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t
v
o
lta
g
e
[
5
]
.
P
W
M
ch
o
p
p
er
r
eq
u
ir
es
s
ec
o
n
d
o
r
d
er
f
ilter
f
o
r
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
u
n
d
er
clo
s
ed
lo
o
p
co
n
tr
o
l.
T
h
e
clo
s
ed
lo
o
p
co
n
tr
o
l
w
it
h
f
ilter
r
ed
u
ce
s
t
h
e
f
l
u
ctu
at
io
n
d
u
e
to
lo
ad
v
ar
iatio
n
s
[
6
]
.
T
h
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
r
u
n
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
i
s
u
s
ed
as
b
r
ak
i
n
g
u
s
i
n
g
tr
iac
ac
v
o
lta
g
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
T
h
e
i
n
h
ib
it
in
g
p
u
ls
e
s
o
f
r
ec
ti
f
ier
ar
e
a
f
ail
u
r
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
t
o
d
is
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
o
f
au
x
i
liar
y
w
i
n
d
i
n
g
[
7
]
.
AC
v
o
lta
g
e
r
eg
u
lat
io
n
i
s
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t
asp
ec
t
i
n
i
n
d
u
s
tr
y
an
d
d
o
m
e
s
tic
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
n
e
w
m
at
h
e
m
a
tical
m
o
d
el
is
d
er
iv
ed
an
d
lo
w
co
s
t
m
o
d
el.
T
h
e
co
n
t
r
o
ller
is
ch
ec
k
ed
ef
f
ec
ti
v
el
y
w
it
h
I
an
d
PI
co
n
tr
o
l
m
ec
h
an
i
s
m
s
[
9
]
.
T
h
e
d
r
a
w
b
ac
k
o
f
A
C
to
A
C
co
n
v
er
ter
w
it
h
p
h
a
s
e
co
n
tr
o
l
i
s
at
h
ig
h
er
f
ir
i
n
g
a
n
g
le
s
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
is
n
o
n
-
s
i
n
u
s
o
id
al
an
d
p
o
o
r
p
o
w
er
f
ac
to
r
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
co
m
p
ar
es
th
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
a
l
co
n
tr
o
lle
r
w
ith
ex
tin
c
tio
n
a
n
g
le
co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
s
i
n
u
s
o
id
al
p
u
l
s
e
w
id
th
m
o
d
u
la
tio
n
[
1
0
]
.
P
W
M
m
et
h
o
d
is
b
etter
th
an
p
h
a
s
e
an
g
le
co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
lo
w
o
r
d
er
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
at
h
ig
h
er
co
n
d
u
ctio
n
an
g
le
s
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
e
co
n
v
er
ter
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
w
i
th
ca
p
ac
ito
r
b
an
k
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
to
tal
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
tio
n
.
A
t
h
ig
h
er
co
n
d
u
ctio
n
an
g
le
s
th
e
d
is
to
r
tio
n
f
ac
to
r
in
c
r
ea
s
ed
d
u
e
to
lo
ad
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
e
r
eso
n
an
t
d
c
lin
k
co
n
v
er
ter
o
p
er
ates
at
ze
r
o
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
ze
r
o
cu
r
r
en
t
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
lea
d
s
to
m
o
r
e
e
f
f
ic
ien
t.
C
o
m
p
ar
e
d
to
h
ar
d
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
th
e
d
ela
y
ed
tr
ig
g
er
i
n
g
an
g
le
co
n
tr
o
l
g
iv
e
s
b
etter
o
u
tp
u
t
an
d
u
tili
ze
s
t
h
e
p
ass
i
v
e
lo
ad
at
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
eli
m
i
n
atio
n
is
d
o
n
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
i
n
u
s
o
id
al
p
u
l
s
e
w
id
t
h
m
o
d
u
latio
n
an
d
g
r
ati
f
ies
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
a
m
p
li
tu
d
e
a
n
d
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
m
o
d
u
latio
n
[
1
4
]
.
T
R
I
A
C
co
n
tr
o
l
i
s
u
til
ize
d
f
o
r
attain
in
g
b
etter
to
r
q
u
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
f
o
r
s
in
g
le
p
h
ase
i
n
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
an
d
th
e
r
esu
l
ts
s
h
o
w
s
th
a
t
th
e
o
p
ti
m
i
m
u
m
ca
p
ac
ito
r
v
alu
e
s
d
eter
m
i
n
es
th
e
to
r
q
u
e
an
d
ef
f
icien
c
y
.
T
h
e
lo
w
er
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
h
o
w
s
b
etter
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
h
ig
h
v
a
l
u
e
o
f
c
ap
ac
ito
r
.
T
h
e
o
p
er
ati
o
n
is
n
o
i
s
y
d
u
e
to
th
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
p
r
esen
t
in
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
e
T
R
I
A
C
co
n
tr
o
lled
s
in
g
le
p
h
a
s
e
in
d
u
c
tio
n
m
o
to
r
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
th
e
p
u
ls
at
in
g
to
r
q
u
e
at
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t.
T
h
e
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
r
ea
s
o
n
is
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
ev
en
m
u
ltip
les
o
f
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
an
d
th
es
e
ca
n
b
e
eli
m
i
n
ated
b
y
c
o
n
n
ec
ti
n
g
s
u
itab
le
s
h
u
n
t
r
esi
s
to
r
.
T
h
e
li
m
itatio
n
o
f
t
h
i
s
m
eth
o
d
is
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
a
n
d
lo
s
s
es
ar
e
m
o
r
e
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
r
esi
s
tan
ce
[
1
6
]
.
Pu
ls
e
w
id
th
m
o
d
u
latio
n
o
f
v
ar
i
ab
le
s
p
ee
d
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
f
a
n
u
t
ilizes
t
h
e
ac
ch
o
p
p
er
.
