I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
Rec
o
nfig
ura
ble a
nd
E
m
bedd
e
d Sy
s
t
em
s
(
I
J
RE
S)
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
3
,
No
v
em
b
er
2
0
2
0
,
p
p
.
229
~
234
I
SS
N
: 2
0
8
9
-
4
8
6
4
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/ij
r
es
.
v
9
.i
3
.
p
p
229
-
2
3
4
229
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ij
r
es.ia
esco
r
e.
co
m
Autom
a
ted
sm
a
r
t
car pa
rking
sy
ste
m using
ras
pberr
y
P
i 4 a
nd
iO
S app
li
ca
tion
Ra
hm
a
n At
iqu
r
1
,
Yun L
i
2
1,
2
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
C
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
Ch
o
n
g
q
i
n
g
Un
i
v
e
rsity
o
f
P
o
sts a
n
d
Tele
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s,
P
.
R.
C
h
i
n
a
1
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
E
n
g
in
e
e
ri
n
g
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
,
Un
i
v
e
rsity
o
f
C
h
i
tt
a
g
o
n
g
,
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Ba
n
g
lad
e
sh
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
S
T
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
J
ul
11
,
2
0
20
R
ev
is
ed
Au
g
8
,
2
0
20
Acc
ep
ted
Sep
1
4
,
2
0
20
In
i
n
terc
o
n
n
e
c
ti
o
n
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
u
teriz
a
ti
o
n
o
f
d
iffere
n
t
p
h
y
sic
a
l
g
a
d
g
e
ts,
v
e
h
icle
s,
h
o
m
e
m
a
c
h
in
e
s
a
n
d
d
i
ffe
re
n
t
th
in
g
s,
t
h
e
i
n
tern
e
t
o
f
th
in
g
s
(Io
T)
in
n
o
v
a
ti
o
n
p
lay
s
a
c
rit
ica
l
ro
le.
T
h
e
se
o
b
jec
ts
a
ss
o
c
iate
a
n
d
trad
e
in
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
with
t
h
e
a
ss
istan
c
e
o
f
s/w,
d
if
fe
re
n
t
se
n
so
rs,
a
n
d
a
c
tu
a
to
rs.
A
h
u
m
a
n
'
s
sta
n
d
a
rd
o
f
li
fe
a
n
d
m
e
th
o
d
o
f
li
v
in
g
is
imp
r
o
v
e
d
wi
th
th
is
c
o
m
p
u
teriz
a
ti
o
n
o
f
g
a
d
g
e
ts,
wh
ich
is
a
fo
rth
c
o
m
in
g
n
e
e
d
.
In
th
i
s
p
a
p
e
r
we
talk
e
d
a
b
o
u
t
a
c
o
m
p
a
ra
b
le
re
q
u
irem
e
n
t
f
o
r
in
st
a
n
c
e
,
a
sm
a
rt
c
a
r
p
a
rk
i
n
g
fe
a
tu
re
s
wh
ich
e
m
p
o
we
rs
a
c
li
e
n
t
o
f
d
isc
o
v
e
r
a
p
a
rk
in
g
a
re
a
a
n
d
a
fre
e
slo
t
in
th
a
t
p
a
rk
in
g
sp
o
t
in
si
d
e
a
c
it
y
li
k
e
Dh
a
k
a
c
it
y
in
Ba
n
g
lad
e
sh
.
T
h
is
p
a
p
e
r
c
e
n
t
e
rs
a
ro
u
n
d
les
se
n
in
g
ti
m
e
sq
u
a
n
d
e
re
d
o
n
d
isc
o
v
e
rin
g
p
a
rk
i
n
g
sp
o
t
c
lo
se
b
y
a
n
d
c
o
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
t
h
ro
u
g
h
t
h
e
fil
led
p
a
r
k
in
g
slo
ts
.
Th
is
in
w
h
irl
d
imin
ish
e
s
th
e
fu
e
l
u
ti
li
z
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
wa
y
o
f
l
ife.
