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I
SS
N:
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4864
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m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
C
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s
s
tal
k
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an
u
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d
esira
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ter
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d
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p
lin
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c
ap
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ita
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ce
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et
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ee
n
th
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m
;
t
h
e
ca
p
ac
ita
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ce
i
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t
u
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n
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eter
m
i
n
ed
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y
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elat
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itio
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n
th
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m
.
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h
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co
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p
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p
ac
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is
a
ls
o
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n
v
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s
el
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p
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tio
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to
th
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d
is
ta
n
ce
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ep
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atin
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t
w
o
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ar
allel
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ir
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T
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co
u
p
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ca
p
ac
ita
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ce
b
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ee
n
a
p
air
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f
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e
g
li
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to
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a
p
air
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ar
allel
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es
a
n
d
is
th
u
s
r
ea
s
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l
y
a
s
s
u
m
ed
to
b
e
n
o
n
-
e
x
i
s
ten
t
[
1
]
.
Mo
s
t
r
esear
ch
ag
r
ee
d
th
at
C
r
o
s
s
tal
k
h
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m
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f
p
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m
an
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s
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n
GSM
n
et
w
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k
.
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el
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lar
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p
er
ato
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s
h
av
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id
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p
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e
m
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o
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th
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y
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te
m
s
.
A
m
aj
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ca
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o
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d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
i
n
telep
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y
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te
m
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s
cr
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ic
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f
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,
p
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)
an
d
alien
cr
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talk
(
A
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)
r
esp
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tiv
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y
.
Mo
s
t
r
esear
ch
w
o
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k
h
av
e
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
d
if
f
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tech
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lo
g
i
es
in
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ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
cr
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s
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k
a
m
o
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g
w
h
ic
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ar
e
Sig
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al
T
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
at
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n
Av
o
id
an
ce
T
ec
h
n
iq
u
e,
C
r
o
s
s
tal
k
Min
i
m
iza
tio
n
in
O
p
tical
Net
w
o
r
k
s
,
C
r
o
s
s
tal
k
R
ed
u
ctio
n
in
Fab
r
icatio
n
T
ec
h
n
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lo
g
ies,
FIR
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lter
,
Fas
t b
lo
ck
L
m
s
al
g
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r
ith
m
(
FB
L
MS)
,
L
ea
s
t
m
ea
n
s
q
u
ar
e
al
g
o
r
ith
m
(
L
MS)
etc
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
9
-
4864
IJ
R
E
S
Vo
l.
5
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
l
y
20
1
6
:
10
3
–
1
07
104
2.
RE
L
AT
E
D
WO
RK
[
1
]
R
ev
ie
w
ed
t
h
e
e
f
f
ec
t
s
a
n
d
i
m
p
ac
t
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cr
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talk
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a
s
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t
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y
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h
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ati
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R
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Min
i
m
izatio
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w
a
s
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
.
[
2
]
Dis
cu
s
s
es
t
h
e
v
ar
io
u
s
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
a
n
d
tech
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iq
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es
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c
h
as
FB
L
MS,
L
M
S
u
s
ed
to
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cr
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w
it
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f
s
.
T
h
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au
t
h
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p
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o
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tech
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e
b
ased
o
n
p
er
f
o
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a
n
ce
p
ar
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eter
s
o
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s
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t b
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alg
o
r
ith
m
s
.
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
clai
m
ed
th
at
t
h
er
e
is
a
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
7
3
.
6
4
%
in
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
w
it
h
r
esp
ec
t to
FF
T
m
et
h
o
d
w
h
ile
w
it
h
n
o
r
m
al
ca
s
ca
d
e
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
m
u
ltip
lier
th
e
r
ed
u
ct
io
n
is
8
3
.
8
7
%.
[
3
]
P
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
e
m
e
f
o
r
th
e
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
cr
o
s
s
talk
ar
is
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
th
e
li
m
ited
s
to
p
-
b
an
d
r
ej
ec
tio
n
o
f
o
p
tical
b
an
d
p
ass
f
ilter
s
in
d
en
s
e
w
av
e
le
n
g
t
h
d
i
v
i
s
io
n
m
u
ltip
le
x
ed
(
W
DM
)
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
T
h
e
o
p
tical
ca
r
r
ier
at
ea
ch
w
a
v
ele
n
g
th
i
s
m
o
d
u
lated
w
it
h
a
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
to
n
e
u
n
iq
u
e
to
th
at
w
a
v
ele
n
g
t
h
.
