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Dig
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m
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n
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ra
in
with
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m
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a
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e
fu
n
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a
m
e
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tal
p
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x
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is
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sfe
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t
re
c
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rd
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o
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t
o
th
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lo
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ly
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K
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w
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d
s
:
B
r
ain
co
m
p
u
ter
i
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ter
f
ac
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E
lectr
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ce
p
h
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g
r
am
Hu
m
an
b
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ter
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et
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Mic
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Vir
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b
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ain
T
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is i
s
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n
o
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c
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ss
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rticle
u
n
d
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r th
e
CC B
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-
SA
li
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n
se
.
C
o
r
r
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s
p
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ing
A
uth
o
r
:
K.
K.
Sar
av
an
an
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
E
lectr
ical
an
d
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lectr
o
n
ics E
n
g
in
ee
r
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g
,
Un
i
v
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ity
C
o
lleg
e
o
f
E
n
g
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n
ee
r
in
g
T
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ir
u
k
k
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alai,
Nag
a
p
attin
am
-
Dis
t,
Nea
r
est
R
ailway
Statio
n
-
T
h
ir
u
v
ar
u
r
,
T
a
m
il Na
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u
,
I
n
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-
m
ail:
s
ar
av
an
an
.
s
an
ti@
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m
a
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o
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Ov
er
a
lo
n
g
tim
e,
all
m
aster
an
d
m
ass
-
s
h
o
wca
s
e
u
tili
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m
s
tan
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s
co
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n
tin
g
s
h
a
r
p
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tr
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ctu
r
e
ex
ten
d
in
g
,
ex
h
ib
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th
e
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o
p
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g
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
in
te
r
n
et
o
f
th
i
n
g
s
(
I
o
T
)
th
in
g
s
an
d
its
d
iv
er
s
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
.
A
g
r
ea
t
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
in
to
h
o
w
th
e
b
r
ain
o
f
a
h
u
m
an
b
ei
n
g
wo
r
k
s
is
in
f
er
r
ed
f
r
o
m
a
to
tal
p
ictu
r
e
o
f
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
th
e
b
r
ain
.
T
h
is
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ca
n
b
e
u
tili
ze
d
to
f
i
n
d
u
n
u
s
ed
d
r
u
g
s
an
d
s
tr
ateg
ies
o
f
tr
ea
tm
en
t
f
o
r
a
h
u
g
e
clu
s
ter
o
f
b
r
ain
clu
tter
s
[
1
]
.
T
h
e
co
llectio
n
o
f
an
ex
p
an
s
iv
e
v
o
lu
m
e
o
f
p
ictu
r
es
o
f
th
e
b
r
ai
n
tis
s
u
es
with
in
th
e
ce
llu
lar
an
d
t
h
e
s
u
b
ce
llu
lar
lev
el
h
as
b
ee
n
m
a
d
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
b
y
th
e
h
ea
d
way
s
with
in
th
e
in
tag
lio
b
r
ain
im
a
g
in
g
s
tr
ateg
ies.
T
h
es
e
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
am
p
lifie
d
in
v
esti
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n
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
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teo
m
e
(
o
u
tli
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e)
a
n
d
clar
ity
[
2
]
.
I
n
s
p
ite
o
f
th
e
f
ac
t
th
at
th
is
ap
p
ea
r
s
ad
v
an
tag
e
o
u
s
,
th
ese
h
ig
h
-
r
eso
lu
tio
n
im
a
g
es
p
o
s
tu
r
e
a
n
o
th
er
ch
allen
g
e;
to
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ely
p
r
ep
ar
e
an
d
a
n
aly
s
es
th
em
.
T
h
e
f
ig
u
r
es
d
is
ch
ar
g
ed
f
in
al
o
n
liv
elih
o
o
d
s
a
n
d
o
f
s
en
t
d
ep
en
d
e
n
cies,
ap
p
ea
r
s
an
esti
m
atio
n
o
f
th
e
I
o
T
co
u
r
s
es
o
f
ac
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n
with
in
th
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g
en
u
in
e
s
ca
le
o
p
er
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n
al
cir
cu
m
s
tan
ce
s
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
p
ilo
t
an
d
co
m
m
e
r
ce
o
r
g
an
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ar
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p
r
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in
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t
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s
ig
n
if
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f
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tili
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I
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s
tan
d
ar
d
s
in
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v
an
ce
d
u
t
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cir
cu
m
s
tan
ce
s
.
T
h
e
co
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ce
p
t
o
f
b
r
ai
n
I
o
T
r
o
tates
ar
o
u
n
d
th
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co
m
p
le
x
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t J Reco
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f
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&
E
m
b
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d
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Sy
s
t
I
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N:
2089
-
4
8
6
4
Dig
ita
l b
r
a
in
:
Mo
d
el
-
b
a
s
ed
fr
a
mewo
r
k
fo
r
d
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d
a
b
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p
h
a
lo
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r
a
m
s
en
s
in
g
a
n
d
… (
R
.
J.
