I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
Rec
o
nfig
ura
ble a
nd
E
m
be
dd
e
d Sy
s
t
e
m
s
(
I
J
R
E
S
)
Vo
l.
5
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
2
0
1
6
,
p
p
.
17
~
4
1
IS
SN:
2089
-
4864
17
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ia
e
s
jo
u
r
n
a
l.c
o
m/o
n
lin
e/in
d
ex
.
p
h
p
/I
J
RES
An Ency
clo
pedia
Co
v
erag
e of Co
m
piler’s,
P
ro
g
ra
mm
er
’s &
Si
m
ula
tor’s f
o
r
80
5
1
,
PIC,
A
VR,
A
RM
,
Ard
uino
E
mbedded
Techno
lo
g
ies
Ana
nd
Na
y
y
a
r
*
,
Vi
k
ra
m
P
u
ri
**
*
D
e
p
a
rt
m
e
n
t
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ter A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s &
IT
KCL
In
stit
u
te
o
f
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
Ja
lan
d
h
a
r
,
In
d
ia
**
M
e
m
b
e
r
-
A
CM
,
th
e
IRED,
IA
ENG
,
In
d
ia
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
No
v
3
,
2
0
1
5
R
ev
i
s
ed
J
an
1
8
,
2
0
1
6
A
cc
ep
ted
Feb
1
1
,
2
0
1
6
In
t
o
d
a
y
’s
w
o
rld
,
e
v
e
ry
th
in
g
f
ro
m
s
m
a
ll
n
e
e
d
le
to
a
irp
lan
e
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
is
su
rro
u
n
d
e
d
b
y
e
m
b
e
d
d
e
d
sy
ste
m
s.
Em
b
e
d
d
e
d
S
y
ste
m
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
n
o
t
o
n
ly
la
y
s
f
o
u
n
d
a
ti
o
n
f
o
r
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
b
u
t
is
a
lso
a
c
ti
n
g
a
s
Ba
c
k
b
o
n
e
f
o
r
m
a
n
k
in
d
in
a
lm
o
st i
n
e
v
e
r
y
a
r
e
a
o
f
sc
ien
c
e
,
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
re
se
a
rc
h
a
n
d
d
a
il
y
l
iv
in
g
.
T
h
e
w
o
rld
o
f
e
m
b
e
d
d
e
d
s
y
ste
m
s
is
m
a
in
ly
su
rro
u
n
d
e
d
b
y
:
M
icro
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
rs
a
n
d
M
icro
p
r
o
c
e
ss
o
r’s.
T
o
w
o
rk
in
th
e
a
re
a
o
f
E
m
b
e
d
d
e
d
S
y
ste
m
s
d
e
sig
n
a
n
d
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
is
in
tere
stin
g
a
n
d
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
in
g
-
In
tere
stin
g
in
th
e
se
n
se
,
a
s
e
v
e
r
y
th
in
g
is
g
e
tt
in
g
in
telli
g
e
n
t,
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
a
n
d
f
e
a
tu
re
rich
d
a
y
b
y
d
a
y
a
n
d
th
e
e
m
b
e
d
d
e
d
s
y
ste
m
’
s
f
ield
is
p
ro
g
re
ss
in
g
b
y
l
e
a
p
s
a
n
d
b
o
u
n
d
s
.
Bu
t
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
in
g
in
th
e
w
a
y
,
th
a
t
re
so
u
rc
e
s
a
r
e
v
e
r
y
li
m
it
e
d
in
ter
m
s
o
f
d
e
sig
n
a
n
d
im
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
.
T
h
e
m
o
st
i
m
p
o
rtan
t
c
ru
c
ial
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
n
o
wa
d
a
y
s
in
f
ro
n
t
o
f
e
m
b
e
d
d
e
d
sy
ste
m
e
n
g
in
e
e
rs
a
r
e
-
Wh
ic
h
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
r
to
Us
e
?
W
h
i
c
h
c
o
m
p
il
e
r
t
o
u
s
e
fo
r
s
o
u
r
c
e
c
o
d
e
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
?
Wh
ic
h
si
m
u
la
t
o
r
to
u
s
e
to
si
m
u
l
a
te
th
e
o
v
e
r
a
ll
b
e
h
a
v
io
r
o
f
sy
ste
m
?
A
s
e
v
e
r
y
c
o
m
p
il
e
r,
p
r
o
g
ra
m
m
e
r
a
n
d
sim
u
lato
r
h
a
s
d
isti
n
c
t
f
e
a
tu
re
s,
so
se
le
c
ti
n
g
th
e
b
e
st
o
n
e
a
s
p
e
r
o
n
e
’s
re
q
u
irem
e
n
t
h
a
s
a
l
w
a
y
s
re
m
a
in
e
d
a
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
.
T
h
e
m
a
in
a
i
m
o
f
th
is
re
se
a
r
c
h
p
a
p
e
r
is
t
o
o
v
e
rc
o
m
e
th
a
t
d
if
f
icu
lt
y
b
y
p
ro
v
id
in
g
th
e
re
se
a
rc
h
e
rs
a
n
d
e
m
b
e
d
d
e
d
sy
ste
m
e
n
g
in
e
e
rs
a
n
e
n
c
y
c
lo
p
e
d
ic
p
latf
o
rm
o
f
c
o
m
p
il
e
rs,
p
ro
g
ra
m
m
e
rs
a
n
d
sim
u
lato
rs
f
o
r
a
ll
so
rts
o
f
e
m
b
e
d
d
e
d
sy
ste
m
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
li
k
e
8
0
5
1
,
P
IC
,
A
RM
,
A
V
R
a
n
d
A
rd
u
in
o
so
th
a
t
c
h
o
o
sin
g
o
f
th
e
b
e
st
p
latf
o
rm
in
ter
m
s
o
f
c
o
m
p
il
e
r,
p
ro
g
ra
m
m
e
r
a
n
d
sim
u
lato
r
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
m
e
e
a
s
y
a
n
d
ti
m
e
sa
v
in
g
f
o
r
e
v
e
r
y
o
n
e
w
o
rk
in
g
in
th
is
a
re
a
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
:
8051
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
AR
M
A
V
R
C
o
m
p
i
ler
s
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
te
m
s
P
I
C
P
r
o
g
r
am
m
er
s
Si
m
u
lato
r
s
Co
p
y
rig
h
t
©
2
0
1
6
In
stit
u
te o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
S
c
ien
c
e
.
Al
l
rig
h
ts
re
se
rv
e
d
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
An
a
n
d
Na
y
y
ar
,
Ass
i
s
tan
t P
r
o
f
ess
o
r
,
Dep
ar
tm
e
n
t o
f
C
o
m
p
u
ter
A
p
p
licatio
n
s
&
I
T
KC
L
I
n
s
tit
u
te
o
f
m
an
a
g
e
m
en
t a
n
d
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
J
alan
d
h
ar
.
E
m
ail:
a
n
an
d
_
n
a
y
y
ar
@
y
a
h
o
o
.
co
.
in
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
1
.
1
.
