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[
5
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-
[
1
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
R
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S
I
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N:
2089
-
4864
A
P
o
w
er E
fficien
t S
elf
B
ia
s
ed
OTA
Desig
n
b
a
s
ed
o
n
/
Meth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
w
ith
C
o
n
s
id
erin
g
…
(
V
ika
s
Mit
ta
l
)
105
2.
SE
L
F
B
AIS
E
D
O
T
A
ARCH
I
T
E
CT
URE
Self
b
iased
cir
cu
i
t
is
t
h
e
cir
cu
i
t
in
w
h
ich
t
h
er
e
is
n
o
n
ee
d
o
f
an
y
e
x
ter
n
al
b
ias
in
g
cir
cu
i
t
at
an
y
s
tag
e
;
m
ea
n
s
w
e
m
ad
e
cir
cu
it
i
n
s
u
ch
a
w
a
y
t
h
at
it
ta
k
e
t
h
e
b
ias
in
g
v
o
lta
g
e
f
r
o
m
a
n
y
n
o
d
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o
f
th
e
p
r
esen
t
cir
c
u
it.
Self
B
iased
C
ir
cu
it
i
s
ab
le
to
b
ias
its
o
u
tp
u
t
to
an
eq
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i
v
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en
t
b
an
d
g
ap
v
o
ltag
e
w
i
th
o
u
t
u
s
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n
g
an
y
ex
ter
n
al
v
o
ltag
e
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
o
r
ex
tr
a
p
in
.
A
s
elf
-
b
iased
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
w
h
ich
h
as
an
o
p
er
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g
p
o
in
t
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
o
f
th
e
p
r
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ce
s
s
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
an
d
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
v
ar
iatio
n
s
h
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ce
r
en
d
er
in
g
a
m
o
r
e
r
o
b
u
s
t
d
esi
g
n
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
e
s
elf
-
b
iased
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
also
g
iv
e
s
a
co
n
s
ta
n
t
r
atio
o
f
th
e
b
a
n
d
w
id
th
to
r
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e
n
ce
f
r
eq
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n
c
y
a
n
d
a
co
n
s
ta
n
t
d
am
p
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n
g
f
ac
to
r
.
T
h
ese
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
s
tab
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o
f
a
OT
A
w
h
ile
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th
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a
m
e
ti
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in
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th
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p
h
ase
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is
e
lo
w
ac
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s
s
th
e
en
tire
r
ef
er
en
ce
f
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eq
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en
c
y
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g
e
[
1
3
]
.
Fix
ed
b
ias
cir
cu
its
g
et
th
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b
ias
v
o
ltag
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f
r
o
m
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(
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g
as
s
i
m
p
le
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s
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v
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v
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)
.
Of
te
n
in
th
at
ca
s
e
th
e
b
ia
s
m
a
y
b
e
lef
t
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d
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p
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o
f
th
e
cir
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it.
Sel
f
b
ia
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ed
cir
cu
it
s
g
et
th
e
ir
b
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v
o
ltag
e
s
f
r
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m
th
e
cir
c
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it
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ts
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f
ten
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th
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at
iv
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
.
T
h
is
is
v
er
y
u
s
ef
u
l
w
h
e
n
a
cir
cu
it
is
e
x
tr
e
m
e
l
y
s
e
n
s
it
iv
e
to
b
ias
p
o
in
ts
a
n
d
it
b
ec
o
m
e
s
i
m
p
r
ac
tica
l
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
ex
ter
n
al
b
iases
th
a
t
ar
e
co
r
r
ec
t
to
v
er
y
h
ig
h
ac
cu
r
ac
ies.
T
h
is
ca
n
h
ap
p
en
in
h
ig
h
g
ain
a
m
p
li
f
ier
s
w
it
h
v
er
y
h
i
g
h
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
o
u
tp
u
t
n
o
d
es
s
u
c
h
as
a
co
m
m
o
n
s
o
u
r
ce
a
m
p
lif
ier
w
it
h
an
ac
ti
v
e
lo
ad
[
1
4
]
,
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
e
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
cir
c
u
it
d
e
p
en
d
s
o
n
t
h
e
b
ias
o
f
t
h
e
ac
ti
v
e
lo
ad
.
