I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
Rec
o
nfig
ura
ble a
nd
E
m
be
dd
e
d Sy
s
t
e
m
s
(
I
J
R
E
S)
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
20
20
,
p
p
.
1
9
~
27
I
SS
N
: 2
0
8
9
-
4864
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/i
j
r
es.
v
9
.
i1
.
p
p
1
9
-
27
19
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ij
r
es.ia
esco
r
e.
co
m
T
w
o
state
-
of
-
the
-
a
rts curr
e
nt
-
m
o
d
e t
erna
ry
full
a
dd
ers ba
sed o
n
CNTFET
technol
o
g
y
M
o
na
M
o
r
a
di
Ro
u
d
e
h
e
n
Bra
n
c
h
,
Isla
m
ic
A
z
a
d
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
Ira
n
E
m
ail:
m
o
.
m
o
r
ad
i@
r
ia
u
.
ac
.
ir
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
A
p
r
1
6
,
2
0
1
9
R
ev
i
s
ed
Oct
7
,
2
0
1
9
A
cc
ep
ted
No
v
1
2
,
2
0
1
9
A
d
d
e
r
c
o
re
re
sp
e
c
ti
n
g
to
it
s
v
a
rio
u
s
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
i
n
V
L
S
I
c
ircu
it
s
a
n
d
s
y
ste
m
s
is
c
o
n
sid
e
re
d
a
s
th
e
m
o
st
c
rit
ica
l
b
u
il
d
in
g
b
lo
c
k
i
n
m
icro
p
ro
c
e
ss
o
rs,
d
ig
it
a
l
sig
n
a
l
p
ro
c
e
ss
o
rs
a
n
d
a
rit
h
m
e
ti
c
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
s.
No
v
e
l
d
e
sig
n
s
o
f
a
lo
w
p
o
w
e
r
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
lex
it
y
Cu
rre
n
t
M
o
d
e
1
-
b
it
F
u
ll
A
d
d
e
r
c
e
ll
b
a
se
d
o
n
CNT
F
ET
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
h
a
s b
e
e
n
p
re
se
n
ted
in
th
is p
a
p
e
r.
T
h
re
e
m
a
jo
r
p
a
rts
c
o
n
stru
c
t
th
e
ir
stru
c
tu
re
s;
1
)
t
h
e
f
irst
p
a
rt
th
a
t
c
o
n
v
e
rts
c
u
rre
n
t
to
v
o
lt
a
g
e
;
2
)
th
re
sh
o
l
d
d
e
tec
to
rs
(T
D);
a
n
d
3
)
p
a
ra
ll
e
l
p
a
th
s
t
o
c
o
n
v
e
y
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
c
u
rr
e
n
ts
f
lo
w
.
A
d
ju
stin
g
th
re
sh
o
l
d
v
o
lt
a
g
e
s
w
h
ich
a
re
si
g
n
if
ica
n
t
f
a
c
to
r
f
o
r
se
tt
in
g
th
re
sh
o
ld
d
e
tec
to
rs
sw
it
c
h
in
g
p
o
in
t
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
a
c
h
iev
e
d
b
y
m
e
a
n
s
o
f
CNT
F
E
T
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
.
It
w
o
u
ld
b
ri
n
g
sig
n
if
ica
n
t
i
m
p
ro
v
e
m
e
n
ts
in
a
d
ju
st
in
g
th
re
sh
o
ld
v
o
lt
a
g
e
s,
re
g
a
rd
in
g
to
it
s
u
n
iq
u
e
c
h
a
ra
c
teriz
a
ti
o
n
s.
S
im
p
le
d
e
sig
n
,
les
s
tran
sisto
r
c
o
u
n
ts
a
n
d
sta
ti
c
p
o
w
e
r
d
issip
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
b
e
tt
e
r
p
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
c
o
m
p
a
rin
g
p
re
v
io
u
s
d
e
sig
n
s
c
o
u
ld
b
e
c
o
n
sid
e
re
d
a
s
so
m
e
a
d
v
a
n
tag
e
s
o
f
th
e
n
o
v
e
l
d
e
sig
n
s
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
C
NT
FET
C
u
r
r
en
t
m
o
d
e
lo
g
ic
MV
L
cir
c
u
itr
y
T
er
n
ar
y
f
u
ll a
d
d
er
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Mo
n
a
Mo
r
ad
i,
R
o
u
d
eh
e
n
B
r
an
ch
,
I
s
la
m
ic
A
z
ad
Un
iv
er
s
it
y
,
P
O
B
o
x
: 1
8
9
,
R
o
u
d
eh
en
,
T
eh
r
an
,
I
R
I
r
an
.
E
m
ail:
m
o
.
m
o
r
ad
i@
r
ia
u
.
ac
.
ir
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
I
n
C
u
r
r
en
t
Mo
d
e
L
o
g
ic
(
C
ML
)
,
lo
g
ical
lev
els
ar
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
cu
r
r
en
ts
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
h
as
its
o
w
n
p
r
o
s
an
d
co
n
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
Vo
ltag
e
Mo
d
e
L
o
g
ic
(
VM
L
)
.
T
h
e
m
er
its
in
clu
d
e:
1
)
th
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ac
tiv
e
d
ev
ices
in
a
cir
cu
it
b
y
m
ea
n
s
o
f
a
s
im
p
le
w
ir
in
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
[
1
]
;
2
)
th
e
ea
s
e
o
f
cir
cu
it
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
s
ev
er
al
m
u
ltip
le
-
in
p
u
t
cir
cu
its
b
y
u
s
in
g
d
if
f
er
en
t
T
h
r
esh
o
ld
Dete
cto
r
s
(
T
Ds)
[
2
]
;
3
)
th
e
elim
in
atio
n
o
f
s
ig
n
b
it
b
y
ap
p
ly
in
g
th
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
o
f
cu
r
r
en
t
to
d
escr
ib
e
th
e
s
ig
n
[
1
]
;
4
)
less
n
o
is
e
s
en
s
itiv
ity
[
3
,
4
]
;
5
)
th
e
u
s
ag
e
o
f
cu
r
r
en
t
m
ir
r
o
r
s
f
o
r
cu
r
r
en
t
s
ca
lin
g
an
d
d
u
p
licatio
n
[
4
,
5
]
;
an
d
6
)
h
ig
h
-
s
p
ee
d
o
p
er
atio
n
[
4
,
5
]
.
T
h
e
m
ain
d
is
ad
v
an
tag
e
o
f
C
ML
is
its
h
ig
h
s
tatic
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
[
5
,
6
]
.
R
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
t
o
f
h
ig
h
er
s
p
ee
d
,
it
is
ex
p
ec
ted
th
at
cu
r
r
en
t
m
o
d
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
b
ec
o
m
e
ev
en
m
o
r
e
im
p
o
r
tan
t
in
n
ea
r
f
u
tu
r
e
[
6
,
7
]
.
T
r
ad
itio
n
ally
,
b
ip
o
lar
an
d
MO
S
d
ev
ices
h
av
e
b
ee
n
u
tili
ze
d
to
im
p
lem
en
t
cu
r
r
en
t
m
o
d
e
cir
cu
its
.
T
h
e
latter
is
o
f
ten
s
elec
ted
f
o
r
m
ix
ed
an
alo
g
-
d
ig
ital
s
ig
n
al
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
Me
an
w
h
ile,
MO
SF
E
T
s
b
en
ef
it
f
r
o
m
h
ig
h
er
s
u
p
p
ly
n
o
is
e
im
m
u
n
it
y
[
3
-
6
]
,
a
n
d
less
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
Mu
ltip
le
-
Valu
ed
L
o
g
ic
(
MV
L
)
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
u
s
es
m
o
r
e
th
an
tw
o
lo
g
ic
lev
els.
I
t
r
elies
o
n
th
e
in
cr
em
en
t
o
f
lo
g
ic
lev
els,
w
h
er
ea
s
B
in
ar
y
lo
g
ic
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
s
ar
e
b
ased
o
n
o
n
ly
tw
o
v
alu
es
(
‘
0
’
an
d
‘
1
’
)
.
MV
L
b
en
ef
its
f
r
o
m
f
ew
er
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
t
io
n
s
an
d
p
in
o
u
ts
,
less
ar
ea
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
,
an
d
h
ig
h
er
p
ar
allel
an
d
s
er
ial
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
r
ates
[
1
]
.
T
h
ese
ad
v
an
tag
es
w
ith
r
eg
ar
d
s
to
th
e
s
er
io
u
s
ch
allen
g
es
o
f
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
an
d
th
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
w
ir
e
co
n
g
esti
o
n
in
n
an
o
s
ca
le
ch
ip
s
,
m
ak
e
MV
L
as
an
alter
n
ativ
e
d
e
s
ig
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
B
in
ar
y
cir
cu
its
[
5
,
6
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
9
-
4864
I
n
t J
R
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
2
0
2
0
:
1
9
–
27
20
I
n
s
h
o
r
t,
MV
L
is
a
m
ix
tu
r
e
o
f
b
in
ar
y
lo
g
ic
an
d
an
alo
g
u
e
s
ig
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
.
