I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
Rec
o
nfig
ura
ble a
nd
E
m
be
dd
e
d Sy
s
t
e
m
s
(
I
J
R
E
S)
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
3
,
No
v
em
b
er
201
9
,
p
p
.
1
5
1
~
1
6
1
I
SS
N
: 2
0
8
9
-
4864
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/i
j
r
es.
v
8
.
i3
.
p
p
1
5
1
-
1
6
1
151
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ia
e
s
co
r
e.
co
m/jo
u
r
n
a
ls
/in
d
ex
.
p
h
p
/
I
JR
E
S
Desig
ning
ALU u
sing
G
DI
m
e
thod
M
o
ha
m
m
a
drez
a
F
a
da
ei
M
S
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
El
e
c
tro
n
ic m
a
jo
r,
De
p
a
rtm
e
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
Isla
m
ic
A
z
a
d
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
M
e
h
riz
b
ra
n
c
h
,
Ira
n
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
J
u
n
2
9
,
2
0
1
9
R
ev
i
s
ed
A
ug
2
7
,
2
0
1
9
A
cc
ep
ted
Sep
8
,
2
0
1
9
A
s
CM
OS
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
is
c
o
n
ti
n
u
o
u
sly
b
e
c
o
m
in
g
s
m
a
ll
e
r
a
n
d
s
m
a
ll
e
r
in
n
a
n
o
sc
a
le
re
g
i
m
e
s,
a
n
d
c
ircu
it
re
sista
n
c
e
to
c
h
a
n
g
e
s
in
th
e
p
ro
c
e
ss
f
o
r
th
e
d
e
sig
n
o
f
th
e
c
ircu
it
is
a
m
a
jo
r
o
b
sta
c
le.
S
to
ra
g
e
e
le
m
e
n
ts
su
c
h
a
s
m
e
m
o
r
y
a
n
d
f
li
p
-
f
lo
p
s
a
re
p
a
rti
c
u
larly
v
u
ln
e
ra
b
le
to
th
e
c
h
a
n
g
e
p
ro
c
e
ss
.
P
o
w
e
r
c
o
n
su
m
p
ti
o
n
is
a
lso
a
n
o
t
h
e
r
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
in
to
d
a
y
'
s
Dig
it
a
l
IC
De
sig
n
.
In
m
o
d
e
rn
p
ro
c
e
ss
o
rs,
th
e
re
a
re
a
lar
g
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
tran
sisto
rs,
m
o
re
th
a
n
a
b
il
li
o
n
tran
sisto
rs,
w
h
ich
in
c
r
e
a
se
s
th
e
te
m
p
e
r
a
tu
re
a
n
d
th
e
b
re
a
k
d
o
w
n
o
f
it
s
p
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
.
T
h
e
re
f
o
re
,
c
ircu
it
d
e
sig
n
w
it
h
lo
w
p
o
w
e
r
c
o
n
su
m
p
ti
o
n
is
a
c
rit
ica
l
n
e
e
d
f
o
r
in
teg
ra
ted
c
ir
c
u
it
s
to
d
a
y
.
In
th
is
stu
d
y
,
we
d
e
a
l
w
it
h
G
DI
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
f
o
r
d
e
sig
n
in
g
l
o
g
ic
a
n
d
a
rit
h
m
e
ti
c
c
ircu
it
s.
W
e
sh
o
w
th
a
t
t
h
is
lo
g
ic
in
a
d
d
it
i
o
n
to
l
o
w
p
o
w
e
r
c
o
n
su
m
p
ti
o
n
h
a
s
li
tt
le
c
o
m
p
lex
i
ty
so
th
a
t
a
rit
h
m
e
ti
c
a
n
d
lo
g
ic
c
ircu
i
ts
c
a
n
b
e
im
p
lem
e
n
ted
w
it
h
fe
w
e
r
t
ra
n
sisto
rs.
V
a
rio
u
s
c
ircu
it
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
a
d
d
e
rs,
d
if
f
e
r
e
n
ti
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
m
u
lt
ip
le
x
e
rs,
e
tc.
h
a
v
e
b
e
e
n
d
e
sig
n
e
d
a
n
d
im
p
le
m
e
n
ted
u
si
n
g
th
e
se
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s,
a
n
d
p
u
b
li
sh
e
d
in
v
a
rio
u
s
a
rti
c
les
.
In
t
h
is
stu
d
y
,
w
e
re
v
ie
w
a
n
d
e
v
a
lu
a
te
th
e
a
d
v
a
n
tag
e
s
a
n
d
d
isa
d
v
a
n
tag
e
s o
f
th
e
se
c
ircu
it
s.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
C
MO
S i
n
te
g
r
ated
cir
cu
its
GDI
tech
n
iq
u
e
L
o
g
ic
a
n
d
ar
ith
m
etic
cir
c
u
its
L
o
w
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
Co
p
y
rig
h
t
©
2
0
1
9
In
stit
u
te o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
S
c
ien
c
e
.
Al
l
rig
h
ts
re
se
rv
e
d
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Mo
h
a
m
m
ad
r
ez
a
Fad
ae
i
,
MS
in
E
lectr
ical
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
i
n
g
,
E
lectr
o
n
ic
m
aj
o
r
,
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t o
f
E
lectr
ical
an
d
E
lectr
o
n
ics
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
,
I
s
la
m
ic
A
za
d
U
n
iv
er
s
it
y
Me
h
r
iz
b
r
an
ch
,
Yaz
d
,
I
r
an
.
