDs, water
heater, solenoid
valve, money
bo
x, ch
ange makin
g
and d
i
spensing
unit.
The s
y
s
t
em
is
t
e
s
t
ed and v
a
lid
ated for
the s
p
e
c
ifi
e
d tes
t
cas
es
. The m
i
l
k
motor run for 10 rotations to
d
r
ive 200
milligr
a
ms of milk powder to the
container to make to tea or coff
ee bev
e
rage. In
this s
y
stem a stepper motor
had been
used can be r
e
placed b
y
using
d
c
m
o
to
rs to avao
id power losses. I
n
future
an ATM
or cred
it
card
ba
s
e
d pa
y
m
ent s
y
s
t
em
can
be
inco
rporated
t
o
thes
e s
y
s
t
em
s
.
Keyword:
ARM
ATM
B
e
vera
ge Ven
d
i
n
g
M
a
c
h
i
n
e
Indian Market
LPC
2
14
8
Copyright ©
201
5 Institut
e
o
f
Ad
vanced
Engin
eer
ing and S
c
i
e
nce.
All rights re
se
rve
d
.
Co
rresp
ond
i
ng
Autho
r
:
Sanket De
ssai,
Depa
rt
em
ent
of C
o
m
put
er
En
gi
nee
r
i
n
g,
M.S. Ram
a
iah
Scho
o
l
of
A
dvan
ced Stud
ies,
#
470
-
P
, Peen
y
a
In
du
str
i
al
A
r
ea, Bang
alor
e,
K
a
rn
atak
a, India. 56
005
8.
Em
a
il: san
k
e
tdessai@m
s
rsas.o
rg
1.
INTRODUCTION
A be
ve
rage
ve
ndi
ng m
achi
n
e
i
s
a sy
st
em
whi
c
h
di
spe
n
ses
beve
ra
ges s
u
c
h
as t
ea, c
o
f
f
e
e
, m
i
l
k
and
black tea.
In India m
o
st of
s
u
ch
system
s ar
e availabl
e in
m
u
l
ti-n
a
tio
n
a
l
co
m
p
an
ies, and
restau
ran
t
s.
Th
ese
mach
in
es
d
on’t h
a
v
e
th
e m
o
ney co
llectio
n or th
e ch
ang
i
ng
mak
i
n
g
un
it wi
th
in
t
h
e system. In
su
ch
cases, th
e
b
illin
g
is d
o
n
e
b
y
th
e b
u
sin
e
ss o
w
n
e
r
o
r
b
y
th
e con
cern
e
d
person
asso
ciated
with
it. In
th
i
s
p
a
p
e
r, an
attem
p
t
has bee
n
m
a
de t
o
i
n
t
r
o
d
u
ce t
h
e cash
di
s
p
en
si
ng a
nd c
h
a
n
ge m
a
ki
ng u
n
i
t
usi
ng a
n
a
d
v
a
nced
pr
ocess
o
r l
i
k
e
ARM
.
2.
REQU
IRE
M
ENTS AN
AL
YSIS
Econ
o
m
ic g
r
owth
, d
e
v
e
lop
m
en
t of cities chan
g
e
d
lif
estyle and
eatin
g &
d
r
i
n
k
i
n
g
h
a
b
its lead
ing
to
a
hu
ge m
a
rket
for v
e
n
d
i
n
g m
a
chi
n
es
. Som
e
of t
h
e re
q
u
i
r
e
m
ent
s
of be
ver
a
ge ve
ndi
ng m
achi
n
e sy
st
em
s are as
fo
llows.
The
b
e
vera
ge
ven
d
i
ng m
achi
n
e h
a
s t
o
ser
v
e t
h
e beve
ra
ges re
qui
rem
e
nt
for
t
h
e fam
i
li
es and t
h
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
089
-48
64
I
J
RES Vo
l. 4
,
N
o
. 1
,
Mar
c
h
20
15
:
13
–
21
14
so
ciety wh
en
th
ey n
eed
it. Th
e bu
sin
e
ss opp
ortun
ities fo
r su
ch
system
are in
hu
g
e
d
e
man
d
s
in
p
l
aces lik
e
schools, c
o
lleges, uni
versities, cinem
a
halls, public
gardens and va
rious
othe
r
public pl
aces. The syste
m
s
n
eed
to
b
e
self-
o
p
e
r
a
b
l
e and
sh
ou
l
d
b
e
u
s
er f
r
i
end
l
y an
d
cu
sto
m
er
su
ppor
ted
,
so
th
at the u
s
er
/custo
m
e
r
s
can
av
ail fu
ll b
e
n
e
fit o
f
su
ch
syste
m
s. Th
is syste
m
p
r
ov
id
es a
n
appropriate a
nd attractive
s
y
ste
m
display
unit t
o
attract the cust
om
er for t
h
e bevera
ges
need. It supports
a s
e
lection of but
t
ons t
o
select coffee, m
ilk, te
a, and
b
l
ack
tea with
an
attractiv
e wel-d
e
sign
ed
p
a
n
e
l. Wh
en
t
h
e
custom
er interacts with
th
e syste
m
, th
e cu
st
o
m
e
r
makes a choic
e
of t
h
eir
be
ve
rages
.