K
a
vith
a
)
169
cir
cu
m
s
tan
ce
s
wh
er
ein
th
e
ac
t
u
atio
n
an
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l
o
f
a
f
r
a
m
e
wo
r
k
ar
e
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
d
b
y
th
e
p
o
p
u
lace
s
o
f
th
e
I
o
T
co
n
tain
er
s
[
3
]
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
th
at
a
r
e
u
tili
z
ed
in
th
is
ex
ten
d
ar
e
an
e
lectr
o
en
ce
p
h
alo
g
r
am
(
EEG
)
s
en
s
o
r
,
th
e
AVR
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
th
e
I
o
T
m
o
d
em
a
n
d
th
e
wid
esp
r
ea
d
n
o
n
c
o
n
cu
r
r
en
t
c
o
llecto
r
tr
an
s
m
itter
(
UART
)
.
E
lectr
o
en
ce
p
h
al
o
g
r
am
(
EEG
)
is
a
s
en
s
o
r
th
at'
s
u
til
ized
to
s
en
s
e
th
e
elec
tr
ic
b
ea
ts
o
f
th
e
h
u
m
a
n
b
r
ain
,
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
o
f
th
e
r
ea
lity
th
at
th
e
b
r
ain
is
d
y
n
am
ic
o
r
n
o
t
An
AVR
m
icr
o
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
is
u
tili
ze
d
f
o
r
u
tili
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ng
th
e
q
u
ic
k
s
ig
n
d
ea
lin
g
with
m
o
v
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th
at'
s
d
is
p
lay
in
an
em
b
e
d
d
ed
s
y
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tem
.
I
t
as
o
f
n
o
w
h
as
all
th
e
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
a
n
d
is
b
u
ilt
o
n
to
a
s
in
g
le
ch
ip
.
B
r
ain
c
o
m
p
u
ter
i
n
ter
f
ac
e
(
B
C
I
)
is
th
e
af
f
in
ity
o
f
th
e
h
u
m
an
b
r
ain
an
d
th
e
co
m
p
u
ter
.
UART
is
u
tili
ze
d
f
o
r
tr
an
s
m
itti
n
g
an
d
c
o
llectin
g
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
it'
s
b
ein
g
r
elate
d
with
th
e
I
o
T
[
4
]
.
A
m
o
d
est
b
u
n
ch
ar
e
ar
r
a
n
g
ed
f
o
r
a
tall
th
r
o
u
g
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p
u
t
a
n
d
a
lo
n
g
n
eu
r
o
n
ex
am
i
n
atio
n
at
th
e
p
h
o
n
e
d
eg
r
ee
,
wh
ich
is
th
e
p
r
em
is
e
f
o
r
th
e
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
ce
r
eb
r
al
cir
cu
itry
an
d
f
o
r
s
ep
ar
a
tin
g
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
an
d
h
ar
m
f
u
l
p
s
y
c
h
es.
A
tall
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
an
d
a
m
o
o
d
o
r
m
a
n
cy
r
eq
u
est
o
f
i
n
tellect
d
ata
will
r
eq
u
ir
e
a
q
u
ic
k
d
atab
ase
an
d
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
in
g
in
ter
f
ac
e
th
at
is
ac
ce
p
tab
le
to
th
e
co
lo
s
s
al
s
co
p
e
o
f
th
e
d
iag
r
am
m
atic
ass
es
s
m
en
t
[
5
]
.
B
r
ain
ch
a
r
ts
o
f
f
er
a
s
h
if
ted
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
th
e
r
e
p
r
esen
ta
tio
n
o
f
th
e
a
u
x
iliar
y
o
r
s
er
v
i
ce
ab
le
to
p
o
lo
g
y
in
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
ca
teg
o
r
ies.
A
lar
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
co
m
p
u
ter
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
ex
is
t
f
o
r
an
aly
zin
g
th
e
to
p
o
lo
g
y
o
f
b
r
ain
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
s
u
tili
zin
g
a
ch
ar
t
h
y
p
o
th
esis
[
6
]
.
T
h
e
y
b
a
s
ically
ce
n
ter
o
n
in
q
u
ir
i
n
g
ab
o
u
t
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
o
f
th
e
an
at
o
m
ically
p
r
o
tects
b
r
ain
lo
ca
les.
A
f
ew
ar
e
b
u
ilt
f
o
r
a
tall
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
a
n
d
lo
n
g
-
r
an
g
e
n
eu
r
al
ex
am
in
atio
n
at
t
h
e
ce
llu
lar
l
ev
el,
wh
ich
is
p
iv
o
tal
f
o
r
co
m
p
r
eh
en
d
in
g
t
h
e
b
r
ai
n
en
tr
ie
s
an
d
f
o
r
r
ela
tin
g
d
y
n
am
ic
an
d
ailin
g
b
r
ain
s
[
7
]
.
T
all
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
an
d
m
o
o
id
len
ess
ca
lcu
latio
n
o
f
b
r
a
in
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
will
co
m
m
an
d
tall
s
p
ee
d
d
atab
ases
an
d
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
in
g
in
te
r
f
ac
in
g
th
at
ar
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
c
o
n
s
is
ten
t
with
an
en
o
r
m
o
u
s
s
ca
le
ch
ar
t e
x
am
in
atio
n
[
8
]
.