I
ntr
o
du
ct
io
n t
o
E
m
bed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
e
m
s
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
T
ec
h
o
p
e
d
ia,
“
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
S
y
s
te
m
s
ar
e
m
an
a
g
e
d
b
y
s
i
n
g
le
o
r
Mu
lti
-
P
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
co
r
es
in
f
o
r
m
o
f
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
o
r
Dig
ital
S
ig
n
al
P
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
s
(
DSP
s
)
,
Field
-
P
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
ab
le
Gate
A
r
r
a
y
s
(
FP
GA
)
a
n
d
A
p
p
licatio
n
-
Sp
ec
if
ic
I
n
te
g
r
ate
d
C
ir
cu
it
s
(
ASI
C
)
a
n
d
Gate
Ar
r
ay
s
.
T
ak
in
g
t
h
e
ca
s
e
o
f
C
o
m
p
u
ter
S
y
s
te
m
s
,
a
ll
s
o
r
ts
o
f
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
’
s
li
k
e
R
o
u
t
er
s
,
S
w
itc
h
es,
W
i
-
Fi
S
y
s
te
m
s
etc.
ar
e
em
b
ed
d
ed
s
y
s
te
m
s
an
d
in
n
o
r
m
al
li
f
e
e
m
b
ed
d
ed
s
y
s
te
m
s
ar
e
a
v
ailab
le
ev
er
y
w
h
er
e
f
r
o
m
w
r
is
t
w
at
ch
es
to
p
o
w
er
f
u
l
elec
tr
o
n
ic
h
o
m
e
ap
p
lian
ce
s
a
n
d
f
r
o
m
d
ail
y
u
s
e
i
te
m
s
to
p
o
w
er
f
u
l e
lectr
o
n
ic
g
ad
g
ets.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
m
o
d
er
n
e
m
b
ed
d
ed
s
y
s
te
m
w
as
A
p
o
llo
Gu
id
a
n
c
e
C
o
m
p
u
ter
i
n
v
en
ted
b
y
C
h
ar
les
Star
k
Dr
ap
er
at
MI
T
lab
s
.
Sin
ce
t
h
en
,
e
m
b
ed
d
ed
s
y
s
te
m
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
h
as
g
r
o
w
n
u
p
b
y
leap
s
an
d
b
o
u
n
d
s
an
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
R
E
S
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
An
E
n
c
y
c
lo
p
e
d
i
a
Co
v
e
ra
g
e
o
f
Co
mp
il
e
r’s
,
Pro
g
r
a
mm
e
r’s
&
S
imu
la
to
r’s
f
o
r 8
0
5
1
,
PIC
,
AV
R
,
AR
M
,
…
(
A
n
a
n
d
N
a
yy
a
r
)
18
e
m
b
ed
d
ed
s
y
s
te
m
s
ar
e
b
ec
o
m
in
g
ch
ea
p
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
p
r
ice
a
n
d
g
etti
n
g
p
o
w
er
f
u
l
in
ter
m
s
o
f
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
a
n
d
m
u
lti
-
f
u
n
ctio
n
in
g
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies.
B
asicall
y
,
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
S
y
s
te
m
s
w
er
e
d
ev
e
lo
p
ed
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
ta
s
k
as
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
g
e
n
er
al
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
co
m
p
u
ter
s
.
E
m
b
ed
d
e
d
S
y
s
te
m
s
co
m
p
r
is
e
o
f
to
n
s
o
f
s
m
all
a
n
d
h
a
n
d
y
co
m
p
u
ter
iz
ed
p
ar
ts
an
d
ac
t
as
g
en
er
al
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
m
ac
h
i
n
e.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
en
ab
le
an
y
e
m
b
ed
d
ed
m
ac
h
i
n
e
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
o
m
e
ta
s
k
,
th
e
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
p
ar
t
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
th
at
f
u
n
ctio
n
in
g
is
“
Fir
m
w
ar
e”
w
h
ic
h
is
b
asicall
y
r
e
g
ar
d
ed
as
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
to
r
ed
o
n
R
OM
o
r
Flas
h
Me
m
o
r
y
C
h
ip
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
an
d
ca
n
co
n
tai
n
s
m
a
ll
to
m
illi
o
n
s
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
o
r
ts
o
f
in
s
tr
u
ct
io
n
s
f
o
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
in
g
v
ar
ied
ta
s
k
s
.
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
s
y
s
te
m
s
ca
n
h
a
v
e
GUI
o
r
n
o
in
ter
f
ac
e
an
d
n
o
wad
ay
s
m
o
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
s
ta
n
d
alo
n
e
m
ac
h
in
e
s
lik
e
A
T
M
etc.
h
av
e
to
u
c
h
s
cr
e
en
in
ter
f
ac
e
f
o
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
in
p
u
t a
n
d
o
u
tp
u
t o
p
er
atio
n
s
.
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
te
m
=
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Har
d
w
ar
e
+
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
So
f
t
w
ar
e
E
x
a
m
p
le:
C
o
n
s
id
e
r
in
g
an
e
x
a
m
p
le
o
f
A
T
M
m
ac
h
in
e
w
h
ic
h
co
m
p
r
is
e
o
f
b
o
th
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
a
n
d
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e.
Har
d
w
ar
e
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
T
o
u
ch
Scr
ee
n
,
Ke
y
b
o
ar
d
,
Prin
ter
,
an
d
Mo
n
ey
o
p
er
atin
g
B
lack
B
o
x
an
d
in
ad
d
itio
n
to
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
i
t
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
s
o
p
h
i
s
t
icate
d
cu
m
s
ec
u
r
ed
e
m
b
ed
d
ed
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
w
h
ic
h
ac
t
s
as
Mid
d
le
w
ar
e
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
User
an
d
Har
d
w
ar
e.
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
is
b
ei
n
g
i
n
ter
ac
ted
b
y
t
h
e
u
s
er
to
co
n
tr
o
l
all
s
o
r
ts
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
s
li
k
e
m
o
n
e
y
tr
an
s
f
er
,
m
o
n
e
y
w
i
th
d
r
a
w
al,
p
ass
w
o
r
d
ch
a
n
g
i
n
g
an
d
m
ak
in
g
FD
’
s
o
r
an
y
o
t
h
er
b
an
k
in
g
o
p
er
atio
n
etc.
W
ith
o
u
t p
r
o
p
er
em
b
ed
d
ed
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e,
e
m
b
ed
d
ed
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
o
f
n
o
u
s
e.
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
te
m
(
Har
d
w
ar
e
+
So
f
t
w
ar
e)
is
f
u
r
t
h
er
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
t
w
o
ca
te
g
o
r
ies:
Mic
r
o
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
&
Mic
r
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
T
h
e
m
ai
n
d
if
f
er
en
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
Mic
r
o
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
an
d
Mic
r
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
th
at
Mic
r
o
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
h
as
s
a
m
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
alitie
s
li
k
e
n
o
r
m
a
l
co
m
p
u
ter
C
P
U
o
n
a
s
i
n
g
le
I
C
.
Mic
r
o
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
is
r
eg
ar
d
ed
as
m
u
l
tip
u
r
p
o
s
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
ab
le
d
e
v
ice
w
h
ic
h
tak
es
i
n
p
u
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
u
s
er
,
p
r
o
ce
s
s
t
h
e
d
ata
as
p
er
t
h
e
in
s
t
r
u
ctio
n
s
a
n
d
g
iv
e
s
o
u
tp
u
t.
W
h
er
ea
s
M
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
h
as
all
p
ar
ts
l
ik
e
C
P
U,
R
A
M,
R
OM
in
-
b
u
ilt
i
n
to
it.
