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I
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Mu
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co
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[
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2
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Fig
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1
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On
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[
1
4
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T
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f
a
n
y
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
le
v
els.
E
b
r
ah
i
m
i
h
a
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
n
e
w
m
u
ltil
e
v
el
co
n
v
er
ter
to
p
o
l
o
g
y
w
it
h
r
ed
u
ce
d
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
w
itc
h
to
o
b
tain
m
ax
i
m
u
m
le
v
el
s
at
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
[
1
5
]
.
I
t
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
t
h
e
m
u
lti
-
le
v
els
ar
e
ac
h
ie
v
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
ca
s
ca
d
ed
ar
r
an
g
e
m
en
t
o
f
c
ell
s
,
i
n
w
h
ic
h
t
h
e
s
u
cc
es
s
i
v
e
ad
d
itio
n
o
f
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
ce
ll
s
m
a
y
b
ea
r
eq
u
al
b
lo
ck
in
g
v
o
ltag
e,
an
d
th
e
o
u
ts
e
t
ce
ll
in
th
e
to
p
o
lo
g
y
u
n
d
er
g
o
es
h
ig
h
b
lo
ck
i
n
g
v
o
ltag
e
th
a
t
ca
u
s
e
s
d
ev
ice
f
ai
lu
r
e
w
h
ic
h
r
ed
u
ce
s
ef
f
icien
c
y
.
I
t
is
s
tu
d
ied
t
h
at
t
o
p
o
lo
g
ies
w
it
h
as
s
y
m
e
tr
ical
d
c
v
o
ltag
e
s
w
ill
ca
u
s
e
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
in
d
er
iv
in
g
t
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
v
o
ltag
es
lev
el
s
b
y
ad
d
in
g
an
d
s
u
b
tr
ac
ti
n
g
t
h
e
av
a
ilab
le
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
to
ac
h
i
ev
e
p
ar
ticu
lar
lev
el
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
e
to
p
o
lo
g
y
in
th
i
s
p
ap
er
is
a
s
y
m
m
etr
ical
to
p
o
lo
g
y
s
in
ce
all
th
e
v
al
u
es
o
f
a
ll
v
o
l
tag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
ar
e
eq
u
al
an
d
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
a
m
u
ltil
ev
el
o
u
tp
u
t
w
h
ic
h
is
n
a
m
ed
as
lev
el
g
e
n
er
atio
n
p
ar
t
(
L
GP
)
an
d
a
s
i
n
g
le
p
h
as
e
f
u
ll
-
b
r
id
g
e
(
SP
B
)
in
v
er
ter
wh
ich
is
n
a
m
ed
as
r
e
v
er
s
i
n
g
v
o
ltag
e
p
ar
t
(
R
VP
)
.
T
h
is
to
p
o
lo
g
y
r
eq
u
ir
es
le
s
s
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
co
m
p
a
r
ed
to
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
.
I
t
is
al
s
o
m
o
r
e
ef
f
icie
n
t
s
i
n
ce
th
e
in
v
er
ter
h
as
a
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
w
h
ic
h
o
p
er
ates
th
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
p
o
w
er
d
ev
ices
at
lin
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
.
T
h
e
d
ev
ices
in
th
e
L
VP
alo
n
e
o
p
er
ate
at
h
i
g
h
er
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cie
s
;
d
ev
ice
i
n
R
VP
w
ill
o
p
er
ate
at
lin
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
er
e
is
n
o
n
ee
d
f
o
r
all
s
w
itc
h
es to
w
o
r
k
in
h
i
g
h
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
w
h
ic
h
lead
s
to
s
i
m
p
ler
an
d
m
o
r
e
r
eliab
le
co
n
tr
o
l o
f
th
e
in
v
er
ter
.
T
h
e
s
u
cc
es
s
f
u
l
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
a
n
y
to
p
o
lo
g
y
w
i
ll
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
s
e
lectio
n
o
f
p
r
o
p
er
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
an
d
s
w
itch
in
g
s
tat
e
s
.
