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tr
o
n
g
u
s
e
o
f
o
f
f
-
c
h
ip
an
alo
g
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
to
r
ea
lize
th
e
b
an
d
-
p
ass
f
ilter
(
B
P
F)
f
o
u
n
d
in
s
o
m
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
H
o
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
FP
G
A
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
r
e
m
ai
n
s
t
h
e
m
o
s
t u
s
ed
f
o
r
d
ata
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
liter
atu
r
e,
w
e
f
o
u
n
d
s
ev
er
al
au
th
o
r
s
w
h
o
ch
o
s
e
th
e
FP
GA
f
o
r
th
eir
w
ir
ele
s
s
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
s
y
s
te
m
.
Fo
r
in
s
ta
n
ce
,
Mo
u
b
ar
k
et
al.
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
n
e
w
ar
ch
it
ec
tu
r
e
to
r
ea
lize
a
QP
SK
m
o
d
u
lato
r
[
5
]
.
T
h
e
to
tal
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
ed
b
y
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
u
lato
r
is
4
0
m
W
.
T
h
is
r
esu
lt
is
v
er
y
p
r
o
m
is
i
n
g
f
o
r
th
e
ch
o
ice
o
f
th
e
FP
GA
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
as
a
p
r
o
to
ty
p
i
n
g
p
lat
f
o
r
m
to
b
u
ild
w
ir
eless
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
Ov
er
ti
m
e,
o
th
er
ar
ch
itect
u
r
es o
f
t
h
e
QP
SK
m
o
d
u
lato
r
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
A
l Sa
f
i d
escr
ib
es a
n
e
w
QP
SK
m
o
d
u
lato
r
t
h
at
u
s
e
s
o
n
e
L
UT
an
d
t
w
o
ac
cu
m
u
lato
r
s
to
g
en
er
ate
t
h
e
f
o
u
r
p
h
a
s
es
o
f
th
e
QP
SK
[
8
]
.
Kn
o
w
i
n
g
th
at
an
ac
cu
m
u
lato
r
i
s
a
r
eg
is
ter
w
h
ic
h
r
o
le
is
to
s
to
r
e
L
UT
d
ata
tem
p
o
r
ar
il
y
,
th
er
e
f
o
r
e
th
e
r
ea
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
s
e
d
ata
w
il
l
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
ela
y
in
to
th
e
p
h
ase
g
en
er
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
t
h
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
th
is
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
d
ela
y
o
n
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
n
e
g
li
g
ib
le
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
g
ain
i
n
cu
r
r
ed
w
it
h
th
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
i
n
th
e
s
ize
o
f
th
e
cir
cu
it.
I
n
s
o
m
e
o
th
er
QP
SK
ar
ch
itectu
r
es
a
d
ig
itized
ca
r
r
ier
w
av
e
g
e
n
er
ato
r
w
as
u
s
ed
[
6
]
an
d
[
7
]
.
T
h
ese
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
ar
e
g
en
er
ated
f
r
o
m
a
N
u
m
er
icall
y
C
o
n
tr
o
lled
Osc
illato
r
(
NC
O)
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
th
e
I
a
n
d
Q
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
i
g
n
als
[
7
]
.
W
ith
t
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
th
e
t
wo
m
u
ltip
lier
s
,
a
s
w
ell
as
th
e
lo
ca
l
o
s
cillato
r
,
ar
e
n
o
lo
n
g
er
n
ee
d
ed
.
I
n
th
e
q
u
est
to
r
ed
u
ce
t
h
e
s
p
ac
e
o
cc
u
p
ied
b
y
th
e
m
o
d
u
lato
r
in
t
h
e
FP
GA
s
ev
er
al
d
esig
n
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
,
s
o
m
e
o
f
w
h
ich
ar
e
f
o
u
n
d
in
[
8
]
-
[
1
0
]
.
Ov
er
all,
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
FP
GA
to
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
d
ig
ita
l
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
i
s
v
er
y
w
ell
ex
p
lo
ited
in
th
e
liter
at
u
r
e
[
1
1
]
-
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
is
ar
ticle
is
o
r
g
a
n
ized
as
f
o
llo
ws.
I
n
s
ec
t
io
n
1
w
e
p
r
ese
n
t
th
e
to
p
ic
o
n
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
DM
tech
n
iq
u
es
i
n
co
m
m
u
n
i
ca
tio
n
s
s
y
s
te
m
d
esi
g
n
.