I
t
tak
es
ad
v
an
tag
e
o
f
b
o
th
n
o
is
e
to
ler
an
ce
o
f
a
d
ig
ital
s
ig
n
al
an
d
m
o
r
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
in
an
alo
g
u
e
m
o
d
e
[
8
]
.
A
m
o
n
g
d
if
f
er
en
t
MV
L
s
y
s
tem
s
,
T
er
n
ar
y
lo
g
ic
b
r
in
g
s
ab
o
u
t le
s
s
p
r
o
d
u
ct
co
s
t a
n
d
co
m
p
lex
ity
co
m
p
ar
in
g
to
B
in
ar
y
lo
g
ic
[
8
-
1
1
]
.
Vo
ltag
e
-
m
o
d
e
MV
L
cir
cu
its
s
u
f
f
er
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
s
w
in
g
d
u
r
in
g
en
co
d
in
g
m
o
r
e
th
an
tw
o
lo
g
ic
lev
els
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
-
m
o
d
e
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
ee
m
s
t
o
b
e
a
p
o
s
s
ib
le
s
o
lu
tio
n
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
th
e
ch
allen
g
e.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
u
tili
ze
s
cu
r
r
en
t
as
a
s
ig
n
al
ca
r
r
ier
,
eith
er
alo
n
e
o
r
in
m
ix
tu
r
e
w
ith
v
o
ltag
e
[
1
2
]
.
R
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
d
esig
n
s
im
p
licity
an
d
less
n
o
is
e
s
en
s
itiv
ity
,
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
m
o
d
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
ca
n
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
a
s
a
w
o
r
th
y
tech
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
d
esig
n
in
g
MV
L
cir
cu
its
[
1
2
-
1
4
]
.
Fo
r
m
an
y
y
ea
r
s
,
MO
SF
E
T
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
h
as
b
ee
n
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
th
e
p
r
em
ier
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
th
e
v
ital
p
o
ten
tials
to
im
p
lem
en
t
en
er
g
y
-
ef
f
icien
t
an
d
d
en
s
e
VL
SI
cir
cu
its
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
th
e
tr
en
d
o
f
s
ca
lin
g
d
o
w
n
th
e
f
ea
tu
r
e
s
ize
o
f
C
MO
S
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
in
n
an
o
-
r
an
g
es
in
to
d
ay
`
s
n
an
o
m
eter
VL
SI
in
d
u
s
tr
y
lead
s
to
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
ch
allen
g
es.
C
ar
b
o
n
Nan
o
T
u
b
e
Field
E
f
f
ec
t
T
r
an
s
is
to
r
(
C
NT
FET
)
[
1
5
]
,
o
w
in
g
to
its
u
n
iq
u
e
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
an
d
th
e
ab
ilit
y
o
f
ad
j
u
s
tin
g
th
e
d
esire
d
th
r
es
h
o
ld
v
o
ltag
e,
h
as
ac
h
iev
ed
co
n
s
id
er
ab
le
atten
tio
n
as a
s
u
cc
ess
o
r
to
th
e
MO
S tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
in
n
ea
r
f
u
tu
r
e,
esp
ec
ially
f
o
r
MV
L
d
esig
n
s
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
p
r
esen
ts
n
ew
T
er
n
ar
y
Fu
ll
A
d
d
er
ce
lls
.
T
h
ey
ar
e
b
ased
o
n
C
NT
FET
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
an
d
C
ML
d
esig
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
Fu
ll
A
d
d
er
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
th
e
m
o
s
t
im
p
o
r
tan
t
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
[
1
6
-
1
8
]
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
its
co
n
s
eq
u
en
tial
r
o
le
in
d
ig
ital
s
ig
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
s
,
m
icr
o
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
s
,
an
d
ar
ith
m
etic
o
p
er
atio
n
s
an
d
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
its
ef
f
icien
cy
im
p
ac
ts
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
a
s
y
s
tem
as
a
w
h
o
le
[
1
6
,
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
n
ew
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
cir
cu
its
ar
e
b
u
ilt
o
n
m
ix
ed
cu
r
r
en
t
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
s
ig
n
als.
A
co
n
s
tan
t
cu
r
r
en
t
s
o
u
r
ce
is
ap
p
lied
r
esp
ec
tin
g
to
th
e
lo
g
ical
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etw
ee
n
th
e
s
u
m
o
f
in
p
u
t
cu
r
r
en
ts
an
d
co
n
s
tan
t
cu
r
r
en
t
v
alu
e.
Hen
ce
,
p
o
w
er
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
is
r
ed
u
ce
d
in
c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
w
ith
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ly
p
r
esen
ted
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es.
T
h
e
r
est
o
f
th
e
p
ap
er
is
o
r
g
an
ized
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
Sectio
n
2
r
ev
iew
s
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ly
p
r
esen
ted
cu
r
r
en
t
-
m
o
d
e
T
er
n
ar
y
Fu
ll
A
d
d
er
s
in
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
an
d
th
eir
tr
an
s
is
to
r
-
lev
el
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
w
ill
b
e
p
r
esen
ted
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
s
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
Sectio
n
3
.
Sim
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
an
d
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
s
ar
e
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
in
Sectio
n
4
.
Fin
ally
,
s
ec
tio
n
5
d
r
aw
s
th
e
co
n
clu
s
io
n
.
2.
L
I
T
E
R
AT
U
RE
R
E
VI
E
W
Fu
ll
A
d
d
er
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
in
MV
L
s
y
s
tem
s
eith
er
in
C
ML
o
r
VM
L
m
o
d
e,
b
ased
o
n
b
o
th
MO
SF
E
T
an
d
C
NT
FET
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
[
1
0
,
1
2
,
1
3
]
.
Nev
er
th
eless
,
C
NT
FET
-
b
ased
ad
d
er
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
h
ig
h
er
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
[
1
9
-
2
1
]
.
So
m
e
cu
r
r
en
t
-
m
o
d
e
Fu
ll
A
d
d
er
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
p
r
esen
ted
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ly
in
[
2
2
-
2
4
]
b
ased
o
n
lin
ea
r
ad
d
itio
n
an
d
s
u
b
tr
ac
tio
n
o
f
in
p
u
t
cu
r
r
en
ts
.
T
h
eir
d
esig
n
s
im
p
licity
ca
n
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
th
eir
m
aj
o
r
ad
v
an
tag
e.
T
h
e
p
r
esen
ted
C
ML
Fu
ll
A
d
d
er
in
[
2
2
]
is
s
p
ec
if
ically
d
esig
n
ed
f
o
r
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic.
I
n
d
is
cr
ete
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
cir
cu
its
th
e
ab
ilit
y
o
f
g
en
er
atin
g
f
u
ll
-
s
w
in
g
o
u
tp
u
ts
,
ev
en
w
ith
n
o
n
-
f
u
ll
-
s
w
in
g
in
p
u
t
s
ig
n
als,
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
ess
en
tial
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
.
Fu
zz
y
cir
cu
its
d
o
n
o
t
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
is
v
ital
n
ec
ess
ity
.
T
h
eir
em
p
lo
y
m
en
t
in
d
ig
ital
s
y
s
tem
s
m
o
s
t
p
r
o
b
ab
ly
ca
u
s
es
s
o
m
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
s
u
ch
as
m
alf
u
n
ctio
n
an
d
h
ig
h
n
o
is
e
s
en
s
itiv
ity
[
5
,
6
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
a
d
is
p
lay
th
e
f
ir
s
t
p
r
io
r
T
er
n
ar
y
Fu
ll
A
d
d
er
cir
cu
it,
p
r
esen
ted
in
[
2
4
]
.
A
th
r
esh
o
ld
d
etec
to
r
is
im
p
lem
en
ted
b
y
u
s
in
g
a
co
n
s
tan
t
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
cu
r
r
en
t
s
o
u
r
ce
w
h
o
s
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
w
h
ich
n
etw
o
r
k
it
is
s
itu
ated
:
I
f
th
e
co
n
s
tan
t
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
cu
r
r
en
t
s
o
u
r
ce
is
p
lace
d
in
a
p
u
ll
-
u
p
n
etw
o
r
k
:
I
n
th
is
ca
s
e,
w
h
en
ev
er
th
e
s
u
m
o
f
in
p
u
t
cu
r
r
en
ts
(
in
)
is
less
th
an
a
co
n
s
tan
t
v
alu
e
(
th
e
th
r
esh
o
ld
)
,
th
e
r
elev
an
t
p
-
ty
p
e
tr
an
s
is
to
r
tu
r
n
s
o
f
f
,
s
in
ce
th
e
r
est o
f
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
ch
ar
g
es
th
e
g
ate
ca
p
ac
ito
r
o
f
th
e
p
-
ty
p
e
tr
an
s
is
to
r
.
