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A co
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l
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t
th
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ra
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u
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t).
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s
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tr
a
n
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th
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e
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t
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riatio
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y
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ter
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a
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se
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term
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lt
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ica
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e
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t
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d
e
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h
a
v
e
c
h
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ra
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teristics
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ig
h
e
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th
a
n
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DMG
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GC
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DO
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li
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te
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su
lt
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tain
e
d
f
ro
m
th
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u
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h
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IL
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CO
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ATLA
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t
w
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e
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ey
w
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r
d
s
:
A
T
L
AS (
SIL
V
AC
O)
DM
G
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GC
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DM
G
-
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DC
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Dr
ain
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CC B
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SA
li
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C
o
r
r
e
s
p
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A
uth
o
r
:
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d
J
aa
f
ar
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Facu
lt
y
o
f
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ien
ce
a
n
d
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ec
h
n
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lo
g
y
,
Un
i
v
er
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it
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S
u
lta
n
Mo
u
la
y
Sli
m
an
e,
B
en
i M
ellal,
Mo
r
o
cc
o
.
E
m
ail:
h
.
j
aa
f
ar
@
u
s
m
s
.
m
a
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Sin
ce
th
e
i
n
v
e
n
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
tr
an
s
is
to
r
i
n
1
9
4
7
,
th
en
th
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t
o
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t
h
e
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te
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ated
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cu
it
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n
1
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b
y
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ac
k
Kilb
y
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th
e
p
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m
icr
o
e
lectr
o
n
ics
h
a
s
b
ee
n
co
n
s
id
er
ab
le,
b
o
th
at
th
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
p
er
f
o
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m
an
ce
an
d
th
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i
n
cr
ea
s
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o
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co
m
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le
x
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f
th
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ci
r
c
u
it
s
lo
w
er
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r
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d
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ctio
n
co
s
t
s
.
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S
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tal
O
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i
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e
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m
ico
n
d
u
c
to
r
)
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
s
o
n
s
il
ico
n
u
s
ed
i
n
C
MO
S
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
(
C
o
m
p
le
m
en
tar
y
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OS)
ar
e
t
h
e
m
ain
ar
ti
s
an
s
o
f
t
h
is
co
n
tin
u
al
p
r
o
g
r
ess
io
n
an
d
o
v
e
r
w
h
el
m
in
g
l
y
d
o
m
i
n
ate
t
h
e
s
e
m
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
m
ar
k
et.
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w
e
v
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,
af
ter
al
m
o
s
t
t
w
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n
t
y
y
ea
r
s
o
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u
n
r
estra
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n
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ac
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th
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d
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m
en
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io
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s
o
f
t
h
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elec
tr
o
n
ic
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
,
th
e
p
r
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b
le
m
s
ar
e
n
o
lo
n
g
er
li
m
ited
o
n
l
y
to
t
h
e
d
if
f
ic
u
ltie
s
o
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i
m
p
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m
e
n
ta
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.
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e
n
o
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ee
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m
e
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th
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r
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l
n
a
tu
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lli
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g
in
to
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e
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v
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ta
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f
f
er
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d
b
y
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MO
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tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
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h
es
e
in
cl
u
d
e
th
e
lo
w
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n
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f
t
h
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d
r
ain
p
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tial
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ier
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,
s
h
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t
ch
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n
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s
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S
C
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,
p
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f
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t
u
m
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r
e,
g
ate
t
u
n
n
el
cu
r
r
en
t,
an
d
s
o
o
n
[
1
]
.