Neih
ar
t
an
d
Ha
r
r
is
o
n
[
9
]
h
a
v
e
s
p
o
k
en
ab
o
u
t
th
e
n
e
u
r
al
ch
r
o
n
icle
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
s
th
at
n
e
ed
g
ad
g
ets
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
b
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
m
o
v
e
.
T
h
ese
g
ad
g
ets
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
litt
le
an
d
lo
w
p
o
wer
as
th
ey
ar
e
p
lace
d
n
ea
r
to
th
e
ce
r
eb
r
u
m
.
Utilizin
g
a
p
ar
asit
ic
r
ad
io
wir
e
u
n
d
er
2
m
m
lo
n
g
,
a
p
o
wer
lev
el
w
as
esti
m
ated
to
b
e
5
9
.
7
3
d
B
m
awa
y
o
f
f
o
f
o
n
e
m
eter
[
9
]
.
Kev
r
ic
a
n
d
Su
b
asi
[
1
0
]
e
x
p
lain
a
b
o
u
t
t
h
r
ee
p
o
p
u
l
ar
s
ig
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
es
(
em
p
ir
ical
m
o
d
e
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
itio
n
,
d
is
cr
ete
wav
ele
t
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
s
,
a
n
d
wav
elet
p
ac
k
et
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
iti
o
n
)
wer
e
an
aly
ze
d
f
o
r
th
e
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
elec
tr
o
en
ce
p
h
al
o
g
r
ap
h
y
(
E
E
G)
s
ig
n
als
in
th
e
B
C
I
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
a
class
if
icatio
n
task
.
Pu
b
licly
av
ailab
le
B
C
I
co
m
p
etitio
n
I
I
I
d
a
taset
I
Va,
a
m
u
ltich
an
n
el
2
-
cl
ass
m
o
to
r
-
im
ag
er
y
d
ataset,
was
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
is
p
u
r
p
o
s
e.
Mu
ltis
ca
le
Prin
ci
p
al
C
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
An
al
y
s
is
m
eth
o
d
was
ap
p
lied
f
o
r
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
n
o
is
e
r
em
o
v
al
[
1
0
]
.
C
ald
well
et
a
l
.
[
1
1
]
an
aly
ze
d
th
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
p
o
s
tu
r
e
o
n
elec
t
r
o
en
ce
p
h
alo
g
r
a
p
h
ic
(
E
E
G)
ac
tiv
ity
an
d
p
s
y
ch
o
m
o
t
o
r
v
ig
ilan
ce
task
(
PVT)
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
in
1
6
s
leep
-
d
ep
r
i
v
ed
v
o
lu
n
teer
s
.
E
E
G
d
ata
wer
e
co
llected
wh
ile
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
co
m
p
leted
1
0
m
in
PVTs u
n
d
er
two
c
o
u
n
t
er
b
alan
ce
d
s
itti
n
g
/s
tan
d
in
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
d
u
r
in
g
2
8
h
o
f
c
o
n
tin
u
o
u
s
wak
e
f
u
ln
ess
.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
an
u
p
r
ig
h
t p
o
s
tu
r
e
in
cr
ea
s
es
E
E
G
a
r
o
u
s
al
an
d
s
u
s
tain
ed
atten
tio
n
,
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
p
o
s
t
u
r
al
m
an
i
p
u
latio
n
s
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ef
u
l
f
o
r
co
u
n
ter
ac
tin
g
f
atig
u
e
in
s
leep
-
d
e
p
r
iv
ed
in
d
iv
id
u
als [
1
1
]
.
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
t o
f
p
o
s
tu
r
e
o
n
s
p
o
n
tan
e
o
u
s
b
r
ain
d
y
n
am
ics b
y
r
ec
o
r
d
in
g
s
ca
lp
elec
tr
ical
ac
tiv
ity
in
f
o
u
r
o
r
th
o
s
tatic
co
n
d
itio
n
s
(
ly
in
g
s
u
p
in
e,
in
clin
ed
at
4
5
°,
s
itti
n
g
u
p
r
ig
h
t,
a
n
d
s
tan
d
in
g
er
ec
t)
.
I
t
s
h
o
ws
th
at
u
p
r
ig
h
t
v
er
s
u
s
s
u
p
in
e
p
o
s
tu
r
e
in
cr
ea
s
es
wid
esp
r
ea
d
h
ig
h
-
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
o
s
cillato
r
y
ac
tiv
ity
.
T
h
e
elec
tr
o
en
ce
p
h
al
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
p
o
s
tu
r
e
as
a
d
eter
m
i
n
an
t
i
n
n
eu
r
o
i
m
ag
i
n
g
.
I
t
g
en
er
alizin
g
s
u
p
in
e
im
ag
in
g
r
esu
lts
to
ec
o
lo
g
ical
h
u
m
an
co
g
n
itio
n
;
th
er
ef
o
r
e,
co
g
n
itiv
e
n
eu
r
o
s
cien
tis
ts
wo
u
ld
b
en
ef
it
f
r
o
m
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
i
n
f
lu
en
ce
o
f
p
o
s
tu
r
e
o
n
b
r
ai
n
d
y
n
am
ics
[
1
2
]
.
