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e
an
d
m
illi
o
n
s
o
f
i
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
s
p
er
s
ec
o
n
d
(
MI
P
S)
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
[
3
]
.
T
h
e
DL
X
R
I
S
C
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
is
th
e
s
i
m
p
lest
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
(
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
)
u
s
ed
f
o
r
ac
ad
em
ic
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
an
d
is
th
e
b
asic
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
f
o
r
co
m
m
er
cia
ll
y
av
ailab
le
R
I
SC
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
s
.
T
h
e
D
L
X
ar
c
h
itect
u
r
e
in
cl
u
d
es
a
r
eg
is
ter
s
et
o
f
3
2
r
eg
i
s
ter
s
ea
ch
o
f
s
ize
3
2
-
b
it
s
w
id
e
an
d
a
3
2
-
b
it
P
r
o
g
r
am
co
u
n
ter
(
P
C
)
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
is
b
ased
o
n
f
iv
e
-
s
tag
e
p
ip
eli
n
in
g
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e.
T
h
ese
p
ip
elin
e
s
ta
g
es
ar
e
I
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
Fetch
(
I
F),
I
n
s
tr
u
ct
io
n
Dec
o
d
e
(
I
D)
,
E
x
ec
u
te
(
E
X)
,
Me
m
o
r
y
A
cc
e
s
s
(
ME
M)
an
d
W
r
ite
b
ac
k
(
W
B
)
.
Du
r
in
g
I
F
s
ta
g
e,
a
3
2
-
b
it in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
w
ill
g
et
f
etch
ed
f
r
o
m
m
e
m
o
r
y
.
T
h
e
P
C
h
o
ld
s
t
h
e
ad
d
r
ess
o
f
n
e
x
t
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
to
b
e
f
etch
ed
(
i)
b
y
i
n
cr
e
m
e
n
ti
n
g
P
C
b
y
4
in
ca
s
e
o
f
s
eq
u
en
tial
ex
ec
u
tio
n
a
n
d
(
ii)
b
r
an
ch
tar
g
et
ad
d
r
ess
p
r
ed
icted
b
y
t
h
e
b
r
an
ch
p
r
ed
ictio
n
lo
g
ic.
Du
r
i
n
g
I
D
s
tag
e,
t
h
e
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
d
ec
o
d
er
d
ec
o
d
es
th
e
3
2
-
b
it
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
s
i
n
to
v
ar
io
u
s
f
iel
d
s
as
g
iv
e
n
i
n
T
ab
le
1
an
d
d
eter
m
in
e
s
t
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
o
p
er
an
d
s
a
n
d
b
r
an
ch
i
n
g
ad
d
r
ess
.
Du
r
in
g
E
X
s
tag
e,
t
h
e
AL
U
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
t
h
e
ar
ith
m
etic
a
n
d
lo
g
ical
o
p
er
atio
n
s
o
n
th
e
o
p
er
an
d
s
d
ec
o
d
ed
/
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
t
h
e
in
s
t
r
u
ctio
n
d
ec
o
d
er
.
Du
r
in
g
ME
M
s
tag
e,
t
h
e
co
m
p
u
ted
r
esu
lt
s
w
i
ll
b
e
s
to
r
ed
in
th
e
d
ata
m
e
m
o
r
y
.
T
h
e
r
es
u
lt
w
il
l
b
e
w
r
itte
n
b
ac
k
i
n
to
r
eg
i
s
ter
d
u
r
i
n
g
W
B
s
tag
e.
T
h
e
M
E
M
an
d
W
B
c
y
cle
s
ca
n
b
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
in
a
s
i
n
g
le
clo
ck
c
y
cle
a
n
d
h
e
n
ce
t
h
e
e
x
ec
u
tio
n
o
f
an
in
s
tr
u
ct
io
n
ca
n
b
e
co
m
p
leted
i
n
4
clo
ck
c
y
cle
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
A
r
ch
itectu
r
e
o
f
D
L
X
R
I
SC
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
I
F
1
I
D
1
EX
1
M
E
M
1
W
B
1
I
F
2
I
D
2
EX
2
M
E
M
2
W
B
2
I
F
3
I
D
3
EX
3
M
E
M
3
W
B
3
I
F
4
I
D
4
EX
4
M
E
M
4
W
B
4
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Fiv
e
s
ta
g
e
p
ip
elin
i
n
g
o
f
DL
X
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
T
h
e
A
r
ith
m
etic
an
d
L
o
g
ic
U
n
it
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AL
U)
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
th
e
3
2
-
b
it
in
teg
er
an
d
f
lo
ati
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g
p
o
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t
(
s
in
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le
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d
o
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b
le
p
r
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)
ar
ith
m
e
tic
o
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atio
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d
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g
ical
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p
er
atio
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.
A
ll
t
h
e
i
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
s
in
D
L
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p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
s
ar
e
C
lo
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p
u
l
s
e
(
n
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
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2
0
8
9
-
4
864
I
J
R
E
S
V
o
l.