E
m
ail:
m
f
ad
ae
i.ia
u
@
g
m
ai
l.c
o
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
A
d
v
an
ce
s
in
lo
w
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
an
d
h
i
g
h
s
p
ee
d
o
f
em
b
ed
d
ed
s
y
s
te
m
s
s
u
c
h
as
m
o
b
ile
p
h
o
n
es,
lap
to
p
s
an
d
s
o
o
n
h
a
v
e
m
ad
e
V
L
SI
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
b
ec
o
m
e
s
m
aller
a
n
d
s
m
a
ller
at
th
e
n
an
o
s
ca
le,
s
o
t
h
at
m
a
n
y
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
ca
n
b
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
ed
o
n
a
ch
ip
[
1
]
.
P
r
ev
io
u
s
l
y
,
C
MO
S,
T
G,
an
d
PT
L
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
w
er
e
u
s
ed
to
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
a
n
d
lo
g
ic
cir
cu
it
s
,
b
u
t
n
o
w
ad
a
y
s
a
n
e
w
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
ca
lled
in
f
ilt
r
ato
r
s
g
ate
o
r
GDI
h
as
s
o
l
v
ed
p
r
o
b
lem
s
o
f
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
t
io
n
,
s
p
ee
d
,
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
an
d
s
o
o
n
[
1
]
.
GDI
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
a
lo
w
-
p
o
w
er
d
esig
n
i
n
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e.
T
h
is
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
is
v
er
y
s
i
m
ilar
to
C
M
OS
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
b
u
t
w
it
h
it
s
h
e
lp
co
m
p
le
x
f
u
n
ct
io
n
s
w
it
h
f
e
w
er
tr
a
n
s
i
s
to
r
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
C
MO
S
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
ca
n
b
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
.
T
h
is
m
et
h
o
d
en
ab
les
u
s
to
d
e
s
ig
n
cir
c
u
its
w
it
h
h
ig
h
s
p
ee
d
,
lo
w
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
an
d
f
e
w
er
tr
a
n
s
i
s
to
r
s
.
I
n
th
i
s
ch
ap
ter
,
w
e
r
ev
ie
w
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
d
o
n
e
in
t
h
is
r
e
g
ar
d
,
an
d
cir
cu
its
d
es
ig
n
ed
w
it
h
th
i
s
n
e
w
tech
n
iq
u
e.
I
n
cr
ea
s
e
in
t
h
e
s
p
ee
d
an
d
r
ed
u
ctio
n
i
n
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
in
d
ig
ita
l
in
te
g
r
ated
cir
cu
it
s
h
as
al
w
a
y
s
b
ee
n
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
a
m
a
in
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e,
s
o
t
h
at
in
r
ec
en
t
y
ea
r
s
,
ex
ten
s
iv
e
r
esear
c
h
h
as
b
ee
n
d
o
n
e
in
t
h
is
ar
ea
.
W
ith
th
e
ad
v
a
n
ce
m
e
n
t
o
f
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
r
ed
u
ctio
n
i
n
th
e
s
ize
o
f
c
h
ip
s
,
t
h
e
ch
ip
p
o
w
er
d
en
s
it
y
(
p
o
w
er
p
er
u
n
it
ar
ea
)
h
as
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
tl
y
.
Du
e
to
th
e
h
i
g
h
co
s
t
o
f
u
s
i
n
g
co
o
lin
g
o
n
t
h
e
ch
ip
s
,
th
e
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
ce
o
f
r
ed
u
ci
n
g
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
i
n
d
ig
i
tal
in
t
eg
r
ated
cir
cu
its
i
s
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
.
W
ith
th
e
r
ap
id
ad
v
an
ce
m
e
n
t
in
m
a
n
u
f
ac
t
u
r
i
n
g
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
o
f
s
e
m
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
d
ev
ices,
ch
ip
d
en
s
it
y
an
d
s
p
ee
d
h
av
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
.
C
o
n
tr
o
lli
n
g
co
n
s
u
m
ed
p
o
w
e
r
in
p
o
r
tab
le
d
ev
ices
is
a
f
u
n
d
a
m
en
ta
l
is
s
u
e.
Hig
h
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
t
io
n
r
ed
u
ce
s
b
atter
y
li
f
e
o
n
th
e
s
e
d
ev
i
ce
s
.
R
ed
u
c
tio
n
o
f
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
e
s
is
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
ev
e
n
f
o
r
th
e
n
o
n
-
p
o
r
tab
le
d
ev
ice
b
ec
au
s
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
lo
s
s
es
in
cr
e
ases
p
ac
k
ag
in
g
d
en
s
it
y
a
n
d
th
e
co
s
t
o
f
co
o
lin
g
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
9
-
4864
I
n
t J
R
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
3
,
No
v
em
b
er
2019
:
151
–
1
6
1
152
P
o
r
tab
le
elec
tr
o
n
ic
d
ev
ices
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
co
m
p
lex
it
y
o
f
th
e
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
e
co
n
tai
n
m
o
r
e
t
h
a
n
o
n
e
V
L
SI
c
h
ip
.
