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Rec
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h
ttp
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r
es.ia
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co
m
Cha
ra
cter
iza
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a
nd hierarchica
l s
tatic t
i
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ana
ly
sis
of
mixed
-
sig
na
l desi
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So
wm
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a
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.
B
.
,
T
ha
nu
s
hree
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.
De
p
a
rtme
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t
o
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e
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tro
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ics
a
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o
m
m
u
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ica
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n
g
i
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g
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Co
ll
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o
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En
g
i
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rin
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n
g
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u
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n
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ia
Art
icle
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nfo
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T
RAC
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r
ticle
his
to
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y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
J
u
n
2
,
2
0
20
R
ev
is
ed
Oct
1
,
2
0
20
Acc
ep
ted
J
a
n
1
0
,
2
0
21
As
th
e
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
g
r
o
ws
,
t
h
e
ten
d
e
n
c
y
to
i
n
c
re
a
se
th
e
d
a
ta
ra
te
a
lso
in
c
re
a
se
s.
Clo
c
k
s
wit
h
h
i
g
h
e
r
fre
q
u
e
n
c
ies
h
a
v
e
t
o
b
e
g
e
n
e
ra
ted
to
m
e
e
t
th
e
in
c
re
a
se
d
d
a
ta
ra
te.
A
n
y
m
ism
a
tch
b
e
twe
e
n
th
e
c
lo
c
k
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te
a
n
d
d
a
t
a
ra
te
will
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t
h
e
c
a
p
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t
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d
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t
a
.
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n
c
e
p
e
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o
rm
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g
ti
m
i
n
g
a
n
a
ly
sis
f
o
r
a
n
y
d
e
si
g
n
to
v
a
li
d
a
te
t
h
e
c
a
p
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f
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o
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c
t
d
a
ta
p
lay
s
a
m
a
jo
r
r
o
le
in
a
n
y
S
y
ste
m
on
c
h
i
p
.
T
h
is
p
a
p
e
r
e
x
p
lain
s
th
e
p
ro
c
e
d
u
re
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ll
o
we
d
t
o
p
e
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rm
ti
m
in
g
a
n
a
ly
sis f
o
r
a
n
y
m
ix
e
d
-
si
g
n
a
l
d
e
sig
n
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
HSTA
f
lo
w
On
-
ch
ip
v
a
r
iatio
n
Par
asit
ic
co
r
n
er
s
Static tim
in
g
an
aly
s
is
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
So
wm
y
a
K
.
B
.
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
E
lectr
o
n
ics an
d
C
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
E
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
R
V
C
o
lleg
e
o
f
E
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
B
en
g
alu
r
u
,
Kar
n
atak
a,
I
n
d
ia
E
m
ail: k
b
.
s
o
wm
y
a@
g
m
ail.
co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
Static
T
im
in
g
An
aly
s
is
(
STA)
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
av
ailab
le
to
v
er
if
y
th
e
tim
in
g
o
f
an
y
d
esig
n
.
An
alter
n
ativ
e
ap
p
r
o
a
ch
th
at
is
also
av
ailab
le
t
o
v
er
if
y
th
e
tim
in
g
is
th
e
tim
in
g
s
im
u
latio
n
wh
ich
ca
n
v
er
if
y
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
alo
n
g
with
tim
in
g
v
er
if
icatio
n
o
f
a
n
y
d
esig
n
.
STA
is
s
aid
to
b
e
s
tatic
s
in
ce
th
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
an
y
d
esig
n
is
s
tatically
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
an
d
d
o
e
s
n
o
t
r
ely
u
p
o
n
th
e
d
ata
v
alu
es
wh
ich
a
r
e
b
ein
g
ap
p
lied
at
th
e
in
p
u
t
p
in
s
.
T
h
is
co
n
tr
asts
with
s
im
u
latio
n
-
b
ased
tim
in
g
an
aly
s
is
wh
er
e
d
if
f
er
en
t p
atter
n
s
o
f
s
tim
u
lu
s
s
ig
n
al
ar
e
ap
p
li
ed
at
th
e
in
p
u
t a
n
d
th
en
th
e
r
e
s
u
ltin
g
b
eh
av
io
r
f
o
r
all
p
atter
n
s
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
an
d
v
e
r
if
ied
.
Giv
en
a
d
esig
n
with
th
e
d
ef
in
itio
n
o
f
t
h
e
ex
ter
n
al
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
an
d
a
s
et
o
f
in
p
u
t
cl
o
ck
d
ef
in
itio
n
s
,
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
s
tatic
tim
in
g
a
n
aly
s
is
is
to
v
er
if
y
a
n
d
v
alid
a
te
if
th
e
d
esig
n
is
ca
p
ab
le
to
o
p
er
ate
at
th
e
r
ated
s
p
ee
d
.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
u
n
d
e
r
an
aly
s
is
is
d
ef
in
ed
u
s
in
g
a
h
ar
d
war
e
d
escr
ip
tio
n
lan
g
u
ag
e
s
u
ch
as
Ver
ilo
g
o
r
VHDL
.
T
h
e
ex
ter
n
al
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
alo
n
g
with
th
e
clo
c
k
d
ef
in
itio
n
s
ar
e
d
ef
in
ed
u
s
in
g
d
esig
n
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
(
SDC
)
o
r
an
eq
u
iv
alen
t
f
o
r
m
a
t.
T
h
e
tim
in
g
r
ep
o
r
ts
ar
e
in
ASC
I
I
f
o
r
m
with
m
u
l
tip
le
co
lu
m
n
s
.
E
ac
h
co
lu
m
n
s
h
o
ws o
n
e
attr
ib
u
te
o
f
th
e
p
ath
d
elay
[
1
,
2
]
.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
d
its
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
ca
n
b
e
lim
ite
d
b
y
th
e
n
o
is
e
in
m
ix
ed
-
s
ig
n
al
d
esig
n
s
.
T
h
e
n
o
is
e
o
cc
u
r
s
d
u
e
to
m
a
n
y
r
ea
s
o
n
s
lik
e
n
o
is
e
o
n
p
r
im
ar
y
in
p
u
ts
o
r
p
o
wer
s
u
p
p
lies
o
r
d
u
e
to
cr
o
s
s
talk
with
o
th
er
s
ig
n
als.
T
h
e
n
o
is
e
ca
n
li
m
it th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
o
f
th
e
d
esig
n
an
d
ca
n
also
ca
u
s
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
f
ailu
r
es.