I
t
w
o
u
ld
t
h
er
ef
o
r
e
b
e
d
esira
b
le
to
s
ac
r
if
ice
s
o
m
e
o
f
th
i
s
g
ain
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
a
n
e
g
ati
v
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
to
t
h
e
g
ate
o
f
t
h
e
ac
t
iv
e
lo
ad
.
T
h
is
w
a
y
yo
u
w
o
u
ld
n
o
t
h
a
v
e
to
b
ia
s
t
h
e
cir
cu
it
y
o
u
r
s
elf
b
u
t
w
ill
lo
s
e
s
o
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
g
ai
n
o
f
t
h
e
cir
cu
i
t
as
a
p
r
ice.
T
h
is
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
tr
ad
e
o
f
f
o
f
an
a
lo
g
cir
cu
its
[
1
7
]
-
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
e
cir
cu
it f
o
r
s
elf
b
aised
OT
A
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Self
b
iased
OT
A
T
h
e
b
iasi
n
g
f
o
r
th
e
i
n
p
u
t
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
MN
1
a
n
d
MN
2
ar
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
t
h
e
d
r
ain
ter
m
i
n
al
(
n
o
d
e
P
)
o
f
MP
1
,
th
er
e
is
n
o
n
ee
d
o
f
e
x
te
r
n
al
b
iasi
n
g
c
ir
cu
it
i
s
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
o
p
er
atin
g
t
h
is
OT
A
.
Her
e
,
th
er
e
is
o
n
l
y
n
ee
d
to
ap
p
ly
A
C
i
n
p
u
t.
Des
ig
n
i
n
g
is
in
s
u
c
h
a
m
a
n
n
er
th
a
t
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
at
p
o
in
t
P
is
1
.
6
5
3
4
v
o
lt.
Her
e
MP
1
is
u
s
i
n
g
also
as a
cu
r
r
en
t so
u
r
ce
f
o
r
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
cu
r
r
en
t to
MN
3
an
d
wh
ich
i
s
m
ir
r
o
r
in
g
i
n
MN
4
.
3.
DE
S
I
G
N
I
M
P
L
E
M
E
NT
AT
I
O
N
O
F
O
T
A
C
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
t
h
e
OT
A
d
esig
n
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
an
d
th
e
ch
o
s
e
n
OT
A
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e,
th
e
tr
a
n
s
co
n
d
u
cto
r
w
a
s
d
esig
n
ed
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
/
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
y
[
20
]
-
[
25
]
.
Fo
r
ea
ch
t
r
an
s
is
to
r
,
th
e
/
f
ac
to
r
is
ch
o
s
e
n
,
an
d
th
en
t
h
e
n
o
r
m
alize
d
cu
r
r
en
t
/(
W
/L
)
is
d
eter
m
in
ed
f
o
r
ea
ch
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
f
r
o
m
th
e
/
v
s
.
/(
W
/L
)
cu
r
v
e
f
o
r
th
e
tar
g
et
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
.
T
h
e
n
,
w
it
h
th
e
d
r
ai
n
cu
r
r
e
n
t
v
alu
e
f
o
u
n
d
,
t
h
e
W
/L
o
f
ea
c
h
tr
a
n
s
i
s
to
r
ca
n
b
e
o
b
tain
ed
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
lete
d
esi
g
n
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
is
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
as f
o
llo
w
s
:
a.
C
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
SR
s
p
ec
i
f
icatio
n
,
th
e
b
ias cu
r
r
e
n
t is d
eter
m
in
ed
:
I
b
ias
≥
SR
.
C
L
,
I
b
ias
→
=
75μA
;
b.
Fro
m
th
e
tr
an
s
co
n
d
u
cta
n
ce
g
a
in
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
3
5
d
B
an
d
I
D1
=1
2
.
5
μ
A
,
th
e
/
r
atio
o
f
th
e
NM
OS
d
if
f
er
e
n
tial p
air
(
MN
1
-
MN
2
)
ca
n
b
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
9
-
4
864
I
J
R
E
S
V
o
l.
7
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
l
y
201
8
:
1
0
4
–
1
14
106
(
/
)
N1
=
(
/
)
N2
=
5
→
(
W
/L
)
N1
=
(
W
/L
)
N2
=
1
.
