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3
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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ased
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ter
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ce
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e
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ata,
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et
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8
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10
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o
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ased
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i
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Fi
g
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r
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ll
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ter
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ted
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ad
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ac
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n
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test
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.
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
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o
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n
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er
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5
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160
T
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r
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2.
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OB
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L
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AT
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Mo
s
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to
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t
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t
s
,
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t
tech
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e
s
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s
ed
f
o
r
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ctio
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s
in
tab
le,
a
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r
o
v
es
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d
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s
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f
o
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etec
tio
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o
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f
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y
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n
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etec
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p
ath
s
w
h
ich
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e
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er
y
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e.
On
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e
th
e
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e
-
co
n
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i
n
g
p
ath
s
ar
e
test
ed
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th
en
t
h
e
o
n
l
y
p
ar
t
r
e
m
ain
i
n
g
to
b
e
test
ed
ar
e
in
p
u
ts
[
1
1
]
.
Ma
j
o
r
d
is
ad
v
an
tag
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
esen
t
s
y
n
t
h
es
is
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
d
r
o
p
in
co
v
er
ag
e
d
elay
o
f
t
h
e
p
ath
in
cir
cu
its
.
Var
io
u
s
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
ar
e
ca
lc
u
lated
f
o
r
B
DD
to
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
co
m
p
lex
i
t
y
;
th
e
s
e
ar
e
ev
alu
a
ted
b
y
test
i
n
g
e
x
i
s
ti
n
g
c
ir
cu
it
d
es
ig
n
p
atter
n
s
.
W
ith
r
esp
ec
t
to
t
h
e
P
DFM
is
p
r
o
v
ed
t
h
at
b
y
r
ed
u
ct
i
o
n
o
f
p
ath
s
i
n
B
DD
ca
n
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
test
i
n
g
p
atter
n
s
f
o
r
test
i
n
g
th
e
cir
c
u
it.
C
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
a
v
ar
iab
le
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
alitie
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
co
n
s
id
er
m
o
r
e
th
a
n
o
n
e
h
it
d
u
r
i
n
g
s
y
n
th
e
s
is
a
n
d
to
g
et
co
m
p
r
o
m
is
ed
e.
g
.
b
et
w
ee
n
s
ize
an
d
n
o
o
f
test
p
atter
n
s
a
r
e
u
s
ed
.
as
f
ar
w
e
d
is
c
u
s
s
ed
ab
o
u
t
d
r
aw
b
ac
k
o
f
cu
r
r
en
t
s
y
n
th
esi
s
is
d
u
e
to
th
e
d
elay
i
n
cir
cu
its
o
f
co
v
er
a
g
e
d
elay
p
at
h
s
.
Fo
cu
s
is
to
co
m
b
in
e
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
d
es
ig
n
w
o
r
k
w
ith
t
h
e
m
u
ltip
lex
er
d
esi
g
n
cir
cu
it
s
,
wh
ich
g
u
ar
an
tee
s
1
0
0
%
test
in
g
to
b
e
d
o
n
e
u
n
d
er
P
DFM
an
d
SAFM
w
it
h
i
n
th
e
co
s
t
o
f
ad
d
ed
in
p
u
ts
[
1
2
]
.
Ma
jo
r
d
r
aw
b
ac
k
i
s
t
h
e
d
r
o
p
in
t
h
e
s
t
u
ck
at
f
au
lts
&
d
ela
y
s
f
a
u
lt
co
v
er
ag
e
f
o
r
s
o
m
e
cir
cu
its
.
A
T
P
G
tech
n
iq
u
es
f
o
r
d
etec
tio
n
o
f
m
u
lt
ip
le
s
t
u
ck
-
at
f
a
u
lts
w
i
th
h
id
d
en
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
f
a
u
lts
ar
e
lis
ted
.
T
h
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
e
s
s
e
n
tiall
y
d
o
in
g
th
e
s
a
m
e
as
t
h
e
tech
n
iq
u
es,
a
n
y
h
o
w
t
h
e
t
ar
g
ets
ar
e
d
if
f
er
en
t.
P
r
o
b
lem
s
ar
e
s
o
lv
ed
w
it
h
ap
p
licatio
n
s
o
f
S
A
T
r
ep
ea
ted
ly
b
u
t
th
e
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
ar
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s
o
lv
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a
t
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r
all
y
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x
p
r
ess
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as
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F,a
q
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an
ti
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ied
B
o
o
lean
f
o
r
m
u
la
u
s
ed
to
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o
lv
e
th
e
p
r
o
b
le
m
i
n
n
a
tu
r
al
w
a
y
.