Mic
r
o
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
s
o
u
tp
er
f
o
r
m
s
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
in
ter
m
s
o
f
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
a
n
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
b
u
t
h
av
e
li
m
itatio
n
s
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
co
s
t a
n
d
s
ize.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
f
i
g
u
r
e
1
h
ig
h
li
g
h
ts
B
lo
ck
Dia
g
r
a
m
o
f
Mic
r
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
an
d
Mic
r
o
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
:
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
B
lo
ck
Diag
r
a
m
o
f
M
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
an
d
Mic
r
o
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
C
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
w
id
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
b
ei
n
g
d
ev
elo
p
ed
n
o
w
ad
a
y
s
w
h
ic
h
is
m
a
k
i
n
g
e
v
er
y
t
h
i
n
g
in
telli
g
e
n
t
cu
m
s
m
ar
t,
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
ar
e
p
lay
i
n
g
an
e
f
f
ic
ien
t
r
o
le.
B
u
t
n
o
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
l
l
er
is
ef
f
icie
n
t
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
r
ien
ted
u
n
le
s
s
c
o
m
b
i
n
ed
w
it
h
in
te
lli
g
en
t p
iece
o
f
p
r
o
g
r
am
co
d
e.
T
im
e
to
ti
m
e,
t
h
er
e
h
as
co
m
e
a
r
e
m
ar
k
ab
le
ch
a
n
g
e
i
n
M
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
v
ar
io
u
s
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
Mic
r
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
g
e
n
er
atio
n
s
h
a
v
e
e
v
o
lv
ed
.
Star
ti
n
g
f
r
o
m
8
0
5
1
to
A
R
M
t
h
ese
d
a
y
s
,
e
v
er
y
t
h
i
n
g
h
a
s
b
ee
n
ch
an
g
ed
b
y
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
.
Var
io
u
s
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
lik
e
8
0
5
1
,
P
I
C
,
A
V
R
,
AR
M
a
n
d
AR
DUI
NO
a
lo
n
g
w
it
h
th
eir
v
ar
io
u
s
cu
s
to
m
ized
b
o
ar
d
s
h
av
e
co
m
e
u
p
i
n
t
h
e
m
ar
k
et
an
d
h
as
g
i
v
e
n
r
esear
c
h
er
s
a
n
d
in
d
u
s
tr
y
to
tak
e
u
p
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
w
id
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
cts f
r
o
m
d
ail
y
u
s
e
to
h
ig
h
l
y
s
o
p
h
i
s
ticated
an
d
r
elia
b
le
o
p
er
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
i
s
s
u
e
b
eh
i
n
d
m
icr
o
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
u
s
a
g
e
in
f
r
o
n
t
o
f
r
es
ea
r
ch
er
s
,
h
o
b
b
y
is
t
s
cu
m
e
n
th
u
s
iast
s
an
d
ev
en
in
d
u
s
tr
y
is
to
s
elec
t
t
h
e
r
ig
h
t
co
m
p
iler
,
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
er
an
d
s
i
m
u
lato
r
as
t
h
ese
ar
e
a
v
ailab
le
in
i
n
h
u
g
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
9
-
4864
IJ
R
E
S
Vo
l.
5
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
2
0
1
6
:
18
–
4
1
19
ab
u
n
d
an
ce
a
n
d
v
ar
io
u
s
i
s
s
u
es
lik
e:
Whic
h
C
o
m
p
iler
is
a
va
ila
b
le
f
o
r
w
hich
m
icro
co
ntr
o
ller
?
Which
is
t
he
R
ig
ht
P
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
er
f
o
r
w
hich
m
icro
co
ntr
o
ller
s
?
Which
Si
m
ula
to
r
is
s
uit
a
b
le
f
o
r
m
icro
co
ntr
o
ller
?
All
th
e
s
e
h
as
a
l
w
a
y
s
r
e
m
ain
ed
b
i
g
q
u
e
s
tio
n
s
cu
m
ch
al
len
g
es
in
f
r
o
n
t
o
f
r
esear
c
h
er
s
to
s
tar
t
t
h
eir
w
o
r
k
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
ce
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
r
es
u
lt o
u
tco
m
e
s
.
I
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
,
an
en
c
y
clo
p
ed
ia
co
v
er
ag
e
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
co
m
p
il
er
’
s
,
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
er
’
s
a
n
d
s
i
m
u
l
atio
n
to
o
ls
f
o
r
all
s
o
r
ts
o
f
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ll
er
s
av
ailab
le
in
m
ar
k
et
li
k
e
8
0
5
1
,
PIC,
A
V
R
,
AR
M
an
d
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
w
o
u
ld
b
e
co
v
er
ed
s
o
th
a
t
f
i
n
d
in
g
t
h
e
r
i
g
h
t
co
m
p
iler
,
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
er
a
n
d
s
i
m
u
lato
r
w
o
u
ld
n
o
lo
n
g
er
b
e
a
s
er
io
u
s
is
s
u
e
f
o
r
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
in
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
S
y
s
te
m
s
ar
ea
.
1
.
2
.
O
r
g
a
niza
t
io
n o
f
P
a
per
Sectio
n
I
I
w
ill
g
iv
e
g
e
n
er
al
o
v
er
v
ie
w
o
f
tec
h
n
ical
ter
m
s
li
k
e
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
C
o
m
p
iler
,
P
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
er
an
d
Si
m
u
lato
r
;
Sect
io
n
I
I
I
d
is
cu
s
s
es
all
e
m
b
ed
d
ed
co
m
p
iler
s
a
v
ailab
le
f
o
r
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
;
S
ec
tio
n
I
V
elab
o
r
ates
v
ar
io
u
s
s
i
m
u
lato
r
s
a
v
ailab
le
f
o
r
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
;
Sect
i
o
n
V
g
i
v
es
o
v
er
v
ie
w
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
er
s
av
ailab
le
f
o
r
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
an
d
Sectio
n
VI
d
is
c
u
s
s
es C
o
n
clu
s
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
ap
er
.
2.
T
E
CH
N
I
CA
L
T
E
RM
S
-
DE
F
I
NI
T
I
O
NS
2
.
1
.
Co
m
p
iler
I
n
g
en
er
al
ter
m
s
,
“
C
o
m
p
iler
”
-
a
s
y
s
te
m
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
w
h
ic
h
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
t
h
e
ta
s
k
o
f
co
n
v
er
ti
n
g
H
ig
h
L
ev
e
l
L
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
s
to
Ma
ch
in
e
L
e
v
el
L
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
i
n
s
tr
u
cti
o
n
s
.
T
h
e
b
asic
r
ea
s
o
n
b
eh
in
d
u
s
e
o
f
co
m
p
iler
to
co
n
v
er
t
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
co
d
e
in
ex
ec
u
tab
le
f
o
r
m
.
I
f
th
e
co
m
p
ile
d
co
d
e
ca
n
r
u
n
o
n
d
if
f
er
en
t
m
ac
h
in
e
w
i
th
o
t
h
er
t
y
p
e
o
f
C
P
U,
o
p
er
atin
g
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
t
h
e
n
t
h
e
co
m
p
i
ler
i
s
ter
m
ed
as
“
C
r
o
s
s
-
C
o
m
p
iler
”.