T
h
e
lev
el
o
f
cr
o
s
s
ta
lk
f
r
o
m
a
g
i
v
en
c
h
an
n
el
w
a
s
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
b
y
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
o
f
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
n
e.
C
r
o
s
s
talk
f
r
o
m
o
t
h
er
c
h
an
n
els
ca
n
b
e
ca
n
ce
lled
i
n
a
li
n
ea
r
f
as
h
io
n
b
y
w
ei
g
h
t
in
g
a
n
d
s
u
m
m
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
h
o
to
cu
r
r
en
ts
o
f
th
e
d
esire
d
ch
an
n
el
a
n
d
s
ev
er
al
ad
j
ac
en
t
in
ter
f
er
i
n
g
c
h
an
n
el
s
.
A
l
ter
n
ati
v
el
y
,
i
n
n
o
n
li
n
ea
r
cr
o
s
s
tal
k
ca
n
ce
lla
ti
o
n
,
d
ec
is
io
n
s
ar
e
m
ad
e
o
n
t
h
e
in
ter
f
er
in
g
s
i
g
n
als,
a
n
d
th
ese
d
ec
is
io
n
s
ar
e
w
ei
g
h
ted
an
d
s
u
m
m
ed
w
ith
t
h
e
p
h
o
to
cu
r
r
en
t
o
f
t
h
e
d
esire
d
ch
an
n
el.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
ass
u
m
in
g
a
n
o
p
tical
f
ilte
r
h
av
i
n
g
a
Gau
s
s
ia
n
p
ass
b
an
d
,
th
e
ch
a
n
n
el
d
en
s
it
y
ca
n
b
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
f
r
o
m
2
0
to
3
0
%,
d
e
p
en
d
in
g
o
n
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ad
j
ac
en
t
ch
a
n
n
e
ls
’
d
etec
ted
.
T
h
e
s
ig
n
al
-
to
i
n
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
r
a
tio
ca
n
b
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
b
y
1
0
-
2
0
d
B
an
d
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
ca
n
ac
h
ie
v
e
a
B
E
R
<
10
-
9
u
n
d
er
co
n
d
itio
n
s
w
h
er
e,
w
ith
o
u
t
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
ca
n
ce
llati
o
n
,
th
e
s
i
g
n
al
-
to
-
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
r
atio
w
o
u
ld
b
e
les
s
th
a
n
1
0
d
B
.
[
4
]
T
h
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
lar
g
e
s
ca
le
A
W
Gs
f
ilter
s
i
n
th
e
m
u
lt
ip
lex
er
/d
e
m
u
lt
ip
lex
er
b
ased
o
n
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
ch
a
n
n
els
s
p
ac
in
g
d
es
ig
n
s
u
n
d
er
u
s
a
g
e
s
o
f
t
h
e
p
o
w
e
r
f
u
ll
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
n
a
m
ed
W
DM
_
P
h
asar
s
i
m
u
latio
n
w
a
s
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
.
T
h
e
ca
s
ca
d
e
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
i
ts
c
ap
ab
ilit
y
i
n
s
o
lv
i
n
g
t
h
e
ac
c
u
m
u
lated
cr
o
s
s
tal
k
p
r
o
b
lem
i
n
ar
r
a
y
w
a
v
e
g
u
id
e
(
A
W
G)
w
h
ic
h
b
ec
o
m
e
s
t
h
e
m
aj
o
r
lim
it
in
g
f
ac
to
r
i
n
t
h
e
s
en
s
iti
v
it
y
o
f
t
h
e
ar
r
a
y
in
lo
n
g
d
is
ta
n
ce
o
p
tical
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
lin
k
.
A
cc
ep
tab
le
r
e
s
u
lt
s
ar
e
o
b
tain
ed
o
f
A
W
Gs
f
il
ter
s
w
it
h
ca
s
ca
d
ed
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
a
f
ter
u
s
i
n
g
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
c
h
an
n
el
s
s
p
ac
i
n
g
d
esi
g
n
s
o
f
6
4
ch
a
n
n
els
(
0
.
7
0
8
n
m
,
0
.
9
2
5
n
m
,
a
n
d
1
.
2
3
3
n
m
)
.