I
f
th
e
co
n
s
tan
t
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
cu
r
r
en
t
s
o
u
r
ce
is
p
lace
d
in
a
p
u
ll
-
d
o
w
n
n
etw
o
r
k
:
T
h
e
r
elate
d
p
-
ty
p
e
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
w
itch
es
o
n
if
th
e
s
u
m
o
f
in
p
u
t
cu
r
r
en
ts
(
in
)
is
m
o
r
e
th
an
a
co
n
s
tan
t
v
alu
e
(
th
e
th
r
esh
o
ld
)
.
T
h
e
tr
an
s
is
to
r
-
lev
el
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
s
o
f
a
co
n
s
tan
t
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
cu
r
r
e
n
t
s
o
u
r
ce
ar
e
ex
h
ib
ited
in
Fig
u
r
es
1
b
an
d
1
c
[
2
3
,
2
5
]
.
B
o
th
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
in
th
is
p
ap
er
.
T
h
e
th
r
ee
p
o
s
itiv
e
lo
g
ic
v
alu
es
{0
,
1
,
2
}
3
ex
p
lain
th
e
u
n
s
ig
n
ed
T
er
n
ar
y
d
ig
its
.
T
h
ey
ar
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
in
cu
r
r
en
t
-
m
o
d
e
lo
g
ic
b
y
d
if
f
er
en
t
cu
r
r
en
t
lev
els.
E
ac
h
cu
r
r
en
t
u
n
it
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
8
A
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
lo
g
ical
v
alu
es
‘
0
’
,
‘
1
’
,
an
d
‘
2
’
ar
e
eq
u
iv
alen
t
to
0
A
,
8
A
,
an
d
1
6
A
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
d
ep
icted
th
e
tr
an
s
is
t
o
r
-
lev
el
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tat
io
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
er
T
er
n
ar
y
F
u
ll
A
d
d
e
r
b
y
t
w
o
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
co
n
s
ta
n
t
i
n
d
ep
en
d
en
t
cu
r
r
en
t
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
E
ac
h
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
is
m
ar
k
ed
b
y
th
r
ee
v
al
u
e
s
(
n
u
m
b
er
s
)
,
w
h
ic
h
in
d
icate
th
e
d
ia
m
eter
o
f
C
NT
s
(
D
CNT
)
,
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
n
a
n
o
tu
b
es
u
n
d
er
th
e
g
ate
ter
m
in
al
(
T
u
b
e)
,
an
d
th
e
p
itch
p
ar
am
eter
.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
a
tr
a
n
s
i
s
to
r
w
ith
th
e
v
al
u
es
0
.
7
8
3
,
6
,
an
d
1
8
h
as
t
w
o
C
NT
s
w
i
th
t
h
e
d
ia
m
eter
o
f
0
.
7
8
3
n
m
u
n
d
er
it
s
g
ate
ter
m
i
n
al.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
its
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
v
o
ltag
e
is
0
.
5
4
9
V
(
1
)
[
1
9
-
2
1
]
.
Me
an
w
h
ile
,
th
e
d
i
s
tan
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
ce
n
t
er
s
o
f
t
w
o
ad
j
ac
en
t
C
NT
s
is
1
8
n
m
(
P
itch
=1
8
n
m
)
.
I
n
ad
d
it
io
n
,
t
h
ese
d
es
ig
n
s
n
ee
d
co
n
s
ta
n
t
cu
r
r
e
n
ts
o
f
4
A
,
8
A,
1
2
A
,
2
0
A
,
2
8
A
,
an
d
3
6
A
a
s
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
d
ete
cto
r
s
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
cu
r
r
en
t
m
ir
r
o
r
cir
cu
its
ar
e
u
s
e
d
to
d
u
p
licate
th
e
s
u
m
o
f
i
n
p
u
t
v
alu
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
s
(
in
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
R
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2089
-
4864
Tw
o
s
ta
te
-
of
-
th
e
-
a
r
ts
cu
r
r
en
t
-
mo
d
e
tern
a
r
y
fu
ll a
d
d
ers
b
a
s
ed
o
n
C
N
TFE
T tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(
Mo
n
a
Mo
r
a
d
i
)
21
)
(
43
.
0
nm
D
V
C
N
T
Th
(
1
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
l
y
p
r
ese
n
ted
cir
cu
it
s
;
(
a)
T
er
n
ar
y
f
u
ll
ad
d
er
[
2
4
]
,
(
b
)
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t c
u
r
r
en
t so
u
r
ce
[
2
5
]
,
(
c)
C
o
n
s
ta
n
t in
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t c
u
r
r
en
t so
u
r
ce
[
2
3
]
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
cu
r
r
en
t
-
m
o
d
e
cir
cu
i
ts
[
2
4
]
;
(
a)
w
i
th
i
n
d
ep
en
d
en
t c
u
r
r
en
t so
u
r
ce
[
2
5
]
,
(
b
)
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t c
u
r
r
en
t so
u
r
ce
[
2
3
]
3.
T
H
E
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
CURR
E
NT
-
M
O
DE
T
E
RNA
RY
F
UL
L
ADD
E
R
(
CM
T
F
A)
I
n
th
i
s
s
ec
t
io
n
,
it i
s
e
x
p
lain
ed
t
h
e
r
es
u
lts
o
f
r
esear
ch
a
n
d
at
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
t
i
m
e
is
g
i
v
en
t
h
e
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
.
R
e
s
u
lts
ca
n
b
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
f
i
g
u
r
e
s
,
g
r
ap
h
s
,
ta
b
les
an
d
o
th
er
s
th
at
m
ak
e
t
h
e
r
ea
d
er
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
ea
s
il
y
[
2
,
5]
.
T
h
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
c
an
b
e
m
ad
e
in
s
e
v
er
al
s
u
b
-
c
h
a
p
ter
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
9
-
4864
I
n
t J
R
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
2
0
2
0
:
1
9
–
27
22
Fu
ll
A
d
d
er
ce
lls
ar
e
p
r
in
cip
all
y
co
n
s
id
er
ed
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
f
u
n
d
a
m
en
ta
l
lo
g
ic
b
lo
ck
s
.
R
e
s
p
ec
tin
g
to
th
eir
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
ap
p
licatio
n
s
in
o
th
er
m
ath
e
m
atica
l
o
p
er
atio
n
s
,
th
e
y
co
u
ld
b
e
u
s
ed
in
m
a
n
y
lar
g
e
an
d
co
m
p
le
x
cir
cu
its
a
n
d
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
u
n
i
ts
s
u
ch
a
s
m
u
ltip
lier
an
d
AL
U
[
2
6
,
2
7
]
.
T
a
b
le
1
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
f
u
n
c
tio
n
alit
y
o
f
a
cu
r
r
en
t
m
o
d
e
T
er
n
ar
y
lo
g
ic
F
u
ll
A
d
d
er
b
ased
o
n
its
in
p
u
ts
s
u
m
m
a
tio
n
.
Ne
w
T
er
n
ar
y
F
u
ll
A
d
d
er
cir
cu
its
b
ased
o
n
C
M
L
a
n
d
C
NT
FET
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
ar
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ep
ar
atel
y
i
n
th
i
s
s
ec
tio
n
.
T
h
e
y
b
o
th
ex
p
l
o
it
Mu
lt
ip
le
-
Va
lu
ed
C
u
r
r
en
t
Mo
d
e
L
o
g
ic
(
MV
C
ML
)
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
[
1
,
6
,
9
]
an
d
th
e
u
n
iq
u
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
i
s
tics
o
f
C
NT
FE
T
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
[
1
9
-
2
1
]
lik
e
it
s
f
l
ex
ib
ilit
y
i
n
MV
C
M
L
.
T
h
eir
d
esig
n
i
n
g
m
e
th
o
d
r
elies
o
n
co
n
v
er
ti
n
g
t
h
e
s
u
m
o
f
th
e
i
n
p
u
t
c
u
r
r
en
t
s
to
v
o
ltag
e
.
T
h
e
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
ac
ti
v
it
y
o
f
th
e
f
i
n
al
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
is
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
t
h
r
es
h
o
ld
d
etec
to
r
s
,
w
h
ich
ar
e
lo
ca
ted
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
p
ath
s
.
A
u
n
it
o
f
cu
r
r
e
n
t
f
lo
w
s
i
f
an
o
u
tp
u
t
tr
a
n
s
i
s
to
r
s
w
itc
h
es
o
n
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
l
y
,
t
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
s
o
f
t
w
o
d
if
f
er
en
t
p
ath
s
ar
e
s
u
m
m
ed
u
p
to
in
cr
e
ase
th
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
cu
r
r
en
t to
1
6
A
.
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
tr
u
th
tab
le
o
f
ter
n
ar
y
f
u
l
l a
d
d
er
i
n
(
a
,
b
,
C
i
n
)
C
o
ut
S
U
M
0
0
0
1
0
1
2
0
2
3
1
0
4
1
1
5
1
2
6
2
0
Fig
u
r
es
3
an
d
4
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
e
1
st
an
d
2
nd
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
C
ML
T
er
n
ar
y
Fu
ll
A
d
d
er
ce
lls
.
