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nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
Rec
o
nfig
ura
ble a
nd
E
m
be
dd
e
d Sy
s
t
e
m
s
(
I
J
R
E
S
)
Vo
l.
5
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
2
0
1
6
,
p
p
.
49
~
5
6
I
SS
N:
2089
-
4864
49
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ia
e
s
jo
u
r
n
a
l.c
o
m/o
n
lin
e/in
d
ex
.
p
h
p
/I
J
RES
ARM9
–
Linu
x
Kernel
P
ra
dip
Selo
k
a
r*
,
P
.
T
.
K
a
ru
le*
*
*
D
e
p
a
rt
m
e
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
&
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
S
h
ri
Ra
m
d
e
o
b
a
b
a
Co
ll
e
g
e
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
r
in
g
&
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t,
Na
g
p
u
r,
In
d
ia
*
*
De
p
a
rt
m
e
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Ya
sh
w
a
n
trao
Ch
a
v
a
n
Co
ll
e
g
e
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Na
g
p
u
r
,
In
d
ia
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
No
v
3
,
2
0
1
5
R
ev
i
s
ed
J
an
1
8
,
2
0
1
6
A
cc
ep
ted
Feb
1
1
,
2
0
1
6
A
RM
9
su
p
p
o
rts
th
e
L
in
u
x
Ke
rn
e
l.
On
a
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
s
y
st
e
m
it
is
a
d
v
a
n
tag
e
o
u
s
to
lo
a
d
th
e
Ro
o
t
F
il
e
S
y
ste
m
(RF
S
)
th
r
o
u
g
h
Ne
tw
o
rk
F
il
e
S
y
st
e
m
(NFS
).
S
e
v
e
ra
l
p
iec
e
s
o
f
so
f
t
w
a
re
a
r
e
in
v
o
lv
e
d
to
b
o
o
t
a
l
i
n
u
x
k
e
rn
e
l
o
n
S
A
M
9
p
r
o
d
u
c
ts.
F
irst
is
t
h
e
ROM
c
o
d
e
w
h
ich
is
in
c
h
a
rg
e
to
c
h
e
c
k
if
a
v
a
li
d
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
is
p
re
se
n
t
o
n
su
p
p
o
rted
m
e
d
ia
(F
LA
S
H,
D
ATA
F
LA
S
H,
NA
ND
F
LA
S
H,
a
n
d
S
DCA
RD).
T
h
e
b
o
o
t
se
q
u
e
n
c
e
o
f
li
n
u
x
f
o
r
S
A
M
is
d
o
n
e
in
se
v
e
ra
l
ste
p
s as
g
iv
e
n
b
e
lo
w
.
F
ig
u
re
1
g
iv
e
s th
e
li
n
u
x
b
o
o
t
se
q
u
e
n
c
e
.
1.
Bo
o
t
P
ro
g
ra
m
-
Ch
e
c
k
i
f
a
v
a
li
d
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
is
p
re
se
n
t
in
F
L
A
S
H
a
n
d
if
it
is
th
e
c
a
se
d
o
w
n
lo
a
d
it
in
t
o
i
n
te
rn
a
l
S
RA
M
.
2.
AT
9
1
Bo
o
tstrap
-
In
c
h
a
rg
e
o
f
h
a
rd
w
a
re
c
o
n
f
ig
u
ra
ti
o
n
,
d
o
w
n
lo
a
d
U
-
Bo
o
t
b
i
n
a
ry
f
ro
m
F
LA
S
H t
o
S
DRA
M
,
sta
rt
th
e
b
o
o
tl
o
a
d
e
r
3.
U
-
Bo
o
t
-
T
h
e
b
o
o
tl
o
a
d
e
r,
i
n
c
h
a
rg
e
o
f
d
o
w
n
lo
a
d
k
e
rn
e
l
b
in
a
ries
f
ro
m
F
LA
S
H,
n
e
tw
o
rk
,
USB
k
e
y
,
e
tc.
S
tart
th
e
k
e
rn
e
l.
4.
L
in
u
x
k
e
rn
e
l
-
T
h
e
o
p
e
ra
ti
n
g
sy
st
e
m
k
e
rn
e
l.