D
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
th
at
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
ca
n
b
e
ca
lled
as
i
n
cr
e
m
e
n
ti
n
g
S
A
T
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
s
in
s
tead
o
f
u
s
in
g
a
s
QB
F
w
h
ich
i
s
ea
s
y
to
u
n
d
er
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ta
n
d
.
W
e
d
o
n
’
t
a
lar
g
e
a
m
o
u
n
t o
f
te
s
t v
ec
to
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tes
t e
i
th
er
m
u
ltip
le
o
r
s
i
n
g
le
s
tu
c
k
at
f
au
l
ts
,
an
ea
s
ier
w
a
y
to
test
is
to
tak
e
to
p
s
et
o
f
th
e
test
v
ec
to
r
f
o
r
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
f
au
lts
,
t
h
is
h
a
s
p
r
o
v
en
i
n
r
esear
ch
an
al
y
s
i
s
.
I
n
th
e
r
esear
ch
ar
ea
s
it
p
r
o
v
e
s
th
a
t
b
y
ap
p
l
y
in
g
o
r
ch
a
n
g
i
n
g
s
o
m
e
f
o
r
m
u
las
a
t
A
T
P
G
lev
el
w
e
ca
n
f
in
d
t
h
e
f
a
u
lts
,
w
h
ic
h
is
ea
s
ier
w
a
y
to
r
ep
r
esen
t
s
i
n
g
le
s
t
u
ck
at
f
a
u
lts
alo
n
g
w
it
h
t
h
is
w
e
ca
n
d
etec
t
o
th
er
f
au
lts
li
k
e
to
g
g
li
n
g
f
au
lts
an
d
b
r
id
g
e
f
a
u
lt
s
.
Ma
n
y
o
th
er
f
au
lts
a
ls
o
d
etec
ted
b
y
t
h
ese
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
t
s
.
T
h
e
li
m
itat
i
o
n
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
is
to
m
ak
e
s
y
n
t
h
e
s
izab
le
it
s
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
le
x
es
a
n
d
t
h
e
d
esi
g
n
h
as
to
b
e
ad
d
ed
w
it
h
m
o
r
e
co
m
b
in
at
io
n
al
b
lo
ck
s
.
I
n
th
is
r
esear
c
h
a
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
m
e
th
o
d
as
d
escr
ib
ed
f
o
r
in
itial
B
DD
cir
cu
it
s
.
Fro
m
th
is
r
es
u
lte
d
C
ir
cu
it
s
ar
e
f
u
ll
y
test
ab
le
u
n
d
er
SAFM
an
d
r
o
b
u
s
t
P
DFM.
Ma
in
l
y
o
n
e
alter
n
atio
n
is
n
ee
d
ed
to
d
ev
elo
p
as
p
r
o
g
r
am
o
f
M
u
T
a
T
e
[
13
]
b
y
ad
d
in
g
an
d
ad
d
itio
n
al
in
p
u
t a
n
d
an
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ed
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ce
th
e
b
in
ar
y
d
ec
is
io
n
d
iag
r
a
m
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t J
R
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f
i
g
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ab
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&
E
m
b
ed
d
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Sy
s
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I
SS
N:
2089
-
4864
Mo
d
ern
d
esig
n
a
p
p
r
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a
ch
o
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f
a
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lts
of
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OB
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b
a
s
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o
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c
o
m
b
o
&
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eq
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en
tia
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b
lo
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s
(
K
u
r
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d
a
R
a
yu
d
u
)
161
3.
P
RO
P
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SAL
T
h
e
b
asic
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R
OB
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D
tech
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b
y
ap
p
l
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f
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to
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r
n
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s
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o
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d
esig
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.
4.
P
RO
P
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D
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H
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Seq
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Fig
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ig
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F
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Fig
u
r
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3
.
Seq
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tab
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Q
=
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(
~
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.
Clo
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Fig
u
r
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4
.
Si
m
p
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f
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to
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=
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2
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Fig
u
r
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5
.
Si
m
p
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f
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to
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d
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A
s
eq
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cu
it
[
1
4
]
is
r
e
s
o
lv
ed
w
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th
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t
h
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m
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Sh
ar
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b
y
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in
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e
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2089
-
4864
I
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
R
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o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
&
E
m
b
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d
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Sy
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t
I
SS
N:
2089
-
4864
Mo
d
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163
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ased
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o
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ated
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ased
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ig
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r
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o
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ar
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ed
in
eit
h
er
w
a
y
.
Dr
i
v
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t
h
e
b
as
ic
i
n
p
u
t
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
m
u
x
o
f
test
v
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to
r
s
s
o
as
to
d
etec
t
an
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
in
s
u
f
f
icie
n
t
i
n
p
u
t
s
to
d
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n
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d
m
a
k
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e
d
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g
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i
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ale
n
t
to
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t.