A
F
u
ll
A
d
d
er
ce
ll
in
cl
u
d
es
th
r
ee
in
p
u
ts
(
a,
b
an
d
C
in
)
an
d
t
w
o
o
u
tp
u
ts
(
SU
M
an
d
C
out
)
.
T
h
e
p
r
esen
ted
te
ch
n
iq
u
e
is
f
o
u
n
d
ed
u
p
o
n
t
h
e
s
u
m
o
f
in
p
u
t
c
u
r
r
en
t
s
.
I
n
C
M
L
,
th
e
s
i
m
p
le
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
o
f
i
n
p
u
t
w
ir
es
p
r
o
v
id
es
t
h
e
lin
ea
r
ad
d
itio
n
o
f
in
p
u
t
s
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
co
n
v
er
t
t
h
e
s
u
m
o
f
th
e
in
p
u
t
c
u
r
r
en
t
s
(
in
)
to
v
o
ltag
e,
a
d
io
d
e
-
co
n
n
ec
t
ed
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
(
T
1
)
is
u
s
ed
as
a
r
es
i
s
to
r
.
T
o
ac
h
iev
e
h
ig
h
er
r
esi
s
ti
v
it
y
,
t
h
e
c
h
an
n
el
(
L
g
)
an
d
d
o
p
ed
C
NT
s
o
u
r
ce
-
(L
ss
)
a
n
d
d
r
ain
-
s
id
e
(L
dd
)
ex
te
n
s
io
n
r
eg
io
n
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
s
tr
etch
ed
to
1
0
0
n
m
.
Alt
h
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
ch
a
n
n
el
len
g
t
h
in
cr
e
m
en
t
m
a
k
es
m
o
r
e
r
esis
ta
n
ce
,
it
d
o
es
n
o
t
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
s
p
ee
d
,
s
in
ce
th
e
co
n
v
er
ti
n
g
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
d
o
n
o
t
i
m
p
ac
t
t
h
e
cr
itica
l
p
ath
o
f
th
e
w
h
o
le
ce
ll [
5
,
7
]
.
Af
ter
th
e
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
,
th
e
th
r
esh
o
ld
d
etec
to
r
s
(
T
Ds)
ar
e
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
t
h
e
s
w
itc
h
in
g
ac
tiv
it
y
o
f
t
h
e
r
est o
f
t
h
e
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
[
5
]
.
As
m
en
t
io
n
ed
ea
r
lie
r
,
t
h
e
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
v
al
u
e
ad
j
u
s
t
m
en
t i
s
ac
co
m
p
li
s
h
ed
b
y
c
h
a
n
g
i
n
g
th
e
d
ia
m
eter
o
f
C
NT
s
(
1
)
[
1
9
-
2
1
]
.
B
o
th
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
in
c
lu
d
e
a
co
n
s
ta
n
t
c
u
r
r
en
t
s
o
u
r
ce
,
w
h
ic
h
i
s
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
g
en
er
ati
n
g
a
co
n
s
ta
n
t
cu
r
r
en
t
v
alu
e.
T
5
an
d
T
6
ar
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
t
h
i
s
p
u
r
p
o
s
e.
I
n
(
2
)
ex
p
lai
n
s
th
e
w
a
y
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
S
u
m
i
s
g
en
er
ated
.
2
1
3
3
I
I
in
Sum
(
2
)
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
T
er
n
ar
y
F
u
ll
Ad
d
er
d
esig
n
u
s
e
s
t
w
o
T
Ds,
w
h
o
s
e
tu
r
n
i
n
g
p
o
in
t
s
ar
e
s
et
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
t
h
e
T
D
w
it
h
s
w
i
tch
in
g
p
o
in
t
o
f
5
.
5
6
w
o
u
ld
b
e
eq
u
i
v
alen
t
to
‘
0
’
,
i
f
th
e
s
u
m
m
atio
n
o
f
in
p
u
t
s
(
a,
b
,
C
in
)
eq
u
al
s
to
(
in
=6
)
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
es
3
an
d
4
.
T
h
e
p
r
esen
ted
A
d
d
e
r
C
ells
d
o
n
o
t
n
ee
d
b
in
ar
y
i
n
v
er
ter
,
w
h
ich
lead
s
to
b
etter
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
e
last
p
ar
t
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
p
ar
t
o
f
th
is
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e.
I
t
d
ef
i
n
es
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
alu
e
s
(
SUM
an
d
C
out
)
.
I
t
co
n
tain
s
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
t
p
ath
s
,
th
r
o
u
g
h
w
h
ic
h
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
c
u
r
r
en
ts
f
lo
w
.
I
t
i
s
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
to
s
et
th
e
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
tr
an
s
is
to
r
(
s
)
o
n
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
p
at
h
p
r
o
p
er
ly
.
T
h
is
lead
s
to
th
e
p
r
ec
is
e
u
n
it
o
f
o
u
tp
u
t
cu
r
r
en
t
(
0
,
8
A,
an
d
1
6
A
)
.
Ov
er
an
d
ab
o
v
e,
t
w
o
p
ar
allel
p
ath
s
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
b
y
t
w
o
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
i
n
ea
c
h
p
ath
T
3
,
T
7
an
d
T
4
,
T
8
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
g
en
er
ate
SU
M
b
ased
o
n
(
2
)
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
T
2
d
ir
ec
ts
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
o
f
i
n
p
u
t
s
u
m
m
at
io
n
(
in
)
.
Fo
r
Su
m
o
u
tp
u
t,
t
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
p
ath
s
,
i
n
clu
d
i
n
g
T
7
,
T
3
an
d
T
8
,
T
4
w
o
u
ld
f
lo
w
,
b
ased
o
n
T
Ds
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
p
o
in
t
an
d
th
eir
r
elate
d
tr
a
n
s
i
s
to
r
s
.
T
r
an
s
is
to
r
s
T
9
an
d
T
10
g
en
er
ate
C
o
u
t
v
al
u
es
b
a
s
ed
o
n
t
h
eir
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
s
tat
u
s
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
p
o
in
t
s
o
f
T
Ds
ar
e
s
et
p
r
o
p
er
ly
s
o
t
h
at
T
3
an
d
T
9
ar
e
s
w
itch
ed
o
n
if
Σ
i
n
>3
a
n
d
T
4
,
T
10
ar
e
s
w
itc
h
ed
o
n
i
f
Σ
i
n
>6
(
Fig
u
r
e
3
)
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
alit
y
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
e
s
en
ted
ce
lls
is
a
s
f
o
llo
w
s
(
Fig
u
r
e
3
)
:
I
f
t
h
e
s
u
m
o
f
th
e
in
p
u
ts
eq
u
al
t
o
‘
0
’
,
tr
a
n
s
i
s
to
r
s
T
3
, T
4
,
T
9
,
an
d
T
10
ar
e
s
w
itc
h
ed
o
f
f
; a
cc
o
r
d
in
g
l
y
b
o
t
h
o
u
tp
u
ts
w
o
u
ld
eq
u
al
0
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
R
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2089
-
4864
Tw
o
s
ta
te
-
of
-
th
e
-
a
r
ts
cu
r
r
en
t
-
mo
d
e
tern
a
r
y
fu
ll a
d
d
ers
b
a
s
ed
o
n
C
N
TFE
T tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(
Mo
n
a
Mo
r
a
d
i
)
23
I
n
ca
s
e
o
f
(
in
=1
)
,
T
3
,
T
4
,
T
9
,
an
d
T
10
ar
e
s
w
itc
h
ed
o
f
f
,
wh
ile
T
2
w
o
u
ld
b
e
s
w
itc
h
ed
o
n
.
I
t
co
p
ies
th
e
s
u
m
m
atio
n
o
f
in
p
u
t
cu
r
r
en
ts
,
s
o
th
e
8
A
c
u
r
r
en
t
to
th
e
SUM
o
u
tp
u
t
w
o
u
ld
b
e
i
n
d
icate
d
,
alth
o
u
g
h
C
out
eq
u
al
s
0
.
W
h
ile
(
in
=2
)
,
th
e
th
r
esh
o
ld
d
etec
to
r
s
w
itch
e
s
T
3
,
T
4
,
T
9
,
an
d
T
10
ar
e
s
w
itch
ed
o
f
f
,
w
h
ile
T
2
is
s
w
itc
h
ed
o
n
.
Hen
ce
,
th
e
SUM
cu
r
r
en
t r
ea
ch
e
s
1
6
A
,
w
h
ile
C
out
r
e
m
ain
s
0
.
