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IEW
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I
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1
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1
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I
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Field
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v
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n
ce
d
r
atio
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ale
in
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
s
[
1
]
.
T
h
e
y
ar
e
p
r
e
-
a
s
s
e
m
b
led
ch
ip
s
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at
m
i
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h
t
b
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c
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s
to
m
ized
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t
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u
alize
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y
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ce
d
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
.
T
h
e
m
ain
s
tatic
m
e
m
o
r
y
-
b
a
s
ed
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(
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d
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m
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d
as
SR
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b
ase
d
FP
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tr
o
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ct
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m
en
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its
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FP
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s
all
y
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n
m
a
n
y
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s
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u
alit
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[
2
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.
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v
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n
ce
d
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ca
n
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ld
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f
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co
m
p
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s
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f
t
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p
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r
ts
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r
o
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a
m
m
ab
l
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w
h
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e
r
atio
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a
le
ca
p
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r
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m
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ter
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n
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t
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to
ex
ec
u
t
e
th
ese
ca
p
ac
ities
a
n
d
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/O
clo
s
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to
Ma
k
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o
f
f
-
c
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ip
ass
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s
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o
f
FP
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ar
ch
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tectu
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is
s
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o
w
n
i
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r
e1
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
9
-
4864
IJ
R
E
S
Vo
l.
5
,
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.
3
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v
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b
er
201
6
:
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6
0
–
1
7
0
161
Fig
u
r
e
1.
FP
GA
A
r
ch
i
tectu
r
e
P
ro
g
ra
mm
a
ble Lo
g
ic
FP
GA
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
p
r
o
g
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m
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lo
ck
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h
is
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s
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tial
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r
o
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s
i
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an
d
s
to
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in
g
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m
e
n
ts
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s
ed
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n
v
ar
io
u
s
co
m
p
u
ter
ized
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
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s
.
T
h
e
Fu
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d
a
m
e
n
tal
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e
n
t
i
n
p
r
o
g
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am
m
ab
le
lo
g
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b
lo
c
k
h
o
ld
s
s
e
v
er
al
t
y
p
es
o
f
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
co
m
b
in
at
io
n
al
lo
g
ic
li
k
e
f
lip
-
f
lo
p
s
,
la
tc
h
es
in
o
r
d
er
to
r
ed
u
ce
ar
ea
a
n
d
d
elay
co
s
t.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
also
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v
an
ce
d
FP
GAs,
w
h
ic
h
co
n
s
is
t
o
f
h
eter
o
g
e
n
eo
u
s
m
i
x
t
u
r
e
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
t
b
lo
ck
s
s
u
ch
as
d
ed
icate
d
m
e
m
o
r
y
b
lo
c
k
s
,
m
u
ltip
lex
er
s
etc.
an
d
ea
c
h
o
f
th
e
m
ar
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
s
p
ec
if
ic
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
it
y
.
De
s
i
g
n
m
e
m
o
r
y
i
s
u
tili
ze
d
b
y
e
n
tire
l
o
g
ic
b
lo
ck
to
co
n
tr
o
l c
ap
ac
ity
o
f
ev
er
y
co
m
p
o
n
en
t i
n
s
id
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th
e
b
lo
ck
.
P
ro
g
ra
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ble I
nte
rc
o
nn
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t
B
y
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r
o
g
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a
m
m
in
g
t
h
e
FP
GAs,
w
e
ca
n
g
i
v
e
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n
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ec
tio
n
s
a
m
o
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g
v
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io
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s
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ic
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d
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O
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s
to
f
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n
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t
ch
ar
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tli
n
e.
E
ac
h
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A
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
lik
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as
s
tr
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s
i
s
to
r
s
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m
u
ltip
le
x
er
s
an
d
tr
i
-
s
tate
b
u
f
f
er
s
[
2
]
.
Mo
s
t
p
ar
t o
f
t
h
e
p
as
s
tr
a
n
s
i
s
to
r
s
a
n
d
m
u
ltip
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x
er
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
i
n
ter
f
ac
e
lo
g
ic
ele
m
e
n
t
s
in
lo
g
ic
cl
u
s
ter
,
w
h
ile
ea
c
h
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
r
ee
ar
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
w
o
r
ld
w
id
e
d
ir
ec
tin
g
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es.
So
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
w
o
r
ld
w
id
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s
teer
i
n
g
s
tr
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ctu
r
e
s
,
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
u
s
ed
as
a
p
ar
t
o
f
FP
GAs
ar
e
is
la
n
d
s
t
y
le,
ce
ll
u
lar
,
b
u
s
b
a
s
ed
an
d
r
eg
is
ter
ed
ar
ch
itect
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r
es
P
ro
g
ra
mm
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ble I/O
P
r
o
g
r
am
m
ab
le
I
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ea
n
s
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m
ed
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o
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ea
n
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n
ter
f
ac
e
l
o
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ic
b
lo
ck
s
a
n
d
r
o
u
ti
n
g
ar
c
h
i
tectu
r
es
t
o
v
ar
iet
y
o
f
o
u
ter
s
eg
m
e
n
ts
i
n
FP
GA
.