C
o
m
p
u
tatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
s
s
i
g
n
i
f
ican
t
r
esu
lt
s
o
f
all
in
p
u
t
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
w
er
e
co
m
p
u
ted
an
d
th
en
r
u
n
n
i
n
g
th
e
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
r
es
u
lt
ed
in
t
h
e
g
r
ap
h
ical
d
is
p
la
y
s
o
f
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
er
f
r
o
m
w
h
ich
t
h
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
c
h
an
n
el
s
cr
o
s
s
talk
ar
e
o
b
tain
ed
.
[
5
]
A
n
o
n
li
n
ea
r
cr
o
s
s
ta
lk
m
i
n
i
m
izatio
n
al
g
o
r
ith
m
t
h
at
s
i
m
u
ltan
eo
u
s
l
y
co
n
s
id
er
s
s
elf
-
p
h
a
s
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
(
SP
M)
,
cr
o
s
s
-
p
h
a
s
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
(
XP
M)
,
an
d
f
o
u
r
-
w
a
v
e
m
i
x
i
n
g
(
FW
M)
h
a
s
b
ee
n
p
r
esen
ted
a
n
d
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
tall
y
a
s
s
e
s
s
ed
b
y
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
.
Fo
r
a
p
ass
iv
e
o
p
tical
n
et
w
o
r
k
(
P
ON)
,
in
th
e
w
o
r
s
t
-
ca
s
e
s
ce
n
ar
io
,
a
1
d
B
p
o
w
er
g
a
in
i
s
r
ep
o
r
ted
b
y
th
e
au
t
h
o
r
s
f
o
r
a
b
it e
r
r
o
r
r
ate
(
B
E
R
)
o
f
1
0
-
9
.
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
h
av
e
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
ta
ll
y
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
t
iv
e
n
es
s
o
f
t
h
eir
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
th
at
is
b
ased
o
n
Vo
lter
r
a
s
er
ies a
n
d
g
en
etic
al
g
o
r
ith
m
(
G
A
)
.
T
h
e
a
u
th
o
r
s
h
av
e
r
ep
o
r
ted
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
s
u
p
to
1
.
8
d
B
in
th
e
Q
f
ac
to
r
,
in
t
h
e
ca
s
e
o
f
a
W
DM
r
i
n
g
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tin
g
1
6
-
1
0
Gb
p
s
o
n
-
o
f
f
k
e
y
i
n
g
n
o
n
-
r
etu
r
n
-
to
-
ze
r
o
co
d
es
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
i
n
g
le
-
m
o
d
e
f
ib
r
e,
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
n
o
n
-
o
p
t
i
m
ized
s
ce
n
ar
io
.
C
r
o
s
s
tal
k
n
o
is
e
is
m
i
n
i
m
ize
d
u
s
i
n
g
v
ar
io
u
s
tech
n
iq
u
es
s
u
c
h
as
r
ep
ea
ter
(
b
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
b
u
f
f
er
)
in
s
er
tio
n
alo
n
g
w
ith
s
h
ie
ld
in
g
,
s
k
e
w
in
g
an
d
s
h
ield
i
n
g
&
s
k
e
w
i
n
g
s
i
m
u
lta
n
eo
u
s
l
y
.
W
it
h
th
e
h
elp
o
f
th
e
s
e
tech
n
iq
u
es c
r
o
s
s
talk
n
o
is
e
i
s
co
n
tr
o
lled
to
a
g
r
ea
t e
x
ten
t i
n
l
o
n
g
i
n
ter
co
n
n
ec
ts
.
P
r
elay
o
u
t
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
s
f
o
r
cr
o
s
s
tal
k
ar
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
t
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
at
9
0
n
m
te
ch
n
o
lo
g
y
n
o
d
es
u
s
in
g
ca
d
en
ce
.
T
h
e
in
f
l
u
en
ce
s
o
f
t
h
ese
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
ar
e
an
al
y
ze
d
a
n
d
it
is
f
o
u
n
d
th
a
t
cr
o
s
s
talk
i
s
r
ed
u
ce
d
u
p
to
5
7
%
[
6
]
.
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
p
r
esen
t
t
w
o
e
f
f
icien
t
b
u
s
-
co
d
i
n
g
m
et
h
o
d
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
s
s
i
m
u
ltan
eo
u
s
l
y
r
ed
u
ce
m
o
r
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
p
o
w
er
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
a
n
d
w
ir
e
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
d
ela
y
th
a
n
e
x
i
s
ti
n
g
b
u
s
e
n
co
d
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
.
