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ra
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ll
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SR
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tatic
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c
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rticle
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li
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.
C
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:
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n
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is
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s
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Dep
ar
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m
en
t o
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I
NT
RO
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O
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Den
s
i
t
y
o
f
tr
a
n
s
i
s
to
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s
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i
n
te
g
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ated
cir
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is
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
r
a
p
id
ly
f
o
r
lo
w
co
s
t,
b
etter
o
p
e
r
atio
n
an
d
h
ig
h
p
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f
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r
m
a
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ce
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w
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d
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s
,
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tr
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d
ev
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h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ed
f
r
o
m
w
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to
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eless
p
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tab
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th
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in
h
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g
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d
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m
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d
f
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m
i
n
i
m
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m
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d
les
s
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.
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n
m
o
s
t o
f
th
e
elec
tr
ica
l d
ev
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m
e
m
o
r
ie
s
ar
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co
n
te
m
p
lated
a
s
a
v
ital
b
u
ild
in
g
b
lo
ck
in
v
ar
io
u
s
ap
p
lica
tio
n
s
[
1
]
.
Sta
tic
r
a
n
d
o
m
ac
ce
s
s
m
e
m
o
r
y
(
S
R
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p
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s
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n
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m
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le
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te
m
.
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M
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o
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t
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0
%
o
f
d
ie
ar
ea
i
n
s
o
m
e
s
y
s
te
m
[
1
-
3
]
.
T
h
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
6
T
SR
A
M
i
s
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
w
it
h
t
w
o
cr
o
s
s
co
u
p
led
i
n
v
er
ter
s
an
d
t
w
o
ac
ce
s
s
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
s
[
3
]
b
u
t
h
as
s
o
m
e
li
m
ita
tio
n
s
w
h
ile
r
ea
d
in
g
an
d
w
r
iti
n
g
d
ata,
esp
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iall
y
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t
l
o
w
s
u
p
p
l
y
v
o
ltag
e.
Stab
ilit
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f
d
ata
also
h
a
m
p
er
s
d
u
e
to
leak
a
g
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
[
4
,
5
]
.
Sev
er
al
m
o
d
els
[
6
-
1
2
]
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
p
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p
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s
ed
to
o
v
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co
m
e
th
e
p
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b
lem
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f
m
alf
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n
ct
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g
o
f
6
T
SR
A
M.
A
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
r
esear
ch
er
[
6
]
p
r
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p
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s
ed
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
v
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lta
g
e
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
s
tab
le
o
p
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n
.
A
n
o
t
h
er
d
esig
n
w
as
s
h
o
w
n
b
y
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s
ti
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ati
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a
p
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2
0
0
m
V
s
u
b
-
th
r
e
s
h
o
ld
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g
e
[
7
]
.
B
u
t
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d
esi
g
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cr
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s
e
s
ti
m
e
d
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d
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g
w
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te
o
p
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.
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d
th
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lo
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g
er
ti
m
e
d
elay
co
n
s
u
m
es
m
o
r
e
p
o
w
er
[
8
]
.
So
th
e
SR
AM
is
d
es
ig
n
e
d
w
it
h
7
to
8
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
ar
e
a
ls
o
p
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o
p
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s
ed
[
9
-
1
2
]
to
ac
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iev
e
b
etter
p
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f
o
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m
a
n
ce
,
b
u
t th
o
s
e
m
o
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el
s
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eq
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ir
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tech
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an
i
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ter
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to
p
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r
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[
1
3
]
in
d
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in
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ll.
Am
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ased
m
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[
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3
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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mem
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(
K
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ma
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43
d
esig
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an
d
elab
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r
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b
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p
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f
o
r
m
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ce
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r
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w
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u
t
co
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s
u
m
es
m
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e
p
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.
An
o
th
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d
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n
o
f
m
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m
r
is
to
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b
ased
m
e
m
o
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is
7
T
2
M
m
o
d
el
[
1
4
]
,
w
h
er
e
alo
n
g
with
7
tr
an
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to
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s
2
m
e
m
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s
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ir
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v
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A
M.
Fas
t
o
p
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d
less
p
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s
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m
p
tio
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w
as
ac
h
iev
ed
in
8
T
2
R
m
e
m
r
is
to
r
b
ased
m
e
m
o
r
y
[
1
5
]
b
u
t
th
e
m
o
d
el
s
h
o
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s
p
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s
ig
n
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m
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r
ea
d
o
p
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o
n
(
R
SNM)
at
lo
w
Vd
d
[
1
6
]
.
