I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
Rec
o
nfig
ura
ble a
nd
E
m
be
dd
e
d Sy
s
t
e
m
s
(
I
J
R
E
S
)
Vo
l.
5
,
No
.
3
,
No
v
em
b
er
201
6
,
p
p
.
1
27
~
13
1
I
SS
N:
2089
-
4864
127
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ia
e
s
jo
u
r
n
a
l.c
o
m/o
n
lin
e/in
d
ex
.
p
h
p
/I
J
RES
Desig
n and
I
m
ple
m
en
tatio
n
o
f
8x
8
Multiplier
u
sing
4
-
2
Co
m
pr
ess
o
r
a
nd
5
-
2
Co
m
pr
ess
o
r
K
.
H
a
ri
K
is
ho
re
,
K
.
Ak
hil
,
G
.
Vis
w
a
na
t
h
,
N.
P
a
v
a
n K
u
m
a
r
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
ECE
in
K
L
Un
iv
e
rsity
G
r
e
e
n
f
ield
s
-
5
2
2
5
0
2
,
A
P
,
I
n
d
ia
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
A
p
r
24
,
2
0
1
6
R
ev
i
s
ed
A
u
g
3
,
2
0
1
6
A
cc
ep
ted
A
u
g
1
8
,
2
0
1
6
In
t
h
is
p
a
p
e
r,
a
8
x
8
m
u
lt
ip
li
e
r
is
re
a
li
z
e
d
b
y
u
sin
g
4
-
2
a
n
d
5
-
2
c
o
m
p
re
ss
o
rs.
L
o
w
-
p
o
w
e
r
h
ig
h
sp
e
e
d
4
-
2
c
o
m
p
re
ss
o
rs
a
n
d
5
-
2
c
o
m
p
re
ss
o
rs
a
re
e
x
ten
siv
e
l
y
u
ti
li
z
e
d
f
o
r
n
u
m
e
rica
l
re
a
li
z
a
ti
o
n
s.
Bo
th
th
e
c
o
m
p
re
ss
o
rs
c
ircu
it
s
th
a
t
is
t
h
e
4
-
2
c
o
m
p
re
ss
o
r
c
ircu
it
a
n
d
5
-
2
c
o
m
p
re
ss
o
r
c
ircu
it
in
tern
a
ll
y
c
o
n
sist
o
f
th
e
lo
g
ic
g
a
tes
i.
e
.
th
e
X
OR
a
n
d
X
N
OR
g
a
tes
.
4
-
2
c
o
m
p
re
ss
o
r
c
ircu
it
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
d
e
sig
n
e
d
u
se
s
a
b
ra
n
d
n
e
w
p
a
rti
a
l
-
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
re
d
u
c
ti
o
n
f
o
rm
a
t
th
a
t
c
o
n
se
c
u
ti
v
e
ly
re
d
u
c
e
s
th
e
u
tm
o
st
o
u
tp
u
t
n
e
w
st
y
l
e
o
f
n
u
m
b
e
r
n
e
e
d
s
les
s
v
a
riet
y
o
f
M
O
S
F
ET
’s
c
o
m
p
a
re
d
to
W
a
ll
a
c
e
T
r
e
e
M
u
lt
ip
li
e
rs.
T
h
e
4
-
2
c
o
m
p
re
ss
o
r
u
se
d
is
c
re
a
ted
f
ro
m
h
ig
h
-
sp
e
e
d
a
n
d
c
o
n
sists
o
f
lo
g
ic
g
a
tes
X
OR
a
n
d
X
NO
R
g
a
tes
a
n
d
t
ra
n
sm
issi
o
n
g
a
te
p
r
im
a
ril
y
b
a
se
d
e
lec
tro
n
ic
d
e
v
ice
.
T
h
e
re
g
u
lar
d
e
la
y
a
n
d
sw
it
c
h
in
g
e
n
e
rg
y
a
lso
c
a
ll
e
d
a
s
p
o
w
e
r
-
d
e
l
a
y
p
ro
d
u
c
t
(P
D
P
)
is
d
if
fe
re
n
ti
a
ted
w
it
h
th
e
5
-
2
c
o
m
p
re
ss
o
r
e
n
f
o
rc
e
d
w
it
h
4
-
2
Co
m
p
re
ss
o
rs
a
n
d
w
h
il
e
n
o
t
c
o
m
p
re
ss
o
rs,
a
n
d
is
e
v
id
e
n
c
e
d
to
o
w
n
m
in
i
m
u
m
d
e
lay
a
n
d
P
D
P
.
S
im
u
latio
n
s
a
re
p
e
rf
o
r
m
e
d
b
y
m
istrea
t
m
e
n
t
X
il
in
x
ten
.