T
h
ey
clai
m
ed
th
at
t
h
eir
m
et
h
o
d
s
also
r
ed
u
ce
m
o
r
e
to
tal
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
th
a
n
o
th
er
en
co
d
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
s
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
t
h
e
b
u
s
s
i
g
n
a
l to
r
ed
u
ce
an
d
eli
m
i
n
ate
th
e
w
o
r
s
t
cr
o
s
s
tal
k
t
y
p
es,
i.e
.
T
y
p
e
-
4
,
T
y
p
e
-
3
,
an
d
T
y
p
e
-
2
.
T
h
e
y
r
ed
u
ce
p
o
w
er
an
d
w
ir
e
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
d
ela
y
b
y
d
ec
r
ea
s
i
n
g
th
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
a
n
d
co
u
p
lin
g
ac
tiv
ities
.
[
7
]
[
7
]
T
h
eo
r
etica
l
an
al
y
s
i
s
an
d
n
u
m
er
ica
l
s
i
m
u
latio
n
i
s
ca
r
r
ie
d
o
u
t
to
ev
al
u
ate
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
a
n
Op
tical
A
d
d
d
r
o
p
m
u
lt
ip
lex
er
(
OA
DM
)
f
o
r
W
av
ele
n
g
t
h
Di
v
is
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n
Mu
l
tip
lex
i
n
g
(
W
DM
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tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
y
s
te
m
in
t
h
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
l
in
ea
r
cr
o
s
s
talk
d
u
e
to
Fib
er
B
r
ag
g
Gr
at
in
g
s
(
FB
Gs)
a
n
d
o
p
tical
cir
cu
lat
o
r
(
OC
)
w
h
ich
ca
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJ
R
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N:
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Mea
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et
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Mu
s
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105
b
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an
al
y
ze
d
h
er
e
th
e
ad
d
d
r
o
p
m
u
ltip
le
x
i
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
f
o
r
m
u
ltip
l
e
w
a
v
ele
n
g
t
h
c
h
an
n
els,
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
co
n
d
itio
n
o
f
ch
a
n
n
el
p
r
es
en
ce
an
d
ch
a
n
n
e
l
s
ep
ar
atio
n
.
W
e
s
i
m
u
la
te
th
e
cr
o
s
s
talk
p
o
w
er
,
s
i
g
n
al
-
to
cr
o
s
s
tal
k
r
atio
(
SC
R
)
an
d
b
it
er
r
o
r
r
at
e
(
B
E
R
)
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
w
it
h
d
if
f
er
en
t
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ch
a
n
n
els
p
r
esen
ce
.
Her
e
we
co
m
p
ar
ed
cr
o
s
s
tal
k
p
o
w
er
a
n
d
S
C
R
f
o
r
m
u
ltip
le
w
a
v
ele
n
g
th
c
h
an
n
els
li
k
e
4
,
8
,
1
6
,
3
2
ch
an
n
el
s
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
c
h
an
n
el
s
ep
ar
atio
n
a
n
d
d
r
o
p
o
f
ch
an
n
els
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
I
t
is
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
t
h
e
SC
R
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
w
it
h
th
e
ch
a
n
n
e
l
s
ep
ar
atio
n
an
d
SC
R
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
w
i
th
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
th
e
c
h
an
n
el
B
an
d
w
id
t
h
(
B
)
.
B
E
R
in
cr
ea
s
es
w
it
h
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
w
a
v
e
len
g
th
c
h
an
n
els
d
u
e
to
i
n
cr
e
ased
in
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
cr
o
s
s
talk
s
.
3.
M
E
T
H
O
DO
L
O
G
Y
3
.
1
.
Cro
s
s
t
a
lk
M
ea
s
ure
m
ent
Ou
r
an
a
l
y
s
is
o
f
cr
o
s
s
tal
k
r
eq
u
ir
ed
a
d
atab
ase
o
f
ac
c
u
r
ate
a
n
d
d
etailed
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
ts
o
f
cr
o
s
s
tal
k
b
et
w
ee
n
p
air
s
i
n
2
5
-
p
air
ca
b
les.