2
9
;
c.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
m
ir
r
o
r
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
s
(
MN
3
-
MN
4
)
ar
e
o
p
er
ate
d
in
s
tr
o
n
g
i
n
v
er
s
io
n
to
g
u
ar
an
tee
d.
g
o
o
d
m
atc
h
i
n
g
an
d
n
o
i
s
e
p
r
o
p
er
ties
.
T
h
u
s
w
e
ch
o
o
s
e:
(
/
)
N3
=
(
/
)
N4
=
1
.
7
0
→
(
W
/L
)
N3
=
(
W
/L
)
N4
=
0
.
5
;
e.
T
h
e
lo
ad
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
(
MP
2
-
MP3
)
s
h
o
u
ld
also
o
p
er
ate
in
s
tr
o
n
g
in
v
er
s
io
n
:
(
/
)
P2
=
(
/
)
P3
=
9
.
0
9
→
(
W
/L
)
P2
=
(
W
/L
)
P3
=
7
.
5
0
;
f.
Fo
r
th
e
C
MFB
cir
cu
itr
y
(
MP
4
,
MP
5
,
MP6
,
MN
4
5
,
MN
6
)
,
to
g
u
ar
an
tee
s
tab
le
b
ias
co
n
d
itio
n
s
w
e
h
a
v
e:
GW
B
CMFB
≥
GB
W
M
1,
M
2
.
T
h
u
s
,
(
/
)
P4,
P5
=
2
,
(
/
)
P6
=
3
.
5
an
d
(
/
)
N5,
N6
=
2
;
g.
Her
e
tr
an
s
is
to
r
MP
1
p
r
o
v
id
es
th
e
b
iasi
n
g
v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
1
.
6
5
V
at
in
p
u
t
an
d
g
iv
i
n
g
t
h
e
b
ias
cu
r
r
en
t
o
f
7
5
μ
A
,
th
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
(
W
/L
)
P1
=
1
.
4
3
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
w
s
OT
A
i
m
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
.
T
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
p
lo
ts
f
o
r
o
b
tain
in
g
th
e
v
al
u
es
o
f
(
W
/L
)
’
s
f
r
o
m
/
Me
th
o
d
o
lo
g
y
ar
e
g
i
v
i
n
g
i
n
t
h
e
P
lo
ts
Fig
u
r
e
3
an
d
Fi
g
u
r
e
4.
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
.
OT
A
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tat
io
n
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Gettin
g
th
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
MN
1
,
MN
2
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Gettin
g
th
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
MN
3
,
MN
4
B
y
th
e
s
a
m
e
w
a
y
th
e
v
al
u
es
o
f
all
(
W
/
L
)
’
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
g
o
tte
n
.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
ed
v
alu
e
s
f
o
r
th
e
t
r
an
s
is
to
r
s
s
izes
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
ab
le
1
af
ter
iter
atio
n
s
.
Her
e
a
f
ter
i
ter
at
io
n
s
t
h
e
cir
c
u
it
h
a
v
e
m
ad
e
cir
cu
it
i
n
s
u
c
h
a
w
a
y
th
at
t
h
e
D
C
v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
o
u
tp
u
t
n
o
d
e
o
f
th
e
f
ir
s
t
s
ta
g
e
is
o
n
1
.
6
5
V.
T
h
is
w
il
l
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
DC
in
p
u
t
to
th
e
n
e
x
t
OT
A
s
tag
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
R
E
S
I
SS
N:
2089
-
4864
A
P
o
w
er E
fficien
t S
elf
B
ia
s
ed
OTA
Desig
n
b
a
s
ed
o
n
/
Meth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
w
ith
C
o
n
s
id
erin
g
…
(
V
ika
s
Mit
ta
l
)
107
T
ab
le
1
.
O
T
A
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
s
o
b
tain
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
d
esig
n
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
N
a
me
o
f
T
r
a
n
si
st
o
r
(
W
/
L
)
M
N
1
,
M
N
2
7
1
.
3
M
N
3
,
M
N
4
0
.
7
1
4
M
N
5
,
M
N
6
0
.
7
1
4
M
P
1
1
.