R
eg
ar
d
in
g
(
in
=3
)
,
th
e
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
d
etec
to
r
s
w
i
tch
e
s
T
3
an
d
T
9
o
n
,
r
es
p
ec
tin
g
to
(
2
)
th
e
SUM
o
u
tp
u
t
w
o
u
ld
b
e
0
A
,
w
h
ile
C
out
w
o
u
l
d
b
e
8
A.
I
f
(
in
=4
)
,
th
e
th
r
e
s
h
o
ld
d
etec
to
r
s
w
i
tch
e
s
T
3
an
d
T
9
o
n
.
T
h
u
s
,
S
UM
o
u
tp
u
t
eq
u
al
s
to
8
A
a
n
d
C
out
r
e
m
ain
s
8
A
.
W
h
ile
(
in
=5
)
,
th
e
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
T
3
an
d
T
9
s
w
itc
h
es
o
n
,
i
n
a
s
a
m
e
m
a
n
n
er
SUM
o
u
tp
u
t
r
e
m
ain
s
to
16
A
a
n
d
C
out
co
n
tin
u
e
s
8
A.
Fin
all
y
i
f
(
in
=6
)
,
th
e
th
r
e
s
h
o
ld
d
etec
to
r
s
w
i
tch
e
s
T
3
,
T
4
,T
9
,T
10
o
n
,
h
e
n
ce
SU
M
eq
u
als
to
0
A
d
u
e
to
(
2
)
,
w
h
ile
C
out
w
o
u
ld
b
e
1
6
A
b
ec
a
u
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
u
n
i
f
icati
o
n
o
f
t
w
o
c
u
r
r
en
t
f
lo
w
p
ath
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
1
st
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
cu
r
r
en
t
-
m
o
d
e
ter
n
ar
y
f
u
ll a
d
d
er
(
C
MT
FA
1
)
w
it
h
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
m
i
r
r
o
r
in
SUM
g
en
er
ato
r
m
o
d
u
le
last
p
ar
t
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
2
nd
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
cu
r
r
en
t
-
m
o
d
e
ter
n
ar
y
f
u
ll a
d
d
er
(
C
MT
FA
2
)
w
it
h
o
u
t t
h
e
u
s
ag
e
o
f
cu
r
r
en
t
m
ir
r
o
r
in
SUM
g
en
er
ato
r
m
o
d
u
le
last
p
ar
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
9
-
4864
I
n
t J
R
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
2
0
2
0
:
1
9
–
27
24
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
A
ll
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
d
p
r
ev
io
u
s
d
esig
n
s
(
Fig
u
r
es
2
,
3
,
4
)
a
r
e
s
i
m
u
lated
w
ith
S
y
n
o
p
s
y
s
H
SP
I
C
E
an
d
3
2
n
m
C
NT
FET
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
[
1
9
,
2
0
]
.
Sim
u
latio
n
s
ar
e
d
o
n
e
in
1
V
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
l
y
w
it
h
1
GHz
o
p
er
atin
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
at
r
o
o
m
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e.
A
r
a
n
d
o
m
i
n
p
u
t
p
atter
n
(
Fig
u
r
e
5
)
is
f
ed
to
th
e
F
u
ll
A
d
d
er
ce
lls
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
d
ela
y
p
ar
a
m
eter
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
co
m
p
lete
T
er
n
ar
y
Fu
l
l
A
d
d
er
ce
lls
ca
n
g
e
n
er
ate
th
e
ex
p
ec
ted
o
u
tp
u
t
s
i
f
th
a
t
th
e
s
u
m
o
f
in
p
u
t
s
r
ea
ch
es to
6
(
0
≤
Σ
in
≤
6
)
(
Fig
u
r
e
5
)
.
T
h
e
av
er
ag
e
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
t
i
o
n
is
ca
lc
u
lated
d
u
r
i
n
g
all
o
f
t
h
e
tr
an
s
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
(
k
n
o
w
n
a
s
P
DP
)
,
w
h
ic
h
m
a
k
es
a
b
alan
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
d
ela
y
a
n
d
p
o
w
er
,
is
ca
lc
u
lated
b
y
t
h
e
m
u
lt
ip
licatio
n
o
f
d
elay
ti
m
e
a
n
d
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
[
2
6
,
2
7
]
.
T
h
e
a
v
er
ag
e
s
t
atic
p
o
w
er
is
al
s
o
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
w
h
ile
t
h
e
in
p
u
ts
ar
e
k
ep
t
u
n
ch
a
n
g
ed
.
A
ll
o
f
th
e
2
7
p
o
s
s
ib
le
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
in
p
u
t
p
atter
n
s
ar
e
f
ed
to
th
e
cir
c
u
its
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
s
ta
n
d
-
b
y
p
o
w
er
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
.
T
h
e
av
er
ag
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
is
r
ep
o
r
ted
as
th
e
s
tatic
p
o
w
er
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lt
s
ar
e
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
i
n
T
ab
le
2
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
s
o
p
er
ate
m
o
r
e
ef
f
icie
n
tl
y
th
a
n
t
h
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
o
n
es.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
e
s
u
lt
s
s
h
o
w
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
C
u
r
r
en
t
-
Mo
d
e
T
er
n
ar
y
Fu
l
l
A
d
d
er
s
(
C
M
T
FA
1
an
d
C
MT
FA
2
)
ad
v
an
ta
g
e
f
r
o
m
s
i
g
n
if
ica
n
t
d
elay
a
n
d
p
o
w
er
r
ed
u
ct
io
n
s
,
w
h
ic
h
is
m
ain
l
y
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
less
tr
an
s
is
to
r
co
u
n
ts
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
cir
cu
its
.
T
h
e
y
also
s
h
o
w
g
r
ea
ter
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
ter
m
s
o
f
P
DP
,
w
h
ic
h
o
r
ig
i
n
ates
f
r
o
m
th
e
el
i
m
i
n
atio
n
o
f
a
f
e
w
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
s
an
d
s
h
o
r
ten
i
n
g
th
e
cr
itical
p
ath
.
Sen
s
iti
v
it
y
to
th
e
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
is
ex
a
m
i
n
ed
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
an
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
s
.
T
h
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
e
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
t
io
n
(
P
DP
)
v
er
s
u
s
a
w
id
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
a
m
b
ien
t
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
s
,
f
r
o
m
0
C
to
7
0
C
,
is
d
ep
icted
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
s
s
h
o
w
in
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
t
s
en
s
iti
v
it
y
to
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
v
ar
iatio
n
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
t
h
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
o
f
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
i
n
h
i
g
h
f
r
eq
u
en
c
ies
s
u
ch
as
2
GHz
a
n
d
4
GHz
i
s
e
x
a
m
i
n
ed
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
an
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
e
s
ig
n
s
.
T
h
e
r
es
u
lts
o
f
en
er
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
(
P
DP
)
v
er
s
u
s
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
ar
e
d
ep
icted
in
T
ab
le
3.
T
ab
le
2
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lt
s
D
e
si
g
n
s
D
e
l
a
y
(
p
se
c
)
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
P
o
w
e
r
(
W)
P
D
P
(
f
J)
S
t
a
t
i
c
P
o
w
e
r
(
W)
N
o
.
o
f
T
r
a
n
si
st
o
r
s
P
r
e
v
i
o
u
s FA
[
2
4
,
2
5
]
2
2
.
2
5
8
2
0
0
.
1
4
.
4
5
3
7
1
8
6
.
8
7
33
P
r
e
v
i
o
u
s M
o
d
i
f
i
e
d
F
A
[
2
4
,
2
3
]
2
2
.
4
9
8
1
6
1
.
6
9
3
.
6
3
7
7
1
4
8
.
4
1
30
C
M
T
F
A
1
1
4
.
4
9
8
4
9
.
1
8
6
0
.
7
1
3
1
2
2
8
.
8
8
2
14
C
M
T
F
A
2
1
7
.
6
3
1
4
9
.
3
0
7
0
.
8
6
9
3
5
2
8
.
8
9
4
14
T
ab
le
3
.
T
h
e
P
D
P
v
ar
iatio
n
s
v
er
s
u
s
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
B
l
o
c
k
1
G
H
Z
D
e
l
a
y
(
p
se
c
)
P
o
w
e
r
(
μ
W
)
P
D
P
(
f
J)
C
M
T
F
A
1
1
4
.
4
9
8
4
9
.
1
8
6
0
.
7
1
3
1
2
C
M
T
F
A
2
1
7
.
6
3
1
4
9
.
3
0
7
0
.
8
6
9
3
5
P
r
e
v
i
o
u
s FA
[
2
4
,
2
5
]
2
2
.
2
5
8
2
0
0
.
1
4
.
4
5
3
7
P
r
e
v
i
o
u
s M
o
d
i
f
i
e
d
F
A
[
2
4
,
2
3
]
2
2
.
4
9
8
1
6
1
.
6
9
3
.
6
3
7
7
B
l
o
c
k
2
G
H
Z
D
e
l
a
y
(
p
se
c
)
P
o
w
e
r
(
μ
W
)
P
D
P
(
f
J)
C
M
T
F
A
1
1
4
.