I
n
s
e
ctio
n
2
w
e
w
i
ll
b
r
ief
l
y
r
ev
i
e
w
t
h
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
o
f
th
e
P
SK
m
o
d
u
latio
n
.
I
n
Sectio
n
3
a
n
e
w
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
o
f
a
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
r
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
P
SK
m
o
d
u
lato
r
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
Sectio
n
s
4
an
d
5
ar
e
d
ed
icate
d
to
th
e
p
r
esen
ta
tio
n
o
f
s
i
m
u
latio
n
an
d
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
r
esu
lt
s
r
esp
ec
ti
v
el
y
.
I
n
Secti
o
n
6
w
e
p
r
esen
t
an
en
cr
y
p
ti
o
n
k
e
y
g
en
er
ato
r
cir
c
u
it.
Fi
n
all
y
,
w
e
co
n
c
lu
d
e
in
Sectio
n
7
.
2.
P
H
ASE
SH
I
F
T
K
E
Y
I
N
G
T
H
E
O
RY
I
n
th
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
,
t
h
e
p
h
ases
o
f
d
ev
el
o
p
in
g
an
e
v
al
u
atio
n
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
s
u
itab
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o
f
a
n
ti
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h
y
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er
ten
s
iv
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r
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as
p
r
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ted
i
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Fi
g
u
r
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1
.
Dev
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m
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tag
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is
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o
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ir
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ase
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v
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t d
ata
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ital,
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p
er
t k
n
o
w
led
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e
a
n
d
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
l
ite
r
atu
r
e
s
tu
d
ie
s
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
tag
e
is
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
ev
al
u
atio
n
o
f
th
e
f
it
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
p
atien
t
w
it
h
th
e
t
y
p
e
o
f
a
n
ti
-
h
y
p
er
te
n
s
i
v
e
d
r
u
g
s
.
T
h
e
m
e
th
o
d
u
s
ed
is
P
r
o
f
ile
Ma
tch
i
n
g
m
et
h
o
d
.
(
)
=
(
2
+
(
1
−
)
)
(
1
)
Fo
r
=
0
,
1
w
e
h
a
v
e:
0
(
)
=
−
(
2
)
→
0
(
2
)
1
(
)
=
(
2
)
→
1
(
3
)
W
h
ile
t
h
e
B
P
SK
m
o
d
u
latio
n
is
m
o
r
e
r
o
b
u
s
t,
Q
u
ad
r
atu
r
e
P
h
ase
Sh
if
t
Ke
y
in
g
(
QP
SK)
m
o
d
u
latio
n
p
r
o
v
id
es
h
i
g
h
er
d
ata
r
ate,
an
d
th
er
e
f
o
r
e
m
o
r
e
s
u
ited
f
o
r
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
[
1
4
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
co
n
v
en
t
io
n
al
ar
ch
itec
tu
r
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o
f
th
e
QP
SK
m
o
d
u
lato
r
.
T
h
is
cir
cu
it
is
f
u
ll
y
i
m
p
le
m
en
tab
le
in
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n
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ca
n
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d
escr
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y
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o
r
th
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t
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o
f
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Har
d
w
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Descr
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n
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u
a
g
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(
HD
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u
r
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r
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2
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ch
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r
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o
f
th
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QP
SK
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ato
r
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u
r
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3
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s
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ates
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m
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u
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n
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d
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n
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m
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ith
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y
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aw
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atio
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r
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,
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atio
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e
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e
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el
t
h
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ased
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W
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o
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th
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m
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r
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ated
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ith
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e
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ir
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t
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o
l
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1
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ted
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th
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le
o
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/
4
.
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h
u
s
,
th
e
QP
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m
o
d
u
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r
h
a
v
i
n
g
f
o
u
r
s
y
m
b
o
ls
o
f
f
er
s
a
h
i
g
h
er
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
r
ate
th
a
n
th
e
B
P
SK
m
o
d
u
lato
r
.
No
w
if
w
e
lo
o
k
at
th
e
r
ec
ep
tio
n
lev
el,
ie
at
th
e
QP
SK
an
d
B
P
SK
d
e
m
o
d
u
lato
r
s
,
w
e
n
o
te
th
at
t
h
e
s
ig
n
al
af
ter
p
ass
in
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
c
h
a
n
n
el
s
p
air
ed
w
ith
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
n
o
is
e
s
,
t
h
e
B
P
SK
d
em
o
d
u
lato
r
h
as
o
n
l
y
t
wo
d
ec
is
io
n
s
to
m
ak
e
w
h
ile
t
h
e
QP
SK
d
em
o
d
u
lato
r
h
as
f
o
u
r
.