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
I
d
en
tif
ied
test
p
atter
n
s
i
n
th
e
d
esi
g
n
Stuc
k
a
t
f
a
ult
An
ad
h
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ed
to
p
ar
ticu
lar
f
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lt
w
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k
n
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s
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d
esi
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s
ed
w
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e
test
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
s
alo
n
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w
it
h
th
e
m
o
d
i
f
ied
tes
t
co
n
f
ig
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r
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ag
e
(
A
T
P
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g
ad
g
ets
to
co
p
y
a
co
llec
tin
g
d
is
to
r
tio
n
i
n
s
id
e
a
co
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s
o
lid
ated
d
esig
n
.
Sep
ar
ate
b
an
n
er
an
d
s
tick
s
ar
e
b
eliev
ed
to
b
e
s
tu
ck
at
L
o
g
ical
v
al
u
es
(
1
,
0
,
x
)
.
C
o
n
s
id
er
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g
w
it
h
a
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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I
n
t J
R
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
ly
2
0
2
0
:
1
5
8
–
1
6
8
164
ex
a
m
p
le,
a
d
ata
i
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
a
s
tead
y
s
tate
,
p
ar
ti
cu
lar
l
y
th
e
tes
t
ag
e
to
en
s
u
r
e
t
h
at
a
g
ath
er
in
g
d
is
to
r
tio
n
w
it
h
t
h
at
s
o
r
t
o
f
lead
co
u
ld
b
e
co
llected
w
i
th
p
ar
tic
u
lar
tes
t
p
lan
.
I
n
li
k
e
w
a
y
t
h
e
d
ata
co
u
ld
b
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
an
i
n
tell
ig
ib
le
0
to
m
o
d
el
d
ir
ec
t
o
f
a
e
f
f
ec
ted
d
esi
g
n
t
h
at
ca
n
'
t
d
o
a
n
y
k
in
d
o
f
ad
j
u
s
t
m
en
t
i
ts
y
ield
s
tic
k
.
E
v
er
y
t
h
i
n
g
m
a
y
n
o
t
b
e
i
s
s
u
es
co
u
ld
b
e
ex
a
m
i
n
ed
b
y
th
e
ad
h
er
ed
to
ac
cu
s
e
d
es
ig
n
.
P
a
y
f
o
r
h
az
ar
d
s
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
to
b
e
s
tatic,
s
p
ec
i
f
icall
y
g
r
o
w
i
n
g
s
i
g
n
,
m
a
y
r
i
s
e
to
u
n
test
ab
le
d
e
s
ig
n
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
m
ai
n
d
esi
g
n
u
s
ag
e.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
ab
u
n
d
an
ce
d
esi
g
n
cir
c
u
it
ca
n
'
t
b
e
h
ad
a
g
o
at
p
ar
ticu
lar
d
esig
n
,
th
er
e
b
y
ar
r
an
g
e
m
en
t
n
o
alter
atio
n
in
n
o
y
ield
as a
o
u
tc
o
m
e
o
f
a
s
o
lo
b
le
m
is
h
.
L
ine a
t
t
he
Sin
g
le
s
t
uc
k
L
i
n
e
at
s
in
g
le
s
tu
c
k
i
s
a
lac
k
m
o
d
el
p
r
ese
n
t
i
n
a
u
to
m
a
ted
d
esig
n
s
.
Mo
s
t
o
f
d
es
ig
n
s
u
s
ed
f
o
r
af
ter
th
e
test
i
n
g
,
n
o
t
a
n
ar
r
an
g
e
m
e
n
t
te
s
t.
T
h
e
m
o
d
er
n
d
esi
g
n
ac
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
s
in
g
le
lin
e
o
r
ce
n
ter
p
o
in
t
i
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
elled
s
tu
c
k
at
d
esi
g
n
b
y
m
et
h
o
d
o
f
r
ea
s
o
n
in
g
h
u
g
e
o
r
j
u
s
ti
f
icat
io
n
m
ed
iu
m
.
B
le
m
is
h
i
n
d
icat
es
t
h
at
w
h
e
n
at
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
s
tu
c
k
h
ap
p
en
s
at
a
li
n
e.
4
.
1
.
M
ec
ha
nized desig
ns
dis
co
n
n
ec
t
ed
f
urt
her
m
o
re
t
o
:
a.