T
h
e
lo
g
ic
cir
cu
itr
y
a
n
d
I
/O
p
a
d
p
r
esen
t
in
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GA
f
o
r
m
s
ar
e
also
in
I
/O
ce
ll.
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h
ese
ce
lls
ar
e
p
r
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t
i
n
cr
itical
s
eg
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
FP
GA
a
n
d
ex
p
a
n
d
ed
o
v
er
4
0
%
o
f
FP
GAs
zo
n
e.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
ch
al
len
g
i
n
g
co
n
ce
r
n
a
m
o
n
g
P
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
ab
le
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/O
b
lo
ck
is
th
at
t
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er
e
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a
g
r
ea
t
d
iv
er
s
it
y
a
m
o
n
g
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
an
d
s
u
p
p
l
y
v
o
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g
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ta
n
d
ar
d
s
.
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s
tan
d
o
u
t
a
m
o
n
g
s
t
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
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itical
c
h
o
ices
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n
I
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tr
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ct
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r
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p
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g
co
n
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g
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r
atio
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th
e
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eter
m
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n
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ac
k
ed
.
T
h
is
in
cl
u
d
es
p
ai
n
s
ta
k
i
n
g
l
y
m
ad
e
e
x
ch
a
n
g
e
o
f
f
‟
s
o
n
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
t
h
at,
d
is
s
i
m
ilar
to
L
o
o
k
Up
T
ab
les,
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
ac
t
u
alize
a
n
y
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
ca
p
ac
ities
,
I
/O
ce
lls
ca
n
f
o
r
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
ar
t
ex
ec
u
te
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
g
u
id
elin
e
s
ch
o
s
e
b
y
p
lan
n
er
s
[
3
]
.
Sil
ico
n
r
e
g
io
n
n
ee
d
ed
f
o
r
I
/O
ce
lls
w
il
l
b
e
ess
e
n
tial
l
y
in
cr
e
ased
f
o
r
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
e
x
p
an
s
iv
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
m
ea
s
u
r
e
s
an
d
m
o
r
eo
v
er
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
lar
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
g
au
g
es p
i
n
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
m
a
y
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
i
n
s
,
w
h
ic
h
w
ill r
estra
in
ex
ec
u
tio
n
.
Ov
er
t
h
e
ti
m
e,
t
h
e
e
s
s
e
n
tial
FP
GA
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
m
o
d
elli
n
g
h
as
b
ee
n
f
u
r
t
h
er
cr
ea
ted
b
y
ex
p
an
d
i
n
g
m
o
r
e
p
ar
ticu
lar
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
ab
l
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
B
lo
ck
s
.
So
m
e
o
f
th
e
u
n
co
m
m
o
n
ca
p
ac
it
y
b
lo
ck
s
li
k
e
DSP
-
4
8
,
e
m
b
ed
d
ed
m
icr
o
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
s
‟
B
lo
ck
R
A
M
s
,
ar
ith
m
et
ic
lo
g
ic
(
AL
U
s
)
,
an
d
m
u
ltip
lier
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
ad
d
ed
to
FP
GA
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
an
i
n
ce
s
s
a
n
t
n
ee
d
o
f
ass
et
s
f
o
r
an
ap
p
licati
o
n
.
H
a
rdw
a
re
Descript
io
n L
a
ng
ua
g
e
(
H
DL
)
Har
d
w
ar
e
d
escr
ip
tio
n
L
a
n
g
u
a
g
es
(
HD
L
)
i
n
cl
u
d
es
VH
D
L
,
Ver
ilo
g
,
S
y
s
te
m
c
a
n
d
Han
d
le
-
C
.
Mo
s
t
o
f
th
e
tie
w
e
u
s
e
Ha
n
d
le
-
C
f
o
r
FP
GA
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
i
n
g
.
VH
DL
an
d
Ver
ilo
g
ar
e
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
f
o
r
in
d
u
s
tr
y
m
ea
s
u
r
es.
HDL
„
s
h
a
v
e
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
s
eller
s
o
f
f
er
i
n
g
r
ec
r
ea
tio
n
an
d
s
y
n
t
h
esi
s
to
o
ls
[
4
]
.
B
eh
av
io
u
r
al,
R
T
L
an
d
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
al
lev
els
o
f
d
ep
ictio
n
m
i
g
h
t
b
e
u
tili
ze
d
b
et
w
ee
n
alter
ab
l
y
i
n
th
ese
d
ialec
ts
.
S
y
te
m
C
i
s
u
s
ed
f
o
r
d
is
p
la
y
i
n
g
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
lev
el
b
e
h
av
io
u
r
an
d
h
av
e
C
++
b
ased
lib
r
ar
ies.
As
p
r
i
m
ar
y
la
n
g
u
a
g
e
o
f
S
y
s
te
m
C
is
C
++
,
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
ca
n
b
e
m
o
r
e
e
f
f
ec
t
i
v
el
y
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
w
h
en
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
HD
L
,
e
v
en
th
o
u
g
h
S
y
s
te
m
C
is
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
t
h
eir
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
b
u
t
d
o
es
n
o
t
r
ea
c
h
t
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
VHD
L
o
r
Ver
ilo
g
s
y
n
t
h
e
s
is
p
r
o
d
u
cts.