T
h
u
s
,
a
d
esig
n
im
p
lem
en
ted
m
u
s
t
b
e
v
er
if
ied
to
b
e
r
o
b
u
s
t
wh
ich
m
ea
n
s
th
at
it
s
h
o
u
ld
h
a
v
e
th
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
to
with
s
tan
d
n
o
is
e
with
o
u
t
af
f
ec
tin
g
th
e
d
esig
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
Ver
if
icatio
n
b
ased
u
p
o
n
lo
g
ic
s
im
u
latio
n
ca
n
n
o
t
h
an
d
le
th
e
e
f
f
ec
ts
o
f
n
o
is
e,
o
n
-
ch
ip
v
a
r
iatio
n
s
,
an
d
c
r
o
s
s
talk
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Reco
n
f
ig
u
r
a
b
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2089
-
4
8
6
4
C
h
a
r
a
cteriz
a
tio
n
a
n
d
h
iera
r
ch
ica
l sta
tic
timin
g
a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f m
ixed
-
s
ig
n
a
l d
esig
n
(
S
o
w
mya
K
.
B
.
)
19
2.
ON
-
CH
I
P
VARIA
T
I
O
N
Dif
f
er
en
t
p
o
r
tio
n
s
o
n
a
ch
ip
h
av
e
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
PVT
co
n
d
itio
n
s
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
e
v
ar
i
at
io
n
s
in
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
a
n
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
p
ar
am
eter
s
.
T
h
ese
v
ar
iatio
n
s
lead
t
o
v
io
latio
n
in
tim
in
g
;
ch
an
g
es
in
MO
S
ch
ar
ac
ter
izatio
n
ca
n
af
f
ec
t
wir
e
an
d
ce
ll
d
elay
s
.
T
o
ac
c
o
u
n
t
f
o
r
t
h
ese
PVT
v
a
r
iatio
n
s
,
OC
V
an
aly
s
is
m
u
s
t
b
e
d
o
n
e
d
u
r
in
g
STA.
Sin
ce
d
ata
an
d
clo
ck
p
at
h
s
m
ay
b
e
a
f
f
ec
ted
d
if
f
er
e
n
tly
b
y
on
-
ch
i
p
v
ar
iatio
n
,
tim
in
g
v
er
if
icatio
n
ca
n
m
o
d
el
th
is
v
ar
iatio
n
ef
f
ec
t
b
y
m
ak
in
g
PV
T
co
n
d
itio
n
s
f
o
r
ca
p
tu
r
e
an
d
lau
n
ch
p
ath
s
to
b
e
d
if
f
er
en
t.
I
n
STA
th
ese
v
ar
iatio
n
s
ca
n
b
e
m
o
d
eled
b
y
d
er
at
in
g
th
e
d
elay
s
o
f
p
ath
s
eith
er
m
a
k
in
g
it
f
aster
o
r
s
lo
wer
as p
er
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
t.
Net
an
d
ce
ll d
elay
ca
n
b
e
d
er
ated
wh
ile
m
o
d
elin
g
OC
V
[
3
-
5
]
.
2
.
1
.
Der
a
t
ing
O
CV
f
o
r
s
et
u
p c
heck
T
h
e
wo
r
s
t
co
n
d
itio
n
p
o
s
s
ib
le
f
o
r
s
etu
p
v
io
latio
n
d
u
e
to
OC
V
o
cc
u
r
s
wh
en
lau
n
ch
in
g
clo
c
k
p
ath
an
d
d
ata
p
ath
OC
V
lead
s
to
th
e
lo
n
g
est
d
elay
wh
ile
th
e
ca
p
tu
r
in
g
clo
ck
p
ath
h
as
OC
V
co
n
d
itio
n
s
wh
ich
lead
to
th
e
s
h
o
r
test
d
ela
y
[
6
-
8
]
.
T
h
is
co
n
d
itio
n
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
r
estrictiv
e
ca
s
e
f
o
r
s
etu
p
ch
ec
k
wh
ic
h
is
also
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Der
atin
g
on
-
ch
ip
v
ar
iatio
n
f
o
r
s
etu
p
ch
ec
k
[
8
]
T
o
ac
co
u
n
t
f
o
r
th
ese
v
io
la
tio
n
s
,
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
co
n
s
tr
a
in
ts
ar
e
p
r
o
v
i
d
ed
wh
ich
w
ill
d
er
ate
ea
r
ly
/m
in
im
u
m
p
ath
s
b
y
-
1
0
%
i.e
th
e
p
ath
is
m
ad
e
m
o
r
e
f
aster
an
d
will
d
er
ate
late/m
ax
im
u
m
-
p
ath
s
b
y
+1
0
%
i.e
.
,
th
e
p
ath
is
d
ela
y
ed
m
o
r
e.
s
et
-
tim
in
g
-
d
er
ate
-
ea
r
l
y
0
.
9
s
et
-
tim
in
g
-
d
e
r
ate
-
late
1
.
1
.
T
o
av
o
id
s
etu
p
v
io
latio
n
th
e
d
ata
p
at
h
h
as
t
o
b
e
m
u
ltip
li
ed
with
late
d
er
ate
(
d
elay
ed
m
o
r
e)
a
n
d
ca
p
tu
r
e
p
at
h
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
m
u
lti
p
lied
with
ea
r
ly
d
er
ate
(
m
ad
e
f
aster
)
.
Net
an
d
ce
ll
d
elay
s
ca
n
also
b
e
d
er
ated
u
s
in
g
-
n
et
-
d
elay
an
d
-
ce
ll
-
d
el
ay
with
s
et
-
tim
in
g
-
d
er
ate.
2
.
2
.
Der
a
t
ing
O
CV
f
o
r
ho
ld
chec
k
T
h
e
wo
r
s
t
co
n
d
itio
n
p
o
s
s
ib
le
f
o
r
h
o
ld
v
io
latio
n
d
u
e
to
OC
V
o
cc
u
r
s
wh
en
lau
n
c
h
in
g
cl
o
ck
p
ath
a
n
d
d
ata
p
ath
OC
V
lead
s
to
th
e
s
h
o
r
test
d
elay
w
h
ile
th
e
ca
p
tu
r
i
n
g
clo
c
k
p
ath
h
as
OC
V
co
n
d
i
tio
n
s
wh
ich
lead
to
th
e
lo
n
g
est d
elay
.