S
m
all
d
esi
g
n
s
le
v
el
o
r
s
eq
u
en
tial
d
esi
g
n
s
h
av
e
n
o
li
m
i
tatio
n
s
(
lo
c
k
s
a
n
d
also
f
lip
f
lo
p
d
is
ap
p
o
in
t
m
en
ts
)
y
et
j
u
s
t d
o
o
r
s
lik
e
DF
F,
T
FF
,
MSFF etc.
b.
Seq
u
en
t
ial
d
esi
g
n
s
co
n
tai
n
an
a
m
as
s
in
g
.
An
is
s
u
e
d
es
ig
n
[
1
9
]
ap
p
lies
to
g
ate
w
a
y
le
v
el
d
esi
g
n
b
lo
ck
s
,
o
r
a
s
q
u
ar
e
o
f
a
b
ac
k
to
b
ac
k
d
esig
n
ca
n
b
e
d
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
w
it
h
t
h
e
li
m
i
t
s
e
g
m
e
n
t
s
.
P
r
ef
er
ab
l
y
an
e
n
tr
y
w
a
y
le
v
el
d
es
ig
n
m
i
g
h
t
b
e
t
o
tall
y
at
te
m
p
ted
b
y
ad
d
in
g
ea
c
h
a
n
d
ev
er
y
co
n
ce
i
v
ab
le
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
a
n
d
w
atc
h
i
n
g
th
a
t
t
h
e
y
g
a
v
e
t
h
e
r
i
g
h
t
y
i
eld
s
,
an
y
w
a
y
t
h
is
is
ab
s
o
lu
tel
y
p
r
ep
o
s
ter
o
u
s
:
a
s
n
ak
e
to
i
n
co
r
p
o
r
ate
t
w
o
3
2
-
b
it
v
al
u
ed
n
u
m
s
n
ee
d
2
6
4
=
(
0
.
8
+1
)
*
1
0
1
9
test
s
n
ee
d
ed
,
tak
i
n
g
6
8
y
ea
r
s
at
0
.
1
n
s
/t.
T
h
e
ad
h
er
ed
to
ac
cu
s
e
m
o
d
el
ac
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
th
at
p
ar
ticu
lar
co
m
m
it
m
en
t
o
n
o
n
e
en
tr
y
w
a
y
to
b
e
b
r
o
k
en
w
it
h
o
u
t
a
m
o
m
en
t
'
s
d
ela
y
,
e
x
p
ec
tin
g
t
h
at
ar
e
i
m
p
er
f
ec
t,
a
r
eq
u
ir
ed
test
ca
n
p
er
ce
iv
e
an
y
n
o
n
m
u
ltip
le
is
s
u
es,
m
a
y
b
e
ea
s
i
l
y
f
i
n
d
d
if
f
er
en
t in
ad
eq
u
ac
ies.
T
o
p
r
ef
er
th
is
w
ea
k
n
ess
m
o
d
eled
d
esig
n
,
ev
er
y
d
ata
s
tick
e
v
er
y
e
n
tr
y
w
a
y
t
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
is
b
eli
ev
ed
to
b
e
s
tu
c
k
,
a
n
d
a
te
s
t
p
at
h
i
s
m
ad
e
to
ex
h
ib
it
th
e
d
esi
g
n
is
b
r
o
k
en
.
T
h
e
tes
t
p
ath
o
f
th
e
v
ec
to
r
is
a
s
o
cial
e
v
en
t
o
f
v
ec
to
r
ed
b
its
to
ad
d
to
th
e
d
es
ig
n
’
s
w
ell
s
p
r
in
g
s
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
,
an
d
a
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
b
its
p
r
ed
ict
ab
le
at
th
e
d
esi
g
n
s
y
ield
.
T
h
e
g
ate
w
a
y
s
tic
k
b
elo
w
id
ea
is
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
,
test
v
ec
to
r
ass
o
ciate
d
w
it
h
th
e
d
esi
g
n
,
in
an
y
o
cc
asio
n
an
y
o
f
th
e
y
ield
b
it
’
s
w
o
n
'
t
d
ec
id
e
with
t
h
e
lo
o
k
i
n
g
at
y
ield
v
ec
to
r
b
its
o
f
t
h
e
te
s
t.
I
n
th
e
w
ak
e
o
f
g
e
tti
n
g
th
e
test
v
ec
to
r
s
ar
e
ap
p
lied
f
o
r
th
e
p
in
s
w
h
ich
ar
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
,
e
v
er
y
s
t
ick
is
r
elate
d
i
n
t
h
is
m
an
n
er
ed
m
et
h
o
d
o
f
r
ea
s
o
n
in
g
o
n
e
to
t
h
e
n
e
x
t
co
u
r
s
e
o
f
ac
tio
n
o
f
test
v
ec
to
r
s
u
s
ed
f
o
r
d
etec
t
is
s
u
e
s
h
ap
p
en
in
g
u
n
d
er
th
e
s
e
cir
cu
m
s
ta
n
ce
s
.