A
n
o
th
er
8
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2
M
ar
c
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itect
u
r
e
[
1
7
]
h
as
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p
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ig
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a
n
d
1
-
m
e
m
r
is
to
r
b
ased
m
e
m
o
r
y
ce
l
l.
I
n
t
h
is
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e,
all
th
e
p
MO
S
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
s
o
f
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
SR
A
M
ar
e
r
ep
lace
d
b
y
n
M
OS
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
a
n
d
a
m
e
m
r
i
s
to
r
is
ad
d
ed
as
th
e
f
o
o
ter
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
b
etter
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
ti
m
e
d
ela
y
,
t
h
e
n
o
i
s
e
m
ar
g
i
n
a
n
d
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
ti
o
n
.
T
h
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ce
ll
is
v
er
y
m
u
ch
al
ik
e
w
it
h
t
h
e
m
e
m
o
r
y
ce
ll
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
r
ef
[
1
8
]
w
ith
o
n
e
n
M
OS
h
as
b
ee
n
r
ep
lace
d
b
y
m
e
m
r
i
s
to
r
f
o
r
b
etter
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
e
p
ap
er
is
o
r
g
a
n
ized
in
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
m
an
n
er
:
s
ec
tio
n
I
I
d
escr
ib
es
s
o
m
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
ta
l
s
o
f
m
e
m
r
is
to
r
,
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
e
m
o
r
y
m
o
d
el
i
s
e
x
p
lain
ed
in
d
etail
i
n
s
ec
tio
n
I
I
I
.
I
n
s
e
ctio
n
I
V,
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lts
a
r
e
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
w
h
ile
s
ec
tio
n
V
co
n
cl
u
d
es t
h
e
o
u
tco
m
e
o
f
t
h
is
r
esear
c
h
.
2.
B
ACK
G
RO
UND
I
n
1
9
7
1
,
L
eo
n
C
h
u
a
t
h
eo
r
etica
ll
y
d
escr
ib
ed
m
e
m
r
i
s
to
r
a
s
th
e
f
o
u
r
th
f
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
tal
e
l
e
m
en
t
o
f
elec
tr
ical
cir
cu
it
af
ter
r
esis
to
r
(
R
)
,
ca
p
ac
ito
r
(
C
)
an
d
in
d
u
c
to
r
(
L
)
[
1
9
]
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
1
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
h
i
m
,
f
r
o
m
f
o
u
r
f
u
n
d
a
m
en
tal
c
ir
cu
it
v
ar
iab
les:
v
o
lta
g
e
(
V)
,
cu
r
r
en
t
(
I
)
,
f
l
u
x
(
Φ
)
an
d
c
h
ar
g
e
(
Q)
,
s
i
x
p
o
s
s
ib
le
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
s
o
f
r
elat
io
n
s
h
ip
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
ex
is
ted
.
W
ith
r
e
s
p
ec
t
to
ti
m
e,
f
lu
x
(
Φ
)
an
d
c
h
ar
g
e
(
Q)
ar
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
v
o
lta
g
e
(
V)
an
d
C
u
r
r
en
t
(
I
)
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
T
h
r
ee
o
th
er
r
e
latio
n
s
ar
e:
Q=
C
V,
Φ
=
L
I
a
n
d
V=
I
R
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
th
e
m
is
s
in
g
s
i
x
t
h
p
o
s
s
ib
le
co
m
b
in
atio
n
w
a
s
m
ad
e
b
et
w
ee
n
c
h
ar
g
e
(
Q)
an
d
f
l
u
x
(
Φ
)
i.e
.
M
=
∂ ϕ
/ ∂q
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
ex
is
ten
ce
o
f
m
e
m
r
is
to
r
alo
n
g
w
it
h
r
esis
to
r
(
R
)
,
ca
p
ac
ito
r
(
C
)
an
d
in
d
u
cto
r
(
L
)
as a
f
o
u
r
t
h
f
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
tal
ci
r
cu
it e
le
m
en
t
Me
m
r
is
to
r
i
s
a
b
ip
o
lar
r
esis
ti
v
e
s
w
i
tch
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
as
T
iN/T
iOx
/Hf
O
x
/T
iN
m
eta
l
-
o
x
id
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
i
s
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
a
v
ital
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
i
n
m
e
m
o
r
y
d
esig
n
.
T
h
ese
m
e
m
o
r
ies
ar
e
also
k
n
o
w
n
as
r
esis
ti
v
e
R
AM
(
R
R
A
M)
.