T
h
e c
u
stom
er also
inse
rts the
require
d
m
oney,
so a
m
oney acceptor
unit
is attached to
the ve
ndi
ng m
achine.
A c
h
a
nge m
a
ki
ng
unit will
m
a
ke the necessa
ry
change m
a
king whe
n
requ
ired
b
y
the cu
sto
m
er. Th
e system
d
e
sig
n
e
r h
a
s to
carefu
lly select th
e adv
a
n
ced q
u
ality b
u
tton
s
an
d
d
i
sp
lay
u
n
its co
n
s
i
d
eri
n
g all th
e safety
n
o
m
en
clatu
r
es.
Wi
th
th
is t
h
e ex
terio
r
fun
c
tio
n
a
l
requ
irem
en
t sh
ou
ld
satisfy the custom
er need and satisf
actions.
These system
s
need to
be up
l
o
ade
d
with the
necessary re
s
o
urces
suc
h
as tea, coffee, m
ilk
s
u
ga
r wh
e
n
ev
er
r
e
qu
ir
ed
.
2.
1. Tec
hnical
Specific
a
tion
Need a robust
process
o
r s
u
c
h
as ARM with a rich
set of pe
ripherals that
are low c
o
st. ARM7TDMI
is a b
e
tter co
n
t
ro
ller av
ailab
l
e with
LPC21
4
8
con
t
ro
ller w
ith
its rich
set
o
f
periph
erals. A set o
f
m
o
to
rs are
requ
ired
fo
r load
ing
d
i
fferen
t
m
a
terial fo
r th
e b
e
v
e
rag
e
m
a
k
i
ng
. Step
p
e
r m
o
to
r lead
s to
th
e reliab
ility a
n
d
l
o
w
cost source
of
m
o
tors. Steppe
r m
o
tor consis
ts of a
p
e
rm
anen
t
m
a
g
n
e
t ro
t
a
tin
g
sh
aft called
th
e ro
tor and
th
e
electrom
a
gnets whic
h are
surrounde
d to t
h
e
shaft a
r
e ca
lled the stator.
T
h
e electrom
a
gnets are e
n
ergi
zed by
an exte
rnal c
ontrol circ
uit,
su
ch
as
ARM con
t
ro
ller.
To
m
a
k
e
th
e m
o
to
r shaft tu
rn
,
first,
on
e electro
m
a
g
n
e
t is
gi
ve
n
po
we
r.
I
n
t
h
i
s
desi
gn
, a
hi
g
h
t
o
r
q
ue st
eppe
r m
o
t
o
r
w
h
i
c
h
d
r
i
v
es m
o
re
po
wer
i
s
use
d
.
Ext
r
em
e vari
at
i
ons i
n
t
e
m
p
erat
ure (t
oo
col
d
, t
oo
h
o
t
)
ca
n
spoi
l
t
h
e
dri
n
k
s
an
d dam
a
ge t
h
e m
o
t
o
rs.
Hence
,
a t
e
m
p
erat
ure c
o
nt
r
o
l
l
e
r i
s
req
u
i
r
e
d
t
o
m
oni
t
o
r t
h
e t
e
m
p
erat
ure
of t
h
e sy
st
em
com
pone
nt
s a
nd t
h
e
mo
t
o
r
s
.
Th
e so
leno
id
v
a
lv
es are m
a
in
ly u
s
ed
in
tea / c
o
ffee
vending m
achines syste
m
s.
These
l
i
qui
d
di
spe
n
si
n
g
val
v
es are r
e
l
i
a
bl
e and
depe
n
d
a
b
l
e
l
o
w
press
u
re val
v
e
s
desi
gne
d t
o
di
spe
n
se wat
e
r o
r
sim
i
l
a
r
liq
u
i
d fro
m
tan
k
.