5.
Ro
o
t
F
il
e
sy
st
e
m
-
Co
n
tain
s
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
w
h
ich
a
re
e
x
e
c
u
ted
o
n
th
e
targ
e
t,
u
sin
g
th
e
OS
k
e
rn
e
l
se
rv
ice
s
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
:
L
i
n
u
x
Ker
n
el
Net
w
o
r
k
Fil
e
S
y
s
te
m
(
NF
S)
R
o
o
t File
S
y
s
te
m
(
R
F
S)
U
-
B
o
o
t
Co
p
y
rig
h
t
©
2
0
1
6
In
stit
u
te o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
S
c
ien
c
e
.
Al
l
rig
h
ts
re
se
rv
e
d
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
P
r
ad
ip
Selo
k
ar
,
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t o
f
E
lectr
o
n
ics
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
,
Sh
r
i Ra
m
d
eo
b
ab
a
C
o
lleg
e
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
i
n
g
&
Ma
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t,
Kato
l Ro
ad
,
Gittik
h
ad
an
,
Na
g
p
u
r
–
4
4
0
0
1
3
,
I
n
d
ia
E
m
ail:
p
r
ad
ip
.
s
elo
k
ar
@
g
m
ail.
co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
AR
M9
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
e
L
i
n
u
x
K
er
n
el.
T
h
e
f
ir
m
w
ar
e
f
o
r
A
R
M9
h
as
b
ee
n
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
in
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
C
lan
g
u
a
g
e.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
th
e
f
ir
s
t a
n
d
f
o
r
e
m
o
s
t ta
s
k
is
to
lo
ad
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
L
in
u
x
w
it
h
GC
C
co
m
p
iler
o
n
AR
M9
.
Sev
er
al
p
iece
s
o
f
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
ar
e
in
v
o
lv
ed
to
b
o
o
t
a
lin
u
x
k
er
n
el
o
n
S
A
M9
p
r
o
d
u
cts.
First
i
s
th
e
R
OM
co
d
e
w
h
ic
h
i
s
i
n
c
h
ar
g
e
t
o
ch
ec
k
i
f
a
v
alid
ap
p
licat
io
n
is
p
r
ese
n
t
o
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
m
ed
ia
(
F
L
A
SH,
DA
T
AF
L
A
SH,
N
ANDF
L
AS
H,
an
d
SDC
AR
D)
.
T
h
e
b
o
o
t
s
eq
u
en
ce
o
f
li
n
u
x
f
o
r
SAM
is
d
o
n
e
in
s
e
v
er
al
s
tep
s
as g
i
v
en
b
elo
w
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
ac
tu
al
lin
u
x
b
o
o
t u
p
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
ca
n
b
e
u
n
d
er
s
to
o
d
f
r
o
m
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
s
tep
s
1.
P
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
co
m
es o
u
t o
f
r
ese
t a
n
d
b
r
an
ch
es to
t
h
e
R
OM
s
tar
t
u
p
co
d
e.
2.
T
h
e
R
OM
s
tar
tu
p
co
d
e
i
n
i
tializes
th
e
C
P
U
a
n
d
m
e
m
o
r
y
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
p
er
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
o
n
l
y
m
in
i
m
a
l
in
itial
izatio
n
o
f
o
n
-
c
h
ip
d
ev
ic
es,
s
u
c
h
a
s
th
e
co
n
s
o
le
s
er
ial
p
o
r
t
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
b
o
o
t
d
iag
n
o
s
ti
c
m
es
s
ag
e
s
.
I
t
also
s
et
s
u
p
th
e
m
e
m
o
r
y
m
ap
f
o
r
t
h
e
k
er
n
el
to
u
s
e
i
n
a
f
o
r
m
at
t
h
at
is
co
n
s
i
s
te
n
t
ac
r
o
s
s
p
latf
o
r
m
s
,
an
d
th
en
j
u
m
p
s
to
th
e
b
o
o
t lo
ad
er
.
3.