T
h
ese
p
h
en
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m
e
n
a
h
av
e
u
n
f
o
r
tu
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atel
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m
e
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itab
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w
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th
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d
i
m
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n
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io
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s
o
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d
ev
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asti
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e
s
e
d
if
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icu
l
ties
,
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
is
to
m
o
d
i
f
y
t
h
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ar
ch
itectu
r
e
o
f
cu
r
r
e
n
t
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
,
i
n
p
ar
ticu
lar
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
g
r
id
s
in
o
r
d
er
to
h
av
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b
etter
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
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t
f
lo
w
,
ap
p
ea
r
s
to
b
e
a
s
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
ch
o
ice
f
o
r
th
e
f
u
t
u
r
e
o
f
th
e
m
icr
o
elec
tr
o
n
ics
[
2
]
.
I
t
s
ee
m
s
clea
r
th
a
t
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
s
in
teg
r
ati
n
g
a
s
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o
n
d
g
r
id
s
u
c
h
as
t
h
e
d
o
u
b
le
-
g
ate
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
an
d
th
e
F
in
FET
ar
e
b
ec
o
m
i
n
g
ess
e
n
ti
a
l
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
d
esig
n
o
f
m
ic
r
o
an
d
n
an
o
elec
tr
o
n
ic
cir
cu
i
ts
[
3
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t J
R
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o
n
f
i
g
u
r
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&
E
m
b
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Sy
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t
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N:
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r
a
in
co
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d
u
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n
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e
…
(
Hin
d
Ja
a
fa
r
)
35
A
t
t
h
i
s
s
ca
le,
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
lo
ck
s
f
o
r
in
d
u
s
tr
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s
ts
an
d
esp
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iall
y
in
te
g
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ated
cir
cu
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(
I
C
)
d
esig
n
er
s
i
s
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
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ex
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s
ti
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co
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p
ac
t
m
o
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a
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d
estab
l
is
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n
e
w
co
m
p
ac
t,
r
eliab
le
a
n
d
s
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p
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co
m
p
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u
c
h
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m
u
lti
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g
a
te
MO
S
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
,
a
ls
o
k
n
o
w
n
as
M
u
lti
-
Gate
s
(
MG
)
FET
s
.
T
h
an
k
s
to
th
eir
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es,
t
h
ese
d
ev
ices
o
f
f
er
n
o
t
o
n
l
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a
h
ig
h
er
c
u
r
r
en
t
b
u
t
also
a
b
etter
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
th
e
c
h
a
n
n
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w
h
e
n
th
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d
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m
e
n
s
io
n
s
ar
e
g
r
ea
t
l
y
r
ed
u
ce
d
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
b
u
lk
MO
SF
E
T
[
4
]
.
T
h
e
C
y
li
n
d
r
ical
Su
r
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
Gat
e
MO
SF
E
T
(
SR
G
MO
SF
E
T
)
is
an
ex
ce
llen
t
ca
n
d
id
ate
to
co
n
tin
u
e
th
e
m
in
ia
tu
r
izatio
n
o
f
th
e
MO
S
d
ev
ices
as
w
ell
a
s
to
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n
cr
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s
e
t
h
e
d
en
s
i
t
y
o
f
i
n
te
g
r
atio
n
i
n
t
h
e
C
M
O
S
cir
cu
it
s
.
I
n
d
ee
d
,
th
is
ar
c
h
it
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tu
r
e
ex
h
ib
its
h
i
g
h
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
f
o
r
s
m
a
ll
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
s
a
n
d
s
m
all
r
ad
i
o
f
s
il
ico
n
(
les
s
th
a
n
o
r
eq
u
al
to
5
n
m
)
,
s
u
c
h
a
s
e
x
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lle
n
t
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tr
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s
tatic
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tr
o
l,
a
s
lo
p
e
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elo
w
t
h
e
id
ea
l th
r
es
h
o
ld
,
a
lo
w
DI
B
L
,
etc
[
5
-
8
]
.