It
h
a
s a bu
ilt-in
flow con
t
roller fo
r preci
se
co
n
t
ro
l. It is d
e
sig
n
e
d
&
d
e
v
e
lo
p
e
d to
m
eet harsh
trop
ical d
e
m
a
n
d
s.
T
h
e sol
e
n
o
i
d val
v
e m
a
i
n
ly
fi
nds ap
pl
i
cat
i
on
in coffee
vending m
achines. It has two coils
fo
r do
u
b
l
e
co
n
t
rol
an
d has a cont
rol
l
e
d
f
o
r
w
ar
d
flow as
well as a reve
rse leaka
g
e c
o
ntrol.
So
len
o
i
d
Valv
e
is
use
d
t
o
c
ont
rol
t
h
e fl
o
w
of
h
o
t
wat
e
r f
o
r t
h
e
pre
p
arat
i
o
n
of
coffee, tea, m
i
lk and
bl
ack
tea. A so
leno
id valv
e
is an electrom
echanical
valve for
us
e with liq
u
i
d. Th
e valv
e is con
t
ro
lle
d by a
n
electric current t
h
rough
a
so
leno
id
; i
n
t
h
e case
o
f
a t
w
o-po
rt
v
a
l
v
e th
e flow is switc
h
e
d
o
n
or
o
ff;
i
n
t
h
e case
o
f
a
t
h
ree
-
po
rt
val
v
e,
t
h
e
o
u
t
flow is swi
t
ch
ed
b
e
tween th
e two
o
u
tlet p
o
rts.
Wate
r heating Coil
conve
r
ts elect
rical energy into
heat
ener
gy
.
B
e
ve
r
a
ge
ve
ndi
ng
m
achi
n
e
sy
st
em
s uses
wat
e
r
hea
t
i
ng c
o
i
l
t
o
get
hot
wat
e
r
w
h
i
c
h i
s
re
qui
re
d
f
o
r t
h
e
pre
p
arat
i
o
n o
f
hot
be
vera
ges.
A ve
ndi
ng m
achi
n
e c
onsi
s
t
s
of a m
oney
bo
x com
p
ri
si
ng
of c
u
r
r
enc
y
det
ect
or an
d cu
rre
ncy
dispe
n
se
r.
It ac
cepts
paym
ent
and dis
p
e
n
ses t
h
e c
h
ange
to t
h
e c
u
stom
er. T
h
e
process
involves
exam
ining the
cur
r
ency
t
h
at
has bee
n
i
n
se
r
t
ed, an
d by
u
s
i
ng
vari
ous
t
e
sts, d
e
term
in
e if th
e cu
rren
cy is co
un
terfeit. In
ope
ration, if the ite
m is
accepted, it is retain
ed by th
e
m
a
c
h
ine and place
d in a storage
device.
If the ite
m
is
reject
e
d
, t
h
e
m
achi
n
e ret
u
r
n
s t
h
e i
t
e
m
.
Lat
e
r base
d
on
cust
om
er’s sel
ect
i
on
of
beve
rage
, t
h
e
ope
r
a
t
i
on i
s
prece
de
d. For
the syste
m
a
weathe
rproof LCD scree
n
that
is installed at the front fac
e
of the m
achine as a
user interface i
s
use
d
. T
h
e sc
reen prov
i
d
es an
inte
ractive user
interface fo
r
user to select a desi
red produc
t
whet
her tea,
black tea,
coffee
,
or c
o
ld c
o
ffee.
Th
e LC
D screen
altern
ately will d
i
sp
lay p
r
elo
a
d
e
d
ad
v
e
rtise
m
en
t i
m
ag
es o
n
e
at a tim
e
wh
en
th
ere is
no i
n
terface
wi
th the use
r
. The vide
o will be
cleared whe
n
a user
wishes t
o
buy so
m
e
thing from
the
machine
by
si
m
p
l
y
pressi
ng t
h
e
ri
g
h
t
s
w
i
t
c
h.
Fo
r e
v
e
r
y
el
ect
ro
ni
c d
e
vi
ce t
h
e
r
e i
s
a
nee
d
f
o
r
po
we
r s
u
p
p
l
y
t
o
c
o
n
duct
its o
p
e
ration
.
It is eq
u
i
pp
ed
with
a b
a
ttery th
at ab
le to
stores en
erg
y
wh
ich
sufficien
t eno
ugh
fo
r th
e m
ach
in
e
to and a
n
electric supply
backup.