Fo
r
w
r
ite
‘
0
’
,
SET
o
p
er
atio
n
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
,
w
h
ich
is
k
n
o
w
n
as
L
o
w
r
esi
s
ta
n
ce
s
tate
(
L
R
S)
an
d
f
o
r
w
r
ite
‘
1
’
,
R
E
SET
o
p
er
atio
n
is
ex
ec
u
ted
also
k
n
o
w
n
as
Hi
g
h
r
esi
s
tan
ce
s
tate.
R
R
A
M
ca
n
also
s
to
r
e
m
u
ltip
le
b
its
o
f
d
ata
in
a
s
in
g
le
m
e
m
o
r
y
ce
ll.
T
h
is
is
a
n
o
n
-
v
o
lat
ile
m
e
m
o
r
y
(
NVM
)
ca
n
h
o
ld
th
e
d
ata
w
h
ile
t
u
r
n
i
n
g
o
f
f
t
h
e
d
ev
ice
[
1
5
,
2
0
]
.
T
h
e
b
asic
d
ev
ice
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
o
f
a
m
e
m
r
is
to
r
is
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
i
g
u
r
e
2
.
W
h
en
p
o
s
iti
v
e
v
o
lta
g
e
i
s
ap
p
lied
at
th
e
d
o
p
ed
ter
m
i
n
al
o
f
th
e
d
ev
ice
th
e
n
th
e
le
n
g
t
h
o
f
th
e
d
o
p
ed
la
y
er
(
w
)
e
x
te
n
d
s
to
w
ar
d
s
th
e
u
n
d
o
p
ed
ar
ea
.
B
u
t
i
f
p
o
s
iti
v
e
v
o
lta
g
e
i
s
ap
p
l
ied
at
t
h
e
u
n
d
o
p
ed
s
id
e
t
h
e
n
t
h
e
le
n
g
th
(
w
)
d
ec
r
ea
s
es.
I
f
th
e
r
atio
o
f
w
/D
=
1
,
w
h
ic
h
m
ea
n
s
th
e
d
o
p
ed
r
eg
io
n
ex
te
n
d
s
f
u
ll
y
to
w
ar
d
s
th
e
to
t
al
len
g
t
h
D,
th
e
r
esis
t
iv
it
y
o
f
t
h
e
d
ev
ice
w
o
u
ld
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
lo
w
est
(
R
o
n
)
.
L
ik
e
w
i
s
e,
w
h
e
n
th
e
r
atio
o
f
w
/
D
=
0
w
h
ich
m
ea
n
s
th
e
u
n
d
o
p
ed
r
eg
io
n
ex
te
n
d
s
f
u
ll
y
to
w
ar
d
s
le
n
g
th
D,
t
h
e
to
tal
r
esis
tan
ce
w
o
u
ld
b
e
th
e
h
i
g
h
est
(
R
o
f
f
)
.
T
h
e
m
a
th
e
m
atica
l
m
o
d
el
o
f
m
e
m
r
is
to
r
o
r
m
e
m
r
i
s
tan
ce
ca
n
b
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
as [
1
3
]
:
M
(
w
)
=
{
R
o
n
.
w
/D
+
R
o
f
f
.
(
1
-
w
/D)
}
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
20
89
-
4864
I
n
t J
R
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
2
0
2
0
:
4
2
–
51
44
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Dev
ice
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
m
e
m
r
is
to
r
3.
T
H
E
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
6
T
1
M
C
E
L
L
Fig
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
cir
cu
it
o
f
6
T
1
M
n
v
S
R
A
M.
I
t
is
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
w
it
h
6
n
MO
S
t
r
an
s
is
to
r
s
an
d
1
m
e
m
r
is
to
r
.
T
h
e
t
w
o
p
MO
S
o
f
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
6
T
SR
A
M
ar
e
r
ep
lace
d
b
y
t
w
o
n
M
OS
(
T
1
,
T
2
)
,
w
h
er
e
th
e
g
ate
o
f
t
h
e
tr
a
n
s
i
s
to
r
s
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
w
i
th
s
to
r
ag
e
n
o
d
e
Q
an
d
Qb
ar
r
esp
ec
ti
v
el
y
.