Han
d
el
-
C
r
eq
u
ir
es
th
e
o
r
ig
i
n
ato
r
to
u
n
eq
u
iv
o
ca
ll
y
d
ep
ict
p
ar
allel
h
a
n
d
lin
g
s
q
u
ar
e
s
in
s
id
e
a
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e.
I
t in
co
r
p
o
r
ates c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
f
o
r
b
et
w
ee
n
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
y
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ce
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
R
E
S
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
A
Gra
ce
fu
lly
Deg
r
a
d
in
g
a
n
d
E
n
erg
y
-
E
ffi
cien
t F
P
GA
P
r
o
g
r
a
mmin
g
u
s
in
g
La
b
V
I
E
W
(
B
.
N
a
r
esh
K
.
R
.
)
162
I
n
R
e
f
.
[
3
]
Alastair
M.
S
m
ith
d
escr
ib
es
ab
o
u
t
th
e
ap
p
licat
i
o
n
s
o
f
g
eo
m
etr
ic
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
i
n
g
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
o
f
h
o
m
o
g
en
eo
u
s
FP
G
A
ar
ch
ite
ctu
r
es
an
d
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
o
n
a
n
ex
p
an
d
i
n
g
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
w
o
r
k
co
n
ce
r
n
ed
w
ith
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ati
n
g
r
ec
o
n
f
ig
u
r
ab
le
ar
ch
itect
u
r
es
an
d
p
r
ese
n
ts
a
f
u
ll
r
eg
io
n
an
d
p
o
s
tp
o
n
e
m
en
t
m
o
d
el
o
f
a
R
ec
o
n
f
ig
u
r
ab
le
Dev
ic
es.
1
.
2
.
I
ntr
o
du
ct
io
n t
o
L
a
bVI
E
W
Natio
n
al
I
n
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t
s
p
r
o
v
id
es
L
ab
VI
E
W
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
(
L
ab
o
r
ato
r
y
V
ir
tu
al
I
n
s
tr
u
m
en
ta
tio
n
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
i
n
g
W
o
r
k
b
en
ch
)
,
w
h
ic
h
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
p
latf
o
r
m
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
u
s
i
n
g
v
is
u
al
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
in
g
la
n
g
u
a
g
e.
L
ab
VI
E
W
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
in
g
is
p
e
r
f
ec
t
f
o
r
an
y
e
s
ti
m
atio
n
o
r
co
n
tr
o
l
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
h
ea
r
t
o
f
t
h
e
NI
o
u
tli
n
e
s
tag
e.
C
o
o
r
d
in
atin
g
all
t
h
e
ap
p
ar
atu
s
es
th
a
t
s
p
ec
ialis
ts
a
n
d
r
esear
ch
er
s
n
ee
d
to
ass
e
m
b
le
f
o
r
an
ex
te
n
s
iv
e
v
ar
iet
y
o
f
u
s
es
i
n
d
r
asti
ca
ll
y
l
ess
ti
m
e,
L
ab
VI
E
W
is
an
ad
v
an
ce
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
cr
itical
t
h
in
k
i
n
g
,
q
u
ick
e
n
ed
g
ain
s
,
an
d
co
n
s
tan
t d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
I
n
t
h
e
v
ir
tu
a
l i
n
s
tr
u
m
en
ta
tio
n
s
etti
n
g
w
e
d
is
co
v
er
t
h
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
in
g
L
ab
VI
E
W
[
5
]
p
r
o
v
id
es a
r
ea
li
s
tic
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
i
n
g
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t,
wh
ich
p
er
m
it
s
t
h
e
co
m
p
u
ter
to
d
ir
ec
t
b
o
th
,
co
n
tr
o
l
a
n
d
s
u
p
er
v
is
io
n
o
f
co
u
r
s
es
o
f
ac
tio
n
b
y
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
an
i
n
s
ti
n
cti
v
e
an
d
p
r
ac
tical
co
d
in
g
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
in
g
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
i
n
L
ab
VI
E
W
h
a
s
t
w
o
s
ec
tio
n
s
:
th
e
f
r
o
n
t p
an
el
a
n
d
f
u
n
ctio
n
a
l b
lo
ck
d
ia
g
r
a
m
.
Fu
n
ctio
n
al
b
lo
ck
d
ia
g
r
a
m
is
a
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
i
n
g
ar
ea
an
d
f
r
o
n
t
p
a
n
el
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
n
i
n
ter
f
ac
e
to
d
e
v
elo
p
.
B
y
e
s
tab
lis
h
in
g
t
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
b
et
w
ee
n
f
r
o
n
t
p
an
e
l
an
d
t
h
e
Fu
n
ctio
n
al
b
lo
ck
s
,
ap
p
licatio
n
s
ar
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
.
L
ab
VI
E
W
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
ar
e
ter
m
ed
as
Vir
tu
al
I
n
s
tr
u
m
e
n
ts
,
o
n
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
VI
.