A ve
ndi
ng m
a
chine rea
d
s c
u
rre
ncy base
d
on t
h
e phys
ical characteristics of
indivi
dual pieces of
currency s
u
ch
as the diam
e
t
e
r
, th
i
c
k
n
ess a
n
d ri
d
g
es o
f
t
h
e
edge.
A Ve
n
d
i
ng M
achi
n
e s
cans pa
per m
oney
by
au
to
m
a
ted
d
e
n
o
m
in
atio
n
reco
gn
itio
n. The p
r
im
ary
meth
od
v
e
nd
ing
m
ach
in
es u
s
e to
recogn
ize th
e
den
o
m
i
nat
i
on
of
pa
per m
o
n
e
y
i
s
t
h
ro
u
gh
a
m
a
gnet
i
c
sc
an,
pap
e
r c
u
r
r
e
ncy
i
s
p
r
i
n
t
e
d wi
t
h
m
a
gnet
i
c
i
nk,
si
m
ilar to
th
e in
k
on
th
e M
I
C
R
lin
e o
f
a check
, t
h
at m
a
k
e
s it easily id
en
tifiab
l
e to
m
a
c
h
in
es
with
m
a
g
n
e
tic
scan
ners
whet
her i
t
i
s
a ori
g
i
n
al
cur
r
ency
or
not
.
In a
d
di
t
i
on, eac
h de
n
o
m
i
nat
i
on i
s
m
a
rked
wi
t
h
d
i
ffere
nt
fl
u
o
resce
n
t
p
r
ope
rt
i
e
s. M
a
n
y
vendi
n
g
m
a
chi
n
es a
nd
ot
her m
achines
that read pa
per c
u
rrency
use an
u
ltrav
i
o
let lig
ht to
scan
th
e b
i
l
l
an
d g
i
v
e
t
h
e ap
pro
p
ri
ate cre
d
it i.e. what amount
of
cu
rre
nc
y
i
s
bei
n
g
fed
.
The c
u
rre
n
cy
dispe
n
sing m
echanism
as an electri
c eye that c
o
unts the
each
bill as i
t
exits the
dispe
n
se
r, i
n
m
oney
stack i
n
whic
h the
r
e
wi
ll be se
parate
s
l
ots for differe
n
t am
ount, so
that it will be
help full
whi
l
e
di
spe
n
si
ng m
oney
,
cur
r
e
ncy
pape
r n
o
t
e
di
spen
ser u
n
i
t
wi
l
l
be havi
n
g
a rol
l
e
r an
d a ho
ppe
r by
usi
ng t
h
i
s
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I
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8
Software
De
sign and Development of
Bever
ag
e Ve
nding M
a
chine
Syste
m
Using A
R
M …
(S
an
ket D
e
ssa
i
)
15
not
e
i
s
p
u
l
l
e
d out
of
t
h
e st
ack up
o
n
rec
e
i
v
i
n
g
si
g
n
al
f
r
o
m
ho
st pro
cessor
,
sim
ilar
l
y differe
nt sized coins are
placed i
n
different slots it
dispense
t
h
e
e
x
act am
ount upon receiving
th
e
signal
from
the host
process
o
r.
Safety feat
u
r
es are n
e
ed
ed
for th
e
pro
t
ection
o
f
th
is
m
ach
ine
wh
ich
will be o
p
e
rated
sm
o
o
t
h
l
y. So
m
e
of the sa
fety fe
atures:
In
su
latio
n Syste
m
: To
k
eep all cab
les and
d
e
v
i
ces
wel
l
in
su
lated
as to
m
a
in
tain
i
t
s lo
ng
ev
ity an
d
effective
n
ess.
To
pre
v
e
n
t
t
h
e
devi
ces
f
r
om
sho
r
t
-
ci
rc
ui
t
.
Relay: to
pro
t
ect fro
m
any excessive
curre
nt
Circuit Brea
ke
rs: T
o
protect a
n
electrical circuit fr
om
dam
a
ge ca
use
d
by
o
v
erl
o
ad
o
r
s
h
or
t
ci
rcui
t
.
3.
DESIG
N
A
N
D
DEVELOP
M
ENT
Whe
n
t
h
e cas
h is ins
e
rted into t
h
e c
u
rrency accepto
r, t
h
e m
a
gnetic scan sca
n
s t
h
e c
a
sh to detect
wh
et
h
e
r it is an
o
r
i
g
in
al
o
r
fak
e
cu
rren
cy. Th
en th
e u
ltra
violet scans
the
cash t
o
k
now
t
h
e
v
a
lu
e of
t
h
e cash.