Mo
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
lo
s
s
es
in
a
p
o
r
tab
le
elec
tr
o
n
ic
d
ev
ice
in
cl
u
d
es
n
o
n
-
d
i
g
ital
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
.
E
f
f
ec
tiv
e
tech
n
iq
u
es
f
o
r
r
ed
u
cin
g
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
e
s
i
n
s
u
c
h
s
y
s
te
m
s
th
at
ar
e
r
elate
d
to
th
e
d
is
co
n
ti
n
u
at
io
n
o
r
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
lea
k
a
g
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
i
s
ca
lled
d
y
n
a
m
ic
p
o
w
er
m
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t.
I
n
t
h
e
o
l
d
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
s
ev
er
al
d
y
n
a
m
ic
p
o
w
er
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
s
ch
e
m
es
m
a
y
b
e
u
s
ed
,
in
te
g
r
atin
g
w
h
ic
h
is
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
an
d
m
a
y
n
ee
d
to
b
e
r
ep
ea
t
m
a
n
y
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
j
ec
ts
an
d
d
eb
u
g
g
i
n
g
.
I
C
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
h
a
s
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
a
n
d
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
t
h
e
t
y
p
e
o
f
ci
r
cu
it
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
First,
s
w
itc
h
in
g
o
r
d
y
n
a
m
i
c
p
o
w
er
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
b
ec
o
m
es
d
o
m
i
n
an
t
d
u
r
i
n
g
ac
ti
v
e
m
o
d
e
o
p
er
atio
n
.
Seco
n
d
l
y
,
th
er
e
ar
e
t
w
o
i
n
itial
s
o
u
r
ce
s
o
f
t
h
e
leak
a
g
e
:
ac
tiv
e
leak
a
g
e
an
d
s
ta
n
d
b
y
lea
k
ag
e
m
o
d
e.
Stan
d
b
y
lea
k
a
g
e
m
a
y
b
ec
o
m
e
s
m
al
ler
th
a
n
ac
ti
v
e
lea
k
a
g
e
b
y
ch
an
g
i
n
g
b
o
d
y
b
ias m
a
y
o
r
in
ter
m
itte
n
t
o
u
tag
e
s
.
R
ed
u
ci
n
g
t
h
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
v
o
lta
g
e
(
VDD)
is
p
er
h
ap
s
th
e
m
o
s
t
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
w
a
y
o
f
s
av
in
g
p
o
w
er
d
u
e
to
s
q
u
a
r
e
d
ep
en
d
en
ce
o
f
ac
tiv
e
p
o
w
er
o
f
d
ig
ital
cir
cu
it
to
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
.
Un
f
o
r
tu
n
atel
y
,
r
ed
u
cin
g
V
DD
r
ed
u
ce
s
d
ev
ice
s
p
ee
d
b
ec
au
s
e
g
ate
s
tar
ter
v
o
ltag
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
s
VGS
VT
.
T
o
d
ea
l
w
it
h
th
i
s
p
r
o
b
lem
,
an
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
o
n
VDD
an
d
t
h
e
least
r
ed
u
ce
d
VDD
is
u
s
ed
to
m
ee
t
t
h
e
s
p
ee
d
n
ee
d
o
f
o
r
b
ital
v
elo
cit
y
.
R
ed
u
ctio
n
in
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
,
in
an
y
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
,
h
elp
s
r
ed
u
ce
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
e
s
in
d
y
n
a
m
ic
C
MO
S
lo
g
ic
cir
cu
its
.
R
ed
u
ctio
n
i
n
v
o
ltag
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
t
h
e
d
ela
y
o
f
g
ates
u
n
les
s
t
h
e
th
r
es
h
o
ld
v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
s
r
ed
u
ce
s
t
h
at
i
n
c
r
ea
s
es
leak
a
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
tr
an
s
is
to
r
.
T
h
u
s
,
VDD
r
ed
u
ct
io
n
r
ed
u
ce
s
d
y
n
a
m
ic
p
o
w
er
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
,
b
u
t i
n
cr
ea
s
e
s
th
e
s
tatic
p
o
w
er
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
er
e
is
a
clea
r
r
ec
o
n
ciliatio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
o
f
f
-
s
ta
te
l
ea
k
ag
e
(
s
tatic
p
o
w
er
)
a
n
d
ac
ti
v
e
p
o
w
er
(
d
y
n
a
m
ic
p
o
w
er
)
,
f
o
r
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
t
h
at
r
es
u
lt
in
t
h
e
ca
r
ef
u
l
s
elec
t
io
n
o
f
VT
an
d
VDD.
Dev
ice
i
n
te
g
r
atio
n
lead
s
to
a
co
m
b
in
at
io
n
o
f
m
an
y
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
o
n
a
s
in
g
le
c
h
ip
,
s
o
th
e
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
th
e
o
p
ti
m
u
m
a
n
d
ap
p
licab
le
p
o
in
t
o
f
VT
an
d
VDD
f
o
r
al
l
cir
cu
it
b
lo
ck
s
o
n
a
c
h
ip
ar
e
h
ar
d
an
d
d
if
f
ic
u
lt.
As a
r
esu
lt,
d
esi
g
n
i
n
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
es c
a
n
ch
a
n
g
e
w
i
th
cir
c
u
it b
l
o
ck
s
.