A
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
w
h
ich
g
et
s
tr
an
s
late
s
f
r
o
m
lo
w
lev
el
lan
g
u
a
g
e
to
h
i
g
h
le
v
el
o
n
e
is
ca
lled
“
Dec
o
m
p
iler
”.
A
p
r
o
g
r
am
w
h
ich
tr
a
n
s
la
te
s
b
et
w
ee
n
v
ar
io
u
s
h
i
g
h
lev
e
l la
n
g
u
a
g
es i
s
ca
lled
s
o
u
r
ce
-
to
-
s
o
u
r
ce
co
m
p
iler
.
A
co
m
p
iler
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
v
a
r
io
u
s
t
y
p
es
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
s
li
k
e:
L
e
x
ica
l
A
na
lysi
s
,
P
r
ep
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
,
P
a
r
s
ing
,
Sem
a
nti
c
A
na
lysi
s
,
C
o
d
e
Gen
era
tio
n a
nd
C
o
d
e
Op
tim
iz
a
tio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
B
asic O
p
er
atio
n
o
f
C
o
m
p
iler
C
o
m
p
iler
Str
u
ctu
r
e:
C
o
m
p
iler
ac
t
s
a
s
Mid
d
le
w
ar
e
b
et
w
ee
n
User
H
ig
h
L
e
v
el
L
an
g
u
a
g
e
a
n
d
C
o
m
p
u
ter
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
ab
le
m
ac
h
in
e
le
v
el
la
n
g
u
a
g
e.
A
c
o
m
p
iler
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
t
h
e
ta
s
k
o
f
co
d
e
v
er
i
f
icatio
n
,
o
b
j
ec
t
co
d
e
g
en
er
atio
n
a
n
d
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
o
u
tp
u
t in
e
x
ec
u
tab
l
e
m
an
n
er
.
T
h
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
o
f
co
m
p
iler
is
co
m
p
r
is
ed
o
f
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
:
Fro
n
t
GUI
E
n
d
:
T
h
e
f
r
o
n
t
e
n
d
o
f
t
h
e
co
m
p
iler
p
r
o
v
id
es
u
s
er
i
n
ter
f
ac
e
f
o
r
w
r
iti
n
g
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
co
d
e,
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
au
to
-
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
o
f
s
o
u
r
ce
co
d
e,
s
h
o
w
s
v
ar
io
u
s
lo
g
ical
a
n
d
s
y
n
ta
x
er
r
o
r
s
etc.
Fro
n
t
en
d
o
f
t
h
e
co
m
p
iler
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
L
ex
ica
l a
n
al
y
s
i
s
,
s
y
n
ta
x
a
n
al
y
s
is
a
n
d
s
e
m
an
tic
an
al
y
s
is
.
Mid
d
le
E
n
d
:
T
h
e
m
id
d
le
en
d
o
f
co
m
p
iler
is
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
o
p
tim
izatio
n
s
,
r
e
m
o
v
al
o
f
u
s
ele
s
s
co
d
e,
d
is
co
v
er
y
an
d
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
o
f
co
n
s
ta
n
t v
al
u
es a
n
d
s
p
ec
ializa
tio
n
o
f
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
co
n
te
x
t.
B
ac
k
E
n
d
:
T
h
e
b
ac
k
en
d
o
f
c
o
m
p
iler
g
en
er
ate
s
ass
e
m
b
l
y
c
o
d
e,
r
eg
is
te
r
allo
ca
tio
n
an
d
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
o
f
tar
g
et
co
d
e.
2
.
2
.
P
r
o
g
ra
mm
er
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
R
E
S
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
An
E
n
c
y
c
lo
p
e
d
i
a
Co
v
e
ra
g
e
o
f
Co
mp
il
e
r’s
,
Pro
g
r
a
mm
e
r’s
&
S
imu
la
to
r’s
f
o
r 8
0
5
1
,
PIC
,
AV
R
,
AR
M
,
…
(
A
n
a
n
d
N
a
yy
a
r
)
20
I
n
t
h
e
f
ield
o
f
e
m
b
ed
d
ed
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
,
th
e
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t
r
o
le
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
“
P
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
er
”.
User
t
y
p
es
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
co
d
e
in
co
m
p
iler
an
d
af
ter
co
m
p
il
in
g
t
h
e
co
d
e,
th
e
co
m
p
iler
g
e
n
er
ates
“
HE
X
Valu
e
s
”.
T
h
e
Hex
f
ile
w
it
h
.
HE
X
ex
te
n
s
io
n
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
tr
an
s
f
er
r
ed
to
R
OM
Me
m
o
r
y
o
f
Mic
r
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
n
o
m
atter
w
h
a
t
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
b
ein
g
u
s
ed
b
y
en
d
u
s
er
.
T
o
tr
an
s
f
er
th
e
.
HE
X
f
ile
g
e
n
er
ate
d
b
y
co
m
p
iler
to
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Pr
o
g
r
a
m
m
er
s
ar
e
b
ein
g
u
til
i
ze
d
.
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
P
r
o
g
r
am
m
er
s
ar
e
b
asicall
y
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
d
ev
ices
c
o
n
n
ec
ted
to
co
m
p
u
ter
an
d
m
ak
es
u
s
e
o
f
S
y
s
te
m
So
f
t
w
ar
e
to
tr
an
s
f
er
t
h
e
co
d
e
f
r
o
m
m
ac
h
i
n
e
to
Mic
r
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Pro
g
r
am
m
er
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
t
h
e
o
p
er
atio
n
s
o
f
r
ea
d
in
g
,
w
r
iti
n
g
,
er
asin
g
an
d
lo
ck
in
g
t
h
e
co
d
e
o
n
Mic
r
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
’
s
R
O
M
m
e
m
o
r
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Var
io
u
s
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
P
r
o
g
r
am
m
er
s
f
o
r
A
ll M
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
2
.
3
.
Si
m
ula
t
o
r
I
n
g
en
er
al
ter
m
s
,
Si
m
u
la
to
r
p
r
o
v
id
es
en
h
a
n
ce
d
v
ir
t
u
al
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
d
ep
ictin
g
th
e
r
ea
l
w
o
r
ld
.
T
h
e
ac
t
o
f
s
i
m
u
lat
in
g
r
eq
u
ir
es
th
e
m
o
d
e
l
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
th
en
t
h
e
k
e
y
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
o
r
b
eh
av
io
r
s
o
f
th
e
p
h
y
s
ica
l
s
y
s
te
m
a
n
d
th
e
n
t
h
e
m
o
d
el
f
in
all
y
b
ec
o
m
es t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
i
ts
el
f
.
Si
m
u
lato
r
m
a
k
es
u
s
e
o
f
k
n
o
w
l
ed
g
e
o
f
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
o
r
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
an
d
tar
g
et
s
y
s
te
m
ar
c
h
it
ec
tu
r
e
o
n
h
o
s
t.
P
er
f
o
r
m
s
th
e
tas
k
o
f
cr
o
s
s
co
m
p
ilatio
n
an
d
p
lace
th
e
in
s
tr
u
c
tio
n
s
i
n
R
A
M.
Si
m
u
lato
r
m
a
k
es
u
s
e
o
f
L
i
n
k
er
a
n
d
L
o
ca
to
r
to
tr
an
s
f
e
r
th
e
co
m
p
iled
co
d
e
in
R
A
M
an
d
ac
tu
all
y
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
li
k
e
co
d
e
th
at
r
u
n
o
n
t
h
e
tar
g
et
s
y
s
te
m
.