On
ce t
h
e v
a
l
u
e o
f
th
e cash
is
k
nown
it return
s th
e rem
a
in
in
g
am
o
u
n
t
if th
e cash
i
n
serted
is m
o
re th
an
th
at o
f
the value
of the respective
be
vera
ges.
C
o
ins
are detected
based on the di
a
m
eter and the t
h
ickness.
The
bloc
k
di
ag
ram
of t
h
e
beve
ra
ge
ven
d
i
n
g
m
achi
n
e sy
st
em
i
s
sho
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1.
3.
1.
Seq
u
ence
o
f
O
p
era
ti
on
to
M
a
ke
B
e
ve
rage
In
itially th
e L
C
D d
i
sp
lay will b
e
d
i
sp
layin
g
so
m
e
ad
v
e
rtisem
en
ts
lik
e”
WELC
OME TO BEVER
AGE
V
E
NDI
NG
M
A
CHI
N
E SY
STEM”.
It g
e
ts cleared
wh
en
t
h
e user
p
r
ess th
e switch
to
g
e
t th
e b
e
v
e
rag
e
. Bel
o
w
th
e LCD
d
i
sp
lay th
ere
will be
switches
for te
a, s
uga
rless tea
,
coffee
,
c
o
ld
co
ffee.
Th
is is sh
own
in fi
g
u
re
2
.
After pressi
n
g
th
e ri
g
h
t
k
e
y it
will d
i
sp
lay the co
st
for
resp
ectiv
e b
e
v
e
rag
e
s. It is shown belo
w
TEA
10/
-
BLACK TE
A
10
/-
COFFE
E
10
/-
The system
asks to e
n
ter t
h
e
am
ount.
The
n
t
h
e am
ount is
inserte
d
into the coin
acce
ptor/detector. The
n
it
det
ect
s t
h
e am
ount
ent
e
red
i
s
val
i
d
or n
o
t
.
Al
s
o
i
t
scans pa
per m
o
n
e
y
by
aut
o
m
a
ted de
nom
i
n
at
i
o
n
reco
g
n
i
t
i
on.
I
f
i
t
’
s n
o
t
a
val
i
d
am
ount
t
h
e
n
i
t
i
s
ret
u
rne
d
bac
k
.
Once
it detects
the
valid am
ount, corre
sponding m
o
tor
will run a
n
d
does
appropri
ate m
i
xing to
get t
h
e
req
u
i
r
e
d
beve
r
a
ges.
3.
2.
Mi
xi
ng
R
a
ti
o t
o
M
a
ke
t
h
e B
e
ver
a
ge
To p
r
epa
r
e co
ffee,
20
0 m
i
ll
igram
s
of m
i
l
k
po
wde
r
,
10
0
m
i
ll
i
g
ram
s
of
cof
f
ee p
o
w
d
e
r
, hot
wat
e
r i
s
req
u
ire
d
.
To
p
r
ep
are tea, 20
0 m
i
llig
ra
ms of m
ilk
p
o
wder,
12
0 m
i
llig
ra
m
s
o
f
tea
po
wd
er,
h
o
t
water i
s
req
u
i
red.
To
p
r
ep
are b
l
ack
tea,
1
6
0
m
i
llig
ram
s
o
f
tea p
o
wd
er an
d
ho
t water is requ
ired
.
Here m
i
lk
po
wd
er is no
t
req
u
ire
d
.
3.3.
Time Rre
quired
to Deli
ver
the Be
ver
age
In case
o
f
coffee, th
e m
o
to
r
will d
r
op
2
0
millig
ra
m
s
o
f
powd
e
r i
n
to
a con
t
ain
e
r fo
r ev
ery ro
tatio
n
.
Hen
c
e
th
e milk
m
o
to
r will ro
tate for 1
0
tim
es to
d
r
op
200
m
g
o
f
milk
p
o
w
d
e
r.
Co
ffee m
o
to
r will ro
tate for
5
t
i
m
e
s t
o
dr
op
10
0m
g o
f
co
ff
ee p
o
w
d
e
r
. T
h
en
hot
wat
e
r
s
u
p
p
l
y
i
s
gi
ve
n
t
o
t
h
e c
o
nt
ai
ne
r an
d m
i
xed, t
h
en
su
pp
lied to
t
h
e
cu
p.
In
case
o
f
tea, th
e
m
ilk
m
o
t
o
r
will ro
tate fo
r
1
0
tim
es to
d
r
o
p
2
0
0
m
g
o
f
m
ilk
p
o
w
d
e
r. Tea m
o
to
r will
rot
a
t
e
f
o
r
6 t
i
m
es t
o
dr
o
p
12
0
m
g of t
ea
po
w
d
er
.