7
9
3
4
9
.
2
0
4
0
.
7
2
7
8
6
C
M
T
F
A
2
1
7
.
9
7
2
4
9
.
3
4
9
8
.
8
6
8
8
P
r
e
v
i
o
u
s FA
[
2
4
,
2
5
]
2
2
.
2
4
6
2
0
0
.
3
5
4
.
4
5
6
9
P
r
e
v
i
o
u
s M
o
d
i
f
i
e
d
F
A
[
2
4
,
2
3
]
2
3
.
3
5
3
1
6
1
.
9
3
3
.
7
8
1
6
B
l
o
c
k
4
G
H
Z
D
e
l
a
y
(
p
se
c
)
P
o
w
e
r
(
μ
W
)
P
D
P
(
f
J)
C
M
T
F
A
1
1
4
.
8
7
4
9
.
2
4
8
0
.
7
3
2
3
1
C
M
T
F
A
2
1
7
.
8
7
5
4
9
.
4
4
0
.
8
8
3
8
8
P
r
e
v
i
o
u
s FA
[
2
4
,
2
5
]
2
1
.
0
1
7
2
0
0
.
8
1
4
.
2
2
0
4
P
r
e
v
i
o
u
s M
o
d
i
f
i
e
d
F
A
[
2
4
,
2
3
]
2
2
.
5
0
4
1
6
2
.
4
5
3
.
6
5
5
8
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
R
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2089
-
4864
Tw
o
s
ta
te
-
of
-
th
e
-
a
r
ts
cu
r
r
en
t
-
mo
d
e
tern
a
r
y
fu
ll a
d
d
ers
b
a
s
ed
o
n
C
N
TFE
T tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(
Mo
n
a
Mo
r
a
d
i
)
25
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
I
n
p
u
t a
n
d
o
u
tp
u
t
w
a
v
ef
o
r
m
s
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
(
C
MT
F
A
1
,
2
)
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
P
DP v
er
s
u
s
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
On
e
o
f
t
h
e
ad
v
a
n
tag
e
s
o
f
C
M
L
o
v
er
VM
L
is
t
h
e
eli
m
i
n
atio
n
o
f
s
p
ee
d
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
a
n
d
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
lo
s
s
w
h
en
ap
p
l
y
in
g
f
a
n
-
o
u
t
ci
r
cu
its
.
T
h
is
m
ai
n
l
y
o
r
ig
i
n
ate
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
w
a
y
t
h
at
f
a
n
-
o
u
t
cir
cu
its
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
a
C
ML
c
ir
cu
it
[
5
]
.
T
o
d
o
t
h
is
,
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
c
u
r
r
en
ts
ar
e
m
ir
r
o
r
ed
to
th
e
n
e
w
b
r
an
c
h
es,
i
n
s
tead
o
f
a
d
ir
ec
t
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
[
5
]
.
Fo
r
th
is
m
a
n
n
er
,
s
i
m
u
latio
n
s
ar
e
r
ed
o
n
e
t
w
i
ce
m
o
r
e
to
in
v
es
tig
a
te
th
e
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
:
Firstl
y
,
w
it
h
o
n
l
y
o
n
e
ex
tr
a
o
u
tp
u
t
lo
ad
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
.
Seco
n
d
ly
,
f
o
u
r
co
p
ies
o
f
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
c
u
r
r
en
t
ar
e
also
in
cl
u
d
ed
in
th
e
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
.
T
ab
l
e
4
ex
h
ib
its
t
h
at
t
h
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
lo
ad
tr
an
s
is
to
r
an
d
th
e
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
f
a
n
-
o
u
t c
ir
c
u
it
s
d
o
n
o
t i
m
p
ac
t th
e
ce
ll d
ela
y
t
i
m
e.
T
h
ese
o
v
er
h
ea
d
s
d
o
n
o
t in
cr
ea
s
e
e
x
tr
a
lo
ad
to
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
n
o
d
es,
w
h
er
ea
s
,
v
o
lta
g
e
-
m
o
d
e
cir
cu
its
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
lo
w
er
w
h
e
n
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t lo
ad
in
cr
ea
s
es [
5
]
.
T
ab
le
4
.
Dela
y
p
ar
a
m
eter
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
s
v
er
s
u
s
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t lo
ad
(
s
)
D
e
si
g
n
s
W
i
t
h
o
u
t
a
n
y
L
o
a
d
W
i
t
h
T
h
e
O
u
t
p
u
t
L
o
a
d
T
r
a
n
si
s
t
o
r
W
i
t
h
T
h
e
O
u
t
p
u
t
L
o
a
d
T
r
a
n
si
st
o
r
a
n
d
4
C
o
p
i
e
s o
f
t
h
e
O
u
t
p
u
t
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
D
e
l
a
y
(
p
s)
D
e
l
a
y
(
p
s)
D
e
l
a
y
(
p
s)
C
M
T
F
A
1
1
4
.
4
9
8
2
9
.
6
7
8
2
8
.
6
7
9
0
C
M
T
F
A
2
1
7
.
6
3
1
2
9
.
2
8
7
2
7
.
6
0
2
0
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
9
-
4864
I
n
t J
R
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
2
0
2
0
:
1
9
–
27
26
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
Ne
w
d
esig
n
s
o
f
C
u
r
r
en
t
Mo
d
e
T
er
n
ar
y
F
u
ll
A
d
d
er
ce
lls
b
a
s
ed
o
n
C
NT
FET
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
h
av
e
b
ee
n
p
r
esen
ted
.
T
h
e
n
o
v
el
d
esi
g
n
s
ar
e
b
ased
o
n
m
ix
ed
c
u
r
r
en
t
a
n
d
v
o
lta
g
e
lo
g
ic
s
.
A
d
d
er
ce
lls
r
esp
ec
tin
g
to
th
eir
v
ar
io
u
s
ap
p
licatio
n
s
co
u
ld
b
e
d
esig
n
ed
in
b
o
th
C
ML
a
n
d
VM
L
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es,
h
en
ce
its
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
ca
n
i
m
p
ac
t
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
as
a
w
h
o
le.
T
h
e
p
r
esen
ted
T
er
n
ar
y
C
M
L
F
u
ll
A
d
d
er
ce
ll
s
b
ased
o
n
C
NT
FET
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
an
d
M
VC
M
L
s
p
e
cif
icatio
n
s
to
g
et
h
er
,
p
er
f
o
r
m
b
etter
th
a
n
t
h
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ce
lls
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
u
til
ized
i
n
m
en
tio
n
ed
ap
p
licatio
n
s
i
n
lar
g
e
C
ML
cir
c
u
it
s
an
d
u
n
it
s
in
f
u
tu
r
e
n
a
n
o
-
elec
tr
o
n
ics d
esi
g
n
s
.
T
h
e
n
o
v
el
d
esig
n
s
o
f
F
u
ll
A
d
d
er
s
lead
to
f
e
w
er
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
s
,
T
Ds,
an
d
s
i
m
p
le
d
esi
g
n
.
T
h
ese
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
ar
e
d
u
e
to
h
i
g
h
er
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ce
lls
co
m
p
ar
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
ee
r
o
n
es,
w
h
ic
h
e
m
p
lo
y
co
n
s
ta
n
t
c
u
r
r
en
t
s
o
u
r
ce
s
a
s
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
d
etec
to
r
s
.
I
t
i
s
w
o
r
th
t
o
m
en
tio
n
t
h
at
co
n
v
en
t
io
n
al
T
er
n
ar
y
F
u
ll
A
d
d
er
s
m
u
s
t
b
e
ab
le
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
w
it
h
t
h
e
co
m
p
le
te
s
u
m
o
f
i
n
p
u
t
s
(
Σ
i
n
=6
)
,
w
h
er
ea
s
t
h
e
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
d
esi
g
n
s
ar
e
n
o
t
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
ad
d
in
g
Σ
in
=6
.
A
d
d
itio
n
all
y
,
t
h
e
lo
ad
to
ler
an
ce
an
d
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
o
f
b
o
th
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
s
in
lar
g
e
cir
cu
its
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
s
t
u
d
ied
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lts
in
d
ic
ate
a
g
r
ea
t
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
in
ter
m
s
o
f
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
P
DP
,
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
,
an
d
d
r
iv
i
n
g
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
.
R
e
g
ar
d
in
g
to
s
i
m
u
la
ti
o
n
r
esu
lt
s
,
th
e
b
est
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
C
MT
FA
h
as a
p
p
r
o
x
i
m
atel
y
8
0
% h
i
g
h
er
e
f
f
icien
c
y
th
an
t
h
e
b
est p
r
ev
io
u
s
d
esi
g
n
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
P
DP
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
is
p
ap
er
h
as
b
ee
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
Yo
u
n
g
R
e
s
ea
r
ch
er
a
n
d
E
lite
C
lu
b
,
R
o
u
d
eh
e
n
B
r
an
c
h
,
I
s
la
m
ic
A
za
d
U
n
iv
er
s
it
y
,
R
o
u
d
eh
e
n
,
I
r
an
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
Du
b
ro
v
a
,
E
.