1
I
S
E.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
:
4
-
2
co
m
p
r
es
s
o
r
5
-
2
co
m
p
r
es
s
o
r
Dad
d
a
m
u
ltip
lier
P
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
Co
p
y
rig
h
t
©
2
0
1
3
In
stit
u
te o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
S
c
ien
c
e
.
Al
l
rig
h
ts
re
se
rv
e
d
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
K.
Ak
h
il
,
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t o
f
E
C
E
i
n
K
L
U
n
iv
er
s
it
y
Gr
ee
n
f
ield
s
-
5
2
2
5
0
2
,
A
P
,
I
n
d
ia
.
E
m
ail:
k
v
r
u
ak
h
il2
@
g
m
ai
l.c
o
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Mu
ltip
lier
s
s
q
u
ar
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
o
n
e
in
all
th
e
f
o
r
e
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
t
an
t
b
lo
ck
s
in
p
c
ar
ith
m
e
tic
an
d
s
q
u
ar
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
u
s
u
all
y
u
tili
ze
d
i
n
to
tall
y
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
d
ig
ital
s
i
g
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
s
.
T
h
e
u
r
g
e
f
o
r
th
i
s
h
i
g
h
s
p
ee
d
m
u
ltip
lier
s
ar
e
en
o
r
m
o
u
s
l
y
g
r
o
w
in
g
i
n
n
u
m
er
ical
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
li
k
e
s
p
ec
ial
e
f
f
ec
ts
,
s
c
ien
t
i
f
ic
ca
lc
u
latio
n
,
a
n
d
d
ig
ital
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
o
f
i
m
a
g
e
s
etc.
T
h
e
r
ate
o
f
m
u
ltip
lica
tio
n
f
ac
to
r
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
h
o
w
b
r
is
k
l
y
th
e
co
m
p
r
es
s
o
r
s
ca
n
w
o
r
k
an
d
d
esi
g
n
er
’
s
s
q
u
a
r
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
cu
r
r
en
tl
y
ad
d
itio
n
al
ce
n
ter
ed
o
n
th
e
d
ela
y
a
n
d
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
lev
el.
T
h
e
m
u
ltip
lier
f
ac
to
r
d
e
s
ig
n
in
v
o
lv
e
s
a
s
er
ies
o
f
s
tep
s
.
Am
o
n
g
t
h
e
m
t
h
e
cr
ea
tio
n
o
f
th
e
p
ar
tial
p
r
o
d
u
ct
s
tag
e
i
s
th
e
f
ir
s
t
s
tag
e,
a
n
d
s
ec
o
n
d
o
n
e
is
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
ab
o
v
e
s
tag
e
a
n
d
last
l
y
th
e
s
u
m
m
atio
n
s
ta
g
e.
T
h
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
f
ir
s
t
s
t
ag
e
is
ac
co
u
n
tab
le
f
o
r
a
lar
g
e
ar
ea
o
f
th
e
en
tire
ti
m
e
l
ag
in
t
h
e
m
u
ltip
licatio
n
,
en
er
g
y
an
d
s
p
a
ce
.
Mo
s
tl
y
th
e
co
m
p
r
es
s
o
r
s
t
y
p
icall
y
ex
ec
u
te
t
h
is
s
tag
e
as
a
r
esu
lt
o
f
t
h
e
y
g
i
v
e
to
th
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
ar
tial
m
er
ch
a
n
d
is
e
an
d
i
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
th
is
t
h
e
y
g
i
v
e
to
s
ca
le
b
ac
k
th
e
e
s
s
e
n
tial
w
a
y
th
at
is
v
er
y
k
ee
n
in
d
escr
ib
i
n
g
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
cir
cu
i
t.
C
o
m
p
r
ess
o
r
s
s
q
u
ar
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
ad
d
itio
n
o
p
er
atio
n
an
d
th
at
th
e
y
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
f
o
r
r
ed
u
ce
d
ess
en
tial
p
ath
d
ela
y
th
at
is
v
er
y
i
m
p
o
r
t
an
t
in
m
ain
tain
i
n
g
cir
cu
it
’
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
T
h
is
w
i
ll b
e
ac
co
m
p
li
s
h
ed
w
ith
u
s
ag
e
o
f
3
-
a
p
air
o
f
C
o
m
p
r
ess
o
r
s
(
Fu
ll
-
A
d
d
er
s
)
an
d
4
-
2
C
o
m
p
r
ess
o
r
s
.
T
h
ese
co
m
p
r
ess
o
r
s
s
q
u
ar
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
in
t
er
n
all
y
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
ed
f
r
o
m
XOR
-
XNO
R
a
n
d
elec
tr
o
n
ic
d
ev
ice
m
o
d
u
le
s
an
d
th
eir
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
s
t
y
le
ca
n
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
p
len
t
y
to
w
ar
d
s
th
e
g
e
n
er
al
s
y
s
te
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
I
n
g
i
f
t
w
o
r
k
,
4
-
2
m
ec
h
an
ica
l
d
ev
ice
m
ad
e
o
f
h
ig
h
-
s
p
ee
d
a
n
d
lo
w
-
p
o
w
er
X
OR
g
ate
a
n
d
X
NOR
g
ate
a
n
d
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
g
ate
p
r
i
m
ar
il
y
b
ased
elec
tr
o
n
ic
d
ev
ice
is
u
s
ed
.