T
h
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
i
n
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
is
m
i
n
i
m
ized
b
y
e
m
p
lo
y
i
n
g
lo
w
p
as
s
f
ilter
s
.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
o
f
co
n
tr
o
l
cir
cu
it
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
is
co
m
p
le
x
an
d
in
th
e
p
r
esen
t
p
ae
r
th
e
a
d
v
an
ce
d
f
ea
t
u
r
es
o
f
tr
ig
g
er
i
n
g
is
u
s
ed
[
1
7
]
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
p
h
ase
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
s
p
ee
d
co
n
tr
o
l
m
eth
o
d
is
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
s
i
n
u
s
o
id
al
p
u
ls
e
w
id
t
h
m
o
d
u
latio
n
.
T
h
e
o
p
er
atio
n
an
d
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
p
r
in
cip
le
o
f
s
i
n
u
s
o
id
al
p
u
ls
e
w
id
t
h
m
o
d
u
lat
io
n
i
s
ex
p
lai
n
ed
alo
n
g
w
it
h
t
h
e
p
u
ls
e
g
e
n
er
atio
n
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
f
ield
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
a
b
le
g
ate
ar
r
a
y
.
I
n
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
ch
ap
ter
th
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lts
ar
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
b
et
w
ee
n
p
h
ase
co
n
tr
o
l
m
et
h
o
d
an
d
s
i
n
u
s
o
id
al
p
u
ls
e
w
id
t
h
m
o
d
u
latio
n
m
et
h
o
d
.
T
h
e
w
av
e
f
o
r
m
s
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
u
s
i
n
g
f
ield
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
ab
le
g
a
te
ar
r
ay
f
o
r
t
h
e
s
i
n
u
s
o
id
al
p
u
ls
e
w
id
t
h
m
o
d
u
la
tio
n
.
2.
AC
VO
L
T
AG
E
CO
N
T
RO
L
L
E
R
2
.
1
.
P
ha
s
e
Ang
le
Co
ntr
o
l
I
n
p
h
ase
an
g
le
co
n
tr
o
l,
th
e
t
w
o
s
ilico
n
co
n
tr
o
lled
r
ec
tif
ier
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
in
an
ti
-
p
ar
allel
is
u
s
ed
as
th
e
to
p
o
lo
g
y
o
f
A
C
v
o
lta
g
e
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
AC
v
o
ltag
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
s
i
n
g
le
p
h
a
s
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
r
u
n
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
.
T
h
e
tr
ig
g
er
in
g
p
u
ls
es
g
e
n
er
at
ed
f
o
r
th
e
t
w
o
th
y
r
is
to
r
s
ar
e
alter
n
ati
n
g
i
n
n
atu
r
e.
Fo
r
th
e
p
er
io
d
o
f
p
o
s
itiv
e
h
al
f
cy
c
le
th
y
r
is
to
r
T
1
is
in
f
o
r
w
a
r
d
b
ias
an
d
s
tar
ts
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
w
h
e
n
th
e
g
a
te
s
i
g
n
al
is
av
ailab
le,
w
h
ile
t
h
e
th
y
r
is
to
r
T
2
is
in
r
ev
er
s
ed
b
ias co
n
d
iti
o
n
.
A
t 1
8
0
d
eg
r
ee
s
th
y
r
is
to
r
s
n
ee
d
to
b
e
s
w
itc
h
ed
o
f
f
b
y
n
at
u
r
al
co
m
m
u
tatio
n
.
B
u
t
d
u
e
to
th
e
m
o
to
r
lo
ad
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
co
n
ti
n
u
e
to
f
lo
w
.
Fo
r
th
e
p
er
io
d
o
f
n
eg
at
iv
e
h
a
lf
c
y
cle
t
h
y
r
i
s
to
r
T
2
is
in
f
o
r
w
ar
d
b
ias
an
d
s
ta
r
ts
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
w
h
e
n
th
e
g
ate
s
ig
n
al
is
a
v
ailab
le,
w
h
il
e
t
h
e
th
y
r
is
to
r
T
1
is
in
r
ev
er
s
ed
b
ias
co
n
d
itio
n
.
A
t
3
6
0
d
eg
r
ee
s
th
y
r
i
s
to
r
s
n
ee
d
to
b
e
s
w
itc
h
ed
o
f
f
b
y
n
atu
r
al
co
m
m
u
tatio
n
.
B
u
t
d
u
e
to
th
e
m
o
to
r
lo
ad
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
co
n
ti
n
u
e
to
f
lo
w
.
B
id
ir
es
tio
n
al
A
C
v
o
ltag
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
as sh
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
9
-
4
864
I
J
R
E
S Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
3
,
N
o
v
e
m
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
13
8
–
14
8
140
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
B
id
ir
esti
o
n
al
AC
v
o
l
tag
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
2
.
2
.
Si
nu
s
o
ida
l P
uls
e
Wi
dth
M
o
du
la
t
io
n
T
h
e
A
C
v
o
lta
g
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
u
s
es
d
if
f
er
en
t
to
p
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
th
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
in
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
ca
p
ac
ito
r
r
u
n
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
.
T
h
is
to
p
o
lo
g
y
u
s
es
f
o
u
r
d
io
d
es
an
d
m
a
in
d
ev
ice
I
GB
T
S1
is
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
f
o
r
co
n
d
u
cti
n
g
i
n
b
o
th
p
o
s
iti
v
e
h
alf
an
d
n
eg
a
tiv
e
h
al
f
c
y
c
le.
F
o
r
th
e
f
r
ee
w
h
ee
lin
g
ac
tio
n
it
e
m
p
lo
y
s
f
o
u
r
d
io
d
es
an
d
o
n
e
au
x
iliar
y
d
ev
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