T
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
T
3
an
d
T
4
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
s
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
w
i
t
h
lo
w
r
esi
s
ta
n
ce
ter
m
i
n
al
o
f
m
e
m
r
is
to
r
(
M1
)
.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
r
e
s
is
ta
n
ce
ter
m
i
n
al
o
f
m
e
m
r
is
to
r
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
g
r
o
u
n
d
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
6
T
1
M
n
v
SR
AM
ce
ll
I
n
w
r
ite
o
p
er
atio
n
,
d
ata
is
s
t
o
r
ed
in
Q
a
n
d
Qb
ar
s
to
r
ag
e
n
o
d
es
w
it
h
t
h
e
h
elp
o
f
b
itli
n
e
(
B
L
)
an
d
in
v
er
ted
b
itli
n
e
(
B
L
B
ar
)
th
r
o
u
g
h
ac
ce
s
s
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
(
T
5
,
T
6
)
.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
a
f
ter
a
w
r
ite
o
p
er
atio
n
if
Q
n
o
d
e
s
to
r
es
‘
1
’
w
h
er
ea
s
n
o
d
e
Qb
ar
s
to
r
es
‘
0
’
,
tr
a
n
s
i
s
to
r
T
1
an
d
T
4
w
ill
b
e
o
n
b
u
t
tr
a
n
s
i
s
to
r
T
2
an
d
T
3
w
ill
b
e
o
f
f
,
th
en
t
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
f
r
o
m
Vd
d
w
il
l
f
o
lllo
w
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
T
1
an
d
h
elp
s
to
m
ai
n
tai
n
th
e
h
i
g
h
v
o
lta
g
e
at
n
o
d
e
Q.
W
h
er
ea
s
Qb
ar
ca
n
n
o
t
g
et
c
h
ar
g
ed
a
n
d
also
f
i
n
d
s
a
m
e
m
r
i
s
to
r
b
ar
r
ier
to
d
is
ch
ar
g
e,
s
o
t
h
e
d
ata
r
e
m
ai
n
s
u
n
c
h
an
g
ed
.
Si
m
i
lar
l
y
if
n
o
d
e
Q
s
to
r
es
‘
0
’
an
d
Qb
ar
s
to
r
es
‘
1
’
all
t
h
e
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
s
s
tate
w
i
ll
b
e
i
n
v
er
ted
.
T
r
an
s
is
to
r
s
T
2
an
d
T
3
w
ill
b
e
o
n
b
u
t
tr
a
n
s
i
s
to
r
s
T
1
an
d
T
4
w
ill
b
e
o
f
f
.
T
h
u
s
t
h
e
d
ata
f
r
o
m
s
to
r
ag
e
n
o
d
e
is
r
ea
d
y
to
r
ea
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
at
n
o
d
es Q
a
n
d
Qb
ar
.
4.
SI
M
UL
AT
I
O
N
R
E
S
UL
T
S
AND
DIS
CUSS
I
O
NS
C
o
n
s
id
er
ab
le
s
i
m
u
latio
n
ex
p
er
i
m
en
ts
ar
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
u
s
in
g
L
T
s
p
ice
an
d
C
ad
en
ce
s
i
m
u
latio
n
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
b
y
e
m
p
lo
y
i
n
g
P
T
M
(
P
r
ed
ictiv
e
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
Mo
d
el)
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
s
a
n
d
m
e
m
r
i
s
to
r
m
o
d
el
o
f
B
io
lek
[
2
1
]
.
R
es
u
lts
o
f
s
u
cc
e
s
s
i
v
e
r
ea
d
/
w
r
ite
o
p
er
atio
n
s
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ce
ll
as
w
ell
as
co
m
p
ar
a
tiv
e
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
w
it
h
th
e
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
6
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I
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I
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ate
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u
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I
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g
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4864
6
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.
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ll p
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Fig
u
r
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1
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ated
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o
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ated
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atin
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t v
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Fig
u
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g
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o
f
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7
v
as c
o
m
p
a
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to
0
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5
v
.
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I
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u
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atin
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6
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49
Fig
u
r
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1
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.
Static p
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co
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s
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m
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a
f
ter
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f
o
r
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n
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tech
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a
t
t
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tati
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p
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in
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w
it
h
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e
i
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s
ed
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ize
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ab
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2
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o
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ates
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An
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ab
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2
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6
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7
T
S
R
A
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R
e
f
[
5
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R
e
f
[
1
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P
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W
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Nu
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Nu
m
b
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f
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s
is
to
r
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r
eq
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ed
to
d
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n
a
m
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m
o
r
y
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l
l
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ital
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ar
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C
.
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o
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e
v
elo
p
ed
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e
m
r
i
s
to
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ased
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A
M
ce
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ls
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t
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e
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les
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d
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e
m
r
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s
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6
n
MO
S
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an
s
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s
to
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d
1
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e
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r
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to
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as
s
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n
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3
.
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MO
S
tr
an
s
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s
to
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in
in
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
c
ell
w
h
ic
h
p
r
o
v
id
es b
etter
r
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l
ts
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ter
m
s
o
f
s
ilico
n
ar
ea
.