In
case of b
l
ack
tea, tea
m
o
to
r will ro
tate for 8
ti
m
e
s to
d
r
o
p
1
6
0
m
g
o
f
tea p
o
wd
er. And
mix
e
d
with
th
e
h
o
t
water.
Here milk
is no
t req
u
i
red.
Th
e tim
e req
u
i
red is calcu
lated
b
a
sed
o
n
th
e
ro
tation
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
to
r.
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I
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:
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64
I
J
RES Vo
l. 4
,
N
o
. 1
,
Mar
c
h
20
15
:
13
–
21
16
Fi
gu
re
1.
B
l
oc
k
Di
ag
ram
of t
h
e B
e
vera
ge
V
e
ndi
ng
M
achi
n
e Sy
st
em
As shown
in
Fig
u
re 3
th
e syste
m
is p
r
imarily
dri
v
e
n
b
y
curre
nt
GP
S
l
o
cat
i
ons o
f
f
i
shi
n
g vessel
hence
on the
input side
GP
S recei
ver m
odule
is inte
rfa
ced.
The
data from
GPS
re
ceiver is
recei
ved in
standa
rd NME
A
form
at in the form
of
pac
k
et digital data. An input
key
p
ad m
odule is
use
d
to
facilitate the
en
tering
of p
a
sscod
e for au
t
h
eticatio
n
of op
erat
o
r
. Th
e ou
tpu
t
p
e
ri
p
h
e
rals will co
n
s
ist o
f
a d
i
sp
lay u
n
it to
d
i
sp
lay
v
a
ri
o
u
s m
e
ssag
e
no
tificatio
n
s
to
operato
r in run
time co
nd
itio
n
s
. Th
e EEPROM m
e
m
o
ry is u
s
ed
to
support storage of GPS data
along
with tim
e sta
m
ps
in
case of
distres
s
signalling em
ula
ting blac
k box
su
ppo
rt. Th
e
actu
a
to
rs
for fu
el in
j
ection
cu
t-o
f
f du
ri
n
g
b
oun
d
a
ry cro
s
so
ver co
nd
ition
s
and
a bu
zzer fo
r
warn
ing
b
e
ep
s wh
ile n
e
aring in
tern
ation
a
l mariti
me
bou
n
d
ary
i
s
al
so p
r
ovi
ded
.
The
G
S
M
m
odem
i
s
al
so
in
terfaced
fo
r su
ppo
rting
d
e
liv
ery of d
i
stress
m
e
ssag
e
to
base statio
n or
co
ast
g
u
a
rd
.
The pr
o
c
essing
l
o
g
i
c for
th
e syste
m
is s
p
lit u
p
acro
ss
two
co
m
p
u
ting p
l
atfo
rm
s o
f
si
m
i
lar sp
ecificatio
n
s
. Th
e reaso
n
s for u
s
i
n
g two
pl
at
fo
rm
s i
n
cl
ude t
h
e l
ack of
adeq
uat
e
am
ount
of G
P
I
O
pi
n
s
for i
n
t
e
r
f
aci
n
g
cert
a
i
n
pe
ri
p
h
eral
s an
d t
h
e nee
d
for m
u
ltip
le UART
p
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
co
m
p
atib
le tran
sm
it
ter and
receiv
e
r
p
i
n
s
.
3.
4.
Impl
eme
nta
t
i
o
n
B
e
vera
ge
ve
nd
i
n
g
m
achi
n
e s
y
st
em
im
pl
ement
a
t
i
o
n
us
i
n
g
ARM process
o
r is ca
rrie
d
out. It i
n
cludes
soft
ware
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
i
ng a
n
d
har
d
ware c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
l
i
k
e
m
o
t
o
rs, LC
D
s
, heat
e
r
, t
e
m
p
erat
ure
se
nso
r
s, cas
h
di
spe
n
se
r m
odul
e, cha
nge m
a
ker
,
rol
l
e
rs a
n
d
bel
t
s
. I
m
pl
em
ent
a
t
i
on on
AR
M
based
pr
ocess
o
r al
o
n
g
wi
t
h
i
t
s
peri
phe
ral
s
i
s
do
ne
by
devel
opi
ng t
h
e C
code
.