T
h
is
tells
u
s
th
at
t
h
e
B
P
SK
m
o
d
u
latio
n
is
m
o
r
e
r
o
b
u
s
t
th
an
QP
SK
m
o
d
u
latio
n
u
s
i
n
g
o
n
l
y
t
w
o
p
h
ase
s
m
a
k
es
s
i
g
n
al
r
ec
ep
tio
n
ea
s
ier
f
o
r
th
e
d
em
o
d
u
lato
r
cir
cu
it.
T
h
ese
t
w
o
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
ch
e
m
es
ar
e
w
id
el
y
u
s
ed
in
to
d
a
y
'
s
co
m
m
u
n
icati
o
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
Dep
en
d
i
n
g
o
n
th
e
d
esig
n
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es,
co
m
p
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m
is
es
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ill
b
e
m
ad
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b
et
w
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n
s
p
ee
d
a
n
d
r
o
b
u
s
tn
e
s
s
.
Her
e,
w
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p
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o
p
o
s
e
a
n
e
w
ar
c
h
itect
u
r
e
th
a
t
m
ee
ts
th
ese
t
w
o
cr
iter
ia
an
d
m
o
r
e.
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I
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176
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
QP
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m
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tella
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NF
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AB
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P
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SK
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AND
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S
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ARCH
I
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Her
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itect
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ig
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le
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r
ese
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ted
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n
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
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h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
co
n
s
u
m
e
s
v
er
y
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le
p
o
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er
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d
o
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u
p
ies
a
n
eg
li
g
ib
le
s
p
ac
e
in
th
e
FP
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.
T
h
is
d
esig
n
i
s
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
in
r
ea
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ti
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e
(
1
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n
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al
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y
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i
n
g
t
w
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s
w
itch
e
s
o
r
(
2
)
b
y
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
v
ia
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
in
g
.
A
lth
o
u
g
h
th
e
th
r
ee
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
c
h
e
m
e
s
QP
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8
-
P
SK,
an
d
1
6
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P
SK
ar
e
p
r
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t
in
t
h
e
FP
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its
tr
ea
m
,
o
n
l
y
o
n
e
s
ch
e
m
e
ca
n
b
e
s
elec
ted
at
a
ti
m
e.
No
te
th
at
th
e
cir
cu
i
t
r
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o
n
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ig
u
r
atio
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n
e
w
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t
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h
e
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ee
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en
er
ati
n
g
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h
e
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co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
b
its
;
th
er
e
f
o
r
e
w
it
h
o
u
t
an
y
in
ter
r
u
p
tio
n
o
f
s
er
v
ice.
T
h
is
h
a
s
n
ev
e
r
b
ee
n
d
o
n
e
in
t
h
e
p
ast.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
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en
e
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ate
P
SK
m
o
d
u
latio
n
t
y
p
e
s
u
p
to
N
-
P
SK.
Hav
i
n
g
in
m
i
n
d
th
at
t
h
e
m
o
r
e
w
e
ad
d
p
h
ases
ie
3
2
-
P
SK
an
d
s
o
o
n
th
e
m
o
r
e
th
e
r
ec
ep
tio
n
o
f
d
ata
w
il
l
b
e
d
if
f
ic
u
lt a
t t
h
e
r
ec
eiv
er
en
d
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Ne
w
ar
ch
ec
t
u
r
e
o
f
a
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
P
SK
m
o
d
u
la
to
r
T
h
is
f
ea
tu
r
e
o
f
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
is
v
er
y
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
in
s
it
u
a
tio
n
s
o
f
v
er
y
s
tr
o
n
g
j
am
m
in
g
.
L
i
k
e
th
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
h
o
p
p
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
w
h
ich
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
ch
a
n
g
i
n
g
f
r
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u
e
n
cie
s
to
co
u
n
ter
j
a
m
m
in
g
s
,
h
er
e
th
e
s
ch
e
m
e
o
f
th
e
P
SK
m
o
d
u
latio
n
w
ill
b
e
t
h
e
p
ar
am
eter
to
ch
a
n
g
e
to
ac
co
m
p
li
s
h
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
ta
s
k
.
A
cc
o
r
d
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g
l
y
,
th
e
th
r
ee
m
o
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u
la
tio
n
s
c
h
e
m
es
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
ca
n
b
e
p
r
ep
r
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g
r
am
m
ed
to
b
e
u
s
e
d
in
t
u
r
n
cr
ea
ti
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g
a
p
h
ase
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o
p
p
in
g
as
a
m
ea
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s
o
f
p
r
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n
in
th
e
p
r
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o
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j
am
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attac
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s
.