A
b
r
an
d
n
e
w
te
ch
n
iq
u
e
o
f
p
ar
tial
-
p
r
o
d
u
ct
r
ed
u
ctio
n
v
ic
ti
m
izati
o
n
4
-
2
C
o
m
p
r
e
s
s
o
r
s
i
n
m
u
lt
ip
lier
s
ar
e
p
r
o
j
ec
te
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
ed
p
r
e
-
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
s
eq
u
en
ce
o
f
m
atr
ix
h
ei
g
h
ts
to
allo
w
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
v
ar
iet
y
o
f
p
ar
tial
-
p
r
o
d
u
ct
r
ed
u
ctio
n
s
ta
g
es,
w
it
h
r
ed
u
ce
s
d
ela
y
an
d
P
DP
o
f
m
u
ltip
lier
f
ac
to
r
an
d
h
as le
s
s
er
j
u
n
ctio
n
tr
an
s
is
to
r
co
u
n
t.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
9
-
4864
IJ
R
E
S
Vo
l.
5
,
No
.
3
,
No
v
em
b
er
20
1
6
:
1
27
–
13
1
128
2.
4
-
2
CO
M
P
RE
SS
O
R
T
h
e
co
m
p
r
ess
o
r
ca
n
b
e
d
ef
i
n
ed
as
d
ev
ice
o
r
a
cir
cu
it
w
h
ic
h
is
f
o
r
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
p
ar
t
u
tili
ze
d
i
n
m
u
ltip
licatio
n
in
w
h
ic
h
a
p
ar
t
o
f
m
u
ltip
lier
s
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
o
p
er
an
d
s
.
Gen
er
all
y
a
co
m
p
r
ess
o
r
o
f
s
i
ze
M
-
N
in
d
icate
th
at
t
h
er
e
ar
e
M
b
its
th
at
h
a
s
to
b
e
g
iv
en
as
i
n
p
u
ts
t
o
th
e
co
m
p
r
es
s
o
r
an
d
N
in
d
icate
s
th
e
r
es
u
lt
th
a
t
is
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
th
e
co
m
p
r
ess
o
r
.
T
h
e
3
-
2
co
m
p
r
es
s
o
r
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
li
k
el
y
u
s
ed
co
m
p
r
es
s
o
r
.
T
h
e
3
-
2
co
m
p
r
ess
o
r
cir
cu
it
i
n
d
icate
s
t
h
at
t
h
er
e
a
r
e
3
in
p
u
t
b
its
t
h
at
ar
e
to
b
e
ad
d
ed
an
d
f
in
all
y
2
o
u
tp
u
t
b
its
i
s
g
i
v
e
n
to
th
e
n
ex
t
lev
el.
S
i
m
ilar
l
y
th
e
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
o
f
a
4
-
2
co
m
p
r
ess
o
r
lo
o
k
s
s
a
m
e
a
s
t
h
at
o
f
t
h
e
t
w
o
3
-
2
co
m
p
r
ess
o
r
s
.
T
h
e
cu
s
to
m
ar
y
u
s
ag
e
t
h
is
co
m
p
r
e
s
s
o
r
d
ev
ice
in
ter
n
all
y
co
n
s
i
s
t
s
o
f
t
w
o
f
u
ll
a
d
d
er
s
,
a
s
ap
p
ea
r
ed
in
f
i
g
u
r
e.
T
h
e
u
n
iq
u
e
la
y
o
u
t
o
f
4
-
2
co
m
p
r
ess
o
r
is
ac
co
u
n
ted
f
o
r
in
w
r
iti
n
g
a
n
d
th
e
s
e
ar
e
o
v
er
s
ee
in
g
b
y
t
h
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
ta
l
m
at
h
e
m
a
tical
s
tate
m
en
t
as
ta
k
es
af
ter
:
h
er
e
ar
e
s
ev
er
al
e
n
cr
y
p
t
io
n
a
n
d
d
ec
r
y
p
tio
n
al
g
o
r
it
h
m
s
.
An
e
n
cr
y
p
tio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
in
v
o
l
v
es
tr
an
s
f
er
r
i
n
g
o
f
m
es
s
ag
e
b
y
ad
d
in
g
cr
y
p
to
g
r
ap
h
ic
s
ec
u
r
it
y
.
E
n
cr
y
p
tio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
i
n
v
o
l
v
e
o
n
e
o
r
m
o
r
e
k
e
y
s
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
s
i
m
ilar
to
o
n
e
u
s
er
.