A
ll o
f
t
h
ese
i
n
ad
eq
u
ac
ies is
k
n
o
w
n
as a
lo
n
e
s
tu
c
k
at
f
a
u
lt
s
(
1
,
0
)
w
ea
k
n
es
s
,
in
d
ep
en
d
en
tl
y
.
P
r
esen
ted
d
esig
n
w
o
r
k
ed
w
ell
f
o
r
T
T
L
m
et
h
o
d
o
f
r
ea
s
o
n
i
n
g
(
T
r
an
s
is
to
r
T
r
an
s
is
to
r
L
o
g
ic)
,
it
w
a
s
th
e
j
u
s
tif
ica
tio
n
o
f
o
p
ti
m
al
d
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
ea
r
lier
g
en
er
atio
n
(
1
9
8
0
s
)
,
th
at
p
r
o
d
u
ce
r
s
b
r
o
ad
ca
s
ted
h
o
w
t
h
e
y
h
a
v
e
atte
m
p
ted
w
i
th
t
h
eir
d
esi
g
n
s
b
y
n
u
m
b
er
ca
l
led
"
ad
h
er
ed
to
ac
cu
s
e
in
co
r
p
o
r
atio
n
"
,
w
h
ic
h
a
d
d
r
ess
ed
th
e
d
e
g
r
ee
at
all
li
k
el
y
s
t
u
ck
at
f
au
l
ts
in
ad
eq
u
ac
ies
w
it
h
t
h
e
test
in
g
s
tr
ate
g
y
w
o
u
ld
h
a
v
e
f
in
d
.
W
ith
r
esp
ec
t
to
a
co
m
p
ar
ati
v
e
te
s
ti
n
g
m
o
d
eled
d
esig
n
s
tar
ts
s
e
n
s
ib
l
y
w
ell
f
o
r
C
Me
tal
O
x
id
e
Se
m
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
s
,
t
h
en
i
t
ca
n
't
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
al
l
p
o
s
s
ib
le
C
MO
S
lack
s
.
T
h
is
is
in
li
g
h
t
o
f
th
e
f
ac
t
th
a
t
s
e
m
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
m
a
y
f
i
n
d
o
r
d
etec
t
a
m
is
tak
e
m
o
d
e
k
n
o
w
n
as
a
S
OD
“st
u
ck
-
o
p
en
d
ef
ec
t”,
it
c
an
'
t
co
n
s
tan
t
l
y
p
er
ce
iv
ed
b
y
o
n
e
test
a
n
d
r
eq
u
ir
es
ad
d
itio
n
al
test
v
ec
to
r
s
to
b
e
ass
o
ciate
d
p
r
o
g
r
ess
iv
el
y
.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
s
o
n
ce
f
ail
s
to
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
cr
o
s
s
in
g
w
ea
k
n
ess
e
s
a
m
o
n
g
n
ei
g
h
b
o
r
i
n
g
s
i
g
n
li
n
es,
ar
i
s
in
g
in
p
i
n
s
th
at
d
eter
m
i
n
atio
n
tr
an
s
p
o
r
t
af
f
iliat
io
n
s
w
h
ich
g
r
o
u
p
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es.
I
n
c
id
en
tall
y
,
s
in
g
le
s
t
u
c
k
at
f
a
u
lt
i
m
p
er
f
ec
t
io
n
s
ar
e
ex
te
n
s
iv
el
y
p
r
ef
er
r
ed
an
d
w
ith
f
e
w
m
o
r
e
test
s
h
as
e
m
p
o
w
er
ed
m
a
n
u
f
a
ctu
r
in
g
s
e
n
d
an
a
g
r
ee
ab
le
to
n
o
o
f
h
o
r
r
en
d
o
u
s
cir
c
u
its
.
T
esti
n
g
s
u
b
j
ec
t
to
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g
n
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h
elp
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to
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le
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ite
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s
:
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est d
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ed
to
s
in
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lar
ad
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to
d
ef
ec
t a
s
f
r
eq
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s
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le
d
etec
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in
ca
lc
u
lab
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f
u
r
th
er
s
tu
c
k
at
d
ef
ec
ts
.
b.
C
o
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r
s
e
o
f
ac
tio
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o
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s
ce
n
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’
s
f
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t
u
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at
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m
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s
,
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to
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k
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a,
d
etec
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in
ca
lc
u
lab
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ad
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f
o
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t
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-
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is
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ag
ain
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lled
"
ad
v
an
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lack
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est to
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t
h
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P
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u
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en
t o
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a
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m
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esig
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r
e
f
lects
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e
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u
p
le
o
f
e
m
er
g
i
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g
tes
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v
ec
to
r
s
is
as
s
o
ciate
d
.