T
h
is
co
n
d
itio
n
is
th
e
m
o
s
t r
estrict
iv
e
ca
s
e
f
o
r
h
o
ld
ch
ec
k
wh
ich
is
also
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Der
atin
g
on
-
ch
ip
v
ar
iatio
n
f
o
r
h
o
ld
c
h
ec
k
[
9
]
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
20
89
-
4
8
6
4
I
n
t J
R
ec
o
n
f
ig
u
r
a
b
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
c
h
202
1
:
18
–
24
20
T
o
ac
co
u
n
t
f
o
r
th
ese
v
io
la
tio
n
s
,
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
co
n
s
tr
a
in
ts
ar
e
p
r
o
v
i
d
ed
wh
ich
w
ill
d
er
ate
ea
r
ly
/m
in
im
u
m
p
at
h
s
b
y
-
1
0
%
i.e
.
,
th
e
p
ath
is
m
ad
e
m
o
r
e
f
aster
an
d
will
d
er
ate
late/m
ax
im
u
m
-
p
ath
s
b
y
+1
0
%
i.e
th
e
p
ath
is
d
elay
ed
m
o
r
e.
s
et
-
tim
in
g
-
d
er
ate
-
ea
r
l
y
0
.
9
s
et
-
tim
in
g
-
d
e
r
ate
-
late
1
.
1
.
T
o
av
o
i
d
h
o
l
d
v
io
latio
n
t
h
e
d
ata
p
at
h
h
as
t
o
b
e
m
u
ltip
lied
with
ea
r
ly
d
er
ate
(
m
a
d
e
f
aster
)
an
d
ca
p
t
u
r
e
p
at
h
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
m
u
ltip
lied
with
late
d
er
ate
(
d
e
lay
ed
m
o
r
e
)
.
2
.
3
.
Adv
a
nced
o
n
-
chip v
a
ria
t
io
n
T
h
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
OC
V
m
o
d
elin
g
was
b
ased
o
n
f
i
x
ed
d
e
r
atin
g
f
ac
to
r
.
T
h
is
is
a
k
in
d
o
f
p
ess
im
is
m
.
T
h
is
ca
n
'
t
b
e
ap
p
lied
all
th
e
tim
e.
T
o
o
v
er
co
m
e
th
is
th
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
Ad
v
an
ce
d
On
-
C
h
ip
Var
iatio
n
(
AOCV)
is
u
s
ed
.
I
n
AOCV,
th
e
d
er
atin
g
f
ac
t
o
r
is
n
'
t
f
ix
ed
wh
er
ea
s
it
is
b
ased
o
n
th
e
d
e
p
th
an
d
lo
ca
tio
n
o
f
l
o
g
ic.
AOCV
d
if
f
e
r
s
f
r
o
m
OC
V
wh
er
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
d
er
ate
v
alu
es c
an
b
e
g
iv
en
f
o
r
th
e
ce
lls
.
a)
Dis
tan
ce
-
b
ased
AOCV:
T
h
is
is
u
s
ed
in
m
o
d
elin
g
g
l
o
b
al
v
ar
iatio
n
ef
f
ec
ts
.
Dif
f
er
en
t
p
ar
ts
will
h
av
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
v
a
r
iatio
n
s
.
So
as
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
in
cr
ea
s
es
v
ar
iatio
n
s
also
in
cr
ea
s
es
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
wh
ich
d
er
ate
v
alu
e
is
d
ec
id
ed
.
b)
Dep
th
b
ased
AOCV:
T
h
is
is
u
s
ed
in
m
o
d
elin
g
lo
ca
l
v
ar
iatio
n
ef
f
ec
ts
.
T
h
ese
v
ar
iatio
n
s
ca
n
ce
l
o
u
t
as
t
h
e
d
is
tan
ce
in
cr
ea
s
es.
So
as d
ep
th
in
cr
ea
s
es th
e
d
er
ate
v
alu
e
d
e
cr
ea
s
es [
1
0
]
.
3.
P
ARASI
T
I
C
CO
R
NE
R
S
I
n
T
im
in
g
an
al
y
s
is
h
as
to
b
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
at
v
a
r
io
u
s
co
r
n
er
s
th
u
s
p
ar
asit
ic
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
is
d
o
n
e
at
d
if
f
er
en
t
co
r
n
er
s
.
I
n
ter
co
n
n
ec
t
wir
es
in
an
y
d
esig
n
f
o
r
m
t
wo
im
p
o
r
tan
t
d
ev
ices
in
an
y
cir
cu
it
wh
ich
ar
e
r
esis
to
r
s
an
d
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
.
T
h
is
i
s
b
ec
au
s
e
all
th
e
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
t
wir
es a
r
e
m
o
d
eled
v
er
y
n
ea
r
er
to
ea
ch
o
t
h
er
[
1
1
]
.
3
.
1
.
Ca
pa
ci
t
a
nce
o
f
inte
rc
o
nn
ec
t
wire
On
e
o
f
th
e
d
e
v
ices
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
t
wir
e
is
a
ca
p
ac
it
o
r
.
C
ap
ac
itan
ce
is
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
t
o
n
v
ar
io
u
s
p
ar
am
eter
s
s
u
ch
as
Dielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t,
W
id
th
o
f
Me
tal
(
W
)
,
T
h
ick
n
ess
o
f
Me
tal
(
T
)
Sp
ac
in
g
b
etwe
en
th
e
m
etals (
S)
an
d
T
h
ick
n
ess
o
f
Dielec
tr
ic
(
H)
As th
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
v
alu
e
d
ec
r
e
ases
th
ese
p
ar
am
eter
s
also
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
an
d
th
e
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
v
ar
ies b
as
ed
o
n
t
h
at
[
1
2
]
.
3
.
2
.
Resis
t
a
nce
o
f
inte
rc
o
nn
ec
t
wire
All
m
ater
ials
ar
e
ass
o
ciate
d
with
r
esis
tiv
ity
.
C
o
n
d
u
cto
r
s
h
av
e
l
o
wer
r
esis
tiv
ity
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
s
em
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
s
a
n
d
in
s
u
lato
r
s
.
R
esis
tiv
i
ty
v
ar
ies
b
ased
o
n
T
em
p
er
atu
r
e
an
d
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
m
ater
ial.
R
esis
tan
ce
p
er
u
n
it
len
g
t
h
is
g
iv
en
b
y
ρ
/
[
(
T
h
ick
n
ess
o
f
m
etal)
*
(
W
id
th
o
f
m
etal)
]
.