T
h
is
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
p
r
o
v
id
es
s
ec
u
r
it
y
to
t
h
e
d
ata
ag
ain
s
t
th
e
attac
k
er
s
w
h
en
p
as
s
in
g
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
ch
a
n
n
el.
B
ased
o
n
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
k
e
y
s
u
s
ed
th
e
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
ar
e
class
i
f
ied
in
to
t
w
o
t
y
p
e
s
,
th
e
y
ar
e:
x
1
+x
2
+x
3
+
x
4
+Ci
n
=a
g
g
r
e
g
ate
+
2
.
(
C
ar
r
y
+
C
o
u
t)
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
1
.
4
-
2
C
o
m
p
r
es
s
o
r
T
h
e
r
eg
u
lar
ex
ec
u
tio
n
o
f
a
4
-
2
C
o
m
p
r
es
s
o
r
is
e
x
p
er
t
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
t
w
o
3
-
2
co
m
p
r
es
s
o
r
s
(
F
A
)
ce
l
ls
(
Fig
u
r
e
3
)
.
Di
v
er
s
e
o
u
tli
n
es
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
i
n
t
h
e
w
r
it
in
g
f
o
r
4
-
2
C
o
m
p
r
ess
o
r
.
T
h
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
o
u
tli
n
e
o
f
an
e
x
ac
t4
-
2
C
o
m
p
r
es
s
o
r
in
v
i
e
w
o
f
t
h
e
s
u
p
p
o
s
ed
XOR
-
XN
OR
e
n
tr
y
w
a
y
s
;
a
XOR
-
X
NO
R
d
o
o
r
all
th
e
w
h
ile
cr
ea
tes
th
e
XOR
g
ate
an
d
XN
OR
g
ate
y
ield
s
i
g
n
al
s
.
T
h
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
co
m
p
r
is
e
s
o
f
3
XOR
g
ate
s
an
d
XNO
R
g
ates
(
i
n
d
icate
d
b
y
XO
R
*
)
d
o
o
r
s
,
1
XOR
an
d
t
w
o
2
x
1
Mu
ltip
le
x
er
s
.
T
h
e
b
asic
w
a
y
o
f
t
h
e
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
h
a
s
a
p
o
s
tp
o
n
em
en
t o
f
3
δ,
w
h
er
e
Δ
i
s
th
e
u
n
i
tar
y
d
ef
er
r
al
th
r
o
u
g
h
an
y
en
tr
y
w
a
y
i
n
th
e
o
u
t
li
n
e.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
2
.
4
-
2
co
m
p
r
ess
o
r
XOR
–
XNOR
m
o
d
u
le
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
R
E
S
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
Desig
n
a
n
d
I
m
p
leme
n
ta
tio
n
o
f 8
x8
Mu
ltip
lier
u
s
in
g
4
-
2
C
o
mp
r
ess
o
r
a
n
d
5
-
2
C
o
mp
r
ess
o
r
(
K
.
A
kh
il
)
129
3.
5
-
2
CO
M
P
RE
SS
O
R
A
5
-
2
C
o
m
p
r
ess
o
r
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
5
in
p
u
t
b
its
,
d
en
o
ted
as
x
1
,
x
2
,
x
3
,
x
4
,
x
5
an
d
t
w
o
co
n
v
e
y
in
p
u
ts
C
in
1
an
d
C
i
n
2
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
4
y
ie
ld
s
lik
e
Ag
g
r
eg
a
te,
C
o
n
v
e
y
,
C
o
u
t1
a
n
d
C
o
u
t2
.
T
h
e
d
ata
c
o
n
v
e
y
b
its
ar
e
t
h
e
y
ield
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
p
ast
s
q
u
ar
e
o
f
co
m
p
r
es
s
o
r
an
d
t
h
e
y
ield
co
n
v
e
y
s
ar
e
g
iv
e
n
to
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
ess
i
v
e
p
h
a
s
e
o
f
co
m
p
r
es
s
o
r
.
T
h
is
ca
n
b
e
ex
ec
u
ted
b
y
u
tili
zi
n
g
t
h
r
ee
p
h
ase
s
o
f
f
u
ll a
d
d
er
s
w
h
ich
ar
e
a
s
s
o
ci
ated
in
ar
r
an
g
e
m
e
n
t
as a
p
p
ea
r
ed
in
f
ig
u
r
e
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
3
.
5
-
2
C
o
m
p
r
es
s
o
r
3
.
1
.
M
ultiplica
t
io
n
I
n
th
is
ar
ea
,
th
e
e
f
f
ec
t
o
f
u
tili
zin
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
c
o
m
p
r
es
s
o
r
s
f
o
r
d
u
p
licatio
n
is
r
esear
ch
ed
.