T
h
e
g
atin
g
p
u
ls
e
s
ar
e
d
er
iv
ed
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
p
u
l
s
e
w
id
t
h
(
SP
W
M
)
an
d
th
e
ad
v
an
ta
g
es
o
f
P
W
M
ar
e
g
i
v
e
n
a
s
(
i)
C
o
n
tr
o
l
o
v
er
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
m
a
g
n
i
tu
d
e,
(
ii)
R
ed
u
c
ti
o
n
i
n
m
a
g
n
i
tu
d
es
o
f
u
n
w
an
ted
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
v
o
lta
g
es,
(
iii)
I
m
p
r
o
v
ed
p
o
w
er
f
ac
to
r
w
it
h
u
n
it
y
d
i
s
p
lace
m
en
t
f
ac
to
r
.
L
o
w
es
t
o
r
d
er
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
eli
m
i
n
atio
n
is
p
o
s
s
i
b
le
b
y
p
r
o
p
er
ch
o
ice
o
f
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
u
l
s
es
p
er
h
a
lf
c
y
cle.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
m
u
lti
ca
r
r
ier
SP
W
M
tech
n
iq
u
es
a
r
e
u
s
ed
.
T
h
r
ee
alter
n
ati
v
e
ca
r
r
ier
PW
M
s
tr
ateg
ies
w
it
h
d
if
f
er
i
n
g
p
h
ase
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
f
o
r
a
m
u
lt
ilev
el
i
n
v
er
ter
ar
e
as f
o
llo
w
s
:
a.
In
-
p
h
ase
d
is
p
o
s
itio
n
(
I
P
D)
,
b.
P
h
ase
o
p
p
o
s
itio
n
d
is
p
o
s
itio
n
(
P
OD)
,
c.
A
lter
n
ati
v
e
p
h
ase
o
p
p
o
s
itio
n
d
is
p
o
s
itio
n
(
A
P
OD)
.
I
P
D
o
r
P
D
s
tr
ateg
y
i
s
u
s
ed
m
o
s
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
tl
y
b
ec
au
s
e
it
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
tio
n
co
m
p
ar
e
to
o
th
er
P
W
M
s
tr
ateg
ies
[
1
7
]
-
[
2
1
]
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
a
g
en
er
al
m
et
h
o
d
o
f
m
u
lticar
r
ie
r
m
o
d
u
latio
n
(
I
P
D)
SP
W
M
is
u
tili
ze
d
to
d
r
iv
e
th
e
p
r
ef
er
r
ed
in
v
er
ter
to
p
o
lo
g
y
an
d
ca
n
b
e
ex
te
n
d
ed
to
an
y
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
v
o
lta
g
e
lev
els.
2.
RE
V
E
RS
I
N
G
VO
L
T
A
G
E
P
ART M
UL
T
I
L
E
V
E
L
DC
L
I
NK
I
NV
E
RT
E
R
I
n
tr
ad
itio
n
al
m
u
lti
lev
el
i
n
v
e
r
ter
s
,
th
e
p
o
w
er
s
e
m
ico
n
d
u
ct
o
r
s
w
i
tch
e
s
ar
e
co
m
b
i
n
ed
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
a
h
ig
h
-
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
alter
n
at
in
g
wav
ef
o
r
m
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
t
h
er
e
is
n
o
n
ee
d
to
u
til
ize
all
t
h
e
s
w
it
ch
es
f
o
r
g
e
n
er
atin
g
b
ip
o
lar
lev
els.
T
h
e
to
p
o
l
o
g
y
i
n
th
is
p
ap
er
is
a
h
y
b
r
id
ML
I
wh
ich
s
ep
ar
ates th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
in
to
t
w
o
p
ar
ts
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
.
On
e
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
to
p
o
lo
g
y
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
g
en
er
atin
g
th
e
le
v
els
o
n
l
y
i
n
p
o
s
iti
v
e
p
o
lar
ity
.