Fo
r
th
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E
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Me
asu
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P
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t
o
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th
e
m
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th
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d
em
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m
u
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T
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,
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d
e
m
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t
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p
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ase
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eq
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th
e
m
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ato
r
.
T
h
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P
s
eu
d
o
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f
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ate
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ases
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esire
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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177
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n
g
t
h
e
R
OM
r
ea
d
s
tar
t
ad
d
r
ess
.
T
h
e
s
tate
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ac
h
i
n
e
in
t
h
i
s
ar
ch
itect
u
r
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w
ill
r
ea
d
th
e
R
OM
co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
l
y
u
n
ti
l
a
n
e
w
s
y
m
b
o
l
is
r
ec
eiv
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
er
ial
to
p
ar
allel
co
n
v
er
ter
m
o
d
u
le.
T
h
e
latter
g
en
er
ate
s
th
e
s
y
m
b
o
ls
f
o
r
th
e
th
r
ee
t
y
p
es
o
f
m
o
d
u
lato
r
b
ein
g
QP
SK,
8
-
PS
K,
an
d
1
6
-
P
SK.
Fo
r
ea
ch
s
y
m
b
o
l,
a
u
n
iq
u
e
s
tar
t
ad
d
r
ess
f
o
r
r
e
ad
in
g
in
t
h
e
R
OM
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i
g
n
e
d
,
th
u
s
f
o
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ch
n
e
w
s
y
m
b
o
l
r
ec
eiv
ed
th
e
r
ea
d
co
u
n
ter
is
i
n
itialized
to
th
e
n
e
w
s
tar
t
ad
d
r
ess
v
al
u
e
ca
lcu
la
ted
.
T
h
at
s
aid
,
th
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s
tar
t
ad
d
r
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es
in
d
icate
th
e
p
h
a
s
es
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
d
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lato
r
t
h
at
ar
e
g
en
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ated
.
T
h
e
R
OM
co
n
tain
s
t
h
e
w
a
v
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o
r
m
to
b
e
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e
e
n
co
d
er
p
h
ase
m
o
d
u
le
to
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en
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ate
t
h
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
p
h
a
s
es
o
f
t
h
e
s
e
lect
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m
o
d
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latio
n
s
c
h
e
m
e.
W
e
u
s
ed
th
e
3
-
w
ir
e
SP
I
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
co
r
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f
r
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m
Di
g
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n
t
T
M
to
p
r
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g
r
am
th
e
g
e
n
er
ic
m
o
d
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r
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d
to
co
m
m
u
n
icate
t
h
e
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
d
ata
to
th
e
SP
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in
ter
f
ac
e
o
f
th
e
D
AC
u
s
ed
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T
h
e
DA
C
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s
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th
e
Dig
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n
t
P
MO
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A
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w
h
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ith
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a
m
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les
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.
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e
p
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ase
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n
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d
er
m
o
d
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le
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s
a
k
e
y
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
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r
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o
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R
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tp
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e
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ter
.
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p
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ize
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ed
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itiall
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y
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te
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i
s
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les
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e,
QP
SK,
8
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SK,
an
d
16
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P
SK.
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y
s
elec
tin
g
th
e
“
s
ta
r
t
m
o
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e”
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th
e
m
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d
u
lato
r
b
eg
in
s
r
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e
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ata
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a
n
d
r
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tes
it
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ial
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o
n
v
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te
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h
e
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ial
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v
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ter
is
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o
n
f
i
g
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r
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le
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ter
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ter
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ter
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m
m
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ate
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h
e
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d
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r
esp
ec
ti
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el
y
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h
e
co
n
v
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ter
w
ill
g
e
n
er
ate
th
e
s
y
m
b
o
l
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
in
p
u
t
s
er
ial
s
i
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n
al.
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y
s
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g
t
h
e
t
y
p
e
o
f
m
o
d
u
latio
n
to
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e
g
en
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ated
,
th
e
p
s
eu
d
o
co
d
e
f
o
r
th
e
HDL
b
elo
w
is
u
s
ed
to
g
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er
ate
th
e
p
h
ase
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i
f
f
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en
ce
s
.
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o
g
en
e
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ate
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ase
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tar
t r
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d
in
g
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e
R
OM
f
r
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d
if
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en
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2
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th
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HDL
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icate
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