Var
io
u
s
s
i
m
u
lato
r
s
ar
e
av
ai
l
ab
le
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
s
an
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
d
ev
ices
m
a
k
in
g
u
s
e
o
f
e
m
b
ed
d
ed
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Si
m
u
latio
n
Mo
d
el
S
tr
u
ctu
r
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
9
-
4864
IJ
R
E
S
Vo
l.
5
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
2
0
1
6
:
18
–
4
1
21
3.
E
M
B
E
DDED SYS
T
E
M
S
-
CO
M
P
I
L
E
R’
S
-
8051,
P
I
C,
AVR,
ARM
,
& AR
DUINO
I
n
th
i
s
s
ec
tio
n
v
ar
io
u
s
co
m
p
ile
r
s
o
f
8
0
5
1
,
P
I
C
,
A
VR
,
A
R
M
a
n
d
A
r
d
u
in
o
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
w
o
u
ld
b
e
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
.
3
.
1
.
8
0
5
1
T
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
ar
e
t
h
e
C
o
m
p
i
l
er
s
f
o
r
8
0
5
1
Mic
r
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
:
a)
C
E
I
B
O+
+
C
o
m
p
iler
[
1
]
:
C
eib
o
C
o
m
p
iler
i
s
i
n
teg
r
ated
w
i
th
Keil
So
f
t
w
ar
e
a
n
d
w
a
s
r
eg
ar
d
ed
as
f
ir
s
t
co
m
p
i
ler
f
o
r
8
0
5
1
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
C
E
I
B
O+
+
is
r
eg
ar
d
ed
as
p
o
w
er
f
u
l
e
m
b
ed
d
ed
C
++
co
m
p
iler
w
h
ic
h
co
n
ta
in
s
a
ll
C
an
d
ASM
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies an
d
s
tr
o
n
g
s
u
p
p
o
r
t f
o
r
OOP
’
s
.
L
ates
t V
er
s
io
n
: V
3
.
0
2
Do
w
n
lo
ad
:
h
ttp
://
www
.
ce
ib
o
.
co
m
/en
g
/
g
en
er
al/
s
w
u
p
d
ate.
s
h
t
m
l
So
f
t
w
ar
e:
Fre
e
So
f
t
w
ar
e
Featu
r
es:
C
P
r
o
g
r
am
s
ar
e
ea
s
il
y
in
te
g
r
at
ed
w
it
h
n
e
w
C
++
f
ea
t
u
r
es.
T
h
e
Ob
j
ec
t
f
iles
g
en
er
ated
b
y
C
E
I
B
O
co
n
tai
n
s
al
l
d
eb
u
g
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
i
s
co
m
p
at
ib
le
w
ith
v
ar
io
u
s
e
m
u
lato
r
s
an
d
ca
n
r
u
n
w
i
th
o
u
t
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
.
C
E
I
B
O
in
cl
u
d
es
all
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
C
++
lib
r
ar
ies
w
h
ich
m
ak
es
t
h
e
cla
s
s
lib
r
ar
ies
ea
s
y
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
a
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
a
l p
r
e
d
e
ce
s
s
o
r
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
C
E
I
B
O+
+
W
o
r
k
in
g
b)
C
r
o
s
s
w
ar
e
8
0
5
1
Dev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
Su
ite
[
2
]
C
r
o
s
s
w
ar
e
8
0
5
1
Dev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
Su
ite
p
r
o
v
id
es
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
r
ap
id
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
8
0
5
1
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
.
I
t
p
r
o
v
id
es
v
ast
e
x
ten
s
io
n
s
th
at
allo
w
ac
c
ess
to
8
0
5
1
s
p
ec
if
ic
f
ea
t
u
r
es
f
o
r
w
r
it
in
g
co
m
p
lete
C
lan
g
u
ag
e
w
it
h
o
u
t
an
y
n
ee
d
to
r
eso
r
t
to
ass
em
b
ler
co
d
e.
C
r
o
s
s
w
ar
e
8
0
5
1
Dev
elo
p
m
en
t
s
u
ite
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
b
o
th
s
m
al
l a
n
d
lar
g
e
m
e
m
o
r
y
m
o
d
els s
o
t
h
at
u
s
er
ca
n
w
r
i
te
co
d
e
f
o
r
all
8
0
5
1
v
ar
ian
ts
w
i
th
o
u
t a
n
y
is
s
u
e
o
f
e
x
ter
n
al
R
A
M.
Ver
s
io
n
: Cro
s
s
w
ar
e
8
0
5
1
Dev
elo
p
m
e
n
t S
u
ite
2
0
1
5
Do
w
n
lo
ad
:
h
ttp
://
www
.
cr
o
s
s
war
e.
co
m
/i8
0
5
1
/T
r
y
I
tNo
w
So
f
t
w
ar
e
T
y
p
e:
C
o
m
m
er
cial;
T
r
ial
P
er
io
d
: 1
5
Day
s
Featu
r
es:
A
d
v
an
ce
d
A
NSI
C
C
o
m
p
iler
a
n
d
L
ib
r
ar
ies
Gen
er
ates
f
ast
i
n
-
li
n
e
co
d
e
w
it
h
les
s
lib
r
ar
y
ca
lls
f
o
r
h
i
g
h
s
p
ee
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
n
ta
r
g
et
b
o
ar
d
an
d
o
p
tio
n
all
y
u
s
es lib
r
ar
y
r
o
u
t
in
e
s
f
o
r
m
i
n
i
m
izi
n
g
co
d
e
s
ize
w
h
er
e
s
p
ee
d
is
n
o
t a
n
is
s
u
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
R
E
S
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
An
E
n
c
y
c
lo
p
e
d
i
a
Co
v
e
ra
g
e
o
f
Co
mp
il
e
r’s
,
Pro
g
r
a
mm
e
r’s
&
S
imu
la
to
r’s
f
o
r 8
0
5
1
,
PIC
,
AV
R
,
AR
M
,
…
(
A
n
a
n
d
N
a
yy
a
r
)
22
I
n
teg
r
ated
r
elo
ca
tab
le
ass
e
m
b
l
er
.
Fu
ll
t
y
p
e
c
h
ec
k
in
g
ac
r
o
s
s
m
o
d
u
les
w
h
ich
tr
ac
k
s
all
s
o
r
ts
o
f
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
i
n
g
er
r
o
r
s
a
n
d
en
s
u
r
i
n
g
C
v
ar
iab
les,
f
u
n
ctio
n
ar
g
u
m
e
n
t
s
,
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
m
e
m
b
er
s
etc.
ar
e
co
n
s
i
s
te
n
t
ac
r
o
s
s
s
o
u
r
ce
f
iles
a
n
d
w
it
h
lib
r
ar
ies.