A
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
y
s
te
m
w
as
co
n
s
tr
u
c
ted
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
NE
X
T
an
d
FEXT
lo
s
s
es
o
f
all
p
air
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
s
in
2
5
-
p
air
ca
b
les.
I
n
d
iv
id
u
al
p
air
s
wer
e
r
o
u
ted
to
th
e
s
ti
m
u
lu
s
a
n
d
r
esp
o
n
s
e
p
o
r
ts
o
f
a
n
et
w
o
r
k
a
n
al
y
ze
r
v
ia
a
co
m
p
u
ter
-
co
n
tr
o
lled
s
w
itc
h
.
T
h
is
al
l
o
w
ed
t
h
e
a
u
to
m
a
tic
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
3
0
0
d
if
f
er
en
t
p
air
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
s
f
o
r
NE
XT
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
s
an
d
6
0
0
p
ai
r
co
m
b
in
atio
n
s
f
o
r
FEXT
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
.
A
n
y
p
air
n
o
t
b
ein
g
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
w
as
ter
m
i
n
ate
d
in
1
0
0
o
h
m
s
v
ia
a
b
alu
n
an
d
a
5
0
-
o
h
m
ter
m
in
at
io
n
in
ter
n
al
to
th
e
s
w
itc
h
.
T
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
a
n
al
y
ze
r
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
t
h
e
cr
o
s
s
tal
k
lo
s
s
(
p
h
ase
a
n
d
m
ag
n
i
tu
d
e)
to
4
0
MH
z,
an
d
t
h
is
w
a
s
d
o
w
n
lo
ad
ed
to
a
co
m
p
u
ter
d
atab
ase.
Usi
n
g
t
h
is
s
y
s
te
m
,
t
h
e
NE
XT
an
d
FEXT
lo
s
s
es
w
er
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
f
o
r
m
an
y
t
h
o
u
s
an
d
s
o
f
p
air
co
m
b
in
a
tio
n
s
i
n
a
s
elec
t
io
n
o
f
2
5
-
p
air
ca
b
les o
f
v
ar
y
in
g
m
an
u
f
ac
t
u
r
er
an
d
ag
e.
NE
XT
:
Nea
r
en
d
cr
o
s
s
talk
(
NE
XT
)
h
ap
p
en
s
w
h
e
n
a
s
i
g
n
al
f
r
o
m
a
tr
an
s
m
i
tter
at
o
n
e
en
d
o
f
a
ca
b
le
in
ter
f
er
e
s
w
it
h
a
r
ec
eiv
er
at
th
e
s
a
m
e
e
n
d
o
f
th
e
ca
b
le.
NE
XT
=
-
2
0
L
OG(
Vn
/Vi)
1
FEXT
:
th
is
i
s
a
t
y
p
e
o
f
cr
o
s
s
t
alk
i
n
th
e
u
n
w
a
n
ted
r
ec
ep
tio
n
b
y
s
i
g
n
al
b
y
o
n
e
w
ir
e
p
air
f
r
o
m
an
o
t
h
er
w
ir
e
p
air
at
r
ec
eiv
i
n
g
en
d
o
f
t
h
e
li
n
k
(
d
B
)
.
T
h
e
h
i
g
h
er
t
h
e
v
alu
e
o
f
d
ec
ib
el,
th
e
lo
w
er
t
h
e
d
is
r
u
p
tiv
e
e
f
f
ec
t
o
f
cr
o
s
s
talk
.
FEXT
=
-
2
0
lo
g
(
Vf
/Vi)
2
P
SNEX
T
:
I
s
th
e
alg
eb
r
aic
s
u
m
o
f
th
r
ee
w
ir
e
p
air
s
a
s
t
h
e
y
af
f
ec
t
t
h
e
f
o
u
r
th
p
air
ca
b
le
e.
g
ca
te
g
o
r
y
6
ca
b
le.
C
ab
lin
g
b
an
d
w
id
th
i
n
ex
ce
s
s
o
f
1
0
0
Mh
z
m
a
k
es
co
n
s
id
er
ati
o
n
o
f
P
SNEX
T
.
P
SNEX
T
is
a
w
a
y
o
f
m
ea
s
u
r
i
n
g
NE
XT
in
th
e
en
d
s
o
f
ca
b
le
d
u
e
to
th
eir
clo
s
e
p
r
o
x
i
m
it
y
.