D
i
ffe
rent
ci
rcui
t
s
use
d
fo
r t
h
i
s
im
pl
em
ent
a
t
i
on ha
d bee
n
m
odel
e
d and a
n
al
y
s
ed. M
o
st
of t
h
e
o
p
erat
i
o
nal
m
odel
s
are dy
nam
i
c, di
scret
e
-cha
n
g
e an
d st
oc
hast
i
c
, w
h
i
c
h
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I
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Software
De
sign and Development of
Bever
ag
e Ve
nding M
a
chine
Syste
m
Using A
R
M …
(S
an
ket D
e
ssa
i
)
17
in
v
a
riab
ly n
e
ed
a co
m
p
u
ting facility to
see th
e resu
lt with
in
a
g
i
v
e
n
time.Th
e system h
a
d
b
e
en
si
m
u
la
ted
usi
n
g t
h
e
Ki
el
t
ool
a
n
d t
h
e
LP
C
2
1
4
8
AR
M
b
o
ar
d as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
3.
Fi
gu
re 2.
Fl
o
w
chart
fo
r
t
h
e D
e
vel
o
ped
B
e
ve
rage
Ve
n
d
i
n
g M
achi
n
e Sy
st
em
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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:
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64
I
J
RES Vo
l. 4
,
N
o
. 1
,
Mar
c
h
20
15
:
13
–
21
18
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
A
R
M
b
a
sed
LPC2148
B
o
ard
4.
RESULTS
Fi
gu
re
4.
Di
s
p
l
a
y
i
ng
Wel
c
om
e m
e
ssage and
B
e
vera
ge C
o
st
s
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8
Software
De
sign and Development of
Bever
ag
e Ve
nding M
a
chine
Syste
m
Using A
R
M …
(S
an
ket D
e
ssa
i
)
19
Fi
gu
re
5.
Ent
e
r
i
ng t
h
e
Am
oun
t
Fig
u
re
6
.
In
d
i
cates Bu
tto
n‘t’ is Pressed and
Milk
Mo
tor Run
n
i
n
g
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:
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64
I
J
RES Vo
l. 4
,
N
o
. 1
,
Mar
c
h
20
15
:
13
–
21
20
Fig
u
re
7
.
In
d
i
cates Tea Mo
t
o
r Run
n
i
n
g
and
t
h
e
In
itial Temp
erat
u
r
e
Fi
gu
re
8.
I
ndi
c
a
t
e
s Fi
nal
Tem
p
erat
ure
o
f
t
h
e
sy
st
em
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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I
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Software
De
sign and Development of
Bever
ag
e Ve
nding M
a
chine
Syste
m
Using A
R
M …
(S
an
ket D
e
ssa
i
)
21
In
terfacing
is
d
o
n
e
b
y
UART and
it d
i
sp
lays th
e m
e
ssag
e
in
UART wi
n
dow wh
en
the p
r
og
ram
is
ex
ecu
ted
.
In
itially it d
i
sp
lays th
e
welco
m
e m
e
ssag
e
fo
llowed b
y
t
h
e
b
e
v
e
rag
e
s t
h
at are av
ailab
l
e with
its
p
r
ices.
Th
ese messag
e
s
will b
e
d
i
sp
layed
on
LC
D
d
i
sp
lay
and
b
e
l
o
w th
at th
ere
will b
e
b
u
tton
s
t
o
select th
e
beve
ra
ge
of t
h
e cust
om
er’s choi
ce.
T
h
i
s
i
s
s
h
o
w
n i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
4.
Aft
e
r
di
spl
a
y
i
n
g
t
h
e m
e
ssages, i
t
t
h
en asks f
o
r ent
e
ri
n
g
t
h
e
am
ount
. T
h
en
i
f
t
h
e cust
om
er ent
e
rs t
h
e
am
ount
,
pr
oces
si
ng i
s
d
o
n
e an
d rem
a
i
n
i
ng a
m
ount
i
s
gi
ven
back t
o
t
h
e cu
st
om
er. Thi
s
i
s
sho
w
n i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e 5.
It
in
d
i
cates th
e bu
tto
n‘t’ is pressed
fo
r t
ea.
As so
on
as th
is
bu
tto
n
is
p
r
essed
,
th
e si
g
n
a
l is g
i
v
e
n
to
th
e
m
o
to
rs.
In
itially th
e
mi
lk
m
o
to
r ru
ns for 10
ro
tations to
d
r
iv
e
2
0
0
mil
lig
ram
s
o
f
milk
p
o
w
d
e
r t
o
th
e con
t
ain
e
r. Th
e
milk
m
o
to
r
which
run
s
is shown in
t
h
e
GP
I
O
po
rt
0
.
Thi
s
i
s
sh
ow
n i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
6.