As
C
MO
S
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
is
c
o
n
tin
u
o
u
s
l
y
b
ec
o
m
in
g
s
m
all
er
an
d
s
m
aller
i
n
n
a
n
o
s
ca
l
e
r
eg
i
m
e
s
,
an
d
cir
cu
it
r
e
s
is
ta
n
ce
to
c
h
an
g
e
s
i
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
o
r
th
e
d
esi
g
n
o
f
t
h
e
cir
cu
it
is
a
m
aj
o
r
o
b
s
tacle
.
Sto
r
ag
e
ele
m
e
n
ts
s
u
c
h
as
m
e
m
o
r
y
a
n
d
f
lip
-
f
lo
p
s
ar
e
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
v
u
l
n
er
ab
le
to
th
e
ch
an
g
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
P
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
t
io
n
i
s
al
s
o
an
o
t
h
er
ch
al
len
g
e
i
n
to
d
ay
's
D
ig
ital
I
C
De
s
ig
n
.
I
n
m
o
d
er
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
s
,
th
er
e
ar
e
a
lar
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
s
,
m
o
r
e
th
an
a
b
illi
o
n
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
s
,
w
h
ic
h
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
th
e
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
an
d
th
e
b
r
ea
k
d
o
w
n
o
f
it
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
cir
cu
i
t
d
esi
g
n
w
i
th
lo
w
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
ti
o
n
is
a
cr
itica
l
n
ee
d
f
o
r
in
teg
r
ated
cir
c
u
its
to
d
a
y
.
I
n
t
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
,
w
e
d
ea
l
w
it
h
G
DI
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
f
o
r
d
esi
g
n
i
n
g
l
o
g
ic
a
n
d
ar
ith
m
eti
c
cir
cu
its
.
W
e
s
h
o
w
t
h
at
th
is
lo
g
ic
in
ad
d
itio
n
to
lo
w
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
h
a
s
litt
le
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
s
o
t
h
at
ar
ith
m
etic
a
n
d
lo
g
ic
cir
c
u
its
ca
n
b
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
w
it
h
f
e
w
er
tr
a
n
s
i
s
to
r
s
.
Var
io
u
s
cir
cu
its
s
u
ch
a
s
ad
d
er
s
,
d
if
f
er
e
n
tiatio
n
an
d
m
u
lt
ip
lex
er
s
,
etc.
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
d
esi
g
n
ed
an
d
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
u
s
in
g
th
e
s
e
tech
n
iq
u
es,
an
d
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
in
v
ar
io
u
s
ar
ticl
es.
2.
M
AT
E
RIAL
S AN
D
M
E
T
H
O
DS
2
.
1
.
G
DI
t
ec
hn
iqu
e
s
GDI
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
b
ased
o
n
u
s
in
g
a
s
i
m
p
le
ce
ll
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
A
t
f
ir
s
t
g
la
n
ce
,
t
h
is
b
asic
ce
ll
is
th
e
s
a
m
e
a
s
a
C
MO
S i
n
v
er
t
er
,
b
u
t th
er
e
ar
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
m
:
-
A
G
DI
b
ase
ce
ll
h
a
s
f
o
u
r
en
tr
ies
th
at
in
cl
u
d
e
a
G
i
n
p
u
t
(
co
m
m
o
n
g
ate
o
f
P
MO
S
a
n
d
NM
OS
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
)
,
P
in
p
u
t
(
P
MO
S
s
o
u
r
ce
)
,
N
i
n
p
u
t
(
NM
OS
s
o
u
r
ce
)
i
n
p
u
t
a
n
d
D
in
p
u
t
(
th
e
co
m
m
o
n
d
r
ai
n
o
f
NM
O
S
a
n
d
P
MO
S).
-
T
h
e
b
o
d
ies
o
f
b
o
th
P
MO
S
an
d
NM
OS
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
ar
e
co
n
n
e
cted
to
P
an
d
N
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
I
n
t
h
is
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e,
N,
P
an
d
D
m
a
y
b
e
u
s
ed
b
o
th
as
in
p
u
t
a
n
d
as
o
u
tp
u
t
d
u
e
to
th
e
cir
cu
it
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e.
I
t
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
n
o
ted
th
at
th
er
e
is
n
o
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
r
ea
lizatio
n
o
f
th
is
i
s
s
u
e
in
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
s
i
n
g
le
s
tan
d
ar
d
w
e
lls
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
it
ca
n
b
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
in
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
s
u
c
h
a
s
t
w
i
n
h
o
les,
C
MO
S
o
r
S
OI
.
T
a
b
le
1
s
h
o
w
s
h
o
w
a
s
i
m
p
le
c
h
an
g
e
i
n
co
m
b
i
n
ati
o
n
o
f
in
p
u
ts
o
f
a
s
te
m
ce
ll
G
DI
g
et
s
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
o
u
tp
u
t
s
w
it
h
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
B
o
o
l
ea
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
.
A
s
is
s
p
ec
if
ied
i
n
T
ab
le
1
,
w
e
ca
n
s
e
e
th
at
b
y
u
s
in
g
t
h
ese
t
w
o
s
i
m
p
le
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
,
o
n
e
ca
n
i
m
p
le
m
en
t
co
m
p
lex
f
u
n
ct
io
n
s
s
u
ch
a
s
Ma
ltes
e
m
u
lt
ip
lex
er
.