T
ec
h
n
iq
u
e
f
u
n
d
am
en
tally
co
u
ld
b
e
a
s
h
o
w
to
clar
if
y
th
e
tech
n
i
q
u
es
o
r
s
tr
ateg
ies
u
tili
ze
d
t
o
a
r
r
an
g
e,
m
ak
e
o
r
a
r
r
an
g
e
a
ex
ten
d
.
T
h
is
s
eg
m
en
t
clar
if
ies
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
th
e
ite
m
an
d
g
ea
r
th
at
will
b
e
u
tili
z
ed
f
o
r
b
u
ild
in
g
u
p
th
is
u
n
d
e
r
t
ak
in
g
f
u
r
th
er
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
u
g
h
t to
b
e
an
aly
ze
d
to
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
th
is
p
r
o
je
ct
[
1
3
]
.
Sp
eier
et
al
.
[
1
4
]
d
escr
ib
es
ab
o
u
t
to
d
e
v
elo
p
a
m
eth
o
d
th
at
ca
n
o
v
e
r
co
m
e
th
ese
b
ar
r
ier
s
b
y
o
p
tim
izin
g
E
E
G
elec
tr
o
d
e
n
u
m
b
er
an
d
p
lace
m
en
t
f
o
r
P3
0
0
s
tu
d
ies
with
in
a
p
o
p
u
latio
n
o
f
s
u
b
jects.
A
Gib
b
s
s
am
p
lin
g
m
eth
o
d
was
d
ev
elo
p
ed
to
f
in
d
th
e
o
p
tim
al
el
ec
tr
o
d
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
g
iv
e
n
a
s
et
o
f
P3
0
0
s
p
eller
d
ata.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
p
r
esen
te
d
a
f
in
in
g
o
p
tim
al
elec
tr
o
d
e
m
o
n
tag
es a
cr
o
s
s
a
u
s
er
p
o
p
u
latio
n
.
R
ed
u
cin
g
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ch
an
n
els
m
ay
r
ed
u
ce
co
s
ts
,
s
et
-
u
p
tim
e,
s
ig
n
al
b
an
d
wid
th
,
a
n
d
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
r
eq
u
i
r
em
en
ts
f
o
r
p
r
ac
tical
o
n
lin
e
P3
0
0
s
p
eller
i
m
p
lem
en
tatio
n
[
1
4
]
.
T
wo
m
ai
n
c
h
allen
g
es
ar
e
ar
is
in
g
in
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
I
o
T
s
c
en
ar
io
s
.
On
e
is
th
e
n
ee
d
to
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
t
v
ar
io
u
s
u
n
iq
u
e
p
latf
o
r
m
s
a
n
d
s
m
ar
t
th
i
n
g
s
in
a
s
in
g
le
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
[
1
5
]
.
A
wiza
r
d
f
o
r
a
n
SS
VE
P
-
b
ased
B
C
I
th
at
au
t
o
m
atica
lly
d
eter
m
in
es
in
d
iv
id
u
al
B
C
I
p
ar
am
eter
s
f
o
r
ea
ch
u
s
er
an
d
ca
n
b
e
h
an
d
led
b
y
in
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
d
p
er
s
o
n
n
el
h
as
b
ee
n
test
ed
with
6
1
h
ea
lth
y
s
u
b
jects.
T
h
e
p
r
esen
ted
s
tu
d
y
co
n
f
i
r
m
s
th
at
th
r
o
u
g
h
ca
r
ef
u
l
u
s
er
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
ch
o
ice
o
f
SS
VE
P
B
C
I
co
n
s
tan
ts
s
u
ch
as
s
tim
u
latio
n
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cies,
class
if
icatio
n
th
r
esh
o
ld
s
,
an
d
s
eg
m
en
t
len
g
th
s
,
h
ig
h
ac
cu
r
ac
ies
ca
n
b
e
ac
h
iev
ed
b
y
a
b
r
o
ad
p
o
p
u
l
atio
n
.
All
s
u
b
jects
ac
h
iev
ed
r
eliab
le
co
n
tr
o
l
o
v
er
th
e
B
C
I
s
y
s
tem
,
r
ea
c
h
in
g
ac
cu
r
ac
ies
ab
o
v
e
8
5
%
[
1
6
]
.
All
th
ese
p
r
o
d
u
cts
a
r
e
af
f
o
r
d
a
b
le,
p
o
r
ta
b
le,
a
n
d
ea
s
y
to
u
s
e
d
esp
ite
th
e
v
ar
iati
o
n
s
in
m
ak
e
an
d
v
er
s
io
n
s
.
T
h
ese
f
ea
tu
r
es
ar
e
u
n
q
u
esti
o
n
a
b
ly
well
-
p
lace
d
,
g
iv
en
t
h
at
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
im
a
r
y
g
o
als
f
o
r
th
eir
cr
ea
tio
n
i
s
to
attr
ac
t
a
n
ew
co
m
m
u
n
ity
o
f
c
o
m
m
er
cial
u
s
e
r
s
[
1
7
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
20
89
-
4
8
6
4
I
n
t J Reco
n
f
ig
u
r
a
b
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
3
,
No
v
em
b
er
2
0
2
1
:
168
–
1
7
5
170
Sin
ce
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
E
E
G
h
as
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
i
n
clin
ical
an
d
ex
p
e
r
im
en
tal
s
ettin
g
s
f
o
r
y
ea
r
s
,
th
e
tr
an
s
itio
n
to
war
d
co
m
m
er
cial
an
d
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
s
id
es
h
as
n
o
t
b
ee
n
with
o
u
t
u
n
ce
r
tain
ty
.