Wi
t
h
t
h
e
e
x
p
o
n
e
n
ti
a
l
in
c
re
m
e
n
t
in
t
h
e
q
u
a
n
ti
t
y
o
f
v
e
h
icle
s
a
n
d
t
o
tal
p
o
p
u
lac
e
ste
p
b
y
ste
p
,
v
e
h
icle
a
c
c
e
ss
ib
il
it
y
a
n
d
u
se
o
u
t
a
n
d
a
b
o
u
t
a
s
o
f
late
,
fi
n
d
i
n
g
a
sp
a
c
e
fo
r
p
a
r
k
in
g
t
h
e
v
e
h
icle
is
t
u
rn
i
n
g
o
u
t
to
b
e
in
c
re
a
sin
g
l
y
m
o
re
tr
o
u
b
le
so
m
e
with
b
r
in
g
in
g
a
b
o
u
t
th
e
q
u
a
n
ti
t
y
o
f
c
o
n
ten
ti
o
n
s,
f
o
r
e
x
a
m
p
le,
a
u
t
o
m
o
b
il
e
o
v
e
rl
o
a
d
s.
Th
is
is
t
ied
i
n
w
it
h
m
a
k
i
n
g
a
d
e
p
e
n
d
a
b
le
fra
m
e
wo
rk
th
a
t
a
ss
u
m
e
s
c
o
n
tro
l
o
v
e
r
th
e
u
n
d
e
r
tak
in
g
o
f
re
c
o
g
n
izin
g
fre
e
slo
ts
in
a
p
a
rk
i
n
g
z
o
n
e
a
n
d
k
e
e
p
in
g
th
e
re
c
o
rd
o
f
v
e
h
icle
s
left
e
x
trem
e
ly
m
e
th
o
d
ica
l
wa
y
.
Th
e
fo
re
se
e
n
fra
m
e
wo
rk
d
e
c
re
a
se
s
h
u
m
a
n
e
x
e
rti
o
n
a
t
t
h
e
p
a
rk
i
n
g
re
g
io
n
g
e
n
e
ra
ll
y
,
fo
r
e
x
a
m
p
le,
in
th
e
e
v
e
n
t
o
f
lo
o
k
i
n
g
o
f
fre
e
sl
o
ts
b
y
t
h
e
d
riv
e
r
a
n
d
fig
u
ri
n
g
t
h
e
i
n
sta
ll
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
e
v
e
ry
v
e
h
icle
u
ti
li
z
i
n
g
p
a
rk
i
n
g
a
re
a
.
Th
e
d
iffer
e
n
t
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
s
e
n
g
a
g
e
d
wit
h
t
h
is
p
r
o
c
e
d
u
re
a
re
v
e
h
icle
d
isti
n
g
u
ish
i
n
g
p
r
o
o
f
u
ti
li
z
in
g
RF
ID
la
b
e
ls;
fr
e
e
sp
a
c
e
d
isc
o
v
e
rin
g
u
ti
li
z
i
n
g
Ul
tras
o
n
ic
se
n
so
rs
a
n
d
in
sta
ll
m
e
n
t
c
o
u
n
t
is
d
o
n
e
b
a
se
d
o
n
ti
m
e
o
f
p
a
rk
in
g
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
I
o
T
LED
Po
wer
s
u
p
p
ly
R
FID
Ultr
aso
n
ic
s
en
s
o
r
W
I
FI
m
o
d
u
le
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
R
ah
m
an
Atiq
u
r
,
Sch
o
o
l o
f
I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
C
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
C
h
o
n
g
q
in
g
Un
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
Po
s
ts
an
d
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
,
2
C
h
o
n
g
wen
R
d
,
Hu
an
g
j
u
ey
a,
Nan
'
an
Dis
tr
ict,
C
h
o
n
g
q
in
g
,
4
0
0
0
6
5
,
P.
R.
C
h
in
a.