4
2
8
M
P
2
,
M
P
3
1
.
2
8
5
M
P
4
,
M
P
5
0
.
7
1
4
M
P
6
2
T
h
e
f
u
ll
y
s
el
f
b
iased
OT
A
w
as
th
en
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
ac
co
r
d
i
n
g
to
th
e
to
p
o
lo
g
y
s
h
o
w
ed
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
A
ll
tr
an
s
co
n
d
u
cto
r
s
o
p
er
ate
with
o
n
e
co
m
m
o
n
b
ias
g
e
n
er
ati
n
g
c
ir
cu
it,
w
h
ic
h
i
m
p
r
o
v
es
t
h
e
m
atc
h
in
g
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
OT
A’
s
s
tag
e.
4.
L
AYO
U
T
4
.
1
.
Ana
lo
g
L
a
y
o
ut
W
h
en
lo
w
-
le
v
el
o
r
h
ig
h
-
p
r
ec
is
io
n
cir
cu
itr
y
is
b
ein
g
d
esig
n
ed
,
a
lo
t
o
f
ca
r
e
is
u
s
u
all
y
g
iv
e
n
to
th
e
d
etail
s
o
f
th
e
cir
cu
it
s
c
h
e
m
atic
an
d
h
o
w
t
h
e
s
ig
n
al
r
u
n
s
ar
e
r
o
u
ted
.
I
n
la
y
o
u
t
s
f
o
r
d
ig
ital
cir
cu
its
,
th
e
s
p
ee
d
an
d
th
e
ar
ea
ar
e
th
e
t
w
o
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
is
s
u
e
s
.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast,
th
e
la
y
o
u
t
f
o
r
an
alo
g
cir
cu
it
s
,
ev
er
y
t
h
in
g
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
s
i
m
u
lta
n
eo
u
s
l
y
[
2
6
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
th
e
s
p
ee
d
an
d
th
e
ar
ea
,
o
th
er
eq
u
all
y
cr
i
tical
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
tak
en
i
n
to
ac
co
u
n
t.
I
n
an
alo
g
la
y
o
u
t
m
o
r
e
ca
r
e
h
a
s
to
b
e
g
iv
e
n
as
t
h
e
cir
cu
it
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
c
h
a
n
g
e
s
d
r
asti
ca
ll
y
d
u
e
to
n
o
i
s
e,
m
i
s
m
atc
h
es,
cr
o
s
s
ta
lk
a
n
d
s
h
ield
in
g
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
p
r
o
tect
cr
itical
n
o
d
es
f
r
o
m
b
ein
g
d
is
tu
r
b
ed
[
2
7
]
.
W
ith
o
u
t
p
r
o
p
e
r
lay
o
u
t,
t
h
e
m
i
s
m
atch
e
s
an
d
t
h
e
co
u
p
led
n
o
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
R
E
S
I
SS
N:
2089
-
4864
A
P
o
w
er E
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elf
B
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s
ed
OTA
Desig
n
b
a
s
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3
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F
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
9
-
4
864
I
J
R
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S
V
o
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7
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No
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2
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l
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201
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14
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3
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5
P
F
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
R
E
S
I
SS
N:
2089
-
4864
A
P
o
w
er E
fficien
t S
elf
B
ia
s
ed
OTA
Desig
n
b
a
s
ed
o
n
/
Meth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
w
ith
C
o
n
s
id
erin
g
…
(
V
ika
s
Mit
ta
l
)
111
T
ab
le
3
.
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tain
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4864
A
P
o
w
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fficien
t S
elf
B
ia
s
ed
OTA
Desig
n
b
a
s
ed
o
n
/
Meth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
w
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C
o
n
s
id
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(
V
ika
s
Mit
ta
l
)
113
Fig
u
r
e
18
.
A
C
An
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y
s
i
s
o
f
P
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w
er
S
u
p
p
l
y
Var
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n
6.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
NS
Self
b
ias
in
g
i
s
th
e
ar
ea
o
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iasi
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g
,
w
h
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ce
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t
h
e
ar
ea
r
eq
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ir
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m
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
cir
cu
it.
As
t
h
e
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
is
s
ca
led
d
o
w
n
it
is
m
o
r
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
f
o
r
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f
ilter
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n
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M
le
v
el.