L
ab
VI
E
W
h
o
ld
s
an
ex
h
a
u
s
tiv
e
s
et
o
f
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
ts
f
o
r
p
r
o
cu
r
in
g
d
is
s
ec
tin
g
,
s
h
o
w
i
n
g
,
w
h
at
'
s
m
o
r
e
p
u
tti
n
g
a
wa
y
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
also
p
r
o
v
id
e
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
ts
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
tr
o
u
b
lesh
o
o
t t
h
e
co
d
e.
W
h
en
L
ab
VI
E
W
o
p
en
s
,
it
s
h
o
w
s
t
w
o
w
i
n
d
o
w
s
i
f
o
n
e
w
a
n
ts
to
w
r
ite
an
y
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
i
n
L
ab
V
I
E
W
,
f
ir
s
t
in
th
a
t
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
,
o
p
er
atio
n
is
f
o
u
n
d
o
u
t,
th
at
o
p
er
atio
n
w
e
d
r
a
w
as
Gr
ap
h
ical
Dia
g
r
a
m
i
n
Fu
n
ctio
n
al
b
lo
c
k
d
iag
r
a
m
w
i
n
d
o
w
t
h
en
w
e
ca
n
g
iv
e
in
p
u
ts
(
co
n
tr
o
l)
an
d
o
u
t
p
u
t
(
in
d
icato
r
)
in
f
r
o
n
t
p
an
el,
af
ter
ass
i
g
n
in
g
,
w
e
h
av
e
to
co
n
n
ec
t
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
w
ir
e
f
r
o
m
i
n
p
u
t
s
(
co
n
tr
o
l)
to
f
u
n
c
ti
o
n
an
d
f
u
n
c
tio
n
to
o
u
tp
u
t
(
I
n
d
icato
r
)
.
L
ab
VI
E
W
p
r
o
v
id
es
an
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
f
o
r
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
i
n
g
,
w
h
ic
h
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
u
n
d
er
g
r
ad
u
ate
en
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
tr
ain
i
n
g
[
6
]
.
I
t
also
o
f
f
er
s
h
elp
f
o
r
d
ata
ac
q
u
is
i
t
io
n
h
ar
d
w
ar
e,
m
u
lt
itas
k
i
n
g
,
in
h
er
e
n
t
lib
r
ar
ies
a
n
d
b
asic
m
ea
n
in
g
o
f
clie
n
t
in
ter
f
ac
e
s
an
d
is
g
e
n
er
all
y
u
ti
lized
w
it
h
i
n
ex
p
er
t
b
u
ild
in
g
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
i
s
p
r
o
d
u
ct
ap
p
a
r
atu
s
is
f
o
u
n
d
in
co
lleg
e
co
u
r
s
es
o
n
m
ec
h
atr
o
n
ics
[
7
]
,
p
o
w
er
an
d
g
ad
g
e
ts
[
8
]
,
co
m
p
u
ter
ized
in
d
icato
r
h
a
n
d
lin
g
[
9
]
,
co
n
tr
o
l
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
1
]
,
an
d
r
e
m
o
te
lab
s
[
1
2
]
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
it
is
u
tili
ze
d
i
n
r
ea
l
m
ec
h
atr
o
n
ic
s
/
m
ec
h
a
n
ical
a
u
to
n
o
m
y
(
R
o
b
o
tics
)
ap
p
licatio
n
s
[
1
3
]
-
[
1
5
]
,
B
asic
m
o
b
ile
r
o
b
o
t
la
b
ex
a
m
p
les
w
it
h
L
ab
VI
E
W
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
[
1
6
]
,
Ob
j
ec
t
Or
ien
ted
P
r
o
g
r
am
m
i
n
g
f
o
r
L
ab
VI
E
W
R
ea
l
-
T
im
e
T
ar
g
ets[1
7
]
,
Nu
m
er
ical
Si
m
u
latio
n
o
f
t
h
e
FDT
D
M
eth
o
d
in
L
ab
VI
E
W
w
it
h
e
x
a
m
p
le
s
[
1
8
]
,
E
DFA
A
p
p
licatio
n
s
[
1
9
]
,
A
m
at
h
e
m
atica
l
tes
t
f
o
r
e
m
u
l
atio
n
[
2
0
]
,
A
n
alo
g
Mo
d
u
latio
n
d
ev
ice
f
o
r
ess
en
tial
an
d
R
ea
l
E
x
p
er
i
m
en
ta
ti
o
n
[
2
1
]
,
Dig
ital
C
o
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
[
2
2
]
,
Flex
ib
le
A
r
r
a
y
ed
p
H
Se
n
s
o
r
Me
asu
r
e
m
en
t
S
y
s
te
m
[
2
3
]
,
Ob
j
ec
t
Or
ien
tatio
n
[
2
4
]
,
P
o
w
er
S
y
s
te
m
Har
m
o
n
ic
Me
asu
r
e
m
en
t
[
2
5
]
.
2.
F
P
G
A
P
RO
G
RAM
M
I
NG
FP
GA
s
ta
n
d
s
f
o
r
"
Field
P
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
ab
le
Gate
A
r
r
a
y
"
.