E
m
ail: b
u
lb
u
l.c
s
e.
cu
@
g
m
ail.
c
o
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Ar
r
ay
o
f
ev
en
ts
tu
r
n
u
p
wh
en
we
v
is
it
d
iv
er
s
e
o
p
en
s
p
o
ts
li
k
e
m
u
ltip
le
x
f
ilm
lo
b
b
ies,
5
-
s
tar
an
d
7
-
s
tar
lo
d
g
in
g
s
,
s
h
o
p
p
in
g
ce
n
ter
s
,
an
d
s
o
o
n
.
T
h
e
in
tr
icac
y
we
m
ee
t
at
th
ese
s
p
o
ts
is
f
in
d
in
g
th
e
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
p
ar
k
in
g
s
p
o
t.
Mo
s
t
ex
tr
e
m
e
o
cc
asio
n
s
we
h
av
e
to
cr
o
s
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
v
ar
i
o
u
s
p
a
r
k
in
g
o
p
en
in
g
s
to
lo
ca
te
a
f
r
ee
s
p
ac
e
f
o
r
p
ar
k
in
g
.
T
h
e
s
itu
atio
n
g
ets
d
r
ea
r
ier
an
d
ted
io
u
s
if
th
e
p
ar
k
in
g
is
m
u
lti
-
p
u
t
awa
y
.
T
h
is
co
n
d
itio
n
r
eq
u
ir
es
th
e
r
e
q
u
ir
em
e
n
t
f
o
r
a
r
o
b
o
tized
p
ar
k
in
g
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
th
at
n
o
t
ju
s
t
h
o
ld
s
th
e
m
an
u
a
l
in
clu
s
io
n
to
a
least
y
et
in
ad
d
itio
n
d
ir
ec
ts
p
ar
k
in
g
in
a
g
iv
en
s
p
o
t.
Ou
r
f
o
r
eseen
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
tells
an
Au
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
v
eh
icle
leav
in
g
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
20
89
-
4
8
6
4
I
n
t J Reco
n
f
ig
u
r
a
b
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
3
,
No
v
e
m
b
er
2
0
2
0
:
229
–
2
3
4
230
th
at
co
n
tr
o
ls
th
e
q
u
an
tity
o
f
v
eh
icles
th
at
ca
n
b
e
lef
t
in
a
g
iv
en
s
p
ac
e
at
s
o
m
e
r
an
d
o
m
tim
e
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t
o
n
th
e
p
ar
k
i
n
g
s
p
o
t
a
v
ailab
ilit
y
.
At
th
e
p
ass
ag
ewa
y
p
o
in
t,
a
v
eh
icle
will
b
e
h
alted
at
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
d
o
o
r
a
n
d
th
e
d
r
iv
er
d
e
-
s
h
ee
ts
th
e
v
eh
i
cle.
Utilizin
g
th
e
iOS
ap
p
licatio
n
o
n
h
is
iOS
ap
p
ar
atu
s
,
th
e
clien
t
ca
n
ch
ec
k
th
e
s
tatu
s
o
f
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
p
ar
k
in
g
s
p
ac
es.
T
h
e
clien
t
ar
r
an
g
es
th
e
v
eh
icle
to
g
et
lef
t
to
th
e
n
am
ed
o
p
en
in
g
,
if
th
e
av
ailab
ilit
y
o
f
p
ar
k
in
g
s
p
o
t
is
s
et.
T
h
e
v
eh
icle
f
o
llo
ws
its
p
ath
to
th
e
s
ec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
p
ar
k
in
g
s
p
ac
e.
Her
e,
it
s
its
tig
h
t
an
d
t
h
e
s
u
b
tleties
o
b
lig
ato
r
y
f
o
r
leav
i
n
g
o
f
v
e
h
icle
at
th
e
co
r
r
ec
t
o
p
e
n
in
g
a
r
e
co
n
v
ey
ed
to
th
e
C
ar
C
o
n
tr
o
l
Un
it.
I
n
th
e
wa
k
e
o
f
g
ettin
g
th
e
d
ata,
t
h
e
v
eh
icle
will
ad
d
itio
n
ally
f
o
llo
w
its
way
to
f
r
ee
p
a
r
k
in
g
s
p
ac
e.