A
q
u
ic
k
(
co
r
r
ec
t)
m
u
lt
ip
lier
is
n
o
r
m
a
ll
y
m
ad
e
o
u
t o
f
th
r
ee
s
ec
t
io
n
s
(
o
r
m
o
d
u
le
s
)
.
•
I
n
co
m
p
lete
ite
m
er
a.
•
A
m
u
l
tip
lier
is
m
ad
e
o
f
C
ar
r
y
Sav
e
A
d
d
er
(
C
S
A
)
tr
ee
to
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
f
r
ac
tio
n
al
it
e
m
s
'
n
et
w
o
r
k
to
an
ex
p
an
s
io
n
o
f
j
u
s
t 2
i
n
p
u
t
s
th
at
is
o
p
er
an
d
s
.
•
A
C
ar
r
y
P
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
A
d
d
er
(
C
P
A
)
f
o
r
t
h
e
f
i
n
al
ca
lc
u
latio
n
o
f
th
e
p
ar
allel
r
esu
lt.
I
n
th
is
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
at
io
n
o
f
a
m
u
l
tip
lier
,
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
p
ar
t
ass
u
m
es
a
cr
u
cial
p
ar
t
as
f
ar
as
d
ef
er
r
al,
f
o
r
ce
u
tili
za
t
io
n
a
n
d
cir
cu
it
m
u
lti
f
a
ce
ted
n
atu
r
e
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
r
ess
o
r
s
ar
e
g
e
n
er
all
y
u
til
ized
to
ac
ce
ler
ate
th
e
C
S
A
tr
ee
an
d
d
i
m
i
n
is
h
i
n
g
e
n
er
g
y
d
is
s
e
m
i
n
atio
n
,
s
o
to
ac
co
m
p
lis
h
q
u
ick
a
n
d
lo
w
-
co
n
tr
o
l
o
p
er
atio
n
.
T
h
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
s
u
r
m
is
ed
co
m
p
r
es
s
o
r
s
in
t
h
e
C
S
A
tr
ee
o
f
a
m
u
ltip
lier
r
es
u
lts
in
an
i
n
e
x
ac
t
m
u
lt
ip
lier
.
3
.
2
.
Da
dd
a
M
ultiplier
Dad
d
a
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
ca
lcu
latio
n
w
it
h
f
o
r
eo
r
d
ain
ed
s
u
cc
es
s
i
o
n
o
f
lattice
(
s
tag
e)
s
tat
u
r
es
f
o
r
Nx
N
m
u
ltip
lier
s
to
h
a
v
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
d
i
m
i
n
is
h
m
e
n
t
s
ta
g
es.
I
t
is
cr
ea
ted
b
y
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
o
n
ce
ag
ai
n
f
r
o
m
t
w
o
lin
e
s
ta
g
e.
T
h
e
s
tatu
r
e
o
f
e
v
e
r
y
m
id
d
le
o
f
th
e
r
o
ad
s
tag
e
i
s
co
n
s
tr
ain
ed
to
f
lo
o
r
esti
m
ati
o
n
o
f
1
.
5
tim
e
s
th
e
talln
e
s
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
u
cc
e
s
s
o
r
s
ta
g
e
[
1
1
]
.
i.e
.
,
Statu
r
e
o
f
s
ta
g
e
i
=
(
3
/2
)
*
T
alln
es
s
o
f
s
tag
e
i+1
.
A
t
t
h
at
p
o
in
t
ar
r
an
g
e
m
en
t o
f
s
ta
g
e
s
tat
u
r
es
ar
e
2
,
3,
4,
6,
9,
1
3
.
.
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
1
.
Dad
d
a
m
u
lt
ip
lier
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
9
-
4864
IJ
R
E
S
Vo
l.
5
,
No
.
3
,
No
v
em
b
er
20
1
6
:
1
27
–
13
1
130
4.
4
-
2
AND
5
-
2
CO
M
P
RE
SS
O
R
USI
N
G
M
UL
T
I
P
L
I
C
AT
I
O
N
4
.
1
.
Da
dd
a
M
ultiplier
w
it
h
4
-
2
Co
m
pres
s
o
r
Dad
d
a
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
ca
lcu
latio
n
w
it
h
f
o
r
eo
r
d
ain
ed
g
r
o
u
p
in
g
o
f
n
et
w
o
r
k
(
s
ta
g
e)
s
tat
u
r
e
s
f
o
r
Nx
N
m
u
ltip
lier
s
to
h
a
v
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
d
i
m
i
n
i
s
h
m
e
n
t
s
ta
g
es.
I
t
i
s
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
ag
ai
n
f
r
o
m
t
w
o
co
lu
m
n
s
ta
g
e.
T
h
e
talln
ess
o
f
ev
er
y
m
id
d
le
o
f
th
e
r
o
ad
s
tag
e
is
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
ed
to
f
lo
o
r
esti
m
atio
n
o
f
1
.