FP
GA
es
s
en
t
iall
y
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
lar
g
e
ar
r
a
y
o
f
g
ates
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
ab
le
an
d
ca
n
b
e
r
ec
o
n
f
ig
u
r
ed
an
y
t
i
m
e
a
n
y
w
h
er
e.
"
lar
g
e
ar
r
a
y
o
f
g
ate
s
"
is
an
o
v
er
s
i
m
p
li
f
ied
d
escr
ip
tio
n
o
f
FP
GA
.
An
FP
G
A
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
co
n
f
ig
u
r
ab
le
lo
g
ic
b
lo
ck
s
(
C
L
B
s
)
,
i
n
ter
co
n
n
ec
t
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
(
I
R
s
)
,
an
d
I
n
p
u
t
/o
u
tp
u
t
b
lo
ck
s
(
I
OB
s
)
,
ea
ch
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
lo
g
ic
g
ates,
D
Fl
ip
-
Flo
p
s
(
DFFs
)
a
n
d
co
n
tr
o
l u
n
it
s
.
FP
G
As
h
av
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
l
y
p
la
y
s
a
n
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
r
o
le
in
m
o
d
er
n
elec
t
r
o
n
ic
i
n
d
u
s
tr
y
d
u
e
to
th
eir
f
ea
t
u
r
es
li
k
e
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
ilit
y
,
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
,
le
s
s
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
co
s
t,
a
n
d
d
i
m
in
i
s
h
ed
ti
m
e
-
to
-
m
ar
k
et
[
2
6
]
.
F
P
GA
is
to
b
e
s
u
r
e
co
n
s
i
d
er
ab
ly
m
o
r
e
p
er
p
lex
i
n
g
th
a
n
b
asic sh
o
w
o
f
Gate
s
.
A
t
th
e
s
a
m
e
ti
m
e
t
h
e
f
ac
t is,
th
er
e
ar
e
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
d
o
o
r
s
in
s
id
e
th
e
FP
GA
,
w
h
ich
co
u
ld
b
e
s
elf
-
a
s
s
er
ti
v
el
y
a
s
s
o
ciate
d
to
g
eth
er
to
m
a
k
e
a
cir
cu
it
o
f
y
o
u
r
d
ec
i
s
io
n
.
FP
GAs
ar
e
f
ab
r
icate
d
b
y
o
r
g
an
izat
io
n
s
lik
e
Xili
n
x
,
A
l
ter
a,
A
ctel
an
d
s
o
o
n
.
FP
G
A
„
s
ar
e
in
a
b
r
o
ad
s
en
s
e
lik
e
C
P
L
D„
s
y
et
C
P
L
D
„
s
ar
e
litt
le
i
n
s
i
ze
an
d
ca
p
ac
it
y
co
n
tr
asted
w
it
h
FP
G
A
.
Ver
ilo
g
is
a
Har
d
w
ar
e
De
s
cr
i
p
tio
n
L
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
(
HD
L
)
w
h
ic
h
co
u
ld
b
e
u
tili
ze
d
to
p
o
r
tr
ay
ad
v
an
ce
d
cir
cu
its
in
a
tex
t
b
ased
w
a
y
.
W
e
h
av
e
to
co
m
p
o
s
e
o
u
r
s
y
s
t
e
m
f
o
r
F
P
GA
u
t
ilizi
n
g
a
HD
L
lik
e
Ver
ilo
g
.
B
ef
o
r
e
HDL
„
s
w
er
e
f
a
m
o
u
s
,
s
p
ec
ial
i
s
ts
m
ad
e
u
s
e
o
f
e
v
er
y
t
h
i
n
g
with
s
c
h
e
m
atics.
W
h
ich
ar
e
r
ad
ian
tl
y
s
i
m
p
le
w
ith
litt
le
o
u
tli
n
es,
y
et
ar
e
ex
cr
u
c
ia
tin
g
l
y
u
n
m
a
n
a
g
ea
b
le
f
o
r
an
e
x
p
an
s
i
v
e
d
esig
n
.
E
x
a
m
p
le:
P
r
io
r
ity
e
n
co
d
er
I
n
FP
GA
P
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
i
n
g
U
s
i
n
g
V
er
ilo
g
,
VHD
L
P
r
io
r
ity
e
n
co
d
er
is
a
cir
cu
i
t
t
h
at
co
n
v
er
t
s
e
n
co
d
ed
in
p
u
t
s
t
o
th
e
b
i
n
ar
y
f
o
r
m
.
T
h
e
b
i
n
ar
y
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
o
r
ig
in
al
n
u
m
b
er
f
r
o
m
p
r
io
r
it
y
en
co
d
er
cir
cu
it r
ep
r
esen
t
f
r
o
m
ze
r
o
to
m
o
s
t
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
t b
it.
B
y
ac
ti
n
g
o
n
h
ig
h
est
pr
io
r
ity
r
eq
u
est t
h
e
y
co
n
tr
o
l in
ter
r
u
p
t r
eq
u
ests
.
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I
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8
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2.