On
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
p
a
r
k
in
g
,
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
n
th
e
L
E
D
will
b
e
r
ef
r
esh
ed
b
y
p
lan
.
F
o
r
s
alv
ag
e
r
ea
s
o
n
,
th
e
clien
t
o
r
d
er
s
"Un
-
p
ar
k
",
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
iOS
Ap
p
licatio
n
.
Su
b
s
eq
u
en
t
to
ac
ce
p
tin
g
o
f
th
is
SM
S,
th
e
v
eh
icle
s
tar
ts
to
f
o
llo
w
b
ac
k
th
e
p
ath
t
o
th
e
p
ass
ag
e,
wh
er
e
th
e
v
eh
i
cle
d
r
iv
er
is
p
au
s
in
g
.
I
n
th
is
way
,
th
is
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
en
d
s
u
p
b
ein
g
co
n
v
en
ien
t
wi
th
th
e
en
d
g
o
al
o
f
th
e
v
e
h
icle
le
av
in
g
co
m
p
u
ter
izatio
n
an
d
alo
n
g
th
ese
lin
es
d
im
in
is
h
es
th
e
v
eh
icle
d
r
iv
er
'
s
tim
e,
as
th
e
lo
o
k
in
g
o
f
th
e
f
r
ee
p
ar
k
in
g
s
p
o
t
is
tak
en
ca
r
e
o
f
b
y
th
e
Par
k
in
g
C
o
n
tr
o
l
Un
it.
T
h
er
e
is
a
to
n
o
f
f
u
el
an
d
tim
e
s
q
u
an
d
er
ed
b
y
en
d
less
s
u
b
u
r
b
an
ites
to
d
i
s
co
v
er
f
o
r
a
s
p
o
t
f
o
r
p
ar
k
in
g
.
T
h
is
tu
r
n
ed
i
n
to
o
u
r
k
ey
in
s
p
ir
atio
n
to
b
u
ild
u
p
a
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
wer
e
s
u
b
u
r
b
a
n
ites
ca
n
g
et
p
ar
k
i
n
g
d
ata
o
n
f
in
g
er
tip
s
,
s
in
ce
tim
e
s
p
a
r
ed
is
tim
e
ea
r
n
e
d
.
R
ad
io
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
id
en
tific
atio
n
(
R
FID
)
is
an
ex
tr
em
el
y
co
n
v
en
ie
n
t
in
n
o
v
atio
n
in
co
m
p
u
ter
izati
o
n
o
f
v
e
h
icle
leav
in
g
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
in
a
s
h
o
p
p
in
g
ce
n
ter
o
r
b
u
ild
in
g
.
I
t
will
b
y
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
d
ed
u
ct
th
e
s
u
m
f
r
o
m
th
e
R
FID
ta
g
o
f
v
eh
icle
h
o
ld
e
r
an
d
o
p
en
th
e
en
tr
y
way
f
o
r
leav
in
g
an
d
au
g
m
en
tatio
n
th
e
co
u
n
ter
o
f
leav
i
n
g
.
T
h
er
e
is
n
o
s
itti
n
g
tig
h
t
f
o
r
m
a
n
u
al
p
r
ep
ar
in
g
o
f
th
e
r
ec
eip
ts
th
ey
ca
n
p
ay
eith
er
o
n
th
e
web
o
r
d
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
t o
n
th
e
clien
t p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
s
.
R
o
ad
Ma
p
:
I
n
Sectio
n
2
W
e
talk
ab
o
u
t
th
e
im
p
lem
e
n
ta
tio
n
an
d
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
o
f
ex
is
tin
g
an
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
.
Sectio
n
3
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
r
esear
ch
m
eth
o
d
o
f
s
m
ar
t
ca
r
p
ar
k
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Sectio
n
4
g
iv
es
o
u
r
r
esu
lts
an
d
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
Sectio
n
5
c
o
n
clu
d
es
th
e
p
a
p
er
a
n
d
also
s
ay
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e
s
co
p
e
o
f
th
is
wo
r
k
s
.