T
h
i
s
p
ar
t
r
eq
u
ir
es
h
ig
h
-
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
p
o
w
er
s
e
m
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
s
w
itc
h
e
s
to
g
en
er
ate
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
le
v
els.
An
d
o
th
er
p
ar
t
is
ca
lled
r
e
v
er
s
e
v
o
ltag
e
p
ar
t
a
n
d
is
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
g
en
er
ati
n
g
al
ter
n
ati
n
g
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
at
lin
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
,
t
h
is
p
ar
t
r
eq
u
ir
e
l
o
w
-
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
p
o
w
er
s
e
m
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
s
w
itch
e
s
a
n
d
th
i
s
p
ar
t
w
il
l
o
p
er
ate
at
lin
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
R
E
S
I
SS
N:
2089
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F
P
GA
B
a
s
ed
S
ymm
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ca
l Mu
lti Leve
l I
n
ve
r
ter w
ith
R
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ce
d
Ga
te
Dri
ve
r
C
i
r
cu
its
(
G
Du
r
g
a
P
r
a
s
a
d
)
55
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
B
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
ef
er
r
ed
ML
DC
L
I
to
p
o
lo
g
y
T
h
e
to
p
o
lo
g
y
co
m
b
i
n
es
th
e
h
ig
h
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
a
n
d
lo
w
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
p
ar
ts
to
g
en
er
ate
t
h
e
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
m
u
ltil
e
v
el
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
g
en
er
ate
a
co
m
p
lete
m
u
ltil
e
v
el
o
u
tp
u
t,
th
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
l
ev
els
ar
e
g
en
er
ated
b
y
th
e
L
GP
,
an
d
t
h
en
,
th
i
s
i
s
f
ed
to
a
SP
B
in
v
er
ter
f
o
r
R
VP
,
w
h
ic
h
w
i
ll
g
en
er
ate
th
e
r
eq
u
i
r
ed
p
o
lar
ity
f
o
r
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t.
T
h
e
R
V
to
p
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
f
i
f
teen
le
v
el
s
is
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
3
.
A
s
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
,
it
r
eq
u
i
r
es
s
ev
e
n
s
w
i
tch
e
s
,
s
ix
d
io
d
es
an
d
s
e
v
e
n
is
o
lated
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
L
ef
t
p
ar
t
o
f
cir
c
u
it
is
u
s
ed
to
g
e
n
er
ate
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
o
u
tp
u
t
le
v
els
w
i
th
p
o
s
itiv
e
p
o
lar
it
y
an
d
th
e
r
ig
h
t
p
ar
t
o
f
cir
c
u
it
i
s
SP
B
i
n
v
er
ter
,
d
ec
id
es
ab
o
u
t
t
h
e
p
o
lar
it
y
o
f
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
i.e
.
alter
n
atin
g
w
av
e
f
o
r
m
w
it
h
r
eq
u
ir
ed
lev
els.
I
t
r
ev
er
s
es
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
w
h
en
t
h
e
v
o
lta
g
e
p
o
lar
it
y
r
eq
u
ir
es
to
b
e
ch
an
g
ed
f
o
r
n
e
g
ati
v
e
p
o
lar
it
y
.
T
h
e
p
r
ef
er
r
ed
to
p
o
lo
g
y
ea
s
il
y
ex
ten
d
s
to
h
i
g
h
er
v
o
lta
g
e
le
v
els
b
y
d
u
p
licat
in
g
th
e
m
o
d
u
le
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
.
I
t
ca
n
also
b
e
ap
p
lied
f
o
r
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
ap
p
licatio
n
s
w
it
h
th
e
s
a
m
e
p
r
i
n
cip
le.
C
o
m
p
ar
i
s
o
n
b
et
w
ee
n
p
r
ef
er
r
ed
to
p
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
is
g
iv
e
n
i
n
T
ab
le
1
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
clea
r
l
y
s
ee
n
t
h
at
t
h
e
p
r
ef
er
r
ed
to
p
o
lo
g
y
r
eq
u
ir
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