5
ti
m
es
th
e
s
ta
t
u
r
e
o
f
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
o
r
s
tag
e
.
i.e
.
,
Statu
r
e
o
f
s
ta
g
e
i
=
(
3
/
2
)
*
T
alln
ess
o
f
s
ta
g
e
i+1
.
A
t
th
at
p
o
in
t
ar
r
an
g
e
m
en
t o
f
s
ta
g
e
s
tat
u
r
es
ar
e
2
,
3,
4,
6,
9,
1
3
.
.
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
1
.
Dad
d
a
m
u
lt
ip
lier
w
it
h
4
-
2
co
m
p
r
es
s
o
r
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
2
.
Dad
d
a
Mu
ltip
lier
w
it
h
5
-
2
co
m
p
r
es
s
o
r
5.
T
AB
UL
A
T
I
O
N
T
ab
le
5
.
1
.
Po
w
er
v
al
u
es
w
h
en
u
s
i
n
g
co
m
p
r
e
s
s
o
r
s
M
u
l
t
i
p
l
i
e
r
P
o
w
e
r
4
-
2
c
o
mp
r
e
sso
r
mu
l
t
i
p
l
i
e
r
0
.
0
5
6
w
a
t
t
s
5
-
2
c
o
mp
r
e
sso
r
0
.
0
4
0
W
6.
RE
SU
L
T
S
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
1
.
I
n
th
e
ab
o
v
e
f
i
g
u
r
e
m
[
7
:0
]
an
d
n
[
7
:0
]
ar
e
th
e
in
p
u
ts
a
n
d
P
[
1
5
:0
]
is
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt is
s
h
o
w
n
b
y
4
-
2
co
m
p
r
ess
o
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
R
E
S
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
Desig
n
a
n
d
I
m
p
leme
n
ta
tio
n
o
f 8
x8
Mu
ltip
lier
u
s
in
g
4
-
2
C
o
mp
r
ess
o
r
a
n
d
5
-
2
C
o
mp
r
ess
o
r
(
K
.
A
kh
il
)
131
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
2
.
I
n
th
e
ab
o
v
e
f
i
g
u
r
e
m
[
7
:0
]
an
d
n
[
7
:0
]
ar
e
th
e
in
p
u
ts
a
n
d
P
[
1
5
:0
]
is
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt is
s
h
o
w
n
b
y
5
-
2
co
m
p
r
ess
o
r
7.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
A
n
o
v
el
tr
a
n
s
i
s
to
r
ized
8
x
8
m
u
ltip
lier
h
as
b
ee
n
e
x
h
ib
ited
f
o
r
f
ast
e
x
ec
u
tio
n
,
w
h
ic
h
u
ti
lizes
4
-
2
an
d
5
-
2
co
m
p
r
es
s
o
r
s
w
h
ich
ar
e
d
esi
g
n
ed
w
i
th
XOR
XNO
R
an
d
f
u
ll a
d
d
er
s
o
f
r
ap
id
an
d
lo
w
p
o
w
er
an
d
Mu
lt
ip
lex
er
.
W
e
h
av
e
co
n
clu
d
ed
th
at
5
-
2
co
m
p
r
es
s
o
r
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
b
etter
w
h
e
n
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
4
-
2
co
m
p
r
ess
o
r
an
d
w
i
th
o
u
t
co
m
p
r
es
s
o
r
tech
n
iq
u
e
w
h
i
le
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ti
n
g
d
ad
d
a
alg
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
m
u
ltip
lica
tio
n
.
T
h
e
P
o
w
e
r
co
n
s
u
m
ed
w
h
ile
u
s
i
n
g
5
-
2
co
m
p
r
ess
o
r
is
les
s
w
h
e
n
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
4
-
2
co
m
p
r
es
s
o
r
.
T
h
e
v
alu
es
ar
e
s
p
ec
i
f
ie
d
in
th
e
ab
o
v
e
tab
le.
T
h
is
co
m
p
r
ess
o
r
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
ca
n
b
e
p
r
ef
er
r
ed
f
o
r
lo
w
p
o
w
er
an
d
co
m
p
lex
elec
tr
o
n
i
c
cir
cu
it
s
.
T
h
e
8
x
8
m
u
ltip
lier
s
h
o
w
s
id
ea
l
s
p
ee
d
ex
ec
u
t
io
n
a
g
ai
n
s
t
e
s
s
e
n
tial
D
ad
d
a
m
u
ltip
lier
ac
t
u
alize
d
w
i
th
a
n
d
w
it
h
o
u
t
t
h
e
Co
m
p
r
ess
o
r
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
a
n
d
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
v
a
lu
e
s
a
r
e
s
p
ec
if
ied
in
t
h
e
ab
o
v
e
ta
b
le.