Me
m
o
r
y
B
an
k
i
n
g
a
n
d
R
elo
ca
t
in
g
L
i
n
k
er
R
elo
ca
tab
le
Ma
cr
o
C
r
o
s
s
Ass
e
m
b
ler
E
as
y
to
u
s
e
C
o
d
e
cr
ea
tio
n
w
iz
ar
d
f
o
r
s
o
u
r
ce
co
d
e
an
d
in
ter
r
u
p
t h
a
n
d
lin
g
So
u
r
ce
L
e
v
el
Deb
u
g
g
er
Mu
lti
-
t
h
r
ea
d
ed
an
d
Mu
lti
-
tar
g
et
I
DE
to
w
r
ite,
ed
it a
n
d
d
eb
u
g
co
d
e.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
GUI
I
n
ter
f
ac
e
f
o
r
C
r
o
s
s
w
ar
e
8
0
5
1
Dev
elo
p
m
e
n
t S
u
ite
c)
I
AR
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
W
o
r
k
b
en
ch
f
o
r
8
0
5
1
[
3
]
I
AR
E
m
b
ed
d
e
d
W
o
r
k
b
en
c
h
p
r
o
v
id
es
en
h
an
ce
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
o
r
w
id
e
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
8
0
5
1
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
d
ev
ices.
I
t
p
r
o
v
id
es
u
n
i
n
ter
r
u
p
ted
w
o
r
k
f
lo
w
a
n
d
s
in
g
le
t
o
o
lb
o
x
w
o
r
k
b
en
c
h
in
w
h
ic
h
all
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
ar
e
in
te
g
r
ated
at
s
in
g
le
p
lace
f
o
r
in
ter
r
u
p
t
f
r
ee
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
.
I
AR
w
o
r
k
b
e
n
ch
f
o
r
8
0
5
1
p
r
o
v
id
es
p
latf
o
r
m
f
o
r
u
s
er
s
w
it
h
p
o
w
er
f
u
l
b
u
ild
to
o
ls
an
d
d
eb
u
g
g
er
o
n
u
s
er
-
f
r
ie
n
d
l
y
I
D
E
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t.
I
t
p
r
o
v
id
es
en
h
an
ce
d
an
d
ef
f
ic
ien
t
f
ea
t
u
r
es
w
it
h
ti
g
h
t i
n
te
g
r
atio
n
w
it
h
Har
d
w
ar
e,
R
T
OS p
r
o
d
u
c
ts
an
d
m
id
d
le
w
ar
e.
Ver
s
io
n
: I
A
R
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
W
o
r
k
b
en
c
h
f
o
r
8
0
5
1
(
2
0
1
5
L
atest
R
elea
s
e)
Do
w
n
lo
ad
:
h
ttp
://
s
u
p
p
.
iar
.
co
m
/Do
w
n
lo
ad
/SW
/?
ite
m
=E
W
8
0
5
1
-
E
VAL
So
f
t
w
ar
e
T
y
p
e:
C
o
m
m
er
cial;
E
v
alu
a
tio
n
: 3
0
Da
y
s
Featu
r
es:
E
as
y
to
in
ter
f
ac
e
g
r
ap
h
ical
G
UI
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
I
DE
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
w
it
h
p
r
o
j
ec
t
m
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t
to
o
ls
,
C
,
C
++
co
m
p
iler
f
o
r
8
0
5
1
an
d
C
-
SP
Y
Deb
u
g
g
er
w
it
h
8
0
5
1
s
im
u
lato
r
.
R
u
n
-
ti
m
e
L
ib
r
ar
ies
w
ith
co
m
p
lete
s
o
u
r
ce
co
d
e,
L
in
k
er
,
L
ib
r
ar
y
to
o
ls
a
n
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
o
r
m
u
ltip
le
DP
T
R
in
co
m
p
iler
a
n
d
lib
r
ar
ies.
Su
p
p
o
r
t f
o
r
DA
T
A
,
I
D
A
T
A
,
XD
A
T
A
,
P
DA
T
A
,
B
D
A
T
A
,
J
T
A
G
Dr
iv
er
s
a
n
d
R
OM
Mo
n
i
t
o
r
.
I
n
b
u
ilt p
r
o
j
ec
t
ex
a
m
p
les an
d
c
o
d
e
tem
p
late
s
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t f
o
r
R
T
OS
-
a
w
ar
e
d
eb
u
g
g
i
n
g
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
9
-
4864
IJ
R
E
S
Vo
l.
5
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
2
0
1
6
:
18
–
4
1
23
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
P
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
in
g
W
in
d
o
w
o
f
I
A
R
W
o
r
k
b
en
c
h
8
0
5
1
d)
Keil
u
Vi
s
io
n
I
DE
f
o
r
8
0
5
1
Mic
r
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
[
4
]
Keil
u
Vis
io
n
I
DE
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
ap
p
licatio
n
p
r
o
v
id
es
ex
ten
s
i
v
e
f
ac
ili
ties
f
o
r
8
0
5
1
e
m
b
ed
d
e
d
s
y
s
te
m
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
I
t
co
m
p
r
i
s
e
o
f
So
u
r
ce
C
o
d
e
E
d
ito
r
,
Deb
u
g
g
er
,
Ass
e
m
b
ler
,
C
r
o
s
s
C
o
m
p
il
er
an
d
S
i
m
u
lato
r
.
I
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
C
a
n
d
a
s
s
e
m
b
l
y
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
in
g
f
o
r
al
l
8
0
5
1
co
m
p
lia
n
t
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
.
KE
I
L
al
s
o
g
en
er
ated
HE
X
f
ile
w
h
ich
ca
n
b
e
as su
ch
u
s
ed
to
f
la
s
h
8
0
5
1
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
.
Ver
s
io
n
: K
E
I
L
u
Vi
s
io
n
I
DE
5
Do
w
n
lo
ad
:
h
ttp
s
:
//
www
.
k
eil.
c
o
m
/d
e
m
o
/e
v
al/c5
1
.
h
t
m
So
f
t
w
ar
e
T
y
p
e:
C
o
m
m
er
cial;
De
m
o
Ver
s
io
n
(
Fre
e
w
it
h
L
i
m
ited
Op
tio
n
s
)
Featu
r
es:
u
Vis
io
n
p
r
o
v
id
es
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
i
v
e
p
latf
o
r
m
f
o
r
8
0
5
1
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
w
ith
co
m
p
iler
,
ass
e
m
b
ler
,
lin
k
er
a
n
d
m
e
m
o
r
y
o
p
tio
n
s
.
W
id
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
ex
a
m
p
les o
f
8
0
5
1
d
ev
ices.
u
Vis
io
n
Deb
u
g
g
er
is
r
e
g
ar
d
ed
as
ac
c
u
r
ate
i
n
s
i
m
u
lati
n
g
o
n
-
ch
ip
p
er
ip
h
er
als
li
k
e
I
2
C
,
C
AN,
U
A
R
T
,
SP
I
,
A
D
C
,
D
AC
an
d
P
W
M.
W
ith
h
ig
h
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
,
u
s
er
s
ca
n
ea
s
il
y
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
t o
n
li
v
e
h
ar
d
w
ar
e.
Su
p
p
o
r
t
v
ar
io
u
s
8
0
5
1
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
lik
e
AC
E
R
L
ab
s
M6
0
3
2
,
A
n
alo
g
De
v
ices
AD
u
C
8
4
1
,
A
t
m
el
A
T
8
9
C
5
1
,
Dallas
Se
m
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
DS8
0
C
3
2
0
,
I
n
tel
8
0
5
1
A
H,
No
r
d
ic
Se
m
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
Nr
f
2
4
le1
,
NXP
,
an
d
Sil
ico
n
L
ab
o
r
ato
r
ies C
8
0
5
1
F0
2
0
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
R
E
S
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
An
E
n
c
y
c
lo
p
e
d
i
a
Co
v
e
ra
g
e
o
f
Co
mp
il
e
r’s
,
Pro
g
r
a
mm
e
r’s
&
S
imu
la
to
r’s
f
o
r 8
0
5
1
,
PIC
,
AV
R
,
AR
M
,
…
(
A
n
a
n
d
N
a
yy
a
r
)
24
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
GUI
I
n
t
er
f
ac
e
o
f
Ke
il u
Vi
s
io
n
e)
MCU 8
0
5
1
I
DE
[
5
]
MCU
8
0
5
1
I
DE
is
o
p
en
s
o
u
r
c
e
an
d
f
r
ee
to
u
s
e
i
n
te
g
r
ated
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
f
o
r
8
0
5
1
b
ased
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
.