W
ith
th
is
in
m
in
d
,
r
esear
ch
er
s
in
r
elate
d
ar
ea
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
wo
r
k
in
g
d
ilig
en
tly
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
t
h
a
t
th
ese
o
s
ten
s
ib
ly
i
n
n
o
v
ativ
e
f
ea
tu
r
es
we
r
e
n
o
t
im
p
lem
en
ted
at
th
e
co
s
t
o
f
r
el
iab
ilit
y
an
d
ac
cu
r
ac
y
,
b
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
in
g
v
alid
atio
n
s
tu
d
ies
co
m
p
ar
in
g
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
d
ata
d
er
iv
e
d
f
r
o
m
co
n
s
u
m
er
-
g
r
ad
e
E
E
G
d
e
v
ices
to
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
g
e
n
er
ated
f
r
o
m
s
tan
d
ar
d
r
esear
c
h
-
g
r
a
d
e
co
u
n
ter
p
a
r
ts
[
1
8
]
.
E
a
r
-
EEG
-
b
ased
o
b
jectiv
e
h
ea
r
in
g
th
r
e
s
h
o
ld
esti
m
atio
n
ev
alu
ated
o
n
n
o
r
m
al
h
ea
r
in
g
s
u
b
j
ec
ts
.
T
h
e
o
b
jectiv
e
E
E
G
b
ased
tech
n
iq
u
e
o
f
au
d
ito
r
y
s
tead
y
-
s
tate
r
esp
o
n
s
e
h
as
b
ee
n
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
u
s
ed
in
th
e
clin
ic
to
esti
m
ate
h
ea
r
in
g
th
r
esh
o
l
d
lev
els
(
ASSR
)
[
1
9
]
.
B
r
ain
-
PC
in
ter
f
ac
e
(
B
C
I
)
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
will
b
e
ex
ec
u
ted
in
t
h
is
p
ap
er
[
2
0
]
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
d
iag
r
am
o
f
th
e
ex
ten
d
is
ex
h
ib
ited
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
p
o
r
tio
n
s
u
tili
ze
d
i
n
th
is
er
r
a
n
d
ar
e
E
E
G
,
AVR
Sm
al
l
s
ca
le
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
I
o
T
m
o
d
e
m
,
UART
wir
e,
an
d
co
n
s
tr
ain
s
u
p
p
ly
is
en
ab
l
ed
.
T
all
s
p
ee
d
f
lag
h
an
d
lin
g
is
th
e
ess
en
tial
u
tili
z
e
o
f
th
is
AVR
s
ca
led
d
o
wn
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
e
AVR
Sm
all
s
ca
le
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
r
elate
d
with
th
e
E
E
G
s
en
s
o
r
a
n
d
I
o
T
m
o
d
em
.
T
h
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
is
u
tili
ze
d
in
th
i
s
in
v
esti
g
ati
o
n
s
in
ce
th
e
2
4
0
v
ca
n
b
e
c
h
an
g
e
d
o
v
er
in
to
5
v
.
T
h
e
t
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
is
r
elate
d
to
th
e
AVR
Sm
aller
s
ca
le
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
L
ea
n
f
il
m
tr
an
s
m
itter
(
T
FT
)
is
s
h
o
wn
o
v
er
th
e
m
in
iatu
r
ized
s
ca
le
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
I
t
is
u
tili
ze
d
f
o
r
th
e
r
ea
s
o
n
to
s
h
o
w.
W
e
o
u
g
h
t
to
lo
o
k
at
a
p
p
r
o
x
im
atel
y
th
e
ex
p
e
r
im
en
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
e
r
r
an
d
[
2
2
]
.
At
th
e
p
o
i
n
t
wh
en
th
e
co
n
s
tr
ain
s
u
p
p
l
y
g
ets
ON,
it
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
h
o
ld
th
e
E
E
G
s
en
s
o
r
o
n
th
e
b
r
o
w
an
d
co
n
tact
is
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
with
h
an
d
s
.
At
th
e
p
o
i
n
t
wh
en
it
is
h
eld
,
it
co
m
es
ab
o
u
t
as
b
r
ain
en
er
g
etic,
in
ca
s
e
n
o
t
at
th
at
p
o
in
t
th
e
in
tellect
is
n
'
t
en
er
g
etic.
So
,
in
th
at
T
FT
ap
p
ea
r
,
it
ap
p
ea
r
s
as
b
r
ain
d
ea
d
.
T
h
e
v
ir
tu
al
in
te
llect
is
en
liv
en
in
g
th
e
a
d
v
an
c
em
en
t
o
f
s
en
s
ib
l
e
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ce
r
eb
r
u
m
PC
in
ter
f
ac
e
(
B
C
I
)
.