T
h
e
b
o
o
t lo
ad
er
d
ec
o
m
p
r
ess
es
th
e
k
er
n
el
in
to
R
A
M
,
an
d
j
u
m
p
s
to
it.
4.
T
h
e
k
er
n
el
s
ets
u
p
th
e
ca
c
h
e
s
,
in
itial
izes e
ac
h
o
f
t
h
e
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
d
ev
ices
v
ia
th
e
i
n
it
f
u
n
ct
io
n
in
ea
c
h
d
r
iv
er
,
m
o
u
n
ts
th
e
r
o
o
t
f
ile
s
y
s
te
m
a
n
d
ex
ec
s
t
h
e
i
n
it
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
w
h
ich
i
s
t
h
e
u
lti
m
ate
p
ar
en
t
o
f
all
u
s
er
m
o
d
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es,
t
y
p
icall
y
/s
b
i
n
/i
n
itd
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJ
R
E
S
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
A
R
M9
–
Lin
u
x
K
ern
el
(
P
r
a
d
ip
S
elo
ka
r
)
50
E
x
ec
u
t
in
g
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
li
n
k
ed
a
g
ain
s
t
t
h
e
s
h
ar
ed
C
r
u
n
t
i
m
e
lib
r
ar
y
(
o
f
te
n
i
n
it)
ca
u
s
e
s
th
e
s
h
ar
ed
r
u
n
ti
m
e
lib
r
ar
y
to
b
e
lo
ad
ed
.
I
n
a
t
y
p
ical
L
i
n
u
x
s
y
s
te
m
,
in
i
t
r
ea
d
s
/etc/in
ittab
to
ex
ec
u
te
th
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
r
u
n
co
n
tr
o
l
s
cr
ip
t
f
r
o
m
/etc/r
c.
d
,
w
h
ic
h
ex
ec
u
te
s
t
h
e
s
tar
t
s
c
r
ip
ts
to
in
itia
lize
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
an
d
o
th
er
s
y
s
te
m
s
er
v
ices.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
B
o
o
t Seq
u
en
ce
o
f
L
i
n
u
x
f
o
r
SA
M
(
S
m
ar
t
AR
M
Mi
cr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
)
2.
AT
9
1
B
O
O
T
ST
RAP
A
T
9
1
B
o
o
ts
tr
ap
is
a
f
ir
s
t
s
t
ep
b
o
o
tlo
a
d
er
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
a
s
et
o
f
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
to
m
a
n
ag
e
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
in
itial
izatio
n
(
GP
I
O,
C
lo
c
k
,
S
DR
A
M,
etc)
,
to
d
o
w
n
lo
ad
y
o
u
r
m
a
in
ap
p
licatio
n
f
r
o
m
s
p
ec
if
ied
F
L
ASH
m
ed
ia
to
m
a
in
m
e
m
o
r
y
an
d
to
s
tar
t it
.
A
T
9
1
B
o
o
ts
tr
ap
ca
n
b
e
ea
s
ily
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
ed
u
s
i
n
g
a
h
ig
h
er
lev
el
p
r
o
to
co
l.
A
T
9
1
B
o
o
ts
tr
ap
in
teg
r
ates
s
ev
er
al
s
e
ts
o
f
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
:
Dev
ice
i
n
itializa
tio
n
s
u
c
h
as c
l
o
ck
s
p
ee
d
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
,
P
I
O
s
etti
n
g
s
,
etc.
P
er
ip
h
er
al
d
r
iv
er
s
s
u
ch
a
s
P
I
O,
P
MC,
SDR
A
MC,
etc.
P
h
y
s
ical
m
ed
ia
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
s
u
c
h
as Da
ta
Fla
s
h
,
N
A
ND
Fla
s
h
,
P
ar
allel
Flas
h
,
etc.
Fil
e
S
y
s
te
m
d
r
iv
er
s
s
u
c
h
as J
F
FS
2
,
F
A
T
,
etc.
C
o
m
p
r
ess
io
n
an
d
C
ip
h
er
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
T
h
e
b
o
o
tlo
a
d
er
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
in
itializat
io
n
(
P
L
L
s
,
P
I
Os,
SDR
AM
C
,
SP
I
)
,
lo
a
d
s
UB
o
o
t
f
r
o
m
Data
Fla
s
h
s
ec
to
r
s
to
SD
R
A
M
an
d
t
h
en
j
u
m
p
s
to
it.