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e
in
t
h
i
s
t
h
esi
s
w
o
r
k
,
f
u
ll
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s
el
f
b
iased
OT
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u
s
i
n
g
a
d
esig
n
m
et
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o
d
o
lo
g
y
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ased
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n
th
e
/
tr
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s
is
to
r
c
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s
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d
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t
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m
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tic
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h
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T
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h
as
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n
o
f
4
1
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3
5
d
B
an
d
3
d
b
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
o
f
1
3
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7
3
k
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d
th
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o
f
1
2
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4
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z
w
it
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th
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c
u
r
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n
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m
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6
5
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it
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o
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o
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D
C
e
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ter
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al
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iasi
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g
cir
cu
it,
o
n
l
y
n
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d
to
ap
p
l
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VDD
(
3
.
3
V)
.
Her
e
s
elf
b
iasi
n
g
h
as
b
ee
n
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
w
it
h
p
o
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er
co
n
s
u
m
p
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o
f
2
1
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1
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W
.
T
h
e
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
in
p
u
t
s
ta
g
e
u
n
d
er
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
u
p
p
l
y
v
o
lt
ag
es
a
n
d
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
ar
e
s
i
m
u
lated
an
d
an
al
y
ze
d
.
Si
m
u
latio
n
r
esu
l
t
f
o
r
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
v
ar
iatio
n
,
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
l
y
v
ar
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n
s
an
d
lo
ad
v
a
r
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n
s
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
th
e
cir
cu
it
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
w
i
d
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e,
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
l
y
an
d
lo
ad
v
ar
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n
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
f
ea
t
u
r
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o
f
th
e
cir
cu
i
t is t
h
e
s
el
f
b
iasi
n
g
with
lo
w
cu
r
r
en
t c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
6
5
.
5
μ
W
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
S
il
v
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F
.
,
F
lan
d
re
,
D.,
Je
sp
e
rs,
P
.
G
.
A
.
,
“
A
g
m
/ID
Ba
se
d
M
e
th
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f
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th
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sig
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o
f
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n
a
lo
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a
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p
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a
ti
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n
t
o
th
e
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y
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th
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sis
o
f
a
S
il
ico
n
o
n
-
In
su
lato
r
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icro
p
o
w
e
r
OTA
”
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IEE
E
Jo
u
rn
a
l
o
f
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o
lid
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S
tate
Circu
it
s,
v
o
l.
3
1
,
n
o
.
9
,
S
e
p
tem
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e
r
1
9
9
6
.
[2
]
Co
rtes
,
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.
P
.
,
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a
b
ris,
E.
,
a
n
d
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m
p
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.
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“
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n
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ly
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a
n
d
De
sig
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o
f
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p
li
f
iers
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n
d
Co
m
p
a
ra
to
rs
in
CM
OS
0
.
3
5
μm
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
”
,
M
icro
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lec
tro
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ics
R
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li
a
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,
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lv
ier L
td
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v
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4
4
,
p
p
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6
5
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–
6
6
4
.
,
A
p
ril
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.
[3
]
C
o
rtes
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.
,
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a
b
ris,
E.
,
a
n
d
B
a
m
p
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S
.
,
“
A
p
p
ly
in
g
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/
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in
t
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e
A
n
a
l
y
sis
a
n
d
De
sig
n
o
f
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ler
Am
p
li
f
ier,
Co
m
p
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ra
to
r
a
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d
Gm
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C
f
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ter”
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P
ro
c
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d
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n
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s o
f
IF
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P
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L
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-
S
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c
2
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G
e
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m
a
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c
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m
b
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r
2
0
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3
.
[4
]
V
o
o
rn
a
l,
H.,
&
V
e
e
n
stra
,
H.,
“
T
u
n
a
b
le
h
ig
h
-
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
Gm
-
C
f
il
ters
”
.
IEE
E
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
S
o
li
d
-
S
tate
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it
s,
v
o
l.
3
5
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
1
0
9
7
–
1
1
0
8
,
2
0
0
0
.
[5
]
Ka
rd
o
n
tch
ik
,
H.,
G
ra
y
,
P
.
R.