A
XT
:
is
a
u
n
w
a
n
ted
d
is
t
u
r
b
in
g
s
ig
n
al
co
u
p
lin
g
f
r
o
m
o
n
e
b
alan
ce
d
t
w
i
s
ted
-
p
air
co
m
p
o
n
en
t,
c
h
an
n
el
o
r
p
er
m
a
n
e
n
t
li
n
k
to
an
o
t
h
er
.
A
l
ien
i
s
u
s
ed
b
ec
au
s
e
u
n
li
k
e
p
ai
r
to
p
air
cr
o
s
s
tal
k
,
alie
n
cr
o
s
s
talk
is
a
d
is
t
u
r
b
in
g
n
o
is
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
th
at
o
r
i
g
in
a
tes
f
r
o
m
o
u
ts
id
e
t
h
e
af
f
ec
ted
li
n
k
’
s
ca
b
le
an
d
4.
RE
SU
L
T
O
B
T
AIN
E
D
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
(
a)
Me
asu
r
e
m
e
n
t o
f
cr
o
s
s
talk
i
n
d
ec
ib
el
o
f
(
b
)
w
av
ef
o
r
m
o
f
cr
o
s
s
talk
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
Di
f
f
er
en
t
ch
an
n
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
9
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4864
IJ
R
E
S
Vo
l.
5
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
l
y
20
1
6
:
10
3
–
1
07
106
Fro
m
t
h
e
f
i
g
u
r
e
1
b
ab
o
v
e
th
e
cr
o
s
s
tal
k
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
f
r
o
m
c
h
an
n
el
1
to
c
h
an
n
el
2
,
th
e
n
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
i
n
ch
an
n
el
3
,
t
h
en
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
ch
an
n
el
4
,
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
5
,
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
c
h
an
n
el
6
&
7
a
n
d
th
e
n
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
ch
an
n
el
8
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
(
a)
C
r
o
s
s
ta
lk
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
u
s
in
g
s
i
m
u
latio
n
(
b
)
h
ig
h
e
r
v
alu
e
o
f
cr
o
s
s
talk
T
h
e
f
ig
u
r
e
2
ab
o
v
e
s
h
o
w
th
e
r
esu
lt
o
f
s
i
m
u
latio
n
o
f
cr
o
s
s
t
alk
o
n
a
ca
b
le
co
u
p
lin
g
r
eg
io
n
w
ith
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
es
t
v
alu
e
o
f
3
0
0
0
V
in
f
i
g
u
r
e
2b.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
(
a)
Nea
r
-
en
d
cr
o
s
s
talk
(
NE
XT
)
(
b
)
Min
i
m
u
m
t
h
eo
r
etica
l N
E
X
T
lo
s
s
an
d
ac
tu
al
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
(
a)
Far
-
en
d
cr
o
s
s
tal
k
(
FEXT
)
(
b
)
Min
i
m
u
m
t
h
eo
r
etica
l FE
X
T
lo
s
s
an
d
ac
tu
al
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJ
R
E
S
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
A
n
a
lysi
s
o
f D
iffer
en
t
W
a
ys o
f
C
r
o
s
s
ta
lk
Mea
s
u
r
eme
n
t in
GS
M N
et
w
o
r
k
(
Mu
s
efiu
A
d
erin
o
la
)
107
Fig
u
r
e
3
b
ab
o
v
e
s
h
o
w
n
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
o
f
cr
o
s
s
tal
k
i
n
d
ec
ib
el.
A
s
t
h
e
d
ec
ib
el
v
al
u
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
t
h
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
d
ec
r
ea
s
es.
T
h
er
e
is
an
ar
r
o
w
i
n
d
icatin
g
t
h
e
m
in
i
m
u
m
NE
XT
lo
s
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
b
ab
o
v
e
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
cr
o
s
s
tal
k
in
d
ec
ib
el.
T
h
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
w
it
h
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
i
n
d
ec
ib
el
v
alu
e.
T
h
e
ar
r
o
w
i
n
d
ic
ates th
e
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
v
alu
e
s
o
f
F
E
XT
.
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
C
r
o
s
s
tal
k
i
s
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
th
at
r
ed
u
ce
t
h
e
o
p
er
atio
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
s
o
f
GSM
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
er
e
is
n
ee
d
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
cr
o
s
s
tal
k
i
n
GSM
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
o
th
a
t
w
a
y
s
to
r
ed
u
ce
it
w
i
ll
b
e
p
r
o
p
er
ly
lo
o
k
ed
in
to
.