7
,
No
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2
,
J
u
l
y
201
8
:
74
–
81
76
32
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b
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g
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e
f
o
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w
i
n
g
th
r
ee
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e
s
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
t
y
p
e
o
f
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
:
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(
r
eg
is
te
r
)
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t
y
p
e,
I
(
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ia
te
)
-
t
y
p
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n
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ju
mp
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ty
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tr
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ctio
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ee
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ter
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r
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esti
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h
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i
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s
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u
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ter
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1
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it
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m
m
ed
iate
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d
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s
ig
n
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te
n
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ed
to
3
2
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it)
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e
u
s
ed
.
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h
e
J
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t
y
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n
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6
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d
26
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d
.
T
h
e
d
esti
n
ati
o
n
ad
d
r
ess
is
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
in
g
th
e
2
6
-
b
it
o
p
er
an
d
v
alu
e.
T
ab
le
1
s
u
m
m
ar
izes
th
e
in
s
tr
u
c
tio
n
f
o
r
m
at
s
o
f
D
L
X
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
.
T
ab
le
1
.
I
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
f
o
r
m
ats o
f
DL
X
R
I
SC
I
n
st
r
u
c
t
i
o
n
Ty
p
e
B
i
t
s
31
-
26
25
-
21
20
-
16
15
-
11
10
-
0
R
-
t
y
p
e
0
x
0
R1
R2
Rd
U
n
u
se
d
I
-
t
y
p
e
O
p
c
o
d
e
R1
R2
I
mm
e
d
i
a
t
e
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t
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p
e
O
p
c
o
d
e
V
a
l
u
e
3.
O
VE
RVI
E
W
O
F
E
M
B
E
DD
E
D
P
RO
CE
SS
O
R
T
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S
T
I
N
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T
h
e
d
ig
ital
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cu
it
te
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ti
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tech
n
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e
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ca
n
b
e
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r
o
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ly
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s
s
i
f
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ed
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to
ex
ter
n
a
l
test
i
n
g
an
d
s
e
lf
-
test
in
g
.
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h
e
co
n
v
en
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et
h
o
d
o
f
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
i
n
g
test
o
f
d
ig
it
al
cir
cu
its
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ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
u
s
i
n
g
Au
to
m
atic
T
est
E
q
u
ip
m
e
n
t
(
A
T
E
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h
ar
d
w
ar
e.
T
h
e
q
u
alit
y
te
s
t
p
atter
n
s
ar
e
g
en
er
ated
u
s
i
n
g
test
p
atter
n
g
en
er
atio
n
al
g
o
r
ith
m
an
d
th
eir
ex
p
ec
ted
r
esp
o
n
s
e
s
a
r
e
s
to
r
ed
in
A
T
E
m
e
m
o
r
y
.
T
h
e
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
b
ased
s
elf
-
tes
tin
g
(
also
k
n
o
w
n
as
B
u
ilt
i
n
Sel
f
-
T
est)
o
f
a
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
f
ac
ilit
ate
s
th
e
g
e
n
er
atio
n
o
f
test
p
atter
n
s
u
s
in
g
L
F
SR
,
ap
p
licatio
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o
f
th
e
test
p
atter
n
s
to
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
u
n
d
er
test
an
d
th
e
an
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
test
r
esp
o
n
s
es
f
o
r
its
f
u
n
c
tio
n
al
co
r
r
ec
tn
es
s
w
it
h
o
u
t
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
a
n
y
ex
ter
n
al
cir
c
u
itr
y
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
u
s
es
th
e
in
ter
n
al
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
s
u
c
h
as
ex
is
ti
n
g
h
ar
d
w
ar
e,
m
e
m
o
r
y
a
n
d
o
th
er
test
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
h
ar
d
w
ar
e.
T
h
e
m
aj
o
r
is
s
u
es
to
b
e
d
ea
lt
ca
r
ef
u
ll
y
w
i
th
t
h
e
B
I
ST
is
th
e
Har
d
w
ar
e
o
v
er
h
ea
d
,
test
d
ata
g
en
er
atio
n
an
d
te
s
t
ap
p
licatio
n
ti
m
e,
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
esp
ec
iall
y
in
cr
it
ical
p
ath
s
in
ca
s
e
o
f
h
ig
h
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
d
ev
ice
s
,
p
o
w
er
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
d
u
r
in
g
s
el
f
-
te
s
tin
g
.
T
h
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
-
b
ased
s
el
f
-
te
s
ti
n
g
(
SB
ST
)
[
4
]
-
[
9
]
p
r
o
v
id
es
an
alter
n
ati
v
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
th
e
ab
o
v
e
d
escr
ib
ed
li
m
itatio
n
s
o
f
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
b
ased
s
e
lf
-
te
s
ti
n
g
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
y
.