,
"
M
u
l
ti
p
le
-
v
a
lu
e
d
lo
g
ic
in
V
L
S
I:
C
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
a
n
d
o
p
p
o
rtu
n
it
ies
,
"
In
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
NO
RCHIP
,
v
o
l.
99
,
p
p
.
3
4
0
-
350
,
1
9
9
9
.
[2
]
Na
v
i,
K.,
Ka
z
e
m
in
e
jad
,
A
.
a
n
d
Et
iem
b
le,
D.,
"
P
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
C
M
OS
c
u
rre
n
t
m
o
d
e
F
u
ll
A
d
d
e
rs,"
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
2
4
t
h
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
y
mp
o
si
u
m o
n
M
u
lt
ip
le
-
V
a
lu
e
d
L
o
g
ic (
IS
M
VL
'
9
4
)
,
p
p
.
27
-
34
,
1
9
9
4
.
[3
]
Ka
m
e
y
a
m
a
,
M
.
,
Ka
w
a
h
it
o
,
S
.
a
n
d
Hig
u
c
h
i,
T
.
,
"
A
m
u
lt
ip
li
e
r
c
h
ip
w
it
h
m
u
lt
ip
le
-
v
a
lu
e
d
b
i
d
irec
ti
o
n
a
l
c
u
rre
n
t
-
m
o
d
e
lo
g
ic circ
u
it
s,"
Co
mp
u
ter
,
v
o
l.
21
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
43
-
56
,
1
9
8
8
.
[4
]
T
e
m
e
l,
T
.
a
n
d
M
o
rg
u
l,
A
.
,
"
M
u
lt
i
-
v
a
lu
e
d
lo
g
ic
f
u
n
c
ti
o
n
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
w
it
h
n
o
v
e
l
c
u
rre
n
t
-
m
o
d
e
lo
g
ic
g
a
tes
,
"
In
IEE
E
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
y
mp
o
si
u
m o
n
C
irc
u
it
s
a
n
d
S
y
ste
ms
,
2
0
0
2
(
IS
CAS
2
0
0
2
)
,
p
p
.
1
,
p
p
.
8
8
1
-
8
8
4
,
2
0
0
2
.
[5
]
M
o
ra
d
i,
M
.
,
F
a
g
h
i
h
M
irza
e
e
,
R.
,
a
n
d
Na
v
i,
K.,
"
Ne
w
Cu
rre
n
t
-
M
o
d
e
In
teg
ra
ted
T
e
rn
a
r
y
M
in
/M
a
x
Circu
it
s
w
it
h
o
u
t
Co
n
st
a
n
t
In
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
t
C
u
rre
n
t
S
o
u
rc
e
s,
"
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
ter
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
1
,
2
0
1
5
.
[6
]
M
o
ra
d
i,
M
.
,
M
i
rz
a
e
e
,
R.
F
.
A
n
d
Ke
iv
a
n
,
Na
v
i
,
"
Ne
w
Cu
rre
n
t
-
M
o
d
e
M
u
lt
ip
l
iers
b
y
CN
T
F
ET
-
Ba
se
d
n
-
V
a
lu
e
d
Bin
a
ry
Co
n
v
e
rters
,
"
IEI
CE
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s o
n
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
9
9
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
0
0
-
1
0
7
,
2
0
1
6
.
[7
]
De
lİca
n
,
Y.
a
n
d
Yild
iri
m
,
T
.
,
"
Hig
h
p
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
8
-
b
it
m
u
x
b
a
se
d
m
u
lt
ip
li
e
r
d
e
sig
n
u
sin
g
M
O
S
c
u
rre
n
t
m
o
d
e
lo
g
ic,"
In
2
0
1
1
7
th
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
EL
ECO)
,
p
p
.
II
-
89
,
2
0
1
1
.
[8
]
S
m
it
h
,
K.C.
,
"
A
m
u
lt
ip
le v
a
lu
e
d
l
o
g
ic:
a
tu
t
o
rial
a
n
d
a
p
p
re
c
iatio
n
,
"
Co
mp
u
ter
,
v
o
l.
4
,
p
p
.
17
-
27
,
1
9
8
8
.
[9
]
L
ian
g
,
B.
,
M
a
,
K.,
Din
g
,
Z.
a
n
d
F
u
,
X.,
"
T
h
e
stru
c
tu
re
d
e
sig
n
o
f
M
OS
c
u
rre
n
t
m
o
d
e
lo
g
ic
a
d
d
e
r,
"
In
2
0
1
2
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
M
icr
o
wa
v
e
a
n
d
M
il
l
im
e
ter
W
a
v
e
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(
ICM
M
T
)
,
v
o
l.
4
,
p
p
.
1
-
4
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
0
]
Eb
ra
h
im
i,
S
.
,
Ke
sh
a
v
a
rz
ian
,
P
.
,
S
h
a
h
sa
v
a
ri,
M
.
,
S
o
r
o
u
ri,
S
.
,
"
L
o
w
P
o
w
e
r
CNT
F
E
T
-
Ba
s
e
d
T
e
rn
a
r
y
F
u
ll
A
d
d
e
r
Ce
l
l
f
o
r
Na
n
o
e
lec
tro
n
ics
,
"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
o
ft
C
o
mp
u
ti
n
g
a
n
d
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
S
CE)
,
v
o
l.
2
,
p
p
.
291
-
2
9
5
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
1
]
L
in
,
S
.
,
Kim
,
Y.B.
a
n
d
L
o
m
b
a
rd
i
,
F
.
,
"
CNT
F
E
T
-
b
a
se
d
d
e
sig
n
o
f
tern
a
r
y
lo
g
ic
g
a
t
e
s
a
n
d
a
rit
h
m
e
ti
c
c
ircu
it
s,"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Na
n
o
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l.
10
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
1
7
-
2
2
5
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
2
]
Ja
m
a
li
z
a
d
e
h
,
M
.
,
S
h
a
rif
i,
F
.
,
M
o
a
iy
e
ri,
M
.
H.,
Na
v
i,
K.
a
n
d
Ha
sh
e
m
ip
o
u
r,
O.,
"
F
iv
e
n
e
w
M
V
L
c
u
rre
n
t
m
o
d
e
d
if
fe
re
n
ti
a
l
a
b
so
lu
te
v
a
lu
e
c
ircu
i
ts
b
a
se
d
o
n
c
a
rb
o
n
n
a
n
o
-
t
u
b
e
f
i
e
ld
e
ff
e
c
t
tran
sisto
rs
(CNT
F
ET
s
),
"
Na
n
o
-
M
icr
o
L
e
tt
e
rs
,
v
o
l.
2
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
2
2
7
-
2
3
4
,
2
0
1
0
.
[1
3
]
T
e
m
e
l,
T
.
a
n
d
M
o
rg
u
l
,
A
.
,
"
Im
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
m
u
lt
i
-
v
a
lu
e
d
lo
g
ic
g
a
tes
u
sin
g
f
u
ll
c
u
rre
n
t
-
m
o
d
e
C
M
OS
c
ircu
it
s,"
An
a
l
o
g
In
teg
r
a
ted
C
irc
u
it
s a
n
d
S
i
g
n
a
l
Pro
c
e
ss
in
g
,
v
o
l.
3
9
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
9
1
-
2
0
4
,
2
0
0
4
.
[1
4
]
Na
v
i,
K.,
Ka
z
e
m
i
P
.
,
a
n
d
G
h
o
rb
a
n
n
ia,
D.,
"
V
e
ry
Hig
h
S
p
e
e
d
Cu
rr
e
n
t
M
o
d
e
L
o
g
ica
l
Circu
it
s,
"
T
h
e
CS
I
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Co
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
p
p
.
45
-
50
,
2
0
0
5
.
[1
5
]
Av
o
u
ris,
P
.
,
A
p
p
e
n
z
e
ll
e
r,
J.,
M
a
rtel,
R.
a
n
d
W
in
d
,
S
.
J.,
"
Ca
rb
o
n
n
a
n
o
t
u
b
e
e
lec
tro
n
ics
,
"
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
IEE
E
v
o
l.
9
1
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
p
p
.
1
7
7
2
-
1
7
8
4
,
2
0
0
3
.
[1
6
]
Ra
d
h
a
k
rish
n
a
n
,
D.,
"
L
o
w
-
v
o
l
tag
e
lo
w
-
p
o
w
e
r
CM
OS
f
u
ll
a
d
d
e
r,
"
In
IEE
Pr
o
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
Circ
u
it
s,
De
v
ice
s
a
n
d
S
y
ste
ms
,
IET
,
v
o
l.
1
4
8
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
19
-
24,
2
0
0
1
.
[1
7
]
L
in
,
J.F
.
,
Hw
a
n
g
,
Y.
T
.