2
.
1
.
L
o
a
d AT9
1
B
o
o
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rd
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ased
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in
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u
r
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)
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ia
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th
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IJ
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A
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f
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ai
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th
en
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ap
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licatio
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s
ex
ec
u
ted
.
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t
w
aits
f
o
r
tr
an
s
ac
ti
o
n
s
eith
e
r
o
n
th
e
USB
d
ev
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r
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n
th
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r
t,
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h
en
th
e
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A
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to
o
l
ca
n
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s
ed
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r
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a
m
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P
R
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r
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t o
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y
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r
b
o
a
r
d
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–
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b
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t
tak
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p
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h
e
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n
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x
d
e
m
o
a
s
a
s
ec
o
n
d
s
ta
g
e
b
o
o
tlo
ad
er
.
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t
is
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
o
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i
g
u
r
in
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m
ai
n
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n
ter
f
ac
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a
n
d
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n
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h
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h
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en
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e
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n
t
s
p
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s
to
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es
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les
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ee
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ed
b
y
t
h
e
b
o
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t
lo
ad
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co
n
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g
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n
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ir
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ig
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t
ar
g
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m
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n
ts
,
s
to
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ag
e
lo
ca
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etc.
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.
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t
is
lo
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ted
in
th
e
s
a
m
e
m
ed
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th
at
it
h
a
s
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o
o
ted
f
r
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m
.
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o
ad
in
g
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-
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t o
n
A
T
9
1
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o
ar
d
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s
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m
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r
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th
at
o
f
lo
ad
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g
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T
9
1
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o
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ts
tr
ap
.
3
.
1
.
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–
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o
t
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n
g
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ter
m
i
n
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s
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t
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MI
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OM
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n
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x
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n
d
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y
p
er
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er
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in
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l
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n
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n
d
o
w
s
)
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n
a
h
o
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t
s
y
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n
co
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n
ec
t
to
u
-
b
o
o
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
DB
GU
s
er
ia
l
in
ter
f
ac
e.
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ia
l
co
m
m
u
n
icat
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n
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
ar
e
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1
5
2
0
0
8
-
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1
i.e
.
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ab
le
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.
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ial
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o
m
m
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icatio
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e
ter
s
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t
e
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0
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a
t
a
8
b
i
t
s
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a
r
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t
y
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n
e
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t
o
p
1
b
i
t
F
l
o
w
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n
t
r
o
l
N
o
n
e
T
h
e
“m
i
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ico
m
”
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n
d
o
w
ap
p
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r
s
o
n
a
L
i
n
u
x
ter
m
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(
k
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le)
b
y
ap
p
l
y
i
n
g
t
h
e
co
m
m
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n
d
m
i
n
ico
m
.
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o
s
et
th
e
s
er
ial
co
m
m
u
n
icati
o
n
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
,
t
h
e
co
m
m
a
n
d
m
i
n
ico
m
–
s
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
ap
p
lied
.
Af
ter
ap
p
l
y
i
n
g
th
is
co
m
m
an
d
t
h
e
w
in
d
o
w
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
5
ap
p
ea
r
s
.
I
n
th
is
w
i
n
d
o
w
y
o
u
s
h
o
u
ld
g
o
to
“
s
er
ial
p
o
r
t set
u
p
”.
On
ce
en
ter
ed
in
s
er
ia
l
p
o
r
t
s
etu
p
,
th
e
w
i
n
d
o
w
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
ap
p
ea
r
s
.
Set
s
er
ial
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
w
i
n
d
o
w
ca
p
ital
letter
alp
h
ab
et
s
ar
e
th
er
e
ad
j
ac
en
t
to
ea
ch
p
ar
a
m
eter
.
T
o
s
et
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
p
ar
a
m
eter
,
p
r
ess
a
co
r
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
in
g
alp
h
ab
et
k
e
y
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
k
e
y
b
o
ar
d
i.e
.