T
h
e
in
co
r
p
o
r
atio
n
o
f
d
u
al
m
ater
ial
g
a
t
e
in
DM
G
-
GC
-
DOT
MO
SF
E
T
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m
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th
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d
eg
r
ad
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d
u
e
to
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ic
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ield
at
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e
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r
ain
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k
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u
n
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th
e
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r
ce
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eV
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d
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k
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e
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eV)
en
h
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er
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m
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th
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r
r
ier
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an
s
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t
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lt
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g
h
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T
w
it
h
d
u
al
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ate
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s
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o
w
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it
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C
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u
t
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ar
e
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li
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ch
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te
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ep
lace
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s
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ate
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n
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h
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r
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n
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ical
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er
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cin
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at
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r
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I
n
Gr
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ch
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n
n
el,
h
i
g
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d
o
p
in
g
p
r
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f
ile
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n
d
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w
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o
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in
g
p
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o
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ile
at
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h
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d
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ain
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e
n
h
a
n
ce
th
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co
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ce
n
tr
a
tio
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o
f
elec
tr
o
n
o
n
th
e
s
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r
ce
s
id
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d
in
cr
ea
s
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th
e
m
o
b
ilit
y
o
f
ca
r
r
ier
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n
th
e
d
r
ain
s
id
e.
Fro
m
th
e
P
o
is
s
o
n
eq
u
atio
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d
th
e
g
r
ad
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al
ch
a
n
n
el
ap
p
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x
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m
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(
GC
A
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,
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
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ten
t
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l,
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r
esh
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v
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d
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u
b
t
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r
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o
ld
v
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ltag
e
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c
alcu
lated
in
a
s
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m
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n
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er
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n
t
h
is
w
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k
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al
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m
g
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d
d
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u
cta
n
ce
ds
g
[
9
]
.
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
n
ess
o
f
DM
G
-
GC
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T
DC
D
MO
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T
h
as
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e
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n
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
t
h
e
ch
ar
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ter
i
s
tics
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GC
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T
.
T
h
e
ac
cu
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ac
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th
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el
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m
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ar
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tical
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e
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lt
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m
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lated
d
ata
o
b
tain
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u
s
i
n
g
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T
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A
S s
i
m
u
lato
r
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2.
M
O
DE
L
DE
RIVA
T
I
O
N
I
n
th
is
w
o
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k
,
w
e
h
a
v
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d
ev
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ed
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e
m
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co
n
s
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er
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g
all
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
d
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g
in
ee
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i
n
g
,
as
Du
al
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m
etal
Gate
(
DM
G)
[
10
,
1
1
]
Gr
ad
ed
ch
an
n
el
(
G
C
)
an
d
Du
al
O
x
id
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h
ick
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e
s
s
[
1
2
]
w
it
h
t
w
o
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
d
ielec
tr
ic
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n
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ta
n
t
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r
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ate
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ar
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b
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1
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w
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1
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t
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est
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th
e
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el
21
L
L
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an
d
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e
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ic
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t
(
SiO
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e
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est
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ch
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eg
io
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L
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lar
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e
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n
1
ox
t
(
h
ig
h
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k
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in
th
e
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eg
io
n
1
L
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
C
r
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
a
l v
ie
ws o
f
d
ev
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d
esi
g
n
e
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
; (
a)
DM
G
–
GC
–
DOT
,
(
b
)
DM
G
-
GC
-
DOT
T
DC
D
w
it
h
d
if
f
er
en
t p
er
m
itti
v
it
y
o
f
o
x
id
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
9
-
4864
I
n
t J
R
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
,
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l.
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,
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1
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Ma
r
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–
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36
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.
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.
Curre
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(
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ical
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ield
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tter
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h
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V
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[
1
4
]
f
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t
w
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eg
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d
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,
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ate
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p
ac
itan
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o
r
t
w
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io
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o
f
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e
DM
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.