2.
I
M
P
L
E
M
E
NT
A
T
I
O
N
A
ND
M
E
T
H
O
DO
L
O
G
Y
Me
th
o
d
o
lo
g
y
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
o
r
d
er
ly
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
ac
c
o
m
p
lis
h
wo
r
k
.
I
t
is
r
u
n
o
f
th
e
m
ill
s
tr
ateg
y
f
o
r
p
o
r
tr
ay
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
h
o
w
it
is
d
o
n
e
in
least
co
m
p
lex
w
ay
.
C
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
co
m
p
r
is
es
o
f
u
s
e
o
f
lo
g
ical
h
y
p
o
th
esis
,
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
d
ata,
an
d
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
f
o
r
a
d
v
an
ce
m
e
n
t
o
f
n
o
v
el
f
r
am
e
wo
r
k
to
d
o
c
o
r
r
ec
t
o
cc
u
p
atio
n
in
p
ar
k
in
g
[
1
]
.
2
.
1
.
E
x
is
t
ing
s
y
s
t
em
I
n
B
an
g
lad
esh
in
d
iv
id
u
als
ar
e
co
n
f
r
o
n
tin
g
an
is
s
u
e
in
lea
v
in
g
th
eir
v
eh
icles
lik
e
v
eh
icles,
b
ik
es,
an
d
s
o
o
n
in
a
co
u
p
le
o
f
d
ay
s
ag
o
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
ex
is
tin
g
f
o
r
leav
in
g
h
o
wev
er
th
ey
h
av
e
a
f
ew
m
er
its
ju
s
t
as
d
em
er
its
.
On
e
o
f
th
e
s
tr
ateg
y
f
o
r
s
h
r
ew
d
leav
in
g
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
d
e
p
en
d
s
o
n
p
ictu
r
e
h
a
n
d
lin
g
m
eth
o
d
wh
ic
h
is
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ex
p
en
s
e
an
d
th
e
clien
t
n
ee
d
s
to
s
ca
n
ev
e
r
y
s
in
g
le
o
p
en
in
g
f
o
r
th
e
f
r
ee
s
p
ac
e
[2
-
6]
.
A
f
ew
tech
n
iq
u
es
u
tili
z
e
th
e
ca
m
er
a
w
h
ich
will
g
et
h
ar
m
in
t
h
e
s
to
r
m
y
s
ea
s
o
n
s
.
W
h
ile
s
ca
n
n
in
g
f
o
r
th
e
f
r
ee
o
p
en
in
g
s
in
th
e
s
to
p
p
in
g
r
eg
io
n
p
ar
t
o
f
tim
e
will
b
e
s
q
u
an
d
er
ed
.
I
n
th
is
way
,
th
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
is
ted
io
u
s
.
T
h
e
clien
ts
n
ee
d
to
r
em
ain
in
a
lin
e
f
o
r
tak
i
n
g
ca
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
tab
s
wh
ich
r
esu
lts
ar
e
b
u
r
n
in
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
h
ea
p
s
o
f
tim
e.
2
.
2
.
P
r
o
po
s
ed
s
y
s
t
em
I
n
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
,
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
we
ar
e
u
tili
zin
g
t
h
e
R
FID
r
ea
d
er
tag
s
an
d
d
if
f
er
en
t
p
ar
ts
wh
ich
m
ak
es
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
b
asic
an
d
u
s
ef
u
l.
T
h
e
clien
ts
ar
e
to
ld
with
th
e
f
r
ee
o
p
en
in
g
s
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
in
th
e
s
to
p
p
in
g
ter
r
ito
r
y
with
t
h
e
ass
is
tan
ce
o
f
th
is
f
r
am
e
wo
r
k
.