Fo
r
a
m
at
er
ial
at
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
as
th
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
th
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
s
u
ch
as
wid
th
an
d
th
ick
n
ess
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
an
d
h
en
ce
r
esis
tan
ce
in
cr
ea
s
es
wh
ich
is
n
o
t d
esire
d
.
B
ec
au
s
e
cir
cu
it d
el
ay
is
d
ir
ec
tly
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
to
r
esis
tan
ce
an
d
if
th
e
d
elay
v
alu
e
is
h
ig
h
th
en
it’s im
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
d
esig
n
a
h
ig
h
-
s
p
ee
d
cir
cu
it [
1
3
-
1
6
]
.
Hen
ce
to
r
ed
u
ce
r
esis
tan
ce
,
r
esis
tiv
ity
ca
n
b
e
m
ad
e
lo
w
b
y
u
s
in
g
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
m
ater
ials
with
less
er
r
esis
tiv
ity
v
alu
e.
I
n
ter
co
n
n
ec
t
p
ar
am
eter
s
also
d
e
p
en
d
o
n
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
d
r
iv
e
r
s
co
n
n
ec
te
d
an
d
th
e
len
g
t
h
o
f
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
t w
ir
e.
Hig
h
f
an
o
u
t
in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
d
r
iv
er
ca
n
d
r
iv
e
m
o
r
e
l
o
ad
an
d
h
en
ce
d
r
iv
er
r
esis
tan
ce
is
les
s
(
m
o
r
e
cu
r
r
en
t
to
d
r
iv
e
m
o
r
e
l
o
ad
)
wh
er
ea
s
lo
w
f
a
n
o
u
t
in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
d
r
iv
er
r
esis
tan
ce
is
h
ig
h
.
T
h
er
e
m
a
y
b
e
4
ca
s
es b
ased
o
n
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
t le
n
g
th
an
d
f
an
o
u
t o
f
th
e
d
r
iv
er
as g
iv
en
i
n
T
ab
le
1
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Dif
f
e
r
en
t c
ases
f
o
r
in
t
er
co
n
n
ec
t
p
ar
am
eter
s
D
r
i
v
e
r
F
a
n
o
u
t
I
n
t
e
r
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
w
i
r
e
l
e
n
g
t
h
H
i
g
h
S
h
o
r
t
Lo
w
S
h
o
r
t
H
i
g
h
Lo
n
g
Lo
w
Lo
n
g
Am
o
n
g
th
e
a
b
o
v
e
ca
s
es
o
n
ly
2
nd
an
d
3
rd
ca
s
es
ar
e
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t,
b
ec
a
u
s
e
in
th
e
1
st
ca
s
e
r
es
o
u
r
ce
s
ar
e
n
o
t
u
tili
ze
d
p
r
o
p
er
l
y
an
d
i
n
th
e
4
th
e
cir
cu
it
d
o
esn
’
t
wo
r
k
p
r
o
p
er
ly
.
T
h
e
d
r
iv
er
lac
k
s
in
its
d
r
iv
in
g
ca
p
a
b
ilit
y
till
th
e
en
d
o
f
th
e
n
ets.
L
et
R
d
an
d
R
w
b
e
th
e
d
r
iv
er
a
n
d
wir
e
r
esis
tan
ce
.
I
n
th
e
2
nd
ca
s
e,
R
d
is
g
r
ea
ter
th
an
R
w
wh
er
ea
s
i
n
3
rd
ca
s
e
R
w
is
g
r
ea
ter
th
an
R
d
.
Hen
ce
in
2
nd
ca
s
e
Dr
iv
er
r
esis
tan
ce
i
s
d
o
m
in
an
t
an
d
in
3
rd
I
n
ter
co
n
n
ec
t
r
esis
tan
ce
is
d
o
m
in
an
t.
Dr
iv
er
r
esis
tan
ce
d
o
m
in
ated
p
ath
s
m
ea
n
I
n
ter
c
o
n
n
ec
t
r
esis
tan
ce
is
les
s
wh
ich
also
m
ea
n
s
I
n
ter
co
n
n
e
ct
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
is
lar
g
e.
I
n
te
r
m
s
o
f
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
it
is
I
n
ter
c
o
n
n
ec
t
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
d
o
m
in
ated
p
at
h
s
an
d
th
e
o
th
er
is
I
n
ter
co
n
n
ec
t
r
esis
tan
ce
d
o
m
in
ated
p
at
h
.
B
ased
o
n
th
ese
th
er
e
ar
e
two
co
r
n
er
s
d
ef
in
e
d
wh
ich
ar
e:
C
-
b
est
k
n
o
wn
as
C
m
in
(
m
in
im
u
m
C
,
m
ax
im
u
m
R
)
an
d
C
-
wo
r
s
t
k
n
o
wn
as
C
m
a
x
(
m
ax
im
u
m
C
,
m
i
n
im
u
m
R
)
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
o
th
er
co
r
n
er
s
to
o
wh
i
ch
ar
e
R
C
b
est,
R
C
wo
r
s
t a
n
d
ty
p
ical.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Reco
n
f
ig
u
r
a
b
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2089
-
4
8
6
4
C
h
a
r
a
cteriz
a
tio
n
a
n
d
h
iera
r
ch
ica
l sta
tic
timin
g
a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f m
ixed
-
s
ig
n
a
l d
esig
n
(
S
o
w
mya
K
.
B
.
)
21
a)
C
b
est:
T
h
is
r
ef
er
s
to
co
r
n
er
s
with
m
in
im
u
m
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
h
en
ce
k
n
o
w
n
as
C
m
in
co
r
n
er
.
I
n
ter
co
n
n
ec
t
r
esis
tan
ce
v
alu
e
is
h
ig
h
e
r
th
a
n
th
e
T
y
p
ical
co
r
n
er
.
T
h
is
co
r
n
er
r
esu
lts
in
th
e
s
h
o
r
test
d
elay
f
o
r
p
ath
s
with
s
h
o
r
t n
ets an
d
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
m
i
n
p
ath
an
aly
s
is
[
1
7
-
2
0
]
.
b)
C
w
o
r
s
t:
T
h
is
co
r
n
er
r
ef
er
s
to
th
o
s
e
wh
ich
h
as
m
ax
im
u
m
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
.
Hen
ce
k
n
o
wn
as
C
m
ax
co
r
n
e
r
.