Su
b
s
ti
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g
(
2
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(
4
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in
(
1
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a
n
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ain
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r
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t in
t
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eg
io
n
:
1
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1
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s
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f
t
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V
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L
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(
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lated
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f
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m
o
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el,
an
d
is
ex
p
r
es
s
ed
as:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
R
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2089
-
4864
A
co
mp
a
ct
mo
d
el
o
f tra
n
s
co
n
d
u
cta
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ce
a
n
d
d
r
a
in
co
n
d
u
cta
n
c
e
…
(
Hin
d
Ja
a
fa
r
)
37
ds
ds
m
gs
V
co
n
s
t
dI
g
dV
(
6
)
Usi
n
g
th
e
eq
u
atio
n
s
o
f
d
r
ai
n
c
u
r
r
en
t
(
5
)
a
n
d
(
6
)
th
e
e
x
p
r
ess
io
n
f
o
r
m
g
i
n
t
h
e
li
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ea
r
r
eg
io
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,
is
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as g
i
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m
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t
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i
g
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h
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f
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,
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s
a
t
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BE
2
.
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.
Dra
in co
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a
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ula
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
9
-
4864
I
n
t J
R
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
&
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m
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Sy
s
t
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9
,
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.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
2
0
2
0
:
3
4
–
41
38
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
Usi
n
g
t
h
e
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
an
al
y
t
ic
al
m
o
d
els,
t
h
e
tr
a
n
s
co
n
d
u
ctan
ce
an
d
d
r
ain
co
n
d
u
ctan
ce
o
f
DM
G
-
GC
-
DOT
T
DC
D
MO
SF
E
T
is
ex
am
i
n
ed
in
ter
m
s
o
f
v
ar
iat
io
n
o
f
g
ate
s
o
u
r
ce
an
d
d
r
ain
s
o
u
r
ce
.
T
h
e
g
ate
to
s
o
u
r
ce
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
,
C
gs
an
d
g
ate
to
d
r
ain
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
,
C
gd
ar
e
ca
l
cu
lated
w
it
h
r
esp
ec
t
to
g
ate
t
o
s
o
u
r
ce
v
o
lta
g
e
b
y
A
tla
s
-
3
D
s
i
m
u
lato
r
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
lated
r
e
s
u
l
ts
o
f
DM
G
-
GC
-
DOT
MO
SF
E
T
ar
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
o
t
h
er
d
ev
ices
s
u
c
h
as
DM
G
-
MO
SF
E
T
,
an
d
DM
G
-
DOT
MO
SF
E
T
.
So
h
ig
h
-
k
g
a
te
d
ielec
tr
ic
is
u
s
ed
,
in
th
e
D
M
G
-
GC
-
DOT
T
DC
D,
in
t
h
e
th
in
o
x
id
e
la
y
er
o
n
s
id
e
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
to
r
ep
lace
SiO
2
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
t
h
e
e
f
f
ec
t
iv
e
t
h
ic
k
n
es
s
th
er
eb
y
r
ed
u
c
in
g
g
ate
leak
a
g
e
cu
r
r
en
t,
th
i
s
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
is
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
th
e
D
MG
-
GC
-
DOT
.
T
o
v
er
if
y
th
e
s
e
an
al
y
tica
l
m
o
d
els,
th
e
2
-
D
d
ev
ice
s
i
m
u
lato
r
T
C
AD
is
u
s
ed
to
s
i
m
u
late
t
h
e
d
ev
ic
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
b
et
w
ee
n
tr
an
s
co
n
d
u
ctan
c
e
as
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
g
ate
-
s
o
u
r
ce
v
o
ltag
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
as
co
m
p
u
ted
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
m
o
d
el
D
MG
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GC
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an
d
DM
G
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GC
-
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T
DC
D
w
i
th
1
an
d
2
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
ar
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
th
e
s
i
m
u
lated
r
esu
l
ts
.
T
h
e
t
w
o
ar
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
to
b
e
in
clo
s
e
ag
r
ee
m
en
t
.