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ab
le
3
.
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o
m
p
ar
is
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to
tal
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m
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o
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en
t
f
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r
d
if
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er
e
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t
m
o
d
e
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
6T
7T
R
e
f
[
1
8
]
R
e
f
[
1
6
]
R
e
f
[
1
5
]
P
r
o
p
o
se
d
C
e
l
l
N
o
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o
f
p
M
O
S
2
2
0
2
2
0
N
o
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o
f
n
M
O
S
4
5
7
6
6
6
N
o
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o
f
me
mr
i
st
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r
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2
1
T
o
t
a
l
c
o
mp
o
n
e
n
t
6
7
7
10
10
7
4
.
8
.
Sil
ico
n a
re
a
re
qu
ire
m
ent
T
h
e
lay
o
u
ts
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
e
m
o
r
y
ce
l
l
is
d
esi
g
n
ed
with
C
ad
e
n
ce
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
to
o
l
u
s
in
g
4
5
n
m
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
n
o
d
es
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
1
6
.
T
ab
le
4
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
s
ilico
n
ar
ea
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
d
esig
n
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ce
ll
alo
n
g
w
i
th
s
o
m
e
o
th
er
m
e
m
o
r
y
ce
ll
s
[
2
5
-
2
6
]
f
o
r
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
it
is
c
lea
r
l
y
o
b
s
er
v
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
i
m
u
lated
r
es
u
lts
t
h
at
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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ter
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alo
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d
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ch
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n
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
E.
A
h
m
e
d
,
M
.
G
h
o
n
e
im
a
,
a
n
d
M
.
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ss
o
u
k
y
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ff
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ti
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l
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2
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m
e
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m
e
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m
o
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mp
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ter
S
c
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c
e
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
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ic E
n
g
i
n
e
e
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g
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
(
CEE
C),
6
t
h
.
IEE
E
,
2
0
1
4
.
[2
]
P
a
sa
n
d
i
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
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n
e
w
su
b
-
th
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sh
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ld
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S
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c
e
ll
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sig
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c
a
p
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0
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m
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"
2
1
st
Ira
n
ia
n
C
o
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fer
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n
c
e
o
n
El
e
c
trica
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(
ICEE
)
,
2
0
1
3
.
[3
]
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.
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lso
o
m
,
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ra
h
im
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a
n
d
A
.
A
.
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ro
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a
n
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g
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ADS
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t
h
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In
ter
n
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ti
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l
S
y
mp
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m
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n
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E
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2
0
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.
[4
]
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a
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ra
v
,
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sta
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le
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p
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n
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ll
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ter
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mm
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ter
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ti
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l
Co
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n
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o
n
.
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5
.
[5
]
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F
.
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h
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rif
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Isla
m
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.
N.
Bis
w
a
s,
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o
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n
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OS
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se
d
m
e
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o
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y
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e
ll
,
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ter
n
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ti
o
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l
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fer
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n
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n
In
n
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ti
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M
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isms
f
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r In
d
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st
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Ap
p
li
c
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ti
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s (
ICIM
IA)
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2
0
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.
[6
]
Y.
S
h
u
u
ich
ir
o
u
,
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S
h
u
to
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a
n
d
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.
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g
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ra
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(NV
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RA
M
)
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sin
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l
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sistiv
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s
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h
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g
d
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v
ice
s,
"
2
0
0
9
IEE
E
C
u
sto
m I
n
teg
r
a
ted
Ci
rc
u
it
s Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
.
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E
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2
0
0
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.
[7
]
A
.
S
h
y
a
m
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
S
p
e
c
i
f
ic
p
o
we
r
il
lu
stra
ti
o
n
o
f
p
ro
p
o
se
d
7
T
S
RA
M
w
it
h
6
T
S
R
A
M
u
sin
g
4
5
n
m
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
"
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n
o
sc
ien
c
e
,
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(
I
CONS
ET
),
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0
1
1
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
.
IE
EE
,
2
0
1
1
.
[8
]
S
.
G
a
u
ra
v
,
"
A
sta
b
le
a
n
d
p
o
we
r
e
ff
icie
n
t
S
RA
M
c
e
ll
,
"
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mp
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ter
,
Co
mm
u
n
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ti
o
n
a
n
d
Co
n
t
ro
l
(
IC4
),
2
0
1
5
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
.
I
EE
E
,
2
0
1
5
.
[9
]
M
.
M
a
ji
d
,
M
.
H.