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k
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a
n
d
1
6
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b
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n
t
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f
i
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al
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1
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g
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ated
b
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h
e
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h
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t
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en
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ated
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s
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to
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c
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er
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d
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atter
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it.
2
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VH
DL
Co
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n
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co
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3
is
P
o
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t (
a:
in
lo
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v
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to
r
(
7
d
o
w
n
to
0
)
;
b
: o
u
t
lo
g
ic_
v
ec
to
r
(
2
d
o
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n
t
o
0
)
)
;
en
d
p
r
io
r
ity
-
e
n
co
d
er
_
8
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3;
A
r
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h
itect
u
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B
eh
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f
p
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3
is
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P
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(
a)
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='
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="
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5
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='
1
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h
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6
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='
1
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t
h
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1
1
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;
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a(
7
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='
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h
en
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1
1
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;
else n
u
ll;
en
d
if
;
en
d
p
r
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ce
s
s
;
2
.
2
.
Ver
ilo
g
Co
de
m
o
d
u
le
p
r
i (
a,
b
)
;
in
p
u
t [
7
:0
]
a;
o
u
tp
u
t [
2
:0
]
b
;
r
eg
[
2
:0
]
b
;
al
w
a
y
s
@
(
a)
b
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in
if
(
a[
0
]
)
b
<
=
3
'
b
0
0
0
;
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(
a[
1
]
)
b
<=
3
'
b
0
0
1
;
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
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I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
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A
Gra
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Deg
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164
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2
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b
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a[
3
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b
0
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Xil
in
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s
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Fig
u
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3.
P
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E
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XI
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NX
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atic
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5.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
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I
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[6
]
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M
.
Du
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.
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c
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w
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rtz
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t.
J
.
En
g
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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.
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.
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,
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B.
Blac
k
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.
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c
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in
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.
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0
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G
il
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S
a
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P
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H
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in
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t
.
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.
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g
.
Ed
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.
,
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p
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2
5
5
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0
0
0
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1
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”
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.
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.
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2
]
S
.
Ura
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He
rc
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,
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G
e
r
g
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a
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Je
z
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rn
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,
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A
DSP
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b
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se
d
re
m
o
te
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o
n
tro
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lab
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ra
to
ry
”
,
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E
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ra
n
s.
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n
d
.
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n
.
,
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4
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6
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p
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7
–
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8
,
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c
.
2
0
0
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.
[1
3
]
B.
S
.
G
ra
m
e
s
c
u
,
C.
I.
Nitu
,
C.
D.
P
.
Co
m
e
a
g
a
,
a
n
d
A
.
O.
T
r
u
f
a
su
,
”
Op
to
m
e
c
h
a
tro
n
ic
sy
st
e
m
f
o
r
p
o
si
ti
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d
e
tec
ti
o
n
o
f
a
m
o
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e
m
in
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-
ro
b
o
t”
,
IE
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T
r
a
n
s.
In
d
.
El
e
c
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l
.
5
2
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
9
6
9
–
9
7
3
,
A
u
g
.
2
0
0
5
.
[1
4
]
P.
Ja
ro
o
n
siri
p
h
a
n
,
T
.
Ch
a
n
g
,
M
.
Be
rn
h
a
rd
t,
a
n
d
P
.
L
u
d
d
e
n
,
“
W
e
b
-
b
a
se
d
c
o
m
m
a
n
d
sh
a
p
in
g
o
f
c
o
b
ra
6
0
0
r
o
b
o
t
w
it
h
a
sw
in
g
in
g
lo
a
d
”
,
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
s.
I
n
d
.
I
n
fo
rm
a
t
.
,
v
o
l
.
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
5
9
–
6
9
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
0
6
.
[1
5
]
A
.
M
a
n
d
o
w
,
A
.
G
a
r
c
ía
-
Ce
re
z
o
,
J.
L
.
M
a
rtí
n
e
z
,
J.
G
ó
m
e
z
-
de
-
Ga
b
riel,
J.
M
o
ra
les
,
A
.
Cru
z
,
A
.
Re
in
a
,
a
n
d
J.
S
e
ró
n
,
“
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
ALA
CR
AN
E:
A
m
o
b
il
e
ro
b
o
ti
c
a
ss
istan
c
e
f
o
r
ex
p
lo
ra
ti
o
n
a
n
d
re
sc
u
e
m
issio
n
s
”
,
in
Pro
c
.
IEE
E
S
S
RR
2
0
0
7
,
Ro
m
e
,
Italy
,
2
0
0
7
,
p
p
.
1
–
6
.
[1
6
]
A
n
th
o
n
y
M
a
n
d
o
w
,
Je
sú
s
M
.
G
ó
m
e
z
-
de
-
G
a
b
riel,
Je
sú
s
F
e
rn
á
n
d
e
z
-
L
o
z
a
n
o
,
a
n
d
A
lf
o
n
so
J.
G
a
rc
ía
-
Ce
re
z
o
,
“
Us
in
g
L
E
G
O
NX
T
M
o
b
il
e
Ro
b
o
ts
w
it
h
L
a
b
V
IEW
f
o
r
Un
d
e
rg
ra
d
u
a
te
C
o
u
rse
s
o
n
M
e
c
h
a
tro
n
ics
”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
Vo
l
.