T
h
e
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
d
r
ain
co
n
d
u
ctan
ce
h
a
s
b
ee
n
p
lo
tted
ag
ai
n
s
t
d
r
ain
-
s
o
u
r
ce
v
o
lta
g
e
f
o
r
DM
G
-
GC
-
DOT
an
d
1
an
d
2
in
DM
G
-
GC
-
D
OT
T
DC
D
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
s
in
F
i
g
u
r
e
3
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
an
aly
ze
d
th
at
th
e
d
r
ain
co
n
d
u
ctan
ce
i
n
DM
G
-
GC
-
DO
T
T
DC
D
h
ig
h
er
th
a
n
DM
G
-
GC
-
DOT
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e.
Fig
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
w
s
a
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
le
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
tr
an
s
co
n
d
u
cta
n
ce
m
g
as
a
f
u
n
ct
io
n
o
f
th
e
g
ate
-
s
o
u
r
ce
v
o
ltag
e
gs
V
f
o
r
a
lo
w
an
d
a
h
ig
h
v
a
lu
e
o
f
th
e
d
r
ain
v
o
lta
g
e
0
.
0
5
ds
VV
an
d
1
V.
I
t
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
th
e
n
u
m
er
ic
al
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
,
g
o
o
d
ag
r
ee
m
e
n
t i
s
f
o
u
n
d
f
o
r
lo
w
a
n
d
f
o
r
h
i
g
h
d
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ain
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o
lta
g
e.
Fig
u
r
e
5
also
illu
s
tr
ates
t
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e
d
r
ain
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cta
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ce
ds
g
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f
u
n
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tio
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o
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t
h
e
d
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ain
v
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lta
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e
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f
o
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
v
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es
of
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gs
VV
,
1
V
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d
1
.
5
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A
g
o
o
d
ag
r
ee
m
en
t
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etw
ee
n
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al
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tical
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d
s
i
m
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late
d
r
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lts
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alid
ates t
h
e
m
o
d
el.
Fig
u
r
e
6
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
ca
p
ac
itan
c
e
sg
C
an
d
dg
C
as
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
g
ate
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o
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e,
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
t
v
al
u
es
o
f
th
e
d
r
ain
-
s
o
u
r
ce
v
o
lta
g
e.
T
h
e
m
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d
eled
ca
p
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itan
c
e
ch
ar
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ter
is
tics
s
h
o
w
a
s
m
o
o
t
h
tr
an
s
itio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
t o
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er
atin
g
r
eg
i
m
e
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
b
et
w
ee
n
DM
G
-
GC
-
D
OT
an
d
1
an
d
2
in
DM
G
-
GC
-
DOT
T
DC
D
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
f
o
r
tr
an
s
co
n
d
u
cta
n
ce
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
R
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o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
&
E
m
b
ed
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Sy
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t
I
SS
N:
2089
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4864
A
co
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u
cta
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d
r
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in
co
n
d
u
cta
n
c
e
…
(
Hin
d
Ja
a
fa
r
)
39
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
b
et
w
ee
n
DM
G
-
GC
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D
OT
an
d
1
an
d
2
in
DM
G
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GC
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DOT
T
DC
D
s
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u
ctu
r
e
f
o
r
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r
ain
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cta
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ce
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
r
an
s
co
n
d
u
cta
n
ce
v
s
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ate
-
s
o
u
r
ce
v
o
lta
g
e
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
t v
al
u
e
o
f
ds
V
in
DM
G
-
GC
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DOT
T
DC
D
MO
SF
E
T
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
9
-
4864
I
n
t J
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o
n
f
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.
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Ma
r
ch
2
0
2
0
:
3
4
–
41
40
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Dr
ain
co
n
d
u
cta
n
ce
v
s
d
r
ain
-
s
o
u
r
ce
v
o
lta
g
e
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
t
gs
V
in
DM
G
-
GC
-
DOT
T
DC
D
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Dr
ain
to
g
ate
ca
p
ac
it
an
ce
(
c,
d
)
an
d
s
o
u
r
ce
to
g
ate
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
(
a,
b
)
w
ith
r
esp
ec
t
t
o
th
e
g
ate
v
o
lta
g
e,
f
o
r
0
.