I
n
GDI
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
s
,
u
s
i
n
g
f
e
w
e
r
g
ates
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
d
esig
n
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
,
w
h
ich
,
i
n
tu
r
n
,
w
ill
h
av
e
f
e
w
er
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
an
d
less
p
o
w
er
w
aste
co
m
p
a
r
ed
to
d
esig
n
i
n
g
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
w
it
h
C
MO
S
a
n
d
P
T
L
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
th
ese
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
i
n
v
ar
io
u
s
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
r
eq
u
ir
es
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
6
t
o
1
2
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
,
b
u
t
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
GDI
t
ec
h
n
iq
u
e
allo
w
s
u
s
to
d
o
th
e
in
ten
d
ed
d
esig
n
b
ased
o
n
u
s
i
n
g
f
e
w
er
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
s
an
d
th
i
s
b
r
in
g
s
ab
o
u
t
p
o
w
er
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
,
s
p
ee
d
u
p
,
an
d
r
ed
u
ct
io
n
o
f
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
o
f
B
o
o
lean
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
m
u
lti
-
i
n
p
u
t
g
ates c
an
b
e
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
b
y
co
m
b
i
n
in
g
s
ev
er
al
G
DI
ce
ll
s.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
R
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2089
-
4864
D
esig
n
in
g
A
LU u
s
in
g
GDI
me
th
o
d
(
Mo
h
a
mma
d
r
eza
F
a
d
a
ei
)
153
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
B
ase
ce
lls
o
f
GDI
T
ab
le
1
.
Ma
k
in
g
s
o
m
e
lo
g
ic
f
u
n
ct
io
n
s
w
i
th
G
DI
ce
lls
L
o
g
i
c
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
s
D
G
P
N
F1
B
A
A
B
„
0
‟
F2
B
A
A
„
1
‟
B
OR
A
+
B
A
B
„
1
‟
A
N
D
AB
A
„
0
‟
B
M
U
X
AC
B
A
A
B
C
NOT
A
A
„
1
‟
„
0
‟
2
.
2
.
Desig
nin
g
AL
U
w
it
h G
DI t
ec
hn
iq
ue
E
x
a
m
p
le
s
o
f
GDI
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
ab
le
1
ar
e
o
n
ly
t
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
s
in
g
le
-
i
n
p
u
t
C
M
O
S
in
v
er
ter
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
to
a
th
r
ee
-
in
p
u
t
G
DI
ce
ll
s
o
th
a
t
th
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tat
io
n
o
f
co
m
p
lete
l
o
g
ic
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
ca
n
b
e
r
ea
lized
w
it
h
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
s
.
I
n
f
ac
t,
th
i
s
m
et
h
o
d
ca
n
b
e
d
ef
in
ed
in
to
a
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
lete
a
n
d
m
o
r
e
g
en
er
al
f
o
r
m
.
E
x
ten
s
io
n
o
f
C
MO
S
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
w
it
h
n
i
n
p
u
t
to
GDI
ce
ll
o
f
n
+
2
in
p
u
t
ca
n
b
e
r
ea
lized
b
y
cr
ea
tio
n
o
f
a
p
in
p
u
t
i
n
s
te
ad
o
f
V
DD
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
l
y
i
n
P
MO
S
b
lo
ck
o
f
a
C
M
OS
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
e
a
n
d
an
N
i
n
p
u
t
in
s
tead
o
f
V
SS
in
NM
O
as s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
g
en
er
aliza
tio
n
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
b
y
:
(
1
)
No
w
,
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
lo
g
ic
g
ates
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
GDI
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
p
r
esen
ted
h
er
e.
Fo
r
c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
th
e
g
a
tes
i
n
C
MO
S
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
o
r
tr
an
s
f
er
g
ate
o
r
T
G,
an
d
tr
an
s
f
er
g
ate
NM
OS
o
r
N
-
P
G
is
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
.
T
h
ese
g
ate
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
d
esi
g
n
ed
w
it
h
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
p
o
s
s
ib
le.
T
ab
le
2
co
m
p
ar
es
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
c
ir
cu
it
d
esig
n
ed
w
i
th
GDI
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
t
o
cir
cu
it i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
w
i
th
C
MO
S tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
I
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
a
d
d
er
cir
cu
it
w
it
h
GDI
tech
n
iq
u
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
9
-
4864
I
n
t J
R
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
3
,
No
v
em
b
er
2019
:
151
–
1
6
1
154
T
ab
le
2
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
b
et
w
ee
n
GDI
an
d
C
MO
S
s
ta
m
d
ar
d
D
e
si
g
n
i
n
g
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
P
o
w
e
r
(
p
W
)
P
D
F
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
t
r
a
n
si
s
t
o
r
s
G
D
I
1
0
8
/
5
1
3
7
/
8
16
C
M
O
S
2
8
2
.
4
2
5
4
.
1
6
36
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
3
.
1
.
Desig
nin
g
dy
na
m
ic
lo
g
i
c
circ
uit
Hig
h
-
s
p
ee
d
cir
cu
it
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
(
HS0
)
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
is
cir
cu
i
t
i
n
cl
u
d
es
a
r
ese
t
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
NM
OS
(
M2
)
an
d
t
h
e
p
u
ll
-
u
p
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
P
MO
S
(
M1
)
.