,
S
h
e
u
,
M
.
H.
a
n
d
Ho
,
C.
C.
,
"
A
n
o
v
e
l
h
ig
h
-
s
p
e
e
d
a
n
d
e
n
e
rg
y
e
ff
icie
n
t
10
-
tran
sisto
r
f
u
ll
a
d
d
e
r
d
e
sig
n
,
"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Ci
rc
u
it
s
a
n
d
S
y
ste
ms
I
:
Reg
u
l
a
r P
a
p
e
rs
,
v
o
l.
54
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
1
0
5
0
-
1
0
5
9
,
2
0
0
7
.
[1
8
]
L
in
,
S
.
,
Kim
,
Y.B.
,
L
o
m
b
a
rd
i,
F
.
a
n
d
L
e
e
,
Y.J.,
"
A
n
e
w
S
RA
M
c
e
ll
d
e
sig
n
u
sin
g
CN
T
F
E
T
s
,
"
IEE
E
2
0
0
8
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
S
o
C
De
sig
n
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
,
v
o
l.
1
,
p
p
.
I
-
1
6
8
,
2
0
0
8
.
[1
9
]
De
n
g
,
J.
a
n
d
W
o
n
g
,
H.
P
.
,
"
A
c
o
m
p
a
c
t
S
P
ICE
m
o
d
e
l
f
o
r
c
a
rb
o
n
-
n
a
n
o
tu
b
e
f
ield
-
e
ff
e
c
t
tran
sisto
rs
in
c
lu
d
in
g
n
o
n
id
e
a
li
ti
e
s
a
n
d
it
s
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
—
P
a
rt
I
:
M
o
d
e
l
o
f
th
e
in
tri
n
sic
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
re
g
io
n
,
"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
El
e
c
tro
n
De
v
ice
s
,
v
o
l.
5
4
,
n
o
.
1
2
,
p
p
.
3
1
8
6
-
3
1
9
4
,
2
0
0
7
a
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
R
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2089
-
4864
Tw
o
s
ta
te
-
of
-
th
e
-
a
r
ts
cu
r
r
en
t
-
mo
d
e
tern
a
r
y
fu
ll a
d
d
ers
b
a
s
ed
o
n
C
N
TFE
T tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(
Mo
n
a
Mo
r
a
d
i
)
27
[2
0
]
De
n
g
,
J.
a
n
d
W
o
n
g
,
H.
P
.
,
"
A
c
o
m
p
a
c
t
S
P
ICE
m
o
d
e
l
f
o
r
c
a
rb
o
n
-
n
a
n
o
tu
b
e
f
ield
-
e
ff
e
c
t
tran
sisto
rs
in
c
lu
d
in
g
n
o
n
id
e
a
li
ti
e
s
a
n
d
it
s
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
—
P
a
rt
II:
F
u
ll
d
e
v
ice
m
o
d
e
l
a
n
d
c
i
rc
u
it
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
b
e
n
c
h
m
a
rk
in
g
,
"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
El
e
c
tro
n
De
v
ice
s
,
v
o
l.
5
4
,
n
o
.
1
2
,
p
p
.
3
1
9
5
-
3
2
0
5
,
2
0
0
7
b
.
[2
1
]
"
S
tan
f
o
rd
Un
iv
e
rsity
CNFE
T
M
o
d
e
l,
"
S
tan
f
o
rd
Na
n
o
e
le
c
tro
n
ics
L
a
b
,
2
0
0
7
.
[
On
li
n
e
]
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
:
//
n
a
n
o
.
sta
n
f
o
rd
.
e
d
u
/m
o
d
e
l.
p
h
p
?
id
=
2
.
[2
2
]
Na
v
i
K.,
Do
o
s
tare
g
a
n
A
.
,
M
o
a
i
y
e
ri
M
.
H.,
Ha
sh
e
m
ip
o
u
r
O.,
"
A
h
a
rd
w
a
re
-
f
ri
e
n
d
ly
a
rit
h
m
e
ti
c
m
e
th
o
d
a
n
d
e
f
f
icie
n
t
im
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
s f
o
r
d
e
sig
n
in
g
d
i
g
it
a
l
f
u
z
z
y
a
d
d
e
rs,"
Fu
zz
y
S
e
ts a
n
d
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
1
8
5
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
1
1
-
1
2
4
,
2
0
1
1
.
[2
3
]
S
h
e
n
,
J.
a
n
d
Ch
e
n
,
X
.
,
"
De
sig
n
o
f
s
y
m
m
e
tri
c
tern
a
r
y
c
u
rre
n
t
-
m
o
d
e
CM
OS
c
ircu
it
s,"
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
t
ro
n
ics
(Ch
in
a
)
,
v
o
l.
1
4
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
3
3
6
-
3
4
4
,
1
9
9
7
.
[2
4
]
X
u
n
w
e
i,
W
.
,
X
ia
o
w
e
i,
D.
a
n
d
S
h
iy
a
n
,
Y.,
"
De
sig
n
o
f
t
e
rn
a
r
y
c
u
rr
e
n
t
-
m
o
d
e
CM
OS
c
ircu
it
s
b
a
se
d
o
n
sw
it
c
h
-
sig
n
a
l
th
e
o
ry
,
"
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
(
Ch
in
a
),
v
o
l.
1
0
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
9
3
-
202
,
1
9
9
3
.
[2
5
]
Zh
o
u
,
Q.N.
,
Yu
,
M
.
Y.
a
n
d
Ye
,
Y.Z
.
,
"
On
-
c
h
ip
v
o
lt
a
g
e
d
o
w
n
c
o
n
v
e
rter
w
it
h
p
re
c
isio
n
CM
O
S
c
u
rre
n
t
so
u
rc
e
f
o
r
V
L
S
I
c
h
ip
,
"
In
2
0
0
5
I
EE
E
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
El
e
c
tro
n
De
v
ice
s a
n
d
S
o
l
id
-
S
t
a
te Ci
rc
u
it
s
,
p
p
.
3
7
5
-
3
7
8
,
2
0
0
5
.
[2
6
]
M
o
ra
d
i,
M
.
,
M
irza
e
e
,
R.
F
.
,
M
o
a
i
y
e
ri,
M
.
H.
a
n
d
Na
v
i,
K.,
"
A
n
a
p
p
li
c
a
b
le
h
ig
h
-
e
f
f
icie
n
t
CN
T
F
ET
-
b
a
se
d
f
u
ll
a
d
d
e
r
c
e
ll
f
o
r
p
ra
c
ti
c
a
l
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts,"
In
2
0
1
2
1
6
t
h
C
S
I
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
y
mp
o
siu
m
o
n
Co
m
p
u
ter
Arc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
a
n
d
Dig
it
a
l
S
y
ste
ms
(
CADS
)
,
p
p
.
7
-
1
2
,
2
0
1
2
.
[2
7
]
M
o
a
iy
e
ri,
M
.
H.,
M
irza
e
e
,
R.
F
.
,
Do
o
sta
re
g
a
n
,
A
.
,
Na
v
i,
K.
a
n
d
Ha
s
h
e
m
ip
o
u
r,
O.,
"
A
u
n
iv
e
rsa
l
m
e
th
o
d
f
o
r
d
e
sig
n
in
g
lo
w
-
p
o
w
e
r
c
a
rb
o
n
n
a
n
o
tu
b
e
F
E
T
-
b
a
se
d
m
u
lt
ip
le
-
v
a
lu
e
d
lo
g
ic
c
ircu
it
s,"
Co
mp
u
ter
s
&
Dig
it
a
l
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
s,
IET
,
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
6
7
-
1
8
1
,
2
0
1
3
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S
O
F
AUTH
O
RS
M
o
n
a
M
o
ra
d
i
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
e
r
B.
S
.
a
n
d
M
.
S
c
.
d
e
g
re
e
s
in
Ha
rd
w
a
re
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
.
S
h
e
h
a
s
P
h
.
D.
d
e
g
re
e
in
2
0
1
5
a
t
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
Re
se
a
rc
h
Bra
n
c
h
o
f
Isla
m
ic
A
z
a
d
U
n
iv
e
rsity
u
n
d
e
r
su
p
e
rv
isi
o
n
o
f
P
ro
f
.
Ke
iv
a
n
Na
v
i.
He
r
re
s
e
a
r
c
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
V
L
S
I,
Dig
it
a
l
In
teg
ra
ted
Circu
it
s,
M
V
L
,
A
rit
h
m
e
ti
c
Circu
it
s,
CNT
F
ET
,
n
a
n
o
e
lec
tro
n
ic,
h
a
r
d
w
a
re
se
c
u
rit
y
a
n
d
Cry
p
to
g
ra
p
h
y
.
S
h
e
is
n
o
w
a
ss
istan
t
p
ro
f
e
ss
o
r
a
t
Isla
m
ic
A
z
a
d
Un
iv
e
rsity
in
Ro
u
d
e
h
e
n
b
r
a
n
c
h
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.