1
ds
VV
(
a,
c)
an
d
1
ds
VV
(
b
,
d
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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R
ec
o
n
f
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ab
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b
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4864
A
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n
d
d
r
a
in
co
n
d
u
cta
n
c
e
…
(
Hin
d
Ja
a
fa
r
)
41
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
,
th
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
DM
G
-
GC
-
DOT
T
DC
D
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
ter
m
s
o
f
tr
an
s
co
n
d
u
ctan
ce
,
d
r
ain
co
n
d
u
ctan
ce
a
n
d
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
.
I
t
h
as
b
ee
n
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
at
D
MG
-
GC
-
DOT
T
DC
D
MO
SF
E
T
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
b
etter
i
m
m
u
n
it
y
to
S
C
E
s
a
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
t
o
DM
G
-
GC
-
DOT
MO
SF
E
T
.
I
t
is
a
n
al
y
s
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
f
i
g
u
r
es
t
h
at
th
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
o
f
V
ds
ca
u
s
e
s
th
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
c
o
n
d
u
ctan
ce
,
al
s
o
th
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
th
a
t
th
e
DM
G
-
GC
-
DOT
T
DC
D
MO
SF
E
T
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
p
r
o
v
id
es
g
r
ea
ter
tr
an
s
c
o
n
d
u
ctan
ce
t
h
an
t
h
e
DM
G
-
GC
-
DOT
MO
SF
E
T
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
w
h
en
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
V
gs
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
co
n
c
lu
d
ed
t
h
at
a
v
er
y
s
l
ig
h
t
d
i
f
f
er
en
ce
i
s
o
b
s
er
v
ed
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
t
w
o
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es
DM
G
-
GC
-
DOT
T
DC
D
MO
SF
E
T
an
d
DM
G
-
GC
-
DOT
MO
SF
E
T
f
o
r
s
m
all
v
o
lta
g
es
o
f
V
ds
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e
in
DM
G
-
GC
-
DOT
T
DC
D
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
o
f
Si
O2
1
in
1
ox
t
an
d
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t
o
f
h
ig
h
K
2
in
2
ox
t
lead
s
to
im
p
r
o
v
ed
d
ev
ice
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
b
tai
n
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
m
o
d
els a
g
r
ee
w
ell
w
it
h
o
b
tain
ed
u
s
in
g
d
ev
ice
s
i
m
u
la
to
r
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
N.
A
ro
ra
,
M
OS
FE
T
mo
d
e
ls
fo
r V
L
S
I
c
irc
u
it
simu
la
ti
o
n
:
t
h
e
o
ry
a
n
d
p
ra
c
ti
c
e
,
S
p
rin
g
e
r
-
V
e
rlag
T
e
lo
s
,
1
9
9
3
.
[2
]
J.
Co
li
n
g
e
,
S
il
i
c
o
n
-
on
-
i
n
su
l
a
to
r
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
:
M
a
ter
ia
ls t
o
VL
S
I
,
Kl
u
w
e
r
Ac
a
d
e
m
ic P
u
b
l
ish
e
rs,
3
rd
e
d
i
ti
o
n
,
1
9
9
7
.
[3
]
S
e
m
ico
n
d
u
c
t
o
r
In
d
u
stry
A
s
so
c
iatio
n
(S
IA
),
"
I
T
RS
(In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
Ro
a
d
m
a
p
f
o
r
S
e
m
ico
n
d
u
c
to
rs)
,"
2
0
0
3
e
d
,
A
u
stin
,
T
X
.
In
t
.
S
E
M
A
T
ECH
,
2
0
0
3
.
[
On
l
in
e
]
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
:/
/p
u
b
li
c
.
it
rs.
n
e
t.
[4
]
B.