So
,
th
ey
ca
n
leg
itima
tely
g
o
to
th
e
f
r
ee
o
p
en
in
g
s
with
o
u
t
b
u
r
n
in
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
ei
r
tim
e
lo
o
k
in
g
with
th
e
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
o
f
co
m
p
lim
en
tar
y
s
p
ac
es
[7
-
9]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Reco
n
f
ig
u
r
a
b
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2089
-
4
8
6
4
A
u
to
ma
ted
s
ma
r
t c
a
r
p
a
r
kin
g
s
ystem
u
s
in
g
r
a
s
p
b
err
y
P
i 4
a
n
d
iOS
a
p
p
lica
tio
n
(
R
a
h
ma
n
A
tiq
u
r
)
231
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
B
lo
ck
d
iag
ar
am
o
f
s
m
ar
t
p
ar
k
i
n
g
s
y
s
tem
(
SP
S)
u
s
in
g
r
asp
b
e
r
r
y
Pi 4
I
n
lig
h
t
o
f
th
is
th
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
is
n
'
t
ted
io
u
s
if
th
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
is
u
tili
ze
d
in
5
-
s
tar
lo
d
g
in
g
s
t
h
e
clien
ts
ca
n
in
v
est
m
o
r
e
en
er
g
y
in
th
e
in
n
s
th
an
in
th
e
s
to
p
p
in
g
r
e
g
io
n
[
1
0
]
.
Her
e
we
ar
e
n
o
t
u
t
ilizin
g
th
e
ca
m
er
as
r
ath
er
th
a
n
ca
m
er
as
we
a
r
e
u
t
ilizin
g
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
s
to
k
n
o
w
t
h
e
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
f
r
ee
s
p
ac
es.
I
n
th
is
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
th
er
e
is
n
o
a
n
y
h
a
r
m
b
y
th
e
cl
im
ate
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
r
o
th
e
r
s
.
T
h
e
p
ass
ag
e
an
d
leav
e
tim
e
is
n
o
ted
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
n
th
e
web
an
d
th
e
b
ill
is
s
en
t
to
th
e
clien
t
.
C
lien
t
ca
n
tak
e
ca
r
e
o
f
tab
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
n
th
e
web
o
r
b
y
h
an
d
d
ep
e
n
d
en
t
o
n
th
eir
co
n
v
en
ien
c
e.
T
h
e
s
q
u
ar
e
g
r
ap
h
s
h
o
ws
th
e
p
ar
ts
th
at
ar
e
u
tili
ze
d
in
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
.
T
h
e
R
asp
b
er
r
y
Pi
4
[1
1
]
is
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
p
ar
t
wh
ich
is
u
tili
ze
d
to
ass
o
ciate
th
e
ev
er
y
s
in
g
le
o
th
er
s
eg
m
en
t,
f
o
r
ex
am
p
le,
Ultr
aso
n
ic
s
en
s
o
r
s
,
R
FID
,
L
E
D,
W
I
FI
m
o
d
u
le,
P
o
wer
f
lex
i
b
ly
.
An
u
ltra
s
o
n
ic
s
en
s
o
r
is
ess
en
tially
an
elec
tr
o
n
ic
g
ad
g
et
wh
ich
is
u
tili
ze
d
to
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
th
e
n
ea
r
n
ess
o
f
o
b
jects.
Ultr
aso
n
ic
s
en
s
o
r
s
ar
e
u
tili
ze
d
f
o
r
th
e
f
r
ee
s
p
ac
e
d
is
co
v
er
y
th
at
ar
e
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
in
th
e
s
to
p
p
in
g
r
eg
io
n
wh
ich
is
s
u
f
f
icien
tly
q
u
ick
.
R
FID
r
ea
d
er
m
o
d
u
le
is
a
g
ad
g
et
wh
ich
s
we
ep
s
an
d
ass
em
b
les
th
e
d
ata
f
r
o
m
th
e
R
FID
C
ar
d
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
is
ca
r
d
ca
n
b
e
u
tili
ze
d
to
f
o
llo
w
o
b
jects.