„
A‟
f
o
r
Ser
ial
De
v
ice,
„
E
‟
f
o
r
B
p
s
/P
ar
/B
its
,
„
F
‟
f
o
r
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d
w
ar
e
Fl
o
w
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o
n
tr
o
l
etc.
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d
w
ar
e
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w
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o
n
tr
o
l
i
s
s
et
to
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b
ec
au
s
e
t
h
er
e
ar
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n
o
h
an
d
s
h
a
k
i
n
g
t
y
p
e
o
f
s
i
g
n
als.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Min
ico
m
w
i
n
d
o
w
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I
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N
:
2
0
8
9
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IJ
R
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l.
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,
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r
ch
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53
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u
r
e
6
.
Ser
ial
P
o
r
t Setu
p
in
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ico
m
3
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2
.
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–
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t
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a
in Co
m
m
a
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ds
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etenv
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t
h
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m
m
an
d
is
u
s
ed
to
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et
v
ar
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les
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ve
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th
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m
m
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e
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les p
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ir
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t p
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ag
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s
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m
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d
p
r
in
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t v
ar
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les
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llo
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o
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b
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i.e
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r
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b
o
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d
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m
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e
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e
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3
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3
.
U
–
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t
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pa
bil
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IJ
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A
R
M9
–
Lin
u
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K
ern
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(
P
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56
As
s
o
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as
th
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li
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x
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la
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it
w
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m
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‟
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P
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ess
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„
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(
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ef
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to
Fig
u
r
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in
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Net
w
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l
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Fig
u
r
e
9
,
it
s
h
o
w
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th
e
Fil
e
n
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e
as
„
lin
u
x
‟
w
h
ic
h
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ac
tu
a
ll
y
a
‘
u
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ile
o
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l,
cr
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ted
u
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g
th
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tep
s
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tio
n
ed
in
s
ec
tio
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3
.
5
(
L
I
N
UX
KE
R
NE
L
)
.
I
h
av
e
r
en
a
m
e
d
th
e
f
ile
„
u
I
ma
g
e’
a
s
„
lin
u
x
‟
f
o
r
s
i
m
p
licit
y
.
6.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
I
h
av
e
ex
p
lai
n
ed
h
o
w
to
lo
ad
L
in
u
x
o
p
er
atin
g
s
y
s
te
m
o
n
AR
M9
th
r
o
u
g
h
n
et
w
o
r
k
,
i.e
.
R
FS
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
N
FS
.
On
ce
t
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
f
ir
m
w
ar
e
is
o
v
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t
h
e
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i
n
u
x
k
er
n
el
an
d
t
h
e
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f
ile
s
y
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te
m
ca
n
b
e
b
u
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n
t
co
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p
lete
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y
to
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e
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A
ND
Fla
s
h
f
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p
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e
n
t
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As
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e,
AR
M9
c
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co
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m
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w
it
h
t
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AR
M7
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s
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C
AN
b
u
s
.
AR
M7
f
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th
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co
m
m
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icate
s
s
er
ia
ll
y
w
it
h
t
h
e
g
en
er
al
p
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p
o
s
e
m
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co
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tr
o
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s
.
T
h
u
s
s
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ial
d
ata
ca
n
b
e
b
r
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u
p
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E
th
er
n
et
u
s
i
n
g
A
R
M9
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
Jin
x
u
e
Zh
a
n
g
,
M
i
n
g
Zh
a
n
g
,
“
Res
e
a
rc
h
a
n
d
De
sig
n
o
f
Emb
e
d
d
e
d
T
a
n
k
Ca
r
M
o
n
it
o
rin
g
S
y
ste
m
Ba
se
d
o
n
AR
M
9
”
,
IEE
E
Co
m
p
u
ter S
o
c
iety
,
2
0
0
9
S
e
c
o
n
d
I
n
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
y
m
p
o
siu
m
o
n
Co
m
p
u
tatio
n
a
l
In
tell
ig
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
De
sig
n
.