M
o
a
iy
e
ri,
a
n
d
M
o
h
a
m
m
a
d
Esh
g
h
i
,
"
Ultralo
w
-
po
w
e
r
7
T
S
RA
M
c
e
ll
d
e
sig
n
b
a
se
d
o
n
CM
OS
,"
2
3
rd
Ira
n
ia
n
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
El
e
c
trica
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
.
I
EE
E
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
0
]
Bo
,
Z.
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
A
S
u
b
-
2
0
0
m
V
6
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in
0
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1
3
u
m
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,"
in
S
o
l
id
-
S
t
a
te Ci
rc
u
it
s C
o
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fer
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n
c
e
,
IS
S
CC 2
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0
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.
Dig
e
st
o
f
T
e
c
h
n
ica
l
Pa
p
e
rs
.
IEE
E
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
,
2
0
0
7
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t J
R
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o
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f
i
g
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ab
le
&
E
m
b
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Sy
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4864
6
Tr
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s
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mem
r
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b
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mem
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ll
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K
a
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r
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51
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1
]
A
.
T
o
u
q
e
e
r,
B.
Ch
e
n
g
,
a
n
d
D.
R.
Cu
m
m
in
g
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a
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it
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e
n
t
lo
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p
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e
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7
T
-
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RA
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n
f
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n
a
n
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sc
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led
tec
h
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o
l
o
g
ies
,
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1
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In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
y
mp
o
si
u
m o
n
Qu
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e
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tro
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De
sig
n
(
IS
QED),
IEE
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2
0
1
0
.
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2
]
J.
S
in
g
h
,
D.K.
P
.
,
S
.
Ho
ll
is,
a
n
d
S
.
P
.
M
o
h
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n
ty
,
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A
sin
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n
d
e
d
6
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S
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e
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e
sig
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e
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p
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li
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ti
o
n
s
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IEI
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e
c
tro
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Exp
re
ss
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v
o
l.
5
,
n
o
.
1
8
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p
p
.
7
5
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7
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5
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0
0
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[1
3
]
Ch
e
n
g
,
B.
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
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m
p
a
c
t
o
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li
n
g
,
"
in
S
o
li
d
-
S
ta
te
De
v
ice
Res
e
a
rc
h
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
.
E
S
S
DERC
2
0
0
6
.
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
o
f
t
h
e
3
6
th
Eu
r
o
p
e
a
n
,
2
0
0
6
.
[1
4
]
K.
S
h
a
rif
,
R.
Isla
m
a
n
d
S
.
N.
Bisw
a
s
,
"
4
t
ra
n
sisto
r
a
n
d
2
M
e
m
risto
r
b
a
se
d
m
e
m
o
r
y
,"
IEE
E
S
y
mp
o
siu
m
o
n
Co
m
p
u
ter
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s &
In
d
u
stria
l
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
(
IS
CAIE
)
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
5
]
A
.
P
a
rid
h
i,
a
n
d
S
.
Da
sg
u
p
ta
,
"
A
c
o
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
stu
d
y
o
f
6
T
,
8
T
a
n
d
9
T
d
e
c
a
n
a
n
o
S
RA
M
c
e
ll
,
"
IEE
E
S
y
mp
o
si
u
m
o
n
In
d
u
stria
l
E
lec
tro
n
ics
&
Ap
p
li
c
a
t
io
n
s,
I
S
IEA
2
0
0
9
.
IEE
E
,
v
o
l
.
2
,
2
0
0
9
.
[1
6
]
L
.
Ch
u
a
,
"
M
e
m
rist
or
-
th
e
m
iss
in
g
c
ircu
it
e
le
m
e
n
t,
"
Cir
c
u
it
T
h
e
o
ry
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l.
1
8
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
5
0
7
-
5
1
9
,
1
9
7
1
.
[1
7
]
L
.
Ch
a
n
g
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
A
n
8
T
-
S
RA
M
f
o
r
v
a
riab
il
it
y
to
lera
n
c
e
a
n
d
l
o
w
-
v
o
lt
a
g
e
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
in
h
ig
h
-
p
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
c
a
c
h
e
s,
"
S
o
li
d
-
S
t
a
te Ci
rc
u
i
ts,
IEE
E
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
,
v
o
l.
4
3
,
n
o
.
4,
p
p
.
9
5
6
-
9
6
3
,
2
0
0
8
.
[1
8
]
K.
T
a
k
e
d
a
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
A
re
a
d
-
sta
ti
c
-
n
o
ise
-
m
a
rg
in
-
f
re
e
S
R
A
M
c
e
ll
f
o
r
lo
w
-
V
DD
a
n
d
h
ig
h
-
sp
e
e
d
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,"
S
o
li
d
-
S
ta
te Ci
rc
u
it
s,
IEE
E
J
o
u
rn
a
l
,
v
o
l.