Har
d
war
e
p
r
er
e
q
u
is
ites
th
at
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
th
e
v
ir
tu
al
m
in
d
a
r
e
r
ec
o
r
d
e
d
u
n
d
e
r
n
ea
t
h
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
ar
c
h
itectu
r
e
f
o
r
m
o
d
el
-
b
ased
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
d
ep
en
d
ab
le
E
E
G
s
en
s
in
g
an
d
ac
tu
atio
n
in
I
o
T
s
y
s
tem
is
as s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Sy
s
tem
ar
c
h
itectu
r
e
2
.
1
.
Virt
ua
l
ce
re
brum
m
o
du
le
I
n
th
is
m
o
d
u
le,
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
ar
e
g
ettin
g
f
ac
ilit
ated
.
I
t
co
m
p
r
is
es
o
f
p
ar
ts
lik
e
an
elec
tr
o
en
ce
p
h
al
o
g
r
am
(
E
E
G
)
,
AVR
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
I
o
T
m
o
d
em
,
t
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
UART
b
o
a
r
d
,
in
co
n
cl
u
s
io
n
a
T
FT
ap
p
ea
r
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
e
AVR
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
r
elate
d
wit
h
T
FT
ap
p
ea
r
an
d
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
.
UART
b
o
ar
d
is
r
elate
d
with
I
o
T
m
o
d
em
a
n
d
a
ll th
ese
r
elate
d
with
co
n
tr
o
l su
p
p
ly
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Reco
n
f
ig
u
r
a
b
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2089
-
4
8
6
4
Dig
ita
l b
r
a
in
:
Mo
d
el
-
b
a
s
ed
fr
a
mewo
r
k
fo
r
d
ep
en
d
a
b
le
elec
tr
o
en
ce
p
h
a
lo
g
r
a
m
s
en
s
in
g
a
n
d
… (
R
.
J.
K
a
vith
a
)
171
2
.
2
.
P
riv
a
cy
da
t
a
m
o
dule
I
n
th
is
m
o
d
u
le
,
th
e
m
o
s
t
k
ey
is
to
e
n
ter
t
h
e
u
s
er
n
am
e
a
n
d
s
ec
r
et
wo
r
d
i
n
ar
r
an
g
e
to
r
ev
ea
l
th
is
s
cr
ee
n
.
B
y
tap
p
in
g
th
e
c
h
o
ice
s
lik
e
ar
ch
iv
e,
m
ail
id
an
d
p
h
o
n
e
n
u
m
b
er
,
th
e
clien
t
ca
n
en
lis
t
th
e
th
in
g
s
an
d
s
av
e
th
em
a
b
s
en
t
with
in
t
h
e
clo
u
d
.
T
h
e
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
wh
i
ch
s
to
r
es
in
th
is
m
o
d
u
le
wil
l
b
e
f
r
ee
f
r
o
m
an
y
p
r
o
tectio
n
is
s
u
es.
2
.
3
.
P
riv
ileg
e
t
o
a
cc
ess
m
o
du
le
I
n
th
is
m
o
d
u
le,
a
cu
s
to
m
iz
ed
u
s
er
n
am
e
an
d
watc
h
wo
r
d
m
ay
well
b
e
en
ter
ed
b
y
th
e
clien
t.
Fu
n
d
am
en
tally
,
th
is
ca
n
b
e
th
e
m
o
d
u
le
wh
ich
is
r
elate
d
with
th
e
elec
tr
o
en
ce
p
h
alo
g
r
a
m
(EEG
)
co
n
tr
ap
tio
n
an
d
PC
.
B
y
en
ter
in
g
th
e
u
s
er
n
am
e
an
d
th
e
watc
h
wo
r
d
,
th
e
c
lien
t
ca
n
g
o
in
to
th
e
tak
i
n
g
af
t
er
s
cr
ee
n
[
2
4
]
.
All
clien
ts
o
u
g
h
t
to
h
a
v
e
an
ex
tr
a
o
r
d
in
ar
y
u
s
er
n
am
e
an
d
watc
h
wo
r
d
to
en
s
u
r
e
t
h
eir
s
ec
u
r
ity
.
T
h
e
clien
t
ca
n
en
ter
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
wh
ich
h
as
to
p
ass
o
n
to
th
eir
f
am
ily
,
co
m
p
an
i
o
n
s
o
r
n
eig
h
b
o
r
an
d
ca
n
s
o
r
t
in
th
eir
cu
s
to
m
ize
d
m
ess
ag
e,
th
en
ag
ain
,
th
er
e'
s
a
ch
o
ice
f
o
r
th
em
to
s
p
ar
e
th
eir
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
2
.
4
.
Rem
a
ind
er
m
o
du
le
At
th
e
p
o
in
t
wh
en
th
e
clien
t
em
b
ed
s
th
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
d
ata
o
n
th
e
clo
u
d
,
th
e
en
lis
ted
clien
t
will
b
e
in
f
o
r
m
e
d
b
y
m
ea
n
s
o
f
ca
u
tio
n
.
T
h
e
clo
u
d
is
m
ad
e
s
u
ch
th
at
it
is
p
r
o
f
o
u
n
d
ly
s
ec
u
r
e
d
an
d
s
ec
u
r
e.