I
n
ter
co
n
n
ec
t
r
esis
tan
ce
is
s
m
aller
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
T
y
p
ical
co
r
n
er
.
T
h
is
co
r
n
e
r
r
esu
lts
in
th
e
lar
g
est
p
ath
s
with
s
h
o
r
t n
ets an
d
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
m
ax
p
ath
an
aly
s
is
.
c)
RC
b
est:
T
h
is
co
r
n
e
r
r
ef
er
s
to
th
o
s
e
wh
ich
m
in
im
ize
i
n
ter
co
n
n
ec
t
R
C
p
r
o
d
u
ct
h
en
ce
k
n
o
w
n
as
R
C
m
in
co
r
n
er
.
T
h
is
co
r
n
er
h
as
th
e
s
h
o
r
test
p
ath
d
elay
f
o
r
p
ath
s
wi
th
lo
n
g
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
ts
an
d
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
m
i
n
p
ath
an
aly
s
is
.
d)
R
C
w
o
r
s
t:
T
h
is
co
r
n
er
r
ef
er
s
to
th
o
s
e
wh
ich
m
ax
im
ize
th
e
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
t
R
C
p
r
o
d
u
ct.
Hen
c
e
also
k
n
o
wn
as R
C
m
ax
co
r
n
er
.
T
h
is
co
r
n
er
h
as th
e
h
ig
h
est p
ath
d
elay
v
alu
e
f
o
r
p
ath
s
with
lo
n
g
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
ts
an
d
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
m
ax
p
at
h
an
aly
s
is
.
e)
Typ
ica
l:
T
h
is
co
r
n
er
r
ef
er
s
t
o
th
e
n
o
m
in
al
v
alu
e
o
f
i
n
ter
co
n
n
ec
t
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
an
d
r
esis
tan
ce
.
T
im
in
g
an
aly
s
is
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
at
ea
c
h
d
if
f
er
en
t c
o
r
n
er
an
d
v
io
latio
n
s
ar
e
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
an
d
co
r
r
ec
ted
ac
co
r
d
in
g
l
y
.
4.
H
ST
A
F
L
O
W
Static
T
im
in
g
An
aly
s
is
o
f
an
y
m
ix
ed
-
s
ig
n
al
d
esig
n
is
ca
r
r
ie
d
o
u
t
u
s
in
g
HSTA
f
lo
w
wh
ic
h
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
HSTA
f
lo
w
T
h
e
d
esig
n
is
p
ar
titi
o
n
ed
h
ier
ar
ch
ically
an
d
d
ec
is
io
n
o
n
w
h
ich
ce
lls
s
h
o
u
ld
u
n
d
e
r
g
o
.
lib
an
d
QT
M
g
en
er
atio
n
is
m
ad
e.
Par
asit
ic
ar
e
also
ex
tr
ac
ted
at
f
ew
co
r
n
er
s
.
W
ith
all
o
f
th
e
ab
o
v
e
d
ata
alo
n
g
with
th
e
n
etlis
ts
o
f
to
p
-
lev
el
ce
ll
an
d
t
h
e
ce
lls
f
o
r
wh
ich
p
ar
asit
ic
ar
e
ex
tr
ac
ted
,
s
tatic
T
im
in
g
a
n
a
ly
s
is
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
u
s
in
g
eith
er
Sy
n
o
p
s
y
s
Prim
e
T
im
e
o
r
Nan
o
tim
e
[
2
1
-
2
3
]
.
4
.
1
.
G
ener
a
t
io
n o
f
.
lib
s
C
h
ar
ac
ter
izatio
n
o
f
l
o
wer
-
lev
el
ce
lls
is
d
o
n
e
u
s
in
g
Sil
ico
n
Sm
ar
t.
T
h
e
g
en
e
r
ate
d
.
lib
s
h
as
all
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
tim
in
g
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
.
L
I
B
S
g
en
er
ated
f
o
r
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
ce
ll
cDq
Om
u
x
.
T
h
e
ce
ll
is
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
at
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
co
r
n
e
r
s
an
d
th
e
v
ar
i
o
u
s
p
ar
am
eter
s
ca
n
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
.
T
h
e
.
lib
co
n
tain
s
a
d
escr
ip
ti
o
n
o
f
ea
ch
p
in
an
d
p
o
wer
s
u
p
p
lies
u
s
e
d.
4
.
2
.
G
ener
a
t
io
n o
f
Q
T
M
lib
s
L
ib
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
f
o
r
an
alo
g
ce
ll
s
f
o
llo
ws
a
s
ep
ar
ate
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e.
C
h
ar
ac
ter
izatio
n
o
f
s
u
ch
ce
lls
is
d
o
n
e
u
s
in
g
th
e
Qu
ick
T
im
in
g
Mo
d
el.
Prim
eT
im
e
h
elp
s
in
g
en
er
a
tin
g
QT
M
lib
s
f
o
r
An
alo
g
b
lo
ck
s
.
T
h
e
QT
M
lib
s
g
en
er
ated
f
o
r
an
al
o
g
b
lo
ck
is
as
s
h
o
wn
in
L
is
tin
g
.
3
.
f
o
r
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
ce
lls
cZ
QC
al.
QT
Ms
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
d
u
m
m
y
.
lib
s
as
th
ey
d
o
n
o
t
h
a
v
e
an
y
tim
in
g
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
T
h
ey
o
n
ly
co
n
tain
th
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
o
f
ea
ch
p
i
n
o
f
a
ce
ll
with
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
at
ea
ch
p
i
n
a
s
s
h
o
wn
in
L
is
tin
g
1
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
20
89
-
4
8
6
4
I
n
t J
R
ec
o
n
f
ig
u
r
a
b
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
c
h
202
1
:
18
–
24
22
L
is
tin
g
1
.
QT
M
lib
o
f
cZ
QC
al
ce
ll
W
ith
all
th
e
.
lib
s
an
d
QT
M
li
b
s
g
en
er
ated
f
o
r
lo
wer
-
lev
el
ce
lls
in
p
r
io
r
,
tim
in
g
a
n
aly
s
is
at
th
e
to
p
lev
el
tak
es
less
tim
e.
All
th
e
n
etlis
ts
,
p
ar
asit
ic
s
an
d
.
lib
s
ar
e
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
as
in
p
u
ts
f
o
r
eith
e
r
Prim
eT
im
e
o
r
Na
n
o
tim
e
to
ca
r
r
y
tim
in
g
an
aly
s
is
[
2
4
,
2
5
]
.