It shows after
th
e m
ilk
m
o
to
r h
a
s run
for
10 ro
tatio
n
s
, th
e
tea m
o
to
r start
s
ro
tatin
g and
run
s
un
til 6
ro
tation
s
as it
requ
ires driv
i
n
g
1
60 m
i
llig
ram
s
o
f
tea
powd
e
r in
to th
e co
n
t
ain
e
r i
n
which
m
ilk
p
o
wder is
already pre
s
ent. The tea
m
o
tor whic
h ru
n
s
is sh
own
in
the GPIO po
rt
1
.
Th
is is sh
own
in
Fig
u
re 7. Fig
u
re
8
sho
w
s t
h
e
fi
n
a
l
t
e
m
p
erat
ure
du
ri
n
g
t
h
e be
vera
ge m
i
xi
ng i
s
done
wi
t
h
hot
wat
e
r. T
h
en i
t
sho
w
s t
h
at
t
h
e
beve
ra
ge i
s
rea
d
y
.
5.
CO
NCL
USI
O
N
In t
h
is d
e
sig
n
a step
per m
o
tor
whic
h
has
low e
ffi
cien
cy i.e. th
e m
o
to
r
draws sub
s
t
a
n
tial p
o
wer
reg
a
rd
less of l
o
ad.
In
stead
if
a u
s
e d
c
m
o
to
r
it h
a
s
h
i
gh
effi
cien
cy, it can ap
pro
ach 90
% at little lo
ad
s.
Also
d
c
m
o
tor had m
u
ch re
duced ste
p
per m
o
tor.
Inst
ead of acce
pting the c
o
ins a
nd cas
h, if an atte
m
p
t can be m
a
de to
im
prove it to a
ccept ATM cre
d
it cards it would be a better
option to cust
omers as it
jus requi
res a card
swipe
.
Also
there
will b
e
so
m
e
p
r
ob
lem
s
o
ccu
rred
wh
en
th
e cu
sto
m
ers en
ter h
i
gh
curren
c
y n
o
t
es, i
n
th
i
s
case
so
m
e
ti
mes it
wou
l
d
b
e
d
i
fficu
lt to
ret
u
rn
back
th
e
rem
a
in
in
g
am
o
u
n
t
to
th
e cu
st
o
m
ers. Also
i
n
stead
of u
s
i
n
g
swi
t
c
hes o
r
b
u
t
t
ons i
n
t
h
e de
si
gn t
h
e sy
st
em
can im
prov
e by
addi
n
g
a t
ouc
h scree
n
.
Si
nce b
u
t
t
ons
can get
j
a
mmed
.
On
ce
it g
e
ts j
a
mm
ed
it
is v
e
ry to
u
g
h
for th
e cu
st
omers to select
the be
vera
ges of their choices. Cash
bo
x secu
ri
t
y
is a
m
a
i
n
pro
b
l
em
, so by
usi
ng som
e
cam
e
ras or se
rve
r
t
r
acki
n
g we can p
u
t
som
e
safet
y
m
easures
o
n
t
h
e be
vera
ge
ve
n
d
i
n
g m
achi
n
e.
REFERE
NC
ES
[1]
N.d, “Old World
High Tech
,Wor
ld First Vending
Machine”,
Smith
sonian Magazine.
[2]
Rainer Leupers
and Peter Marw
edel,
“Function Inlining under code size cons
tr
aints for Embedded Processors”,
Proceed
ing of
th
e 1999 I
E
E
E
/AC
M
Internat
ional
Conferenc
e
on
C
o
mputer-Adided
Design
, pp
253-
256,1999.
[3]
Jermy
Lau
,
Stefan Schoenmackers, Ti
moth
y
Sherwood and
Brad Cald
er, “
Reducing Code Size with Ech
o
Instruc
tions
”, P
r
oceed
ing of th
e 2003 Int
e
rnat
ional Conf
eren
c
e
on Com
p
liers
,Archit
ectu
r
e
an
d S
y
nthesis for
embedded S
y
s
t
ems, pp. 84-94
, O
c
t 2003
.
[4]
Charles Lefurg
y, Peter Bird
, I-cheng chen
and
Trey
or Mudge, “
Improving Co
de Density usin
g Compression
Techniquies
”, P
r
oceed
ings
of th
e
30
th
Annual ACM/IEEE Intern
ational
S
y
mposiu
m on Microarch
itecture,
pp
.194-
203, Dec 1997
.
[5]
User Manual LP
C2148-EDU BOARD-V1.1
NGX Technolog
ies
.
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