[2
]
S
h
a
o
k
e
Ch
e
n
a
n
d
S
h
a
o
ju
n
Jia
n
g
,
“
De
sig
n
o
f
Em
b
e
d
d
e
d
Ne
two
rk
In
ter
fa
c
e
Co
n
tro
ll
e
r
B
a
se
d
o
n
A
RM
9
a
n
d
AR
M
L
in
u
x
”
,
A
p
p
l
ied
C
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
,
a
n
d
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
F
irst
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
F
u
t
u
re
Co
m
p
u
ter an
d
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
,
F
CC
2
0
0
9
,
W
u
h
a
n
,
Ch
i
n
a
,
Ju
n
e
6
-
7
,
2
0
0
9
.
P
ro
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
–
S
p
ri
n
g
e
rli
n
k
.
[3
]
M
ik
e
M
e
y
e
rste
in
,
I
n
h
y
o
k
Ch
a
a
n
d
Yo
g
e
n
d
ra
S
h
a
h
,
“
S
e
c
u
rity
Asp
e
c
ts
o
f
S
ma
rt
Ca
rd
s
v
s.
Emb
e
d
d
e
d
S
e
c
u
rity
in
M
a
c
h
in
e
-
to
-
M
a
c
h
in
e
(
M
2
M
)
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
d
M
o
b
il
e
Ne
two
rk
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
”
,
S
e
c
u
rit
y
a
n
d
P
riv
a
c
y
in
M
o
b
il
e
In
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
C
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
m
s.
F
irst
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
ICS
T
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
,
M
o
b
iS
e
c
2
0
0
9
,
T
u
rin
,
Italy
,
Ju
n
e
3
-
5
,
2
0
0
9
,
Re
v
ise
d
S
e
lec
ted
P
a
p
e
rs
–
S
p
rin
g
e
rli
n
k
.
[4
]
Ou
Qin
g
v
u
,
Hu
a
n
g
Ka
i
a
n
d
W
u
X
iao
p
in
g
,
“
Res
e
a
rc
h
o
n
th
e
Emb
e
d
d
e
d
S
e
c
u
rity
Arc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
Ba
se
d
o
n
th
e
Co
n
tro
l
Fl
o
w
S
e
c
u
rity
”
,
IEE
E
Co
m
p
u
te
r
S
o
c
iety
:
2
0
0
9
S
e
c
o
n
d
I
n
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
W
o
rk
sh
o
p
o
n
Co
m
p
u
t
e
r
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
.
[5
]
Ch
a
n
d
ra
se
k
a
ra
n
,
S
.
Ra
jen
d
ra
n
,
J
.
A
n
n
a
m
a
l
a
i,
“
Da
ta
Dr
ive
n
S
e
c
u
rity
Al
a
rm
M
o
d
e
l
f
o
r
Emb
e
d
d
e
d
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
”
,
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Ne
tw
o
rk
in
g
,
2
0
0
8
.
ICCCn
2
0
0
8
.
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
–
IEE
E
x
p
lo
re
d
ig
it
a
l
li
b
ra
ry
.
[6
]
G
u
y
G
o
g
n
iat,
T
il
m
a
n
W
o
lf
a
n
d
o
th
e
rs,
“
Re
c
o
n
f
ig
u
ra
b
le
h
a
rd
w
a
re
f
o
r
h
ig
h
-
se
c
u
rit
y
/h
ig
h
-
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
e
m
b
e
d
d
e
d
s
y
ste
m
s:
th
e
S
A
F
ES
p
e
rsp
e
c
ti
v
e
”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Ver
y
L
a
rg
e
S
c
a
le
In
te
g
ra
ti
o
n
(
VL
S
I)
S
y
ste
ms
,
V
o
lu
m
e
16
,
Iss
u
e
2
(
F
e
b
ru
a
ry
2
0
0
8
)
.
[7
]
T
e
d
Hu
ffm
ir
e
,
Bre
tt
Bo
th
e
rto
n
a
n
d
o
th
e
rs,
“
M
a
n
a
g
in
g
S
e
c
u
rit
y
in
F
P
G
A
b
a
se
d
e
m
b
e
d
d
e
d
S
y
ste
m
s”
,
No
v
e
m
b
e
r
-
De
c
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
0
8
(v
o
l.