4
1
,
n
o
.
1,
p
p.
1
1
3
-
1
2
1
,
2
0
0
6
.
[1
9
]
Y.
Ho
,
G
.
Hu
a
n
g
,
a
n
d
P
.
L
i,
"
D
y
n
a
m
ic
a
l
p
ro
p
e
rti
e
s
a
n
d
d
e
sig
n
a
n
a
ly
sis
f
o
r
n
o
n
v
o
latil
e
m
e
m
risto
r
m
e
m
o
ries
,"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Circ
u
it
s
a
n
d
S
y
st
e
ms
I:
Reg
u
la
r
Pa
p
e
rs
,
v
o
l.
5
8
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
7
2
4
-
7
3
6
,
2
0
1
1
.
[2
0
]
L
.
O.
Ch
u
a
a
n
d
S
.
M
.
Ka
n
g
,
"
M
e
m
risti
v
e
d
e
v
ice
s
a
n
d
sy
st
e
m
s,
"
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
t
h
e
IEE
E
,
v
o
l.
6
4
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
0
9
-
2
2
3
,
1
9
7
6
.
[2
1
]
Z.
Bio
lek
,
D.
Bi
o
lek
,
a
n
d
V
.
B
io
l
k
o
v
a
,
"
S
P
ICE
m
o
d
e
l
o
f
m
e
m
rist
o
r
w
it
h
n
o
n
li
n
e
a
r
d
o
p
a
n
t
d
rif
t,
"
Ra
d
io
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
1
8
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
1
0
-
2
1
4
,
2
0
0
9
.
[2
2
]
C.
M
.
F
a
n
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
En
d
u
ra
n
c
e
-
a
w
a
r
e
c
ircu
it
d
e
sig
n
s
o
f
n
o
n
v
o
lat
il
e
lo
g
ic
a
n
d
n
o
n
v
o
latil
e
S
RA
M
u
sin
g
re
sistiv
e
m
e
m
o
r
y
(
m
e
m
risto
r)
d
e
v
ice
,
"
1
7
t
h
Asia
a
n
d
S
o
u
t
h
Pa
c
if
ic De
sig
n
Au
to
m
a
ti
o
n
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
.
IEE
E
,
2
0
1
2
.
[2
3
]
G
.
S
a
in
i,
"
A
sta
b
l
e
a
n
d
p
o
w
e
r
e
ff
icie
n
t
S
R
A
M
c
e
ll
,
"
Co
mp
u
t
e
r,
Co
mm
u
n
ica
t
io
n
a
n
d
C
o
n
tr
o
l,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
.
IEE
E
,
2
0
1
5
.
[2
4
]
P
.
M
.
Ku
m
a
r,
e
t
a
l
.
,
"7
-
T
ra
n
sisto
r
2
-
m
e
m
risto
r
b
a
se
d
n
o
n
-
v
o
latil
e
sta
ti
c
r
a
n
d
o
m
a
c
c
e
ss
m
e
m
o
r
y
c
e
ll
d
e
sig
n
,
"
On
li
n
e
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Gr
e
e
n
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
(
IC
-
GET
).
IEE
E
,
2
0
1
5
.
[2
5
]
S
.
G
a
u
ra
v
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
A
sta
b
le
a
n
d
p
o
w
e
r
e
ff
icie
n
t
S
RA
M
c
e
ll
,
"
Co
mp
u
ter
,
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Co
n
tro
l
(
IC4
),
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
.
I
EE
E
,
2
0
1
5
.
[2
6
]
E.
S
e
e
v
in
c
k
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
S
tatic
-
n
o
ise
m
a
rg
in
a
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
M
OS
S
R
A
M
c
e
ll
s,"
IEE
E
J
.
S
o
li
d
-
S
ta
te
Circ
u
i
ts
,
v
o
l.
2
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
7
4
8
-
7
5
4
,
1
9
8
7
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S
O
F
AUTH
O
RS
Ka
z
i
F
a
ti
m
a
S
h
a
rif
re
c
e
i
v
e
d
h
e
r
M
.
S
c
.
d
e
g
re
e
f
ro
m
A
h
sa
n
u
ll
a
h
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
Dh
a
k
a
,
Ba
n
g
lad
e
sh
in
F
e
b
r
u
a
ry
2
0
1
8
.
S
h
e
c
o
m
p
let
e
d
h
e
r
g
ra
d
u
a
ti
o
n
i
n
B.