5
4
,
No
.
1
,
F
e
b
r
u
a
ry
2011.
[1
7
]
Ho
lg
e
r
Bra
n
d
,
Die
tri
c
h
Be
c
k
,
C
h
risto
s
Ka
ra
g
ian
n
is,
a
n
d
Ch
risti
a
n
Ra
u
t
h
,
“
T
h
e
F
irst
A
p
p
ro
a
c
h
t
o
Ob
jec
t
Orie
n
ted
P
r
o
g
ra
m
m
in
g
f
o
r
L
a
b
V
IEW
Re
a
l
-
T
i
m
e
Targ
e
t
s”
,
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Nu
c
lea
r
S
c
ien
c
e
,
Vo
l
.
5
3
,
No
.
3
,
Ju
n
e
2
0
0
6
.
[1
8
]
G
a
s
m
e
ls
e
e
d
Ak
ra
m
a
n
d
Yu
n
u
s
Ja
s
m
y
,
“
Nu
m
e
ri
c
a
l
S
im
u
latio
n
o
f
th
e
F
DT
D
M
e
th
o
d
in
L
a
b
V
IEW
”
,
IEE
E
M
icr
o
wa
v
e
M
a
g
a
zin
e
,
De
c
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
0
7
.
[1
9
]
M
o
h
d
.
Zam
a
n
i
Zu
lk
if
li
,
S
u
laim
a
n
W
a
d
i
Ha
ru
n
,
Ka
v
in
th
e
ra
n
T
h
a
m
b
iratn
a
m
,
a
n
d
Ha
rit
h
A
h
m
a
d
,
“
S
e
lf
-
Ca
li
b
ra
ti
n
g
A
u
to
m
a
ted
Ch
a
ra
c
teriz
a
ti
o
n
S
y
st
e
m
f
o
r
De
p
re
ss
e
d
Clad
d
in
g
EDF
A
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
Us
in
g
L
a
b
V
IEW
S
o
f
tw
a
r
e
w
it
h
G
P
IB”
,
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s o
n
In
s
tru
me
n
ta
ti
o
n
a
n
d
M
e
a
s
u
re
me
n
t
,
V
o
l
.
5
7
,
No
.
1
1
,
No
v
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
0
8
.
[2
0
]
F
ra
n
c
isc
o
Ro
g
e
li
o
P
a
l
o
m
o
P
in
t
o
,
M
e
m
b
e
r,
IEE
E,
a
n
d
A
lf
re
d
o
P
e
re
z
V
e
g
a
-
L
e
a
l,
“
A
Tes
t
o
f
HI
L
CO
T
S
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
F
u
e
l
Ce
ll
S
y
ste
m
s E
m
u
latio
n
”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s o
n
I
n
d
u
stria
l
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
V
o
l
.
5
7
,
No
.
4
,
A
p
ril
2
0
1
0
.
[2
1
]
Ca
g
a
ta
y
Ulu
ısık
a
n
d
L
e
v
e
n
t
S
e
v
g
i
“
A
Lab
V
IEW
-
Ba
se
d
A
n
a
lo
g
M
o
d
u
lati
o
n
T
o
o
l
f
o
r
V
i
rt
u
a
l
a
n
d
Re
a
l
Ex
p
e
rime
n
tatio
n
”
,
I
EE
E
A
n
ten
n
a
s a
n
d
Pro
p
a
g
a
t
io
n
M
a
g
a
zin
e
,
Vo
l
.
5
4
,
No
.
6
,
De
c
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
1
2
.
[2
2
]
W
e
i
Zh
a
n
,
S
e
n
io
r
M
e
m
b
e
r,
IEE
E,
Ja
y
R.
P
o
rter
a
n
d
Jo
se
p
h
A
.
M
o
rg
a
n
,
“
Ex
p
e
rien
ti
a
l
Lea
r
n
in
g
o
f
Dig
it
a
l
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
Us
in
g
L
a
b
V
IEW
,
”
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
Vo
l
.
5
7
,
No
.
1
,
F
e
b
r
u
a
ry
2
0
1
4
.
[2
3
]
Ju
n
g
-
Ch
u
a
n
C
h
o
u
,
Ch
i
n
-
Yi
L
in
,
Yi
-
Hu
n
g
L
iao
,
Jie
-
T
in
g
Ch
e
n
,
Ya
-
L
i
T
s
a
i,
Jia
-
L
ian
g
Ch
e
n
,
a
n
d
Hs
u
e
h
-
T
a
o
Ch
o
u
,
“
Da
ta
F
u
sio
n
a
n
d
F
a
u
lt
Dia
g
n
o
sis
f
o
r
F
lex
ib
le
A
rra
y
e
d
p
H
S
e
n
s
o
r
M
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t
S
y
ste
m
Ba
s
e
d
o
n
L
a
b
V
I
EW
”
,
IEE
E
S
e
n
so
rs
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
,
V
o
l
.
1
4
,
No
.
5
,
M
a
y
2
0
1
4
.
[2
4
]
Oliv
e
r
L
.