S
m
a
a
n
i,
"
Estab
li
sh
m
e
n
t
o
f
c
o
m
p
a
c
t
m
o
d
e
ls
o
f
m
u
lt
i
-
n
a
n
o
sc
a
le
M
OS
tran
sist
o
rs
f
o
r
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
i
n
c
ircu
it
d
e
sig
n
(in
F
re
n
c
h
)
,"
Do
c
to
ra
l
th
e
sis
,
Un
i
v
e
rsit
y
F
re
re
sMen
to
u
ri,
Co
n
sta
n
ti
n
e
,
2
0
1
5
.
[5
]
N.
S
in
g
h
,
A
.
Ag
a
r
wa
l,
L
.
K.
B
e
r
a
e
t
a
l
,
"
Hig
h
-
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
F
u
ll
y
De
p
lete
d
S
il
ico
n
Na
n
o
w
ire
(Dia
m
e
ter
≤
5
n
m
)
G
a
t
e
-
A
ll
-
A
ro
u
n
d
CM
OS
De
v
ice
s
,"
IEE
E
El
e
c
tro
n
De
v
ice
L
e
tt
e
rs
,
v
o
l.
2
7
,
p
p
.
8
3
-
8
6
,
2
0
0
6
.
[6
]
H.
A
El
Ha
m
id
.
,
B.
Iñ
íg
u
e
z
a
n
d
J.
R.
G
u
it
a
rt,
"
A
n
a
l
y
ti
c
a
l
M
o
d
e
l
o
f
th
e
T
h
re
sh
o
ld
Vo
lt
a
g
e
a
n
d
S
u
b
th
re
sh
o
l
d
S
w
in
g
o
f
Un
d
o
p
e
d
Cy
li
n
d
rica
l
G
a
t
e
-
A
ll
A
ro
u
n
d
Ba
se
d
M
OSF
E
T
s
,"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
a
c
t.
o
n
El
e
c
tr.
De
v
ic
.
,
v
o
l.
5
4
,
p
p
.
7
2
-
7
9
,
2
0
0
7
.
[7
]
B.
Ra
y
,
a
n
d
S
.
M
a
h
a
p
a
tra,
"
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
a
n
d
A
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
Bo
d
y
P
o
ten
ti
a
l
o
f
C
y
li
n
d
rica
l
G
a
te
-
A
ll
-
A
ro
u
n
d
Na
n
o
w
ire
T
ra
n
sisto
r
,"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
t.
O
n
E
lec
tr.
De
v
ic
.
,
v
o
l.
5
5
,
p
p
.
0
9
-
1
6
,
2
0
0
8
.
[8
]
H.
Bø
rli
,
S
.
K
o
lb
e
rg
,
T
-
A.
F
jeld
ly
e
t
a
l
,
"
P
re
c
ise
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
F
ra
m
e
w
o
rk
f
o
r
S
h
o
rt
-
Ch
a
n
n
e
l
Do
u
b
le
-
G
a
t
e
a
n
d
Ga
te
-
A
ll
-
A
ro
u
n
d
M
OSF
ET
s
,"
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E
T
r
a
n
sa
c
t.
On
E
lec
tr.
De
v
ic.,
v
o
l.
5
5
,
p
p
.
7
8
-
8
6
,
2
0
0
8
.
[9
]
H.
Ja
a
fa
r,
A
.
A
o
u
a
j,
A
.
Bo
u
z
ian
e
,
Be
n
jam
in
Iñ
ig
u
e
z
,
"
A
n
a
l
y
ti
c
a
l
stu
d
y
o
f
d
ra
in
c
u
rre
n
t
a
n
d
tra
n
sc
o
n
d
u
c
tan
c
e
f
o
r
a
n
e
w
c
y
li
n
d
rica
l
g
a
te
M
OSF
ET
stru
c
tu
re
2
0
1
8
,"
4
th
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Op
ti
miza
ti
o
n
a
n
d
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
(
ICOA)
,
Ju
n
.