As
th
e
v
eh
i
cle
en
ter
s
th
e
leav
in
g
ter
r
ito
r
y
,
th
e
clien
t
ch
ec
k
s
th
e
R
FID
ca
r
d
an
d
all
th
e
d
ata
p
u
t
awa
y
in
ca
r
d
is
m
o
v
e
d
to
th
e
ad
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
is
m
o
d
u
le
[
1
3
]
.
Dr
iv
e
n
is
u
tili
ze
d
f
o
r
th
e
s
h
o
wca
s
e
o
f
th
e
f
r
ee
o
p
en
i
n
g
s
.
T
h
e
clie
n
ts
ca
n
r
ea
d
y
to
s
ee
th
e
L
E
D
i
s
th
ey
ca
n
co
n
tin
u
e
with
th
e
o
n
lin
e
d
ata
th
r
o
u
g
h
W
I
FI
m
o
d
u
le
[
1
4
]
.
W
I
FI
m
o
d
u
le
is
u
tili
ze
d
f
o
r
th
e
c
o
r
r
es
p
o
n
d
e
n
ce
b
etwe
e
n
th
e
p
r
o
p
r
i
eto
r
o
f
th
e
s
to
p
p
in
g
ter
r
ito
r
y
an
d
th
e
clien
t.
Fo
r
ce
g
r
ac
ef
u
lly
t
u
r
n
s
o
n
th
e
R
asp
b
er
r
y
Pi
4
g
ad
g
et
i
n
th
ese
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
s
[
1
5
,
1
6
]
.
B
elo
w
ar
e
th
e
s
tep
s
th
at
a
d
r
iv
er
n
ee
d
s
to
f
o
llo
w
in
o
r
d
er
t
o
p
ar
k
its
ca
r
u
s
in
g
o
u
r
iOS Ap
p
licatio
n
:
−
Step
1
: M
o
u
n
t th
e
s
av
v
y
s
to
p
p
in
g
ap
p
licatio
n
o
n
y
o
u
r
iOS g
ad
g
et.
−
Step
2
: Wi
th
th
e
ass
is
tan
ce
o
f
th
is
ap
p
licatio
n
ch
ase
f
o
r
a
s
to
p
p
in
g
ter
r
ito
r
y
cl
o
s
e
b
y
y
o
u
r
e
n
d
.
−
Step
3
: Pick
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
p
ar
k
i
n
g
s
p
ac
e.
−
Step
4
: Su
r
f
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
t sto
p
p
in
g
o
p
en
i
n
g
s
av
ailab
l
e
in
th
at
p
ar
k
in
g
s
p
ac
e.
−
Step
5
: Pick
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
s
to
p
p
in
g
o
p
en
i
n
g
.
−
Step
6
: Pick
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
o
f
ti
m
e
(
in
h
o
u
r
s
)
f
o
r
wh
ich
y
o
u
m
ig
h
t w
an
t to
l
ea
v
e
y
o
u
r
v
eh
icl
e
f
o
r
.
−
Step
7
: Pay
th
e
s
to
p
p
in
g
ac
cu
s
es b
o
th
o
f
y
o
u
r
e
-
wallet
o
r
y
o
u
r
Ma
s
ter
ca
r
d
an
d
b
y
h
an
d
.
−
Step
8
:
On
ce
y
o
u
h
av
e
v
iab
ly
lef
t
y
o
u
r
v
eh
icle
in
th
e
c
h
o
s
e
leav
in
g
o
p
en
i
n
g
,
af
f
ir
m
y
o
u
r
in
h
ab
itan
c
e
u
tili
zin
g
th
e
iOS a
p
p
licatio
n
.