MCU
8
0
5
1
I
DE
f
ea
tu
r
es
s
o
u
r
ce
co
d
e
ed
i
to
r
,
s
i
m
u
lato
r
,
Har
d
w
ar
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
er
,
in
-
b
u
il
t
ass
e
m
b
ler
alo
n
g
w
i
t
h
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
o
r
2
ex
ter
n
al
as
s
e
m
b
ler
s
an
d
m
an
y
o
t
h
er
to
o
ls
.
MCU
8
0
5
1
I
DE
m
ak
e
s
u
s
e
o
f
C
an
d
Ass
e
m
b
l
y
la
n
g
u
a
g
e.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
in
s
talled
o
n
W
in
d
o
w
s
an
d
L
i
n
u
x
o
p
er
atin
g
s
y
s
te
m
a
n
d
MCU
8
0
5
1
I
DE
s
i
m
u
lato
r
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
m
o
r
e
th
an
7
9
MCU f
r
o
m
A
t
m
el.
Ver
s
io
n
: 1
.
4
Do
w
n
lo
ad
:
h
ttp
://
www
.
m
o
r
a
v
ia
-
m
icr
o
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
co
m
/d
o
w
n
l
o
ad
/m
c
u
8
0
5
1
id
e/
So
f
t
w
ar
e
T
y
p
e:
Op
en
So
u
r
ce
/
GNU
Featu
r
es:
MCU
I
DE
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
C
L
a
n
g
u
a
g
e,
A
SEM
-
5
1
an
d
o
th
er
a
s
s
e
m
b
ler
s
,
VI
M
a
n
d
Nan
o
s
o
u
r
c
e
co
d
e
ed
ito
r
s
,
Hex
ad
ec
i
m
a
l e
d
ito
r
,
ad
v
an
ce
d
tex
t e
d
ito
r
f
o
r
s
o
u
r
ce
co
d
e
v
ali
d
atio
n
.
Si
m
u
lato
r
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
e
m
b
ed
d
ed
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
li
k
e
L
E
D
s
,
L
C
D’
s
,
Ma
tr
ices
etc,
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t v
ar
io
u
s
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
d
eb
u
g
g
i
n
g
f
ea
t
u
r
es.
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
P
r
o
g
r
am
m
in
g
W
in
d
o
w
o
f
M
C
U
I
DE
1
.
4
f)
m
i
k
r
o
C
P
R
O
f
o
r
8
0
5
1
[
6
]
m
i
k
r
o
C
P
R
O
f
o
r
8
0
5
1
is
b
asic
all
y
C
co
m
p
iler
f
o
r
8
0
5
1
c
o
m
p
atib
le
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
f
r
o
m
A
t
m
el
a
n
d
Sil
ico
n
L
ab
s
.
m
ik
r
o
C
P
R
O
p
r
o
v
id
es e
n
h
an
ce
d
a
n
d
s
i
m
p
le
G
UI
in
ter
f
ac
e
I
DE
w
it
h
h
ig
h
e
n
d
o
p
tim
izatio
n
s
a
n
d
f
ea
t
u
r
e
r
ich
to
o
lb
o
x
o
p
tio
n
s
w
ith
w
id
en
a
n
d
b
r
o
ad
s
u
p
p
o
r
t f
o
r
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
an
d
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
lib
r
a
r
ies.
Ver
s
io
n
: 3
.
6
.
0
Do
w
n
lo
ad
:
h
ttp
://
www
.
m
ik
r
o
e.
co
m
/
m
i
k
r
o
b
asic/8
0
5
1
/
So
f
t
w
ar
e
T
y
p
e:
C
o
m
m
er
cial,
De
m
o
Ver
s
io
n
(
L
i
m
ited
C
ap
a
b
ilit
y
)
Featu
r
es:
Su
p
p
o
r
ts
C
o
d
e
E
d
ito
r
w
ith
e
n
h
a
n
ce
d
f
ea
t
u
r
es
li
k
e
h
ig
h
li
g
h
ti
n
g
s
y
n
ta
x
,
co
d
e
f
o
ld
in
g
,
c
o
d
e
ass
is
tan
t,
P
ar
am
ete
r
s
Ass
i
s
ta
n
t,
C
o
d
e
Au
to
co
r
r
ec
t a
n
d
C
o
d
e
T
em
p
lat
es.
Su
p
p
o
r
ts
C
o
d
e
E
x
p
lo
r
er
f
o
r
ea
s
y
GUI
i
n
ter
f
ac
e
f
o
r
co
d
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
9
-
4864
IJ
R
E
S
Vo
l.
5
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
2
0
1
6
:
18
–
4
1
25
Su
p
p
o
r
ts
en
h
an
ce
d
lib
r
ar
y
m
a
n
ag
er
f
o
r
h
an
d
li
n
g
lib
r
ar
ies in
a
p
r
o
j
ec
t.
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
GUI
I
n
ter
f
ac
e
f
o
r
m
i
k
r
o
C
f
o
r
8
0
5
1
g)
T
A
SKI
NG
8
0
5
1
T
o
o
ls
et
[
7
]
T
A
SKI
NG
8
0
5
1
h
as
C
C
r
o
s
s
co
m
p
iler
al
s
o
k
n
o
w
n
as
cc
5
1
(
L
ib
r
ar
y
Na
m
e)
.
T
h
e
T
o
o
ls
et
f
r
o
m
T
A
SKI
NG
co
m
p
r
is
e
o
f
C
C
o
m
p
iler
,
Ma
cr
o
P
r
e
-
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
,
Ass
e
m
b
ler
,
L
i
n
k
er
/
L
o
ca
to
r
,
L
ib
r
ar
y
Ma
n
ag
er
a
n
d
Deb
u
g
g
er
.
T
A
SKI
NG
C
-
8
0
5
1
co
m
p
iler
is
n
o
t a
g
e
n
er
ic
C
C
o
m
p
ile
r
b
u
t o
n
l
y
u
ti
lized
f
o
r
8
0
5
1
s
o
u
r
ce
co
d
e
.
Ver
s
io
n
: 7
.
2
Do
w
n
lo
ad
:
h
ttp
://t
a
s
k
in
g
.
co
m
/
s
u
p
p
o
r
t/8
0
5
1
#
7
.
2
So
f
t
w
ar
e
T
y
p
e:
C
o
m
m
er
cial,
De
m
o
Ver
s
io
n
(
L
i
m
ited
F
u
n
ct
io
n
alit
y
)
Featu
r
es:
Mu
ltip
le
A
d
d
r
ess
Sp
ac
es
B
it M
e
m
o
r
y
Sp
ec
ial
Fu
n
ctio
n
R
e
g
is
ter
s
I
n
ter
r
u
p
t
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
u
s
i
n
g
b
a
n
k
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
an
d
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
b
u
i
lt
-
in
f
u
n
ctio
n
to
ac
ce
s
s
8
0
5
1
s
p
ec
ial
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
s
.