Dif
f
er
en
t
w
a
y
s
in
w
h
ic
h
cr
o
s
s
tal
k
ca
n
b
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
w
er
e
an
a
l
y
ze
d
.
T
h
e
b
eh
av
io
u
r
o
f
cr
o
s
s
talk
i
n
eig
h
t
d
if
f
er
e
n
t c
h
a
n
n
els
w
er
e
a
n
al
y
z
ed
an
d
s
i
m
u
latio
n
o
f
a
ca
b
le
co
u
p
lin
g
r
eg
io
n
w
er
e
s
i
m
u
lated
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
A
c
h
ira
P
a
l,
T
a
ra
k
Na
th
M
a
n
d
a
l,
A
b
h
in
a
n
d
a
n
K
h
a
n
,
Ra
jat
Ku
m
a
r
P
a
l,
A
lak
Ku
m
a
r
Da
tt
a
,
A
t
a
l
Ch
a
u
d
h
u
ri
,
“
A
Re
v
i
e
w
o
n
Cro
ss
talk
A
v
o
id
a
n
c
e
a
n
d
M
in
im
iza
ti
o
n
in
V
L
S
I
S
y
ste
m
s
”
,
In
ter
n
a
t
io
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o
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rg
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g
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o
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u
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5
,
Iss
u
e
3
,
M
a
rc
h
2
0
1
5
[2
]
De
v
i
S
iv
a
ra
m
a
n
a
n
d
Ne
e
ra
j
Kr.
S
h
u
k
la,
“
A
d
a
p
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v
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l
g
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m
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se
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lk
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d
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Us
in
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icie
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u
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ter
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n
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,
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o
l.
6
,
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6
,
De
c
e
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r
2
0
1
4
[3
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a
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g
-
P
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a
n
d
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se
p
h
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.
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h
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,
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M
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s f
o
r
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ss
talk
M
e
a
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m
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d
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d
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s
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o
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s T
e
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h
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V
o
l.
1
4
,
No
.
6
,
Ju
n
e
1
9
9
6
.
[4
]
S
a
lah
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ro
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a
i
a
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d
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b
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e
n
A
b
d
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k
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,
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talk
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m
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v
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rr
a
y
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id
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Dif
f
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re
n
t
Ch
a
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ls
(6
4
)
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p
a
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ter
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ti
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l
J
o
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n
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a
rc
h
in
Co
mp
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ter
a
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mm
u
n
ica
ti
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n
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
.
V
o
l.
3
,
Iss
u
e
4
,
A
p
ril
2
0
1
5
.
[5
]
Re
is,
Ja
c
k
l
y
n
D.,
M
ig
u
e
l
V
.
Dru
m
m
o
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n
tó
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ira,
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g
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u
e
ira,
P
a
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i
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a
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o
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n
d
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io
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leff
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tal
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stra
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a
r
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ts
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talk
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in
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iz
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lg
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m
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In
Na
t
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n
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b
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n
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p
.
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h
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3
2
.
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ti
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l
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f
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e
ri
c
a
,
2
0
1
0
.
[6
]
Da
m
a
n
p
re
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t
Ka
u
r,
V
.
S
u
lo
c
h
a
n
a
,
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Cro
ss
talk
M
in
im
iz
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ti
o
n
in
V
L
S
I
In
terc
o
n
n
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c
ts”
,
In
ter
n
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t
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o
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rn
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o
n
fi
g
u
ra
b
le a
n
d
Emb
e
d
d
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d
S
y
ste
ms
(
I
J
RE
S
)
,
V
o
l.
2
,
No
.
2
,
Ju
ly
2
0
1
3
[7
]
G
o
p
a
ld
a
s
S
u
n
il
k
u
m
a
r,
P
a
tn
a
m
S
a
m
u
lu
,
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Eff
i
c
ien
t
RC
lo
w
-
p
o
we
r
b
u
s
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n
c
o
d
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n
g
m
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th
o
d
s
f
o
r
c
ro
ss
talk
re
d
u
c
ti
o
n
”
,
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
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g
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rin
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T
re
n
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s
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
Vo
l
u
m
e
3
,
Iss
u
e
5
-
2
0
1
2
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