On
th
e
o
f
f
ch
an
ce
th
at
a
clien
t
o
r
a
clien
t
is
n
'
t
liv
ely
,
all
th
e
s
p
ar
ed
d
at
a
an
d
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
m
ay
well
b
e
co
n
s
eq
u
e
n
tly
s
en
t
to
th
e
en
r
o
lled
m
ail
id
o
r
m
o
b
i
le
n
u
m
b
er
.
2
.
5
.
E
E
G
s
e
ns
o
r
T
h
e
f
u
n
d
am
en
tal
wo
r
k
o
f
th
e
E
E
G
s
en
s
o
r
ap
p
ea
r
ed
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
is
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
elec
tr
ical
wo
r
k
s
o
u
t
wh
ich
is
m
ad
e
b
y
th
e
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
ized
ac
tiv
ity
o
f
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
n
eu
r
o
n
s
in
v
o
lts
wh
ich
b
r
in
g
s
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
a
n
ex
tr
ao
r
d
i
n
ar
y
o
b
jectiv
e
in
te
r
m
s
o
f
tim
e,
wh
ich
m
ak
es
u
s
to
f
in
d
th
e
ac
tiv
ity
in
ter
i
o
r
th
e
im
p
er
ativ
e
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
t d
iv
is
io
n
s
o
f
co
r
tical
lo
ca
les in
d
ee
d
at
s
u
b
-
s
ec
o
n
d
tim
escales.
E
E
G,
th
e
s
p
ee
d
iest
i
m
ag
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
is
av
ailab
le,
an
d
h
as
h
ig
h
r
ate
o
f
test
.
W
ith
in
th
e
s
tar
tin
g
,
wh
en
E
E
G
s
en
s
o
r
was
estab
lis
h
ed
a
v
ar
io
u
s
a
lo
n
g
tim
e
b
ac
k
,
it
was
p
lo
tted
o
n
p
ap
er
.
T
h
ese
d
ay
s
in
c
u
r
r
en
t
s
y
s
tem
s
,
it
ca
r
ef
u
lly
ap
p
ea
r
s
th
e
d
ata
as
a
n
o
n
s
to
p
m
o
v
em
en
t
o
f
v
o
ltag
es [
2
5
]
.
2
.
6
.
E
E
G
s
ig
na
l
E
E
G
s
ig
n
al
is
d
ec
id
ed
in
te
r
m
s
o
f
r
ec
u
r
r
e
n
ce
an
d
escal
ated
.
Flag
co
n
ce
n
tr
ated
is
ev
alu
ated
in
m
icr
o
v
o
lts
(
μ
V)
.
2
.
7
.
M
icro
co
ntr
o
ller
-
Arduin
o
Ar
d
u
in
o
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
u
n
im
ag
in
a
b
le
s
in
g
le
b
o
ar
d
PC
s
th
at
h
av
e
p
r
o
cu
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g
g
ests
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at
p
r
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r
a
m
o
f
p
r
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am
m
in
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d
im
p
r
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e
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en
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r
ee
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n
is
a
n
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t
to
o
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a
d
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u
r
ce
in
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d
u
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o
h
ar
d
war
e
wh
er
e
US
s
h
o
wc
ase
is
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n
ce
r
n
ed
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Ar
d
u
i
n
o
b
o
ar
d
ca
n
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e
u
tili
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d
t
o
cr
ea
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ter
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cir
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its
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et
it
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witch
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d
d
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en
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s
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o
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to
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o
r
t.
2
.
8
.
Arduin
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Uno
I
DE
T
y
p
ically
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a
cr
o
s
s
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tag
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licatio
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(
f
o
r
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in
d
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ws,
m
ac
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L
in
u
x
)
th
at'
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co
m
p
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ed
with
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th
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p
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d
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tili
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in
o
p
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ac
tical
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ip
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th
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el
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-
p
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ty
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is
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it,
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tain
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tili
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ased
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a3
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P.
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as
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ig
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,
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p
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it
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to
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d
u
i
n
o
Un
o
m
icr
o
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
is
as sh
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2.
2
.
9
.
T
F
T
di
s
pla
y
T
h
e
T
FT
to
u
ch
s
cr
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en
is
an
Ar
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u
in
o
with
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r
ac
tical
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T
ap
p
ea
r
s
with
p
r
ac
tical
im
p
r
e
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io
n
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h
e
T
FT
d
r
iv
er
h
as
a
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p
ab
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r
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C
with
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it
d
ata
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i
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tr
o
l
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ter
f
ac
e.
Ab
le
to
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ag
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th
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FT
lib
r
a
r
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.
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t
m
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lib
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ac
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All
th
at
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I
SS
N
:
20
89
-
4
8
6
4
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1
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–
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172
in
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o
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h
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tain
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2
.
1
0
.