4
.
3
.
Ana
ly
s
is
co
v
er
a
g
e
An
aly
s
is
co
v
er
ag
e
o
f
an
y
d
esig
n
o
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
in
g
tim
in
g
a
n
aly
s
is
lo
o
k
s
lik
e
as sh
o
wn
in
L
is
tin
g
2
.
L
is
tin
g
2
.
An
aly
s
is
co
v
er
ag
e
r
ep
o
r
t
I
t
ca
n
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
2
%
o
f
th
e
p
ath
s
ar
e
v
io
lated
d
u
e
t
o
s
etu
p
ch
ec
k
an
d
3
%
o
f
th
e
p
ath
s
a
r
e
v
io
lated
d
u
e
to
h
o
ld
c
h
ec
k
an
d
s
im
ilar
ly
4
%
o
f
th
e
p
ath
s
ar
e
u
n
test
ed
d
u
e
to
s
etu
p
an
d
h
o
ld
ch
ec
k
.
All
th
ese
v
io
latio
n
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
co
r
r
ec
ted
in
-
o
r
d
e
r
to
ca
p
t
u
r
e
co
r
r
ec
t d
at
a.
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
Hier
ar
ch
ical
Static
T
im
in
g
An
aly
s
is
f
lo
w
h
as
h
elp
ed
in
an
al
y
zin
g
v
io
latio
n
s
at
ea
ch
lo
wer
lev
el
an
d
h
as
h
elp
ed
in
a
g
r
ea
t
r
e
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
an
aly
s
is
tim
e.
T
h
e
d
iv
is
io
n
o
f
en
tire
d
esig
n
t
o
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
lev
els
an
d
p
ar
asit
ic
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
s
ep
ar
ately
f
o
r
s
u
ch
lev
els
s
k
ip
p
in
g
QT
M
an
d
.
li
b
ce
lls
f
o
r
wh
ich
tim
in
g
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
is
alr
ea
d
y
av
ailab
le
r
ed
u
c
es
th
e
ex
ec
u
tio
n
tim
e
to
a
g
r
ea
t
ex
ten
t.
Fr
o
m
th
e
tim
in
g
r
ep
o
r
ts
o
b
tain
e
d
,
t
h
e
v
io
latio
n
p
ath
s
ca
n
b
e
ea
s
ily
id
en
tifie
d
wh
i
ch
will
u
s
u
ally
b
e
a
r
eg
is
ter
to
r
e
g
is
ter
p
ath
.
T
h
e
s
lack
v
alu
e
in
d
icate
s
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
b
etwe
en
th
e
d
ata
a
r
r
iv
al
tim
e
an
d
th
e
tim
e
wh
ic
h
was
ex
p
ec
ted
f
o
r
th
e
d
ata
t
o
r
ea
ch
th
e
in
p
u
t
o
f
th
e
r
eg
is
ter
.
T
h
is
v
alu
e
in
d
ic
ates
th
e
ex
ten
t
o
f
t
h
e
v
io
latio
n
an
d
will
b
e
u
s
u
ally
in
n
an
o
s
ec
o
n
d
s
.
B
ased
o
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Reco
n
f
ig
u
r
a
b
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2089
-
4
8
6
4
C
h
a
r
a
cteriz
a
tio
n
a
n
d
h
iera
r
ch
ica
l sta
tic
timin
g
a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f m
ixed
-
s
ig
n
a
l d
esig
n
(
S
o
w
mya
K
.
B
.
)
23
wh
eth
er
it
is
s
etu
p
v
io
latio
n
o
r
h
o
l
d
v
i
o
latio
n
b
u
f
f
e
r
ce
lls
w
h
o
s
e
ce
ll
d
elay
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
th
e
s
lack
v
alu
e
is
ad
d
ed
eith
er
in
th
e
d
ata
p
ath
o
r
in
a
clo
ck
p
ath
.
Fro
m
th
is
th
e
d
ata
is
ex
ac
tly
s
am
p
led
at
eit
h
er
r
is
in
g
o
r
f
allin
g
ed
g
e
o
f
clo
ck
b
ased
o
n
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
ed
g
e
tr
ig
g
er
in
g
.
All
th
e
d
ata
is
p
r
o
p
er
ly
wr
itten
o
r
r
ea
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
m
em
o
r
y
with
o
u
t a
n
y
l
o
s
s
o
f
d
ata.
T
h
u
s
,
tim
in
g
an
aly
s
is
p
lay
s
a
k
e
y
r
o
le
in
an
y
VL
SI
d
esig
n
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
Y.
S
h
im
a
n
d
D.
Oh
,
“
Im
p
a
c
t
o
f
d
y
n
a
m
ic
p
o
we
r
su
p
p
l
y
n
o
ise
in
d
u
c
e
d
b
y
c
lo
c
k
n
e
two
r
k
s
o
n
c
l
o
c
k
ji
t
ter
a
n
d
ti
m
in
g
m
a
rg
in
,
”
i
n
2
0
1
6
IEE
E
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
S
y
mp
o
si
u
m
o
n
El
e
c
tro
ma
g
n
e
ti
c
Co
mp
a
ti
b
il
it
y
(EM
C)
,
Otta
wa
,
p
p
.
6
2
-
66
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
]
K.
B.
S
o
wm
y
a
,
Jo
se
Ale
x
M
a
t
h
e
w,
“
Disc
re
te
w
a
v
e
let
tran
sfo
rm
b
a
se
d
o
n
c
o
e
x
ten
si
v
e
d
istri
b
u
ti
v
e
c
o
m
p
u
tati
o
n
o
n
F
P
G
A
,
”
M
a
ter
ia
ls T
o
d
a
y
:
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
,
v
o
l
.
5
,
n
o
.
4
,
P
a
rt
3
,
p
p
.
1
0
8
6
0
-
1
0
8
6
6
,
2
0
1
8
.
[3
]
S
o
wm
y
a
K.B.
,
M
a
th
e
w
J.A,
“
A
d
e
p
t
-
d
isse
m
in
a
ted
a
rit
h
m
e
ti
c
-
b
a
se
d
d
isc
re
te
c
o
sin
e
tran
sf
o
rm
,”
In
:
Ab
ra
h
a
m
A.
,
Du
tt
a
P
.