M1
an
d
M2
T
r
an
s
is
to
r
s
ar
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
t
h
e
clo
c
k
s
ig
n
al
s
.
T
h
e
b
ase
o
f
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
th
is
cir
c
u
it
is
th
a
t
in
th
e
p
er
io
d
w
h
e
n
th
e
clo
ck
is
eq
u
al
to
1
,
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
n
o
d
e
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
ea
r
th
b
y
M2
.
W
h
en
th
e
clo
ck
is
eq
u
al
to
ze
r
o
,
M2
is
o
f
f
an
d
M1
g
u
id
es.
Dep
en
d
in
g
o
n
t
h
e
q
u
an
t
ities
o
f
i
n
p
u
t
i
n
M3
,
o
u
tp
u
t
n
o
d
e
w
i
ll
b
e
h
ig
h
o
r
lo
w
.
I
f
t
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
is
ze
r
o
,
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
n
o
d
e
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
a
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
l
y
;
o
th
er
w
i
s
e,
th
e
la
n
d
w
ill
b
e
o
u
tp
u
t.
T
ab
le
3
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
s
iz
e
o
f
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
.
T
h
e
len
g
t
h
o
f
all
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
s
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
0
.
1
8
u
m
.
P
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
ti
o
n
o
f
t
h
is
cir
c
u
i
t
is
1
0
m
W
.
T
a
b
le
4
a
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Sizes o
f
cir
c
u
it tr
an
s
is
to
rs
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Hig
h
-
s
p
ee
d
cir
cu
it (
HS0
)
T
ab
le
3
.
T
h
e
zize
o
f
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
o
f
th
e
cir
c
u
it
T
r
a
n
si
st
o
r
n
u
m
b
e
r
W
(
u
m)
M1
90
M2
50
M3
50
T
ab
le
4
.
Sizes o
f
cir
cu
it tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
s
T
r
a
n
si
st
o
r
n
u
m
b
e
r
W
(
u
m)
M1
9
M2
5
M3
5
M4
15
M5
9
M6
5
M7
9
M8
5
M9
15
M
1
0
5
M
1
1
9
M
1
2
5
M
1
3
5
M
1
4
5
M
1
5
5
M
1
6
9
M
1
7
15
M
1
8
9
M
1
9
5
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
R
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2089
-
4864
D
esig
n
in
g
A
LU u
s
in
g
GDI
me
th
o
d
(
Mo
h
a
mma
d
r
eza
F
a
d
a
ei
)
155
3
.
2
.
Desig
nin
g
co
m
pa
ra
t
o
r
c
ircuit
C
o
m
p
ar
ato
r
cir
cu
it
is
o
f
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
an
alo
g
an
d
d
ig
i
tal
cir
cu
it
b
lo
ck
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
it
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
t
h
at
its
o
p
ti
m
al
cir
c
u
it
b
e
d
esi
g
n
ed
a
n
d
s
i
m
u
lated
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
is
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
f
o
r
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
cir
cu
i
t.
I
n
f
ac
t
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
m
p
ar
ato
r
cir
cu
it
i
s
a
d
y
n
a
m
ic
co
m
p
ar
ato
r
th
at
u
s
e
s
m
u
ch
les
s
p
o
w
er
.
W
h
e
n
t
h
e
clo
c
k
i
s
"
1
"
,
lo
w
NM
O
S
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
is
tu
r
n
ed
o
n
a
n
d
t
h
e
ab
o
v
e
P
MO
S
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
w
h
o
s
e
g
ates
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
clo
ck
ar
e
o
f
f
.
I
f
VI
NN
i
s
lar
g
er
t
h
an
VI
NNP
,
o
u
tp
is
"
1
"
an
d
o
u
tn
i
s
"
0
"
an
d
v
ice
v
er
s
a.
Desp
ite
t
h
e
s
i
m
p
licit
y
,
th
i
s
cir
cu
i
t
h
as
lo
w
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
,
lo
w
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
an
d
ex
ce
lle
n
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
t
h
at
is
s
h
o
w
n
b
elo
w
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
r
es
u
lt
o
f
s
i
m
u
latio
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
m
p
ar
ato
r
cir
cu
it.
O
n
e
ca
n
s
ee
th
at
i
n
t
h
e
r
is
i
n
g
ed
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
clo
ck
co
m
p
ar
i
s
o
n
o
p
er
atio
n
is
d
o
n
e
co
r
r
ec
tl
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
g
r
ap
h
o
f
c
o
m
p
ar
i
n
g
th
e
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
t
io
n
.
W
e
ca
n
s
ee
t
h
at
t
h
i
s
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
u
s
e
s
p
o
w
er
o
n
l
y
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
clo
c
k
s
w
itc
h
es,
a
n
d
at
o
th
er
ti
m
e
s
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
is
ze
r
o
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
th
e
co
m
p
ar
ato
r
w
it
h
p
r
ev
io
u
s
w
o
r
k
s
a
s
h
o
w
n
in
T
ab
le
5
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
c
o
m
p
a
r
ato
r
cir
cu
it
w
it
h
GDI
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt o
f
ti
m
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
m
p
ar
ato
r
cir
c
u
it
w
it
h
GDI
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
9
-
4864
I
n
t J
R
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
3
,
No
v
em
b
er
2019
:
151
–
1
6
1
156
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
P
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
m
p
ar
ato
r
cir
cu
it
w
it
h
GDI
tech
n
iq
u
e
T
ab
le
5
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
th
e
co
m
p
ar
ato
r
w
it
h
p
r
ev
io
u
s
w
o
r
k
s
D
e
l
a
y
P
o
w
e
r
c
o
n
su
mp
t
i
o
n
C
o
mp
a
r
i
so
n
2
.