W
a
n
g
,
J.
Hu
a
n
g
,
“
De
v
e
lo
p
i
n
g
a
V
isu
a
l
Co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
L
ib
ra
ry
f
o
r
a
G
ra
p
h
ica
l
P
r
o
g
ra
m
m
in
g
P
latf
o
rm
u
sin
g
Ob
jec
t
Orie
n
tatio
n
‖”
,
IEE
E
AE
S
S
S
y
ste
m M
a
g
a
zin
e
,
Ju
n
e
2
0
0
2
.
[2
5
]
Hs
iu
n
g
Ch
e
n
g
L
in
,
“
A
n
In
tern
e
t
-
Ba
se
d
G
r
a
p
h
ica
l
P
ro
g
ra
m
m
in
g
T
o
o
l
f
o
r
T
e
a
c
h
in
g
P
o
w
e
r
S
y
ste
m
Ha
r
m
o
n
ic
M
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t‖”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s o
n
Ed
u
c
a
t
io
n
,
V
o
l
.
4
9
,
No
.
3
,
A
u
g
u
st
2
0
0
6
.
[2
6
]
A
i
w
u
Ru
a
n
,
Ba
iru
i
Jie
,
L
i
W
a
n
,
Ju
n
h
a
o
Ya
n
g
,
Ch
u
a
n
y
in
X
ian
g
,
Zu
ji
a
n
Zh
u
,
Yu
W
a
n
g
,
“
A
b
it
stre
a
m
r
e
a
d
b
a
c
k
-
b
a
se
d
a
u
to
m
a
ti
c
f
u
n
c
ti
o
n
a
l
tes
t
a
n
d
d
iag
n
o
sis m
e
th
o
d
f
o
r
X
il
i
n
x
F
P
GA
,
”
M
icro
e
lec
tro
n
ics
Re
li
a
b
il
it
y
(2
0
1
4
)
.
[2
7
]
Ig
n
a
c
io
Bra
v
o
,
A
l
f
re
d
o
G
a
rd
e
l,
Be
a
tri
z
P
e
re
z
,
Jo
se
L
u
is
L
á
z
a
ro
,
Jo
rg
e
G
a
r
c
ía,
Da
v
id
S
a
li
d
o
,
“
A
n
e
w
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
to
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
n
g
in
tern
a
l
X
il
i
n
x
F
P
G
A
re
s
o
u
rc
e
s”
,
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
y
ste
ms
Ar
c
h
it
e
c
tu
re
5
7
p
p
.
7
4
9
–
7
6
0
,
2
0
1
1
.
[2
8
]
P
.
M
a
rtí
n
a
,
E.
B
u
e
n
o
a
,
F
c
o
.
J.
Ro
d
ríg
u
e
z
a
,
O.
M
a
c
h
a
d
o
a
,
B.
V
u
k
sa
n
o
v
ic,
“
A
n
F
P
GA
-
b
a
se
d
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
to
t
h
e
a
u
to
m
a
ti
c
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
V
HD
L
c
o
d
e
f
o
r
in
d
u
strial
c
o
n
tro
l
sy
ste
m
s
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s:
A
c
a
se
st
u
d
y
o
f
M
S
O
G
Is
im
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
‖ M
a
th
e
m
a
ti
c
s an
d
Co
m
p
u
ters
in
S
im
u
latio
n
”
,
p
p
.
1
7
8
–
1
9
2
,
2
0
1
1
.
[2
9
]
S
tep
h
e
n
K.
W
o
o
d
,
Da
v
id
H.
A
k
e
h
u
rst,
Ole
g
Uz
e
n
k
o
v
,
W
.
Ga
re
th
J.
Ho
w
e
ll
s,
a
n
d
Kla
u
s
D.
M
c
Do
n
a
ld
-
M
a
ier
,
“
A
M
o
d
e
l
-
Driv
e
n
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
A
p
p
ro
a
c
h
to
M
a
p
p
i
n
g
UML
S
tat
e
Dia
g
r
a
m
s
to
S
y
n
th
e
siz
a
b
le
V
HD
L
”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Co
m
p
u
ter
s
,
V
o
l
.
5
7
,
N
o
.
1
0
,
Oc
to
b
e
r
2
0
0
8
.
[3
0
]
J.
Ho
m
a
n
n
,
H.G
.
Ess
e
l,
N.
Ku
rz
,
R.
S
.
M
a
y
e
r,
W
.
Ott,
D.
S
c
h
a
ll
,
“
T
h
e
n
e
w
d
a
ta
a
c
q
u
isit
io
n
sy
ste
m
a
t
G
S
I”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
N
u
c
l
.
S
c
i.
,
v
o
l
.
4
3
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
3
2
–
1
3
5
,
F
e
b
.
1
9
9
6
[3
1
]
H P
ich
li
k
a
n
d
R.
Ja
m
a
l,
“
Lab
V
IE
W
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s a
n
d
S
o
l
u
ti
o
n
s.
En
g
le
w
o
o
d
Cli
f
f
s”
,
NJ
:
P
re
n
ti
c
e
-
Ha
ll
,
1
9
9
9
.
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