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MO
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attr
ac
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s
f
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as t
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d
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at
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ltip
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n
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ar
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in
co
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ated
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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R
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f
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ab
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&
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b
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d
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Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2089
-
4864
Mo
d
ern
d
esig
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a
p
p
r
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a
ch
o
f
f
a
u
lts
of
R
OB
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b
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s
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c
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b
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eq
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en
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s
(
K
u
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d
a
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yu
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u
)
165
n
o
t.
I
n
s
u
f
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w
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ar
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ig
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r
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2089
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4864
I
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I
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b
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N:
2089
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4864
Mo
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6.
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ased
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th
d
if
f
er
en
t
tech
n
iq
u
es
in
T
ab
le
2
.
B
y
p
ar
titi
o
n
i
n
g
w
e
ca
n
f
in
d
t
h
e
f
au
lts
i
n
to
g
g
li
n
g
an
d
b
r
id
g
e
f
a
u
lts
also
u
s
i
n
g
an
ad
d
itio
n
al
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
in
to
th
e
d
esig
n
as
2
x
1
m
u
ltip
le
x
er
.
T
h
e
p
ar
titi
o
n
ed
test
s
s
et
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
ei
g
h
t
tes
t
v
ec
to
r
s
at
t
h
e
r
es
u
lta
n
t
p
o
l
y
n
o
m
ial
t
i
m
e
li
m
it.
C
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
4
N
as
th
e
le
n
g
t
h
o
f
test
,
N
r
ep
r
esen
ts
i
n
ter
n
al
n
o
d
es o
f
th
e
to
p
d
esi
g
n
(
R
OB
DD)
w
h
ic
h
d
escr
ib
es c
ir
cu
it b
eh
av
io
r
.
A
s
f
ar
w
e
k
n
o
w
th
e
t
est b
r
in
g
u
p
ef
f
o
r
t a
t
MS
A
F,
T
F&
B
F’s,
all
f
a
u
lt
s
ar
e
au
to
m
atica
ll
y
co
v
er
ed
.
Hen
ce
w
e
ca
n
r
ed
u
ce
ar
ea
co
m
p
ar
e
to
th
e
ex
i
s
ti
n
g
r
esear
ch
o
f
R
OB
DD.
A
CK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
Au
t
h
o
r
s
w
o
u
ld
lik
e
to
th
a
n
k
Sh
r
i
B
H
V
S
N
Mu
r
th
y
,
D
S&
D
ir
ec
to
r
,
R
C
I
an
d
Dr
B
h
ee
m
a
R
ao
,
HOD,
E
C
E
Dep
t.
,
P
r
esen
tHO
D,
Dep
t
E
C
E
P
r
o
f
L
An
j
an
e
y
u
l
u
an
d
al
s
o
D
R
C
m
e
m
b
er
s
NI
T
W
f
o
r
th
eir
co
n
s
ta
n
t e
n
co
u
r
ag
e
m
en
t,
v
al
u
ab
le
s
u
g
g
e
s
tio
n
s
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t f
o
r
ca
r
r
y
in
g
o
u
t t
h
is
w
o
r
k
as p
ar
t o
f
m
y
P
h
D
w
o
r
k
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
J.
P
.
Ha
y
e
s,
"
A
N
A
ND
M
o
d
e
l
f
o
r
F
a
u
lt
Dia
g
n
o
sis
i
n
C
o
m
b
in
a
ti
o
n
a
l
L
o
g
ic
N
e
t
w
o
rk
s,"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s,
o
n
Co
m
p
u
ter
s
,
v
o
l.
C
-
2
0
,
n
o
.
1
2
,
p
p
.
1
4
9
6
-
1
5
0
6
,
1
9
7
1
.
[2
]
D.
R.
S
c
h
e
rtz
a
n
d
G
.
M
e
tze
,
"
A
Ne
w
Re
p
re
se
n
tatio
n
f
o
r
F
a
u
lt
s
in
Co
m
b
in
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Dig
it
a
l
Circu
it
s,"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
o
n
Co
mp
u
ter
s
,
v
o
l
.
C
-
2
1
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
8
5
8
-
8
6
6
,
1
9
7
2
.
[3
]
H.
T
a
k
a
h
a
sh
i,
K.
O.
Bo
a
ten
g
,
K.
K.
S
a
lu
ja,
Y.