8
p
s
0
.
5
mW
T
h
i
s st
u
d
y
1
6
p
s
0
.
6
1
mW
[2
]
3
5
p
s
0
.
4
6
1
mW
[3
]
3.
3
.
Desig
nin
g
t
he
pro
po
s
ed
s
a
m
ple a
nd
ho
l
d c
ircuit
s
As
u
s
ed
i
n
th
e
r
esear
ch
w
e
wan
t
to
d
e
s
ig
n
w
it
h
t
h
e
lea
s
t
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
,
w
e
d
esi
g
n
a
s
a
m
p
l
e
an
d
h
o
ld
cir
cu
it
u
s
i
n
g
GDI
lo
g
ic.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
w
itc
h
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
u
s
ed
to
r
ed
u
ce
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
T
h
e
in
p
u
t
o
f
s
a
m
p
le
a
n
d
h
o
ld
cir
cu
it
is
a
s
i
n
e
w
av
e
w
i
th
a
1
MH
z
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
,
an
d
s
a
m
p
l
e
s
ig
n
al
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
is
1
0
0
MH
z.
Fig
u
r
e
7
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
s
a
m
p
le
an
d
h
o
ld
cir
cu
its
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
la
tio
n
r
es
u
lt
o
f
th
i
s
cir
cu
it
i
s
p
lo
tted
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
8
.
No
w
,
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
i
s
tech
n
iq
u
e,
w
e
d
esi
g
n
co
llecto
r
cir
cu
it.
Fi
g
u
r
e
9
s
h
o
w
s
co
ll
ec
to
r
cir
cu
it
u
s
in
g
th
is
tech
n
iq
u
e.
I
n
[
4
]
,
u
s
i
n
g
GDI
,
a
co
m
p
lete
co
llecto
r
is
d
esig
n
ed
w
h
o
s
e
cir
cu
it
i
s
p
lo
tted
in
F
ig
u
r
e
9
.
Her
e,
w
e
f
ir
s
t
d
esig
n
a
n
d
s
i
m
u
late
th
e
c
ir
cu
it
a
n
d
t
h
en
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
cir
cu
it
w
it
h
f
e
w
er
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
.
T
ab
le
6
s
h
o
w
s
co
m
p
ar
i
n
g
s
a
m
p
le
an
d
h
o
ld
to
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
wo
r
k
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
R
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2089
-
4864
D
esig
n
in
g
A
LU u
s
in
g
GDI
me
th
o
d
(
Mo
h
a
mma
d
r
eza
F
a
d
a
ei
)
157
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Sa
m
p
le
an
d
h
o
ld
cir
cu
its
u
s
i
n
g
GDI
tech
n
iq
u
e
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
s
i
m
u
la
tio
n
o
f
s
a
m
p
li
n
g
a
n
d
h
o
ld
cir
cu
it
w
it
h
GDI
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
T
ab
le
6
.
C
o
m
p
ar
in
g
s
a
m
p
le
a
n
d
h
o
ld
to
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
w
o
r
k
s
P
o
w
e
r
c
o
n
su
mp
t
i
o
n
C
o
mp
a
r
i
so
n
8
mW
T
h
i
s st
u
d
y
5
5
mW
[
5
]
2
0
mW
[
6
]
1
0
mW
[
7
]
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
9
-
4864
I
n
t J
R
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
3
,
No
v
em
b
er
2019
:
151
–
1
6
1
158
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
C
o
llect
o
r
cir
cu
it
w
it
h
GDI
tech
n
iq
u
e
3
.
4
.
T
he
pro
po
s
ed
co
llect
o
r
circ
uit
w
it
h G
DI t
ec
hn
i
qu
e
Her
e,
w
e
o
f
f
er
a
co
m
p
lete
co
llecto
r
cir
cu
it
d
esi
g
n
ed
u
s
in
g
m
u
lt
ip
lex
er
s
d
esig
n
ed
with
G
DI
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
cir
cu
i
t
s
ch
e
m
a
tic
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
llecto
r
.
Her
e,
w
e
h
a
v
e
u
s
ed
th
r
ee
m
u
ltip
le
x
er
a
n
d
an
in
v
er
ter
f
o
r
d
esig
n
i
n
g
th
e
c
o
llecto
r
.
T
h
e
s
ize
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
s
o
f
th
e
cir
c
u
it
s
h
o
w
n
in
T
ab
le
7
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
lle
cto
r
cir
cu
it
w
i
th
GDI
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
R
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2089
-
4864
D
esig
n
in
g
A
LU u
s
in
g
GDI
me
th
o
d
(
Mo
h
a
mma
d
r
eza
F
a
d
a
ei
)
159
T
ab
le
7
.