,
“
Hig
h
-
F
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
CM
OS
Co
n
t
in
u
o
u
s
-
T
im
e
F
il
ters
”
.
IEE
E
Jo
u
rn
a
l
o
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S
o
li
d
-
S
tate
S
y
st
e
m
s,
v
o
l.
S
C
-
1
9
,
p
p
.
9
3
9
-
9
4
8
,
1
9
8
4
.
[6
]
G
u
lati
K.,
L
e
e
H.
S
.
,
"
A
Hig
h
S
w
in
g
CM
OS
T
e
les
c
o
p
ic
Op
e
ra
ti
o
n
a
l
A
m
p
li
f
ier
"
,
IEE
E
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
S
o
li
d
S
tat
e
Circu
it
s,
v
o
l.
3
3
,
No
.
1
2
,
De
c
e
m
b
e
r
1
9
9
8
.
[7
]
P
a
n
d
e
y
,
P
.
,
S
i
lv
a
-
M
a
rti
n
e
z
J.,
a
n
d
L
iu
,
X
.
,
“
A
CM
OS
1
4
0
-
m
W
F
o
u
rt
h
-
Ord
e
r
C
o
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
-
T
ime
L
o
w
-
P
a
ss
F
il
ter
S
tab
il
ize
d
w
i
th
a
Clas
s
A
B
Co
m
m
o
n
M
o
d
e
F
e
e
d
b
a
c
k
Op
e
ra
ti
n
g
a
t
5
5
0
M
Hz
”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Circu
i
ts
a
n
d
S
y
st
e
m
s
-
I:
Re
g
u
lar P
a
p
e
rs,
v
o
l.
5
3
,
n
o
.
4
.
p
p
.
8
1
1
,
2
0
0
6
.
[8
]
Na
u
ta,
B.
,
“
A
CM
OS
T
ra
n
sc
o
n
d
u
c
tan
c
e
-
C
F
il
ter
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
V
e
ry
Hig
h
F
re
q
u
e
n
c
ies
”
,
IEE
E
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
S
o
li
d
-
S
tate
Circu
it
s,
v
o
l
.
2
7
,
p
p
.
1
4
2
–
1
5
3
,
1
9
9
2
.
[9
]
T
h
a
n
a
c
h
a
y
a
n
o
n
t,
A
.
,
&
P
a
y
n
e
,
A
.
,
“
CM
OS
F
lo
a
ti
n
g
A
c
ti
v
e
In
d
u
c
to
r
a
n
d
it
s
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
to
Ba
n
d
p
a
ss
F
il
ter
a
n
d
Os
c
il
lato
r
De
sig
n
s”
,
IEE
P
ro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s Circu
it
s,
De
v
ice
s a
n
d
S
y
ste
m
s,
v
o
l.
1
4
7
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
4
2
–
4
8
,
2
0
0
0
.
[1
0
]
S
á
n
c
h
es
-
S
in
e
n
c
i
o
,
E
.
,
S
il
v
a
-
M
a
rti
n
e
z
,
J.,
“
CM
OS
T
ra
n
sc
o
n
d
u
c
ta
n
c
e
Am
p
li
f
iers
a
n
d
A
c
ti
v
e
F
il
ters
:
a
T
u
to
rial”
,
P
r
o
c
e
e
d
in
g
s o
f
IEE
E
Circ
u
it
s De
v
ice
s S
y
ste
m
s,
v
o
l.
1
4
7
,
p
p
.
3
-
1
2
,
2
0
0
0
.
[1
1
]
Bu
rg
g
e
r,
V
.
W
.
,
Ho
stick
a
,
B.
J.,
a
n
d
M
o
sc
h
y
tz,
G
.
S
.
,
"
A
Co
m
p
a
ris
o
n
o
f
S
e
m
ico
n
d
u
c
t
o
r
C
o
n
tr
o
ll
e
d
S
o
u
rc
e
s
f
o
r
th
e
De
sig
n
o
f
A
c
ti
v
e
RC I
m
p
e
d
a
n
c
e
s
"
,
In
t.
J.
o
f
Circu
it
T
h
e
o
ry
a
n
d
A
p
p
l.
,
v
o
l.
1
0
,
p
p
.
2
7
-
4
2
,
1
9
8
2
.
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