,
M
a
n
d
a
l
J.,
Bh
a
tt
a
c
h
a
r
y
a
A.,
Du
tt
a
S
.
(e
d
s)
Eme
rg
i
n
g
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
i
n
D
a
ta
M
in
i
n
g
a
n
d
I
n
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
S
e
c
u
rity
,
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
s in
I
n
telli
g
e
n
t
S
y
ste
m
s a
n
d
C
o
m
p
u
t
in
g
,
v
o
l
.
7
5
5
.
S
p
ri
n
g
e
r,
S
i
n
g
a
p
o
re
,
2
0
1
9
.
[4
]
L.
Th
o
m
a
s
a
n
d
V.
Kira
n
,
“
Ti
m
i
n
g
c
o
n
v
e
rg
e
n
c
e
tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
in
d
i
g
it
a
l
VLS
I
d
e
sig
n
s,
”
in
2
0
1
7
IE
EE
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Po
we
r,
C
o
n
tro
l,
S
i
g
n
a
ls a
n
d
I
n
stru
me
n
t
a
ti
o
n
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(ICPC
S
I)
,
C
h
e
n
n
a
i,
p
p
.
2
8
8
2
-
2
8
8
6
,
2
0
1
7
.
[5
]
H.
Kw
o
n
a
n
d
Y.
H.
Kim
,
“
Ca
lcu
latin
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
a
b
i
li
ty
o
f
ti
m
in
g
v
i
o
latio
n
o
f
F
/
F
-
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
d
p
a
t
h
s
with
ti
m
in
g
v
a
riatio
n
s,
”
2
0
1
6
IEE
E
Asia
Pa
c
i
fi
c
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Circ
u
i
ts a
n
d
S
y
st
e
ms
(AP
CCAS
)J
e
ju
,
p
p
.
5
1
4
-
5
1
7
,
2
0
1
6
.
[6
]
“
Ti
p
s
a
n
d
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
o
n
h
o
w
t
o
e
n
su
re
h
ig
h
q
u
a
li
ty
o
f
re
su
lt
s
i
n
sta
ti
c
ti
m
in
g
a
n
a
l
y
sis
,
”
L
o
n
d
o
n
J
in
T
o
sh
i
b
a
Ame
ric
a
El
e
c
tro
n
ic Co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts,
In
c
.
,
S
NU
G
S
a
n
Jo
se
2
0
0
0
.
[7
]
“
AN
5
5
4
:
Ho
w t
o
Re
a
d
Ha
rd
C
o
p
y
P
rime
Ti
m
e
Ti
m
in
g
Re
p
o
rts,
”
A
LT
ERA
,
M
a
r
.
2
0
1
0
.
[8
]
“
S
y
n
o
p
sy
s,
S
il
ic
o
n
S
m
a
rt
ACE
Us
e
r
G
u
id
e
,
”
Ve
rsio
n
L
-
2
0
1
6
.
0
6
-
S
P
1
,
S
e
p
.
2
0
1
6
.
[9
]
“
S
y
n
o
p
sy
s,
P
rime
Ti
m
e
Us
e
r
G
u
id
e
,
”
Ve
rsio
n
O
-
2
0
1
8
.
0
6
-
S
P
4
,
De
c
.
2
0
1
8
.
[1
0
]
Li
ly
A
g
g
a
rwa
l,
“
S
tatic
ti
m
in
g
a
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
c
u
sto
m
m
ix
e
d
-
sig
n
a
l
c
ir
c
u
it
s
,
”
S
NUG
S
il
ico
n
V
a
ll
e
y
2
0
1
8
Pro
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
1
]
“
Us
in
g
th
e
S
y
n
o
p
sy
s® De
sig
n
C
o
n
stra
in
ts F
o
rm
a
t
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
N
o
te,
”
De
c
2
0
1
7
.
[1
2
]
Y.
Blaq
u
iere
,
M
.
Da
g
e
n
a
is
a
n
d
Y.
S
a
v
a
ria,
“
F
a
st
ti
m
i
n
g
a
n
a
ly
si
s
o
f
VLS
I
c
ircu
it
s:
a
d
y
n
a
m
ic
a
n
d
h
iera
rc
h
ica
l
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
,
”
1
9
9
1
IEE
E
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
y
mp
o
isu
m o
n
Circ
u
it
s a
n
d
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
4
,
p
p
.
2
3
9
8
-
2
4
0
2
,
1
9
9
1
.
[1
3
]
Krish
n
a
n
-
tal
k
a
d
S
u
k
u
m
a
r,
Na
v
e
e
n
Ch
a
n
d
ra
S
riv
a
sta
v
a
,
Ha
rip
ra
sa
d
TT
,
P
a
n
k
a
j
K
u
m
a
r,
Da
v
id
N
e
wm
a
rk
,
M
it
c
h
S
e
n
g
so
n
a
n
d
Na
g
a
rj
u
n
a
Va
ll
a
m
k
o
n
d
a
,
“
De
term
in
in
g
th
e
P
re
fe
rre
d
M
e
th
o
d
o
lo
g
y
fo
r
Ti
m
in
g
An
a
l
y
s
is
a
n
d
S
ig
n
o
ff
o
f
M
i
x
e
d
S
i
g
n
a
l
De
sig
n
s
a
n
d
Ti
m
in
g
M
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
Co
rre
lati
o
n
C
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
i
n
F
i
n
F
ET
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
n
o
d
e
s
,
”
in
S
NU
G
S
il
ico
n
V
a
ll
e
y
2
0
1
8
Pro
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
4
]
Ve
n
k
a
tn
a
ra
y
a
n
Ha
rih
a
ra
n
,
S
a
ti
sh
Da
m
a
ra
ju
,
Aa
ro
n
De
n
o
,
H
a
rin
i
S
u
re
sh
a
n
d
I
q
b
a
l
Ra
jwa
n
i,
“
Im
p
ro
v
e
d
m
e
th
o
d
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
m
o
d
e
li
n
g
c
lo
c
k
sk
e
w i
n
h
o
l
d
a
n
a
ly
sis
,
”
S
NUG
S
il
ico
n
V
a
ll
e
y
2
0
1
7
Pr
o
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
5
]
S
o
wm
y
a
K
.
B.
,
De
sh
p
a
n
d
e
N.,
M
a
th
e
w
J.
A
.