T
h
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
u
ltip
lier
u
s
es
a
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
g
r
o
u
p
w
it
h
f
o
r
eo
r
d
ain
ed
s
tag
e
s
t
atu
r
es
f
o
r
h
a
v
i
n
g
s
n
ap
p
y
r
es
u
lts
a
n
d
f
u
r
t
h
er
leas
t
p
o
w
er
d
elay
ite
m
(
P
DP
)
.
T
h
i
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
less
en
i
n
g
a
r
r
an
g
e
m
en
t
ca
n
li
k
e
w
is
e
b
e
co
n
n
ec
t
ed
to
h
ig
h
er
r
eq
u
es
t
Nx
N
m
u
ltip
lier
s
f
o
r
r
ap
id
r
esu
lts
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
S
a
n
jee
v
Ku
m
a
r,
M
a
n
o
j
Ku
ma
r 4
-
2
Co
mp
re
ss
o
r d
e
sig
n
wit
h
Ne
w
XOR
-
XNOR
M
o
d
u
le
,
4
t
h
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
a
n
d
C
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
,
p
p
.
1
0
6
-
1
1
1
,
2
0
1
4
.
[2
]
Z.
W
a
n
g
,
G
.
A
.
Ju
ll
ien
,
a
n
d
W
.
C.
M
il
ler,
A
n
e
w
d
e
sig
n
tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
f
o
r
c
o
lu
m
n
c
o
m
p
re
ss
io
n
m
u
lt
ip
li
e
rs
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
C
o
mp
u
ter
s
,
v
o
l.
4
4
,
p
p
.
9
6
2
-
9
7
0
.
A
u
g
1
9
9
5
.
[3
]
Ha
rik
ish
o
re
Ka
k
a
rl
a
,
M
a
d
h
a
v
i
L
a
th
a
M
a
n
d
Ha
b
ib
u
ll
a
Kh
a
n
,
“
T
ra
n
siti
o
n
Op
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
in
F
a
u
lt
F
re
e
M
e
m
o
r
y
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
Us
i
n
g
Bu
s
-
A
li
g
n
M
o
d
e
”
,
E
u
ro
p
e
a
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
c
ien
ti
fi
c
Res
e
a
rc
h
(
EJS
R
-
S
c
o
p
u
s)
,
V
o
l
.
1
1
2
,
No
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
3
7
-
2
4
5
,
I
S
S
N:
1
4
5
0
-
2
1
6
x
1
3
5
/1
4
5
0
-
2
0
2
x
,
Oc
to
b
e
r
2
0
1
3
(IF
-
0
.
7
3
6
).
[4
]
R.
Zi
m
m
e
r
m
a
n
n
a
n
d
W
.
F
ich
tn
e
r,
―L
o
w
-
p
o
w
e
r
lo
g
ic
st
y
l
e
s:
CM
OS
v
e
rsu
s
p
a
s
s
-
tran
sisto
r
lo
g
ic,
IEE
E
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
o
li
d
–
S
ta
te Ci
rc
u
it
s
,
v
o
l.
3
2
,
p
p
.
1
0
7
9
-
1
0
9
0
,
Ju
ly
1
9
9
7
.
[5
]
Ha
rik
ish
o
re
.
Ka
k
a
rla,
M
a
d
h
a
v
i
L
a
th
a
.
M
a
n
d
Ha
b
ib
u
ll
a
Kh
a
n
,
“
S
e
lf
Co
rre
c
ti
n
g
M
e
m
o
r
y
De
si
g
n
F
o
r
F
a
u
lt
F
re
e
Co
d
i
n
g
In
P
ro
g
re
ss
iv
e
Da
ta
S
trea
m
in
g
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
”
,
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
VL
S
I
d
e
sig
n
&
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
ms
(
VL
S
ICS
)
Vo
l
.
3
,
No
.
1
,
IS
S
N :
0
9
7
6
-
1
3
5
7
(On
li
n
e
)
;
0
9
7
6
-
1
5
2
7
(
p
rin
t)
,
F
e
b
ru
a
ry
2
0
1
2
.
[6
]
M
.
Zh
a
n
g
,
J.
G
u
,
a
n
d
C
.
H.
Ch
a
n
g
,
―
A
n
o
v
e
l
h
y
b
ri
d
p
a
ss
lo
g
ic
wit
h
sta
ti
c
CM
OS
o
u
tp
u
t
d
riv
e
fu
ll
-
a
d
d
e
r
c
e
ll
,
in
P
r
o
c
.
IEE
E
In
t.
S
y
m
p
.
Circu
it
s S
y
st.,
p
p
.
3
1
7
-
3
2
0
,
M
a
y
2
0
0
3
.
[7
]
M
.
S
h
a
m
s,
T
.
K.
D
a
r
w
ish
,
a
n
d
M
.
A
.