2
0
1
8
.
[1
0
]
Co
n
g
,
L
i.
,
Y
i
-
Qi,
Z.
,
L
i,
Z
.
,
a
n
d
G
a
n
g
,
J.
,
"
Qu
a
si
-
tw
o
-
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
a
l
t
h
re
sh
o
ld
v
o
l
tag
e
m
o
d
e
l
fo
r
ju
n
c
ti
o
n
les
s
c
y
li
n
d
rica
l
su
rro
u
n
d
i
n
g
g
a
te
m
e
tal
-
o
x
id
e
-
se
m
ico
n
d
u
c
to
r
f
ield
-
e
ff
e
c
t
tran
sisto
r
w
it
h
d
u
a
l
-
m
a
teria
l
g
a
te
,"
Ch
in
e
se
Ph
y
sic
B
,
v
o
l.
2
3
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
1
]
W
u
,
M
.
,
Jin
,
X
.
,
I.
,
H.,
Kw
o
n
,
Ch
u
a
i,
R.
,
L
iu
,
X
.
,
a
n
d
L
e
e
,
J.H.
,
"
Th
e
o
p
ti
m
a
l
d
e
sig
n
o
f
ju
n
c
ti
o
n
les
s tr
a
n
sisto
rs w
it
h
d
o
u
b
le
-
g
a
te
stru
c
tu
re
f
o
r
re
d
u
c
in
g
th
e
e
ff
e
c
t
o
f
b
a
n
d
-
to
-
b
a
n
d
t
u
n
n
e
li
n
g
,"
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
se
mic
o
n
d
u
c
to
rs
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
nd
sc
ien
c
e
,
v
o
l.
1
3
,
p
p
.
2
4
5
-
2
5
1
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
2
]
H.
Ja
a
f
a
r,
A.
A
o
u
a
j,
A
.
Bo
u
z
ia
n
e
,
"
A
n
a
l
y
ti
c
a
l
a
n
d
Nu
m
e
ric
a
l
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
o
f
V
th
a
n
d
S
f
o
r
n
e
w
C
G
M
OSF
ET
S
tru
c
tu
re
,"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
In
fo
rm
a
t
io
n
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
s
,
v
o
l
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
1
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
3
]
P
.
S
.
Dh
a
n
a
se
lv
a
m
,
a
n
d
N.
B.
Ba
la
m
u
ru
g
a
n
,
"
A
n
a
l
y
ti
c
a
l
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
o
f
a
n
a
n
o
sc
a
le
tri
p
le
-
m
a
t
e
rial
s
u
rro
u
n
d
in
g
g
a
te
(T
M
S
G
)
M
OSF
ET
s
f
o
r
re
d
u
c
e
d
s
h
o
rt
-
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
e
f
f
e
c
ts
,"
M
ic
ro
e
lec
t.
J
.
,
v
o
l.
4
4
,
p
p
.
4
0
0
-
4
0
4
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
4
]
H.
Ja
a
f
a
r
,
A.
A
o
u
a
j,
A
.
Bo
u
z
ian
e
,
"
A
n
a
l
y
ti
c
a
l
M
o
d
e
l
o
f
T
h
e
T
h
re
sh
o
ld
V
o
l
tag
e
V
th
,
S
u
b
t
h
re
sh
o
ld
S
w
in
g
a
n
d
Dra
in
In
d
u
c
e
d
Ba
rrier
L
o
w
e
rin
g
(DI
BL
)
F
o
r
a
n
e
w
De
v
ice
S
tru
c
tu
re
o
f
C
y
li
n
d
rica
l
G
a
te
M
OSF
ET
,"
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
T
h
e
o
re
ti
c
a
l
a
n
d
A
p
p
li
e
d
I
n
fo
rm
a
t
io
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
v
o
l.
9
5
,
p
p
.
1
3
5
5
-
1
3
6
2
,
2
0
1
7
.
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