I
n
t
h
is
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
y
,
g
e
n
er
atio
n
a
n
d
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
te
s
t
p
atter
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
u
n
d
er
test
a
n
d
r
esp
o
n
s
e
an
al
y
s
is
ar
e
ca
r
r
ie
d
o
u
t
b
y
esp
ec
iall
y
w
r
itte
n
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
r
o
u
ti
n
es
e
x
ec
u
ted
o
n
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
its
e
lf
.
T
h
e
s
elf
-
te
s
t
r
o
u
ti
n
e
is
s
t
o
r
ed
in
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
m
e
m
o
r
y
an
d
t
h
e
d
ata
n
ee
d
ed
is
s
to
r
ed
in
Da
ta
m
e
m
o
r
y
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
.
A
s
i
m
p
lifie
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
b
ased
s
el
f
-
test
i
n
g
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
SB
ST
is
b
ased
o
n
I
n
s
tr
u
ct
io
n
Set
A
r
ch
itec
tu
r
e
(
I
S
A
)
a
n
d
th
e
R
eg
i
s
ter
T
r
an
s
f
er
L
a
n
g
u
ag
e
(
R
T
L
)
d
escr
ip
tio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
an
d
th
e
test
en
g
in
ee
r
n
ee
d
n
o
t
h
av
e
co
m
p
lete
h
a
r
d
w
ar
e
an
d
th
e
d
etails
o
f
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
al
f
a
u
lt
m
o
d
el.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
ex
ec
u
tes
th
e
te
s
t
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
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iate
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ated
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ig
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r
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ased
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ch
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r
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e
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ates
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u
r
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e
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ates
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ased
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ased
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eq
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er
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d
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r
ed
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o
r
th
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s
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it
h
m
e
tic
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d
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g
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o
p
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s
h
as
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m
m
ar
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d
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th
is
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h
e
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er
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er
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d
e
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ased
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f
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ch
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k
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g
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T
SC
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m
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it
h
t
w
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ail
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.
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h
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r
k
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as
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at
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r
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h
ar
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w
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(
L
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s
)
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d
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n
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cr
ea
s
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p
o
w
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co
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m
p
tio
n
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
S
h
e
k
h
a
r
Bo
rk
a
r,
M
icr
o
a
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
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n
d
De
sig
n
Ch
a
ll
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n
g
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s
fo
r
Gig
a
sc
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le
In
te
g
ra
ti
o
n
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P
ro
c
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e
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
th
e
3
7
t
h
a
n
n
u
a
l
IE
EE
/A
CM
In
tern
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ti
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l
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p
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siu
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M
icro
a
rc
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it
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tu
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p
.
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-
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c
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-
0
8
,
2
0
0
4
,
P
o
rtl
a
n
d
,
Ore
g
o
n
.
[2
]
Cristi
a
n
C
o
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sta
n
ti
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e
sc
u
,
T
re
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d
s
a
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ll
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n
V
L
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Circ
u
it
Re
li
a
b
il
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y
,
IEE
E
M
icr
o
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v
.
2
3
n
.
4
,
p
.
1
4
-
1
9
,
Ju
ly
2
0
0
3
.
[3
]
Ha
la
El
A
a
ra
g
,
A
c
o
m
p
lete
d
e
sig
n
o
f
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RIS
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p
ro
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o
r
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g
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l
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o
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rn
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m
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g
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ie
n
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ll
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o
lu
m
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2
5
Iss
u
e
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,
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c
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
0
9
P
a
g
e
s 2
0
5
-
2
1
3
.
[4
]
M
ih
a
li
s
P
sa
ra
k
is
a
n
d
Dim
it
ris
G
i
z
o
p
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st
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ro
c
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r
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tw
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r
e
-
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se
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-
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De
sig
n
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st o
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mp
u
ter
s,
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EE
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,
2
0
1
0
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g
.
4
-
1
8
.
[5
]
C.
H.
-
P
.
W
e
n
,
L
.
-
C.
W
a
n
g
,
a
n
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.
Ch
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g
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im
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r
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rs,’’
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m
p
u
ter
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o
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1
1
,
2
0
0
6
,
p
p
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1
3
3
5
-
1
3
4
3
.
[6
]
N.
Kra
n
it
is
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t
a
l.
,
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o
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re
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B
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se
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T
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stin
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d
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ro
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o
rs,”
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T
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n
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m
p
u
ter
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4
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0
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p
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6
1
-
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7
5
.
[7
]
D.
G
izo
p
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lo
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t
a
l.
,
‘‘S
y
ste
m
a
ti
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S
o
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d
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c
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ss
o
rs,’’
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
Ver
y
L
a
rg
e
S
c
a
le In
teg
ra
ti
o
n
(
VL
S
I)
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
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l.
1
6
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
2
0
0
8
,
p
p
.
1
4
4
1
-
1
4
5
3
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
R
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S
I
SS
N:
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81
[8
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K.
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tch
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P
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[9
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3
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0
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sc
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mitt
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ts,
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1
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Do
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re
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L
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De
sig
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.