S
c
.
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
th
e
sa
m
e
A
h
sa
n
u
ll
a
h
U
n
iv
e
rsity
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
in
2
0
1
3
.
P
re
se
n
tl
y
sh
e
is
o
c
c
u
p
ied
a
s
a
re
se
a
rc
h
stu
d
e
n
t
a
n
d
p
a
rt
-
ti
m
e
lec
tu
re
r
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
t
th
e
sa
m
e
in
stit
u
te
w
h
e
re
sh
e
g
o
t
g
ra
d
u
a
ted
.
M
o
re
o
v
e
r,
sh
e
is
se
rv
in
g
a
s
a
n
in
stru
c
to
r
in
t
h
e
De
p
a
rtm
e
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
in
A
h
sa
n
u
ll
a
h
In
stit
u
te
o
f
T
e
c
h
n
ica
l
a
n
d
V
o
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
E
d
u
c
a
t
io
n
a
n
d
T
ra
in
in
g
,
Dh
a
k
a
,
Ba
n
g
la
d
e
sh
.
He
r
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
c
o
n
tain
S
tatic
Ra
n
d
o
m
Ac
c
e
ss
M
e
m
o
r
y
(S
R
A
M
)
d
e
sig
n
,
e
m
b
e
d
d
e
d
V
L
S
I
c
ircu
it
d
e
sig
n
,
a
n
d
tes
ti
n
g
,
c
ircu
it
d
e
sig
n
u
sin
g
M
e
m
risto
r,
e
tc.
T
h
ro
u
g
h
o
u
t
h
e
r
M
a
ste
r’s
th
e
sis,
sh
e
h
a
s
a
tt
e
n
d
e
d
a
n
d
p
re
se
n
ted
h
e
r
w
o
rk
a
t
se
v
e
ra
l
re
n
o
w
n
e
d
IEE
E
c
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
s.
A
m
o
n
g
th
o
se
c
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
s,
sh
e
a
c
h
iev
e
d
tw
o
b
e
st p
a
p
e
r
a
wa
rd
s fo
r
h
e
r
w
o
rk
.
S
h
e
is a S
t
u
d
e
n
t
M
e
m
b
e
r
o
f
IEE
E.
E
m
a
il
a
d
d
re
ss
–
k
a
z
i.
f
a
ti
m
a
.
sh
a
rif
@
g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
S
a
ty
e
n
d
ra
N.
Bisw
a
s
is
a
P
ro
f
e
s
so
r
a
n
d
C
h
a
irm
a
n
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
a
t
A
h
sa
n
u
ll
a
h
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
Dh
a
k
a
,
Ba
n
g
lad
e
sh
.
He
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
B.
S
c
.
d
e
g
re
e
in
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
e
lec
tro
n
ic
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
th
e
B
a
n
g
lad
e
sh
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
Dh
a
k
a
,
B
a
n
g
lad
e
sh
in
1
9
9
1
.
He
a
lso
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
is
M
.
S
c
.
a
n
d
P
h
.
D.
d
e
g
re
e
s
in
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
e
lec
tro
n
ic
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
th
e
Ya
m
a
g
u
c
h
i
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
Ya
m
a
g
u
c
h
i,
Ja
p
a
n
i
n
1
9
9
6
a
n
d
1
9
9
9
,
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
l
y
.
Dr.
Bis
w
a
s
wa
s
a
n
R
&
D
En
g
in
e
e
r
w
it
h
th
e
G
e
n
e
ra
l
C
y
b
e
rn
e
ti
c
s,
In
c
.
,
T
o
ro
n
t
o
,
Ca
n
a
d
a
.
F
ro
m
2
0
0
3
t
o
2
0
0
5
,
h
e
w
a
s
a
Re
se
a
r
c
h
e
r
a
t
th
e
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
Ottaw
a
,
Otta
wa
,
Ca
n
a
d
a
.
He
wa
s
a
n
A
ss
istan
t
P
ro
f
e
ss
o
r
o
f
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
a
t
Ge
o
rg
ia
S
o
u
th
e
rn
Un
i
v
e
rsit
y
,
US
A
f
ro
m
2
0
0
5
t
o
200
9
.
Dr
.
Bisw
a
s
se
r
v
e
d
a
s
a
n
A
s
so
c
iate
P
r
o
f
e
ss
o
r
a
t
No
rf
o
lk
S
tate
Un
iv
e
rsity
,
V
A
,
US
A
f
ro
m
2
0
0
9
t
o
2
0
1
1
.
He
w
a
s
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