T
a
k
a
m
a
tsu
,
"
On
Di
a
g
n
o
sin
g
M
u
lt
i
p
le
S
t
u
c
k
-
a
t
F
a
u
lt
s
u
sin
g
M
u
lt
i
p
l
e
a
n
d
S
in
g
le
F
a
u
lt
S
im
u
lat
io
n
in
Co
m
b
in
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Circu
i
ts,"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Co
mp
u
ter
-
Ai
d
e
d
De
sig
n
o
f
In
teg
ra
te
d
Circ
u
it
s
a
n
d
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
2
1
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
3
6
2
-
3
6
8
,
2
0
0
2
.
[4
]
V.
K.
A
g
a
r
w
a
l
a
n
d
A
.
S
.
F
.
F
u
n
g
,
"
M
u
lt
ip
le
F
a
u
lt
T
e
stin
g
o
f
L
a
r
g
e
Circ
u
it
s
b
y
S
in
g
le
F
a
u
lt
T
e
st
S
e
t
s,"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
,
o
n
C
o
mp
u
ter
s
,
v
o
l.
C
-
3
0
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
p
p
.
8
5
5
-
8
6
5
,
1
9
8
1
.
[5
]
J.
L
.
A
.
Hu
g
h
e
s
a
n
d
E.
J.
M
c
Clu
s
k
e
y
,
"
A
n
A
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
th
e
M
u
lt
i
p
l
e
F
a
u
lt
De
tec
ti
o
n
Ca
p
a
b
il
it
e
s
o
f
S
in
g
le
S
tu
c
k
-
A
t
F
a
u
lt
T
e
st S
e
ts,"
Pro
c
.
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
T
e
st C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
(
IT
C)
,
p
p
5
2
-
5
8
,
1
9
8
4
[6
]
J.
L
.
A
.
Hu
g
h
e
s,
"
M
u
lt
ip
le
F
a
u
lt
De
tec
ti
o
n
Us
i
n
g
S
in
g
le
F
a
u
lt
T
e
st
S
e
ts,"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Co
mp
u
ter
-
Ai
d
e
d
De
sig
n
,
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
0
0
-
1
0
8
,
1
9
8
8
[7
]
A
.
Ag
ra
wa
l,
A
.
S
a
ld
a
n
h
a
,
L
.
L
a
v
a
g
n
o
,
a
n
d
A
.
L
.
S
a
n
g
io
v
a
n
n
i
-
V
in
c
e
n
telli
,
"
Co
m
p
a
c
t
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
lete
tes
t
se
t
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
f
o
r
m
u
lt
ip
le stu
c
k
-
f
a
u
lt
s,"
Co
mp
u
ter
-
Ai
d
e
d
De
sig
n
(
ICCAD)
,
p
p
.
2
1
2
-
2
1
9
,
1
9
9
6
.
[8
]
M
.
F
u
ji
ta
a
n
d
A
.
M
ish
e
n
k
o
,
"
Eff
icie
n
t
S
A
T
-
b
a
s
e
d
A
T
P
G
Tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
f
o
r
A
ll
M
u
lt
ip
le
S
t
u
c
k
-
A
t
F
a
u
lt
s,"
IEE
E
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
T
e
st co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
(
IT
C)
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
0
,
2
0
1
4
.
[9
]
E.
J.
M
c
Clu
sk
e
y
a
n
d
S
.
B
o
z
o
rg
u
i
-
Ne
sb
a
t,
"
De
si
g
n
f
o
r
A
u
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
T
e
st,
"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s o
n
C
o
mp
u
ter
s
,
v
o
l.
c
-
3
0
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
N
o
v
1
9
81
.
[1
0
]
E.
J.
M
c
Clu
sk
e
y
,
"
V
e
rif
ica
ti
o
n
T
e
stin
g
-
A
P
s
e
u
d
o
e
x
h
a
u
stiv
e
Te
st
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
,
"
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Co
mp
u
ter
s
,
v
o
l.
c
-
33,
n
o
.
6
,
Ju
n
1
9
8
4
.
[1
1
]
I.
Ko
h
a
v
i
a
n
d
Z.
Ko
h
a
v
i,
"
De
tec
t
io
n
o
f
m
u
lt
ip
le
f
a
u
lt
s
i
n
c
o
m
b
in
a
ti
o
n
a
l
l
o
g
ic
n
e
tw
o
rk
s,"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
Co
mp
u
t
.
,
v
o
l
.
c
-
21,
p
p
.
5
5
6
-
5
6
8
,
J
u
n
1
9
7
2
.