Ba
y
o
u
m
i,
―P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
a
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
lo
w
-
p
o
w
e
r
1
-
b
it
CM
OS
f
u
ll
a
d
d
e
r
c
e
ll
s,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
VL
S
I
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
1
0
,
p
p
.
2
0
–
2
9
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
0
2
.
[8
]
S
.
F
.
Hs
iao
,
M
.
R.
Jia
n
g
,
J.S
.
Ye
h
,
―De
sig
n
o
f
h
ig
h
lo
w
p
o
w
e
r
3
-
2
c
o
u
n
ter
a
n
d
4
-
2
c
o
m
p
re
ss
o
r
f
o
r
fa
st
m
u
lt
ip
li
e
rs,
El
e
c
tro
n
ic L
e
tt
e
rs,
Vo
l.
3
4
,
No
.
4
,
p
p
.
3
4
1
-
3
4
3
,
1
9
9
8
[9
]
A
.
Wein
b
e
rg
e
r,
―4
:2
Ca
rry
-
S
a
v
e
A
d
d
e
r
M
o
d
u
le,
IB
M
T
e
c
h
n
ica
l
Disc
lo
su
re
.
Bu
ll
e
t
in
,
Vo
l.
2
3
,
Ja
n
u
a
r
y
1
9
8
1
.
[1
0
]
S
.
V
e
e
ra
m
a
c
h
a
n
e
n
i,
K.
M
.
Krish
n
a
,
L
.
Av
in
a
sh
,
S
.
R.
P
u
p
p
a
la,
a
n
d
M
.
S
ri
n
iv
a
s,
―
No
v
e
l
a
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
s
fo
r
h
i
g
h
-
sp
e
e
d
a
n
d
l
o
w
-
p
o
we
r
3
-
2
,
4
-
2
a
n
d
5
-
2
c
o
m
p
re
ss
o
rs
,
in
V
L
S
I
De
sig
n
.
He
ld
j
o
in
t
ly
w
it
h
6
th
I
n
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
Em
b
e
d
d
e
d
S
y
ste
m
s,
2
0
t
h
I
n
tern
.
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
,
p
p
.
3
2
4
–
3
2
9
,
Ja
n
.
2
0
0
7
.
[1
1
]
4
-
2
C
o
m
p
re
ss
o
r
De
sig
n
w
it
h
Ne
w
X
OR
-
X
NO
R
M
o
d
u
le
i
n
i
n
t
e
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
jo
u
rn
a
l
o
f
e
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
u
ter
sc
ien
c
e
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
.
[1
2
]
Ko
rra
p
ro
l
u
Bra
h
m
a
Re
d
d
y
,
K
H
a
ri
Kish
o
re
,
“
A
M
ix
e
d
A
p
p
ro
a
c
h
f
o
r
P
o
w
e
r
Diss
ip
a
ti
o
n
Re
d
u
c
ti
o
n
in
Na
n
o
m
e
te
r
CM
OS
V
L
S
I
c
ircu
i
ts”
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Ap
p
li
e
d
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
Res
e
a
rc
h
(
IJ
AE
R
-
S
c
o
p
u
s),
I
S
S
N
0
9
7
3
-
4
5
6
2
V
o
l
u
m
e
9
,
Nu
m
b
e
r
1
8
,
p
p
.
5
1
4
1
-
5
1
4
8
,
J
u
ly
2
0
1
4
.
[1
3
]
Jo
rg
e
T
o
n
f
a
t,
Rica
rd
o
Re
is,
“
L
o
w
Po
we
r
3
-
2
a
n
d
4
-
2
A
d
d
e
r
Co
mp
re
ss
o
rs
Imp
lem
e
n
t
e
d
Us
in
g
A
S
T
RA
N
”
,
I
EE
E
T
h
ird
L
a
ti
n
Am
e
ric
a
n
S
y
m
p
o
siu
m
o
n
Circu
it
s an
d
S
y
ste
m
s (
LA
S
CA
S
),
F
e
b
.
2
9
,
2
0
1
2
-
M
a
rc
h
2
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
4
]
Ha
rik
ish
o
re
.
Ka
k
a
rla,
M
a
d
h
a
v
i
L
a
th
a
.
M
a
n
d
Ha
b
i
b
u
l
la
Kh
a
n
,
“
Op
ti
m
a
l
S
e
lf
Co
rre
c
ti
n
g
F
a
u
lt
F
r
e
e
Err
o
r
Co
d
in
g
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
In
M
e
m
o
r
y
Op
e
ra
ti
o
n
”
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
Of
C
o
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
I
n
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(
IJ
CS
IT
)
,
V
o
l.
3
,
No
.
3
,
I
S
S
N:
0
9
7
5
-
3
8
2
6
(o
n
li
n
e
);
0
9
7
5
-
4
6
6
0
(
P
ri
n
t
),
Ju
n
e
2
0
1
1
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.