Sin
g
le
p
ass
c
u
m
o
p
ti
m
ized
co
m
p
iler
ca
p
ab
le
f
o
r
g
en
er
ati
n
g
f
ast a
n
d
ef
f
icie
n
t 8
0
5
1
co
d
e
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
GUI
I
n
ter
f
ac
e
o
f
T
ASKI
NG
7
.
2
8
0
5
1
T
OOL
SET
3
.
2
.
P
I
C
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
R
E
S
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
An
E
n
c
y
c
lo
p
e
d
i
a
Co
v
e
ra
g
e
o
f
Co
mp
il
e
r’s
,
Pro
g
r
a
mm
e
r’s
&
S
imu
la
to
r’s
f
o
r 8
0
5
1
,
PIC
,
AV
R
,
AR
M
,
…
(
A
n
a
n
d
N
a
yy
a
r
)
26
PI
C
h
as
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
t
w
o
co
m
p
iler
s
a
v
ailab
le
f
o
r
u
s
er
s
to
d
e
v
elo
p
s
o
u
r
ce
co
d
e
f
o
r
all
s
o
r
ts
o
f
P
I
C
Mic
r
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
an
d
P
I
C
Stan
d
ar
d
an
d
C
lo
n
e
B
o
ar
d
s
:
a)
m
i
k
r
o
C
P
r
o
f
o
r
P
I
C
[
8
]
[
9
]
m
i
k
r
o
E
lectr
o
n
ik
a
I
n
c.
h
a
s
d
ev
elo
p
ed
an
I
n
teg
r
ated
Dev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
E
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
(
I
DE
)
f
o
r
PIC
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
k
n
o
w
n
as
Mi
k
r
o
C
.
T
h
e
I
DE
co
m
p
r
is
es
o
f
C
C
o
m
p
iler
,
Si
m
u
lato
r
an
d
m
i
k
r
o
L
C
D
Deb
u
g
g
er
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
co
m
p
iler
,
v
ar
io
u
s
to
o
ls
ar
e
al
s
o
b
ee
n
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
t
h
e
co
m
p
a
n
y
li
k
e
Gr
ap
h
ical
L
C
D
b
it
m
ap
ed
ito
r
,
L
C
D
cu
s
to
m
c
h
ar
ac
ter
ed
ito
r
,
USA
R
T
ter
m
i
n
a
l
etc.
m
i
k
r
o
C
P
r
o
f
o
r
P
I
C
is
an
ad
v
an
ce
d
co
m
p
iler
cu
m
p
o
w
er
f
u
l
co
m
p
iler
w
ith
h
i
g
h
en
d
o
p
tim
izatio
n
s
,
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
cu
m
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
lib
r
ar
ies
an
d
lo
ts
o
f
r
ea
d
y
to
u
s
e
ex
a
m
p
le
s
.
Ver
s
io
n
: 6
.
6
.
2
Do
w
n
lo
ad
:
h
ttp
://
www
.
m
ik
r
o
e.
co
m
/
m
i
k
r
o
c/p
ic/
So
f
t
w
ar
e:
C
o
m
m
er
cial,
De
m
o
/T
r
ial
f
o
r
L
i
m
ited
P
er
io
d
also
av
ailab
le.
Featu
r
es:
In
-
b
u
ilt
co
d
e
ed
ito
r
p
r
o
v
id
es
v
ar
io
u
s
f
ea
t
u
r
es
in
ter
m
s
o
f
C
o
d
e
an
d
P
ar
am
eter
A
s
s
is
ta
n
t
s
,
C
o
d
e
Fo
ld
in
g
,
S
y
n
ta
x
Hig
h
li
g
h
ti
n
g
,
Au
to
co
r
r
ec
t,
C
o
d
e
T
em
p
lates e
tc.
m
i
k
r
o
C
P
r
o
f
o
r
P
I
C
lib
r
ar
ie
s
p
r
o
v
id
es
e
n
h
a
n
ce
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
f
ea
t
u
r
es:
Data
A
cq
u
is
it
io
n
,
Me
m
o
r
y
,
Dis
p
la
y
s
,
C
o
n
v
er
s
io
n
s
,
C
o
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
etc.
)
Mo
n
ito
r
s
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
v
ar
iab
les an
d
f
u
n
ct
io
n
s
.
Gen
er
ates H
E
X
f
ile
a
f
ter
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l c
o
m
p
ilatio
n
f
o
r
ea
s
y
f
la
s
h
i
n
g
to
w
ar
d
s
P
I
C
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
Ass
i
s
ts
i
n
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
f
lo
w
a
n
d
d
eb
u
g
ex
ec
u
tab
le
lo
g
ic
w
it
h
in
t
eg
r
ated
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
s
i
m
u
lato
r
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
2
.
GUI
I
n
ter
f
ac
e
f
o
r
m
i
k
r
o
C
C
o
m
p
i
ler
b)
MP
L
A
B
X
[
1
0
]
MP
L
A
B
(
Mic
r
o
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
L
ab
)
is
a
f
r
ee
I
DE
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
f
o
r
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
i
n
g
P
I
C
a
n
d
d
s
P
I
C
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
an
d
w
a
s
d
ev
el
o
p
ed
b
y
Mic
r
o
ch
ip
T
ec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
.
T
h
e
latest
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
MP
L
A
B
is
MP
L
A
B
x
w
h
ic
h
is
a
p
o
w
er
f
u
l
cr
o
s
s
p
l
atf
o
r
m
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
a
n
d
ca
n
b
e
d
ep
lo
y
ed
o
n
W
in
d
o
w
s
,
L
i
n
u
x
an
d
M
AC
p
c’
s
.
MP
L
A
B
X
p
lat
f
o
r
m
i
s
b
ased
o
n
NetB
ea
n
s
o
p
en
s
o
u
r
ce
p
l
atf
o
r
m
a
n
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
i
n
g
,
ed
it
in
g
a
n
d
d
eb
u
g
g
i
n
g
o
f
all
s
o
r
t
s
o
f
8
-
B
it
,
1
6
-
B
it a
n
d
3
2
-
B
it P
I
C
Mic
r
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
.
Ver
s
io
n
: M
P
L
A
B
X
Do
w
n
lo
ad
:
h
ttp
://
www
.
m
icr
o
ch
ip
.
co
m
/p
ag
e
h
a
n
d
ler
/en
-
u
s
/
f
a
m
il
y
/
m
p
lab
x
/
So
f
t
w
ar
e:
Fre
e
Featu
r
es:
Su
p
p
o
r
ts
en
h
a
n
ce
d
f
ea
t
u
r
es
l
ik
e
Mu
lt
i
-
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
f
o
r
p
r
o
j
ec
ts
,
m
u
ltip
le
d
eb
u
g
to
o
l
s
,
liv
e
p
ar
s
in
g
,
L
i
v
e
C
o
d
e
te
m
p
late
s
an
d
a
n
e
w
C
all
Gr
ap
h
f
o
r
ea
s
y
n
a
v
i
g
at
io
n
o
f
co
m
p
le
x
co
d
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.