[1
2
]
T
o
ra
l
S
h
a
h
,
V
ire
n
d
ra
S
in
g
h
,
a
n
d
A
n
z
h
e
la
M
a
tro
so
v
a
,
"
R
OBD
D
b
a
se
d
P
a
th
De
lay
F
a
u
lt
tes
tab
l
e
c
o
m
b
in
a
ti
o
n
a
l
c
ircu
it
d
e
sig
n
,
"
1
4
th
I
EE
E
E
a
st
-
W
e
st De
sig
n
a
n
d
T
e
st S
y
mp
o
siu
m(
EW
DTS
)
,
Ye
re
v
a
n
,
A
r
m
e
n
ia
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
3
]
Ro
lf
Dre
c
h
sle
r
a
n
d
ju
n
h
a
o
sh
i
a
n
d
g
o
e
rsc
h
w
in
f
e
y
,
"
E
ff
icie
n
t
S
A
T
-
b
a
s
e
d
AT
P
G
(A
u
to
m
a
ti
c
T
e
st
P
a
tt
e
r
n
G
e
n
e
r
a
to
r)
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
s
f
o
r
A
ll
M
u
lt
i
p
le
S
t
u
c
k
-
A
t
F
a
u
lt
s
,"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Di
a
g
n
o
stics
o
f
e
lec
tro
n
icc
irc
u
it
s
a
n
d
sy
ste
ms
wo
rk
sh
o
p
,
2
0
0
5
.
[1
4
]
Ro
lf
Dre
c
h
sle
r
a
n
d
j
u
n
h
a
o
sh
i
a
n
d
g
o
e
rsc
h
w
in
f
e
y
,
"S
y
n
th
e
si
s
o
f
f
u
l
ly
tes
tab
le
c
ircu
it
s
f
ro
m
BDD
’s
"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
c
o
mp
u
ter
Ai
d
e
d
De
sig
n
o
f
c
irc
u
it
s a
n
d
sy
ste
ms
,
2
0
0
4
.
[1
5
]
M
.
L
.
Ch
u
a
n
g
a
n
d
C.
Y.
W
a
n
g
,
"
S
y
n
th
e
sis
o
f
Re
v
e
rsib
le
S
e
q
u
e
n
t
ial
El
e
m
e
n
ts,"
ACM
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
n
Eme
rg
in
g
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
in
C
o
mp
u
ti
n
g
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
3
,
n
o
.
4
,
Ja
n
2
0
0
8
.
[1
6
]
S
.
K.
S
Ha
ri,
S
.
S
h
r
o
f
f
,
S
.
N.
M
a
h
a
m
m
a
d
,
a
n
d
V.
Ka
m
a
k
o
ti
,
"
Eff
i
c
ien
t
Bu
il
d
in
g
Blo
c
k
s
f
o
r
Re
v
e
r
s
ib
le
S
e
q
u
e
n
ti
a
l
Circu
it
d
e
sig
n
,
"
4
9
th
IEE
E
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
M
id
we
st S
y
mp
o
siu
m
o
n
C
irc
u
it
s a
n
d
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
1
,
2
0
0
6
.
[1
7
]
M
d
.
S
a
if
u
l
Isla
m
,
M
.
M
.
Ra
h
m
an
,
a
n
d
Zerin
a
Be
g
u
m
,
"
S
y
n
th
e
sis
o
f
fa
u
lt
to
lera
n
t
re
v
e
rsib
le
c
irc
u
it
s,"
IEE
E
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
T
e
sti
n
g
a
n
d
Dia
g
n
o
sis
,
2
8
-
2
9
A
p
r
2
0
0
9
.
[1
8
]
B.
P
a
rh
a
m
i,
"
F
a
u
l
t
to
lera
n
t
re
v
e
rsib
le
c
ircu
it
s,"
in
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
4
0
th
Asimo
l
a
r
Co
n
f
.
S
i
g
n
a
ls,
S
y
ste
ms
,
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
ter
s,
P
a
c
if
ic Gr
o
v
e
,
CA
,
O
c
t
2
0
0
6
.
[1
9
]
A
.
Ba
n
e
rjee
a
n
d
A
.
P
a
th
a
k
,
"
On
t
h
e
S
y
n
th
e
sis o
f
S
e
q
u
e
n
ti
a
l
Re
v
e
rs
ib
le Ci
rc
u
it
,
"
a
rXiv [
q
u
a
n
t
-
ph]
,
2
8
Ju
l
2
0
0
7
.
[2
0
]
H.
T
h
a
p
li
y
a
l,
N.
Ra
n
g
a
n
a
th
a
n
a
n
d
S
a
u
ra
b
h
Ko
ti
y
a
l,
"
D
e
sig
n
o
f
Tes
tab
le
Re
v
e
rsib
le
S
e
q
u
e
n
ti
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