2
5
n
o
.
6
)
,
I
EE
E
CS
d
i
g
it
a
l
L
i
b
ra
ry
.
[8
]
R.
V
a
slin
,
G
.
G
o
g
n
iat,
J.
-
P
.
Dig
u
e
t,
R.
T
e
ss
i
e
r,
a
n
d
W
.
Bu
rles
o
n
.
A
s
e
c
u
rit
y
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
f
o
r
o
ff
-
ch
ip
m
e
m
o
r
y
in
e
m
b
e
d
d
e
d
m
icro
p
ro
c
e
ss
o
r
sy
ste
m
s
.
El
se
v
ier
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
M
icr
o
e
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
M
icr
o
p
ro
c
e
ss
o
rs
,
2
0
0
8
.
[9
]
T
.
Ei
se
n
b
a
rth
,
T
.
G
u
n
e
y
su
,
C.
P
a
a
r,
A
.
-
R.
S
a
d
e
g
h
i,
D.
S
c
h
e
ll
e
k
e
n
s,
a
n
d
M
.
W
o
lf
.
Rec
o
n
fi
g
u
ra
b
le
tr
u
ste
d
c
o
mp
u
ti
n
g
in
h
a
r
d
wa
re
.
I
n
P
r
o
c
e
e
d
in
g
s o
f
th
e
A
CM
W
o
rk
sh
o
p
o
n
S
c
a
lab
le T
ru
ste
d
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
N
o
v
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
0
7
.
[1
0
]
R.
El
b
a
z
,
L
.
T
o
rre
s,
G
.
S
a
ss
a
telli
,
P
.
G
u
il
le
m
in
,
M
.
Ba
rd
o
u
il
let,
a
n
d
A
.
M
a
rti
n
e
z
.
A
p
a
ra
ll
e
li
ze
d
wa
y
to
p
ro
v
id
e
d
a
t
a
e
n
c
ry
p
ti
o
n
a
n
d
i
n
teg
rity
c
h
e
c
k
in
g
o
n
a
p
ro
c
e
ss
o
r
-
me
mo
ry
b
u
s
.
In
P
ro
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
th
e
IEE
E/
ACMIn
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
De
sig
n
A
u
to
m
a
ti
o
n
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
,
J
u
ly
2
0
0
6
.
[1
1
]
T.
Bu
rles
o
n
,
W
.
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
S
o
u
t
h
Brit
a
n
n
y
,
“
Rec
o
n
fi
g
u
ra
b
le
S
e
c
u
rity
S
u
p
p
o
rt
fo
r
Em
b
e
d
d
e
d
S
y
ste
ms
”
,
HICSS
'
0
6
.
P
ro
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
th
e
3
9
th
A
n
n
u
a
l
Ha
w
a
ii
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
S
y
ste
m
S
c
ien
c
e
s,
2
0
0
6
–
IEE
E
x
p
lo
re
d
ig
it
a
l
li
b
ra
ry
.
[1
2
]
C.
Ya
n
,
B.
Ro
g
e
rs,
D.
En
g
len
d
e
r,
Y.
S
o
li
h
in
,
a
n
d
M
.
P
rv
u
lo
v
i
c
.
Imp
ro
v
in
g
c
o
st,
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
,
a
n
d
se
c
u
rity
o
f
me
mo
ry
e
n
c
ry
p
ti
o
n
a
n
d
a
u
t
h
e
n
ti
c
a
ti
o
n
.
I
n
P
ro
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
th
e
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
y
m
p
o
siu
m
o
n
Co
m
p
u
ter
A
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
,
Ju
n
e
2
0
0
6
.
[1
3
]
Z
Ba
ru
c
h
a
n
d
o
th
e
rs,
2
0
0
6
IE
EE
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Au
to
m
a
ti
o
n
,
Qu
a
li
ty
a
n
d
T
e
s
ti
n
g
,
Ro
b
o
ti
c
s,
Em
b
e
d
d
e
d
S
y
ste
m
f
o
r
n
e
tw
o
rk
f
l
o
w
id
e
n
ti
f
ica
ti
o
n
.
BI
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