SP8
2
6
6
E
SP
8
2
6
6
is
a
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d
in
d
ep
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d
en
t Wi
-
Fi n
etwo
r
k
r
eso
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tio
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at
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o
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a
p
p
licatio
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o
r
th
r
o
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g
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e
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tr
a
ap
p
licatio
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ce
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s
o
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n
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ll
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etwo
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k
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g
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ilit
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SP
8
2
6
6
wh
en
th
e
d
ev
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is
m
o
u
n
ted
a
n
d
as
th
e
o
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ly
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p
licatio
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f
th
e
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p
licatio
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p
r
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c
ess
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r
,
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e
f
lash
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em
o
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n
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e
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itiated
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ir
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tly
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e
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s
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er
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em
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u
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p
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ities
.
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x
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co
n
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itio
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en
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ter
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et
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s
ac
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p
t
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f
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-
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ter
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im
p
r
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it
to
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n
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ller
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ased
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esig
n
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th
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n
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o
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est,
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s
t
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o
s
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g
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o
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tial
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r
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s
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r
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ter
f
ac
e.
Pro
ce
s
s
in
g
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d
p
ac
k
in
g
s
ize
o
n
E
SP
8
2
6
6
in
f
lu
e
n
tial
p
ar
t,
it
ca
n
b
e
in
teg
r
ated
v
ia
GPI
O
p
o
r
ts
s
en
s
o
r
s
an
d
f
u
r
th
e
r
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
ex
ac
t
ap
p
ar
at
u
s
to
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
lo
west
p
r
im
ar
y
in
th
e
g
r
o
wth
an
d
Pr
o
ce
s
s
o
f
at
leas
t
o
cc
u
p
y
s
y
s
te
m
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
T
h
e
E
SP
8
2
6
6
e
x
tr
em
ely
in
teg
r
ated
ch
ip
,
co
llected
with
an
te
n
n
a
s
witch
b
alu
n
,
p
o
wer
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
co
n
v
e
r
ter
,
s
o
with
s
lig
h
t
e
x
ter
io
r
cir
cu
itr
y
,
an
d
h
o
ld
s
f
r
o
n
t
-
e
n
d
m
o
d
u
le,
with
th
e
wh
o
le
r
eso
lu
tio
n
in
ten
d
e
d
to
m
in
im
ize
th
e
s
p
ac
e
o
cc
u
p
ied
b
y
PC
B
.
T
h
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
is
p
r
ep
ar
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
E
SP
8
2
6
6
estab
lis
h
ed
to
p
m
o
s
t
f
ea
tu
r
es
ar
e:
en
er
g
y
s
av
in
g
Vo
I
P
r
ap
id
ly
s
witch
b
etwe
en
th
e
s
leep
/wak
e
p
atte
r
n
s
,
with
lo
w
-
p
o
wer
ac
tio
n
a
d
ap
tiv
e
r
a
d
io
b
ias,
f
r
o
n
t
-
e
n
d
s
ig
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
,
tr
o
u
b
lesh
o
o
tin
g
a
n
d
r
ad
io
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
ex
is
t
f
ea
tu
r
es
elim
in
ate
ce
llu
lar
/
B
lu
eto
o
th
/
DDR
/
L
VD
S
/
L
C
D
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
.
T
h
e
p
i
n
d
iag
r
am
o
f
E
SP
8
2
6
6
is
as sh
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Ar
d
u
in
o
Un
o
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
PIN
d
ia
g
r
am
E
SP
8
2
6
6
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Reco
n
f
ig
u
r
a
b
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2089
-
4
8
6
4
Dig
ita
l b
r
a
in
:
Mo
d
el
-
b
a
s
ed
fr
a
mewo
r
k
fo
r
d
ep
en
d
a
b
le
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tr
o
en
ce
p
h
a
lo
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m
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en
s
in
g
a
n
d
… (
R
.
J.
K
a
vith
a
)
173
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
Her
e,
at
f
ir
s
t
th
e
E
E
G
h
ea
d
s
et
with
s
en
s
o
r
is
r
elate
d
with
t
h
e
ch
ip
Ar
d
u
in
o
b
o
a
r
d
a
n
d
it
is
r
elate
d
with
th
e
E
SP
8
2
6
6
wh
ich
is
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
te
d
to
th
e
T
FT
T
o
u
ch
s
cr
ee
n
[
8
]
.
T
o
b
eg
in
with
th
e
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E
G
h
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et
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lag
f
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m
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r
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m
with
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ter
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als
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w
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in
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s
et
an
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it
ch
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k
s
wh
eth
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it
is
liv
ely
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r
d
ea
d
.
Su
b
s
eq
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e
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t
to
id
en
tify
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g
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i
v
en
th
at
t
h
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tco
m
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o
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es
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ty
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ical,
it'
ll
b
e
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p
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r
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ch
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cr
ee
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W
ith
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th
e
o
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th
at
we
r
eq
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ir
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in
Pro
g
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am
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p
licatio
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ab
le
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h
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k
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m
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e
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tellect
in
Ar
d
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in
o
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b
y
u
tili
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e
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ter
f
ac
e
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elate
d
with
g
ea
r
u
n
it
an
d
th
e
co
n
tr
ap
tio
n
is
to
b
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
to
th
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
/
PC
in
wh
ich
Ar
d
u
in
o
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
in
g
h
as
b
ee
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r
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ted
.
I
n
d
ev
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m
en
u
,
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rs.
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