,
“
Im
p
lem
e
n
tati
o
n
o
f
Ke
rn
e
l
-
Ba
se
d
DCT
wit
h
c
o
n
t
ro
ll
e
r
u
n
it
,”
I
n
:
F
iaid
h
i
J.,
Bh
a
t
tac
h
a
ry
y
a
D
.
,
Ra
o
N.
(e
d
s)
S
m
a
rt
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
i
n
Da
ta
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
C
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
.
Lec
tu
re
No
tes
in
Ne
two
rk
s
a
n
d
S
y
ste
m
s,
v
o
l
.
1
0
5
.
S
p
rin
g
e
r,
S
in
g
a
p
o
re
,
2
0
2
0
.
[1
6
]
N.
P
.
Jo
u
p
p
i,
“
Ti
m
in
g
a
n
a
ly
sis
f
o
r
n
M
O
S
VLS
I,
”
i
n
2
0
th
De
sig
n
Au
to
m
a
ti
o
n
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
,
1
9
8
3
,
p
p
.
411
-
4
1
8
.
[1
7
]
B.
Ko
rte an
d
J.
V
y
g
e
n
,
Co
m
b
in
a
t
o
ria
l
O
p
ti
miza
t
io
n
:
T
h
e
o
ry
a
n
d
A
lg
o
rit
h
ms
,
Be
rli
n
:S
p
r
in
g
e
r
-
Ve
rlag
,
2
0
0
6
.
[1
8
]
S
.
Ko
u
rtev
a
n
d
E
.
G
.
F
ried
m
a
n
,
T
imin
g
o
p
ti
miza
ti
o
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
c
l
o
c
k
sk
e
w
sc
h
e
d
u
li
n
g
,
M
A,
Bo
st
o
n
:Kl
u
we
r,
2
0
0
0
.
[1
9
]
H.
S
c
h
n
e
i
d
e
r
a
n
d
M
.
H.
S
c
h
n
e
i
d
e
r,
“
M
a
x
-
b
a
lan
c
i
n
g
we
i
g
h
te
d
d
i
re
c
ted
g
ra
p
h
s
a
n
d
m
a
tri
x
sc
a
li
n
g
,”
M
a
t
h
.
O
p
e
r.
Res
.
,
v
o
l.
1
6
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
0
8
-
2
2
2
,
1
9
9
1
.
[2
0
]
C.
-
Y.
Ye
h
a
n
d
M
.
M
a
re
k
-
S
a
d
o
w
sk
a
,
“
De
lay
b
u
d
g
e
ti
n
g
in
se
q
u
e
n
t
ial
c
ircu
it
with
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
o
n
F
P
G
A
p
lac
e
m
e
n
t,
”
in
Pro
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
t
h
e
4
0
th
a
n
n
u
a
l
De
sig
n
A
u
to
m
a
ti
o
n
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
,
p
p
.
2
0
2
-
2
0
7
,
2
0
0
3
.
[2
1
]
N.
E.
Yo
u
n
g
,
R.
E
.
Tarja
n
a
n
d
J.
B.
Orlin
,
“
F
a
ste
r
p
a
ra
m
e
tri
c
s
h
o
rtes
t
p
a
t
h
a
n
d
m
in
imu
m
b
a
lan
c
e
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
s,
”
Ne
two
rk
s
,
v
o
l
.
2
1
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
0
5
-
2
2
1
,
1
9
9
1
.
[2
2
]
T.
-
W.
Hu
a
n
g
a
n
d
M
.
D.
W
o
n
g
,
“
UI
-
ti
m
e
r
1
.
0
:
A
n
u
l
trafa
st
p
a
th
-
b
a
se
d
ti
m
in
g
a
n
a
l
y
sis
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
CP
P
R,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Co
m
p
u
ter
-
Ai
d
e
d
De
sig
n
o
f
In
te
g
ra
ted
C
irc
u
it
s
a
n
d
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l
.
3
5
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
p
p
.
1
8
6
2
-
1
8
7
5
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
3
]
P.
-
Y.
Lee
,
I.
H.
-
R.
Jia
n
g
a
n
d
T
.
-
C.
Ch
e
n
,
“
F
a
stp
a
ss
:
fa
st
ti
m
in
g
p
a
th
se
a
rc
h
fo
r
g
e
n
e
ra
li
z
e
d
ti
m
in
g
e
x
c
e
p
ti
o
n
h
a
n
d
l
in
g
,
”
in
2
0
1
8
2
3
rd
Asia
a
n
d
S
o
u
th
Pa
c
if
ic De
sig
n
A
u
to
m
a
ti
o
n
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
(AS
P
-
DAC)
,
2
0
1
8
,
p
p
.
1
7
2
-
1
7
7
.
[2
4
]
S
.
Ch
e
n
Hu
,
X.
Z
h
a
o
a
n
d
X.
C
h
e
n
,
“
TAU
2
0
1
6
c
o
n
tes
t
o
n
m
a
c
ro
m
o
d
e
li
n
g
,
”
i
n
2
0
1
6
AC
M
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
W
o
rk
sh
o
p
o
n
T
imin
g
Iss
u
e
s in
th
e
S
p
e
c
if
ica
t
io
n
a
n
d
S
y
n
t
h
e
sis o
f
Di
g
it
a
l
S
y
ste
ms
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
5
]
T.
-
Y.
Lai,
T.
-
W.
H
u
a
n
g
a
n
d
M
.
D
.
Wo
n
g
,
“
Li
b
A
b
s: An
e
fficie
n
t
a
n
d
a
c
c
u
ra
te t
imin
g
m
a
c
ro
-
m
o
d
e
li
n
g
a
lg
o
ri
th
m
fo
r
larg
e
h
iera
rc
h
ica
l
d
e
sig
n
s,
”
i
n
Pr
o
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
t
h
e
5
4
t
h
An
n
u
a
l
De
s
ig
n
Au
t
o
ma
ti
o
n
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
2
0
1
7
,
2
0
1
7
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
:
20
89
-
4
8
6
4
I
n
t J
R
ec
o
n
f
ig
u
r
a
b
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
c
h
202
1
:
18
–
24
24
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S O
F
AUTH
O
RS
S
o
wm
y
a
K
B
re
c
e
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e
d
t
h
e
B.
E
d
e
g
re
e
in
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
En
g
in
e
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ri
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fr
o
m
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Viv
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Co
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n
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2
0
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6
,
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.
Tec
h
d
e
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re
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n
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e
c
tro
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o
m
th
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ir.
M
.
Visv
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In
stit
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