T
h
e
s
ize
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
o
f
th
e
cir
c
u
it (
1
1
)
T
r
a
n
si
st
o
r
n
u
m
b
e
r
W
(
u
m)
M1
9
M2
5
M3
5
M4
15
M5
9
M6
5
M7
9
M8
5
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
r
es
u
lt
o
f
ti
m
e
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
o
f
t
h
i
s
co
llecto
r
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
llecto
r
i
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
h
av
i
n
g
a
b
etter
ti
m
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
h
a
s
les
s
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
as
w
e
ll.
Dela
y
g
r
ap
h
o
f
t
h
i
s
co
llecto
r
is
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
2
.
Fro
m
t
h
is
f
i
g
u
r
e,
w
e
ca
n
s
ee
t
h
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
c
o
llecto
r
cir
cu
it
h
as
4
0
p
s
d
elay
,
w
h
ic
h
is
ten
ti
m
es
les
s
th
a
n
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
co
llecto
r
.
T
h
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
llecto
r
cir
cu
it
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
T
ab
le
8
.
C
o
m
p
ar
es
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
llecto
r
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
o
n
e
s
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
ab
le
9
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lt o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
llecto
r
w
ith
GDI
tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
9
-
4864
I
n
t J
R
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
3
,
No
v
em
b
er
2019
:
151
–
1
6
1
160
Fig
u
r
e
1
2
.
Dela
y
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
llecto
r
w
it
h
GDI
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
T
ab
le
8
.
T
h
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
llecto
r
cir
cu
it
V
a
l
u
e
s
P
o
w
e
r
c
o
n
su
mp
t
i
o
n
D
e
l
a
y
P
D
P
(
n
s*
mW
)
T
e
mp
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
0
2
0
0
u
0
.
0
4
n
5
.
7
4
T
e
mp
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
5
0
2
1
0
u
0
.
0
4
n
-
T
e
mp
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
1
2
0
2
2
0
u
0
.
0
4
n
-
0
.
9
V
s
u
p
p
l
y
1
0
0
u
0
.
0
8
n
-
1
.
8
V
s
u
p
p
l
y
2
0
0
u
0.
04
n
-
3
.
3
V
s
u
p
p
l
y
4
3
0
u
0
.
0
3
n
-
1
p
F
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
o
r
2
0
0
u
0
.
0
2
n
-
2
p
F
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
o
r
2
0
0
u
0
.
0
4
n
-
5
p
F
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
o
r
2
0
0
u
0
.
0
7
n
-
T
ab
le
9
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
llecto
r
to
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
o
n
e
s
C
o
l
l
e
c
t
o
r
P
o
w
e
r
c
o
n
su
mp
t
i
o
n
D
e
l
a
y
P
D
P
(
n
s.mW
)
P
r
o
p
o
se
d
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
o
r
2
0
0
u
W
0
.
0
4
n
s
0
.
0
0
8
[
8
]
1
.
7
3
mW
1
.
0
0
9
n
s
1
.
8
[
9
]
5
.
7
3
6
u
W
0
.
1
7
9
n
s
0
.
0
0
1
2
6
[
1
0
]
1
2
7
u
W
1
.
1
1
7
n
s
1
2
9
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
P
r
o
v
id
e
a
s
tate
m
e
n
t
t
h
at
w
h
a
t
is
e
x
p
ec
ted
,
as
s
tated
i
n
t
h
e
"
I
n
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
"
ch
ap
ter
ca
n
u
lti
m
atel
y
r
esu
lt
i
n
"
R
es
u
lt
s
an
d
D
is
c
u
s
s
io
n
"
ch
ap
ter
,
s
o
t
h
er
e
is
co
m
p
atib
il
it
y
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
it
ca
n
also
b
e
ad
d
ed
th
e
p
r
o
s
p
ec
t
o
f
t
h
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
r
esear
ch
r
e
s
u
l
ts
a
n
d
ap
p
licatio
n
p
r
o
s
p
ec
ts
o
f
f
u
r
t
h
er
s
t
u
d
ies
i
n
to
t
h
e
n
ex
t
(
b
ased
o
n
r
esu
lt a
n
d
d
is
c
u
s
s
io
n
)
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
S
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
w
e
d
ea
lt
w
i
th
th
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
t
d
y
n
a
m
ic
s
lo
g
ic
cir
cu
i
ts
,
co
m
p
ar
ed
th
eir
r
esu
lt
s
,
an
d
th
e
n
o
f
f
er
ed
a
cir
cu
it
f
o
r
r
ed
u
cin
g
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
W
e
s
a
w
t
h
at
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
u
f
f
er
cir
cu
it
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
w
a
s
r
ed
u
ce
d
s
h
ar
p
l
y
a
n
d
its
d
elay
w
as
lo
w
er
.
I
n
t
h
e
n
ex
t
le
v
el,
w
e
d
esig
n
ed
lo
g
ic
cir
cu
its
i
n
GDI
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
a
n
d
d
esig
n
ed
lo
g
ic
cir
c
u
its
s
u
c
h
as
A
ND,
O
R
,
XOR
a
n
d
m
u
ltip
le
x
er
w
ith
t
h
i
s
tech
n
iq
u
e.
I
t
w
as o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
a
t th
is
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
w
i
th
f
e
w
er
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
tr
a
n
s
i
s
to
r
s
,
o
n
e
ca
n
d
e
s
ig
n
lo
g
ic
cir
c
u
it
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.