T
h
e
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
ly
m
en
tio
n
ed
s
tr
a
teg
y
f
o
r
b
o
o
k
in
g
a
s
p
ac
e
a
n
d
l
ea
v
in
g
a
v
e
h
icle
in
th
at
v
er
y
o
p
en
in
g
is
clar
if
ied
with
th
e
ass
is
tan
ce
o
f
th
e
ac
co
m
p
a
n
y
in
g
s
cr
ee
n
ca
p
t
u
r
es [
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
F
ig
u
r
e
2
d
elin
ea
tes
t
h
e
n
e
ar
n
ess
o
f
em
p
ty
an
d
in
v
o
lv
ed
s
to
p
p
in
g
o
p
e
n
in
g
s
with
th
e
as
s
is
tan
ce
o
f
r
ed
a
n
d
g
r
ee
n
s
h
ad
in
g
.
Fo
r
t
h
is
s
itu
atio
n
s
to
p
p
in
g
o
p
en
in
g
s
n
am
ed
A1
an
d
A3
ar
e
em
p
ty
wh
ile
s
p
ac
e
A2
is
po
s
s
ess
es.
T
h
e
d
r
iv
er
p
ic
k
s
th
e
A1
s
to
p
p
in
g
s
p
ac
e
an
d
th
e
Fig
u
r
e
3
d
elin
ea
tes
th
e
s
itu
atio
n
wh
en
a
d
r
i
v
er
n
ee
d
s
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
o
f
tim
e
f
o
r
wh
ich
it
n
ee
d
s
th
e
ch
o
s
e
s
to
p
p
in
g
o
p
en
in
g
.
Fo
r
th
is
s
i
tu
atio
n
th
e
d
r
iv
er
ch
o
o
s
es
th
e
1
h
o
u
r
ch
o
ice
an
d
On
ce
th
e
d
r
iv
e
r
h
a
s
lef
t
its
v
eh
icle
in
th
e
ch
o
s
e
o
p
en
in
g
it
n
ee
d
s
to
af
f
ir
m
its
in
h
ab
itan
ce
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
d
elin
ea
tes
th
is
v
er
y
s
itu
atio
n
wh
er
ein
th
e
d
r
i
v
er
n
ee
d
s
to
d
eter
m
in
e
its
ess
en
ce
.
T
h
is
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
is
in
clu
d
ed
with
t
h
e
g
o
al
th
at
s
o
lit
ar
y
an
au
th
e
n
tic
d
r
iv
e
r
c
an
le
av
e
its
v
eh
icle
in
a
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
20
89
-
4
8
6
4
I
n
t J Reco
n
f
ig
u
r
a
b
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
3
,
No
v
e
m
b
er
2
0
2
0
:
229
–
2
3
4
232
s
p
ec
if
ic
leav
in
g
o
p
e
n
in
g
.
On
th
e
o
f
f
c
h
an
ce
th
at
a
d
r
iv
er
n
eg
lects
to
af
f
ir
m
h
is
in
h
a
b
itan
ce
in
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
6
0
s
ec
o
n
d
s
o
f
leav
in
g
its
v
eh
icle,
an
aler
t
wo
u
ld
b
eg
in
r
in
g
in
g
m
ak
in
g
th
e
s
p
ec
ialis
ts
r
e
alize
th
at
a
v
eh
icle
h
as
b
ee
n
l
ef
t
in
an
in
ap
p
r
o
p
r
i
ate
s
p
o
t.
On
th
e
o
f
f
ch
a
n
ce
th
at
b
y
an
y
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
a
ce
r
tifia
b
le
d
r
iv
er
co
m
es
u
p
s
h
o
r
t d
o
s
o
h
e
ca
n
s
to
p
th
e
ale
r
t w
h
en
ev
er
b
y
a
f
f
ir
m
in
g
h
is
i
n
h
ab
itan
ce
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
B
o
o
k
in
g
a
p
ar
k
i
n
g
s
lo
t
Fig
u
r
e
3.
Selectin
g
th
e
am
o
u
n
t o
f
tim
e
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Occ
u
p
an
cy
ch
ec
k
I
n
th
e
ev
e
n
t
th
at
th
e
d
r
iv
e
r
o
v
er
s
h
o
o
ts
its
s
to
p
p
in
g
tim
e,
a
war
n
in
g
ex
p
r
ess
in
g
th
is
s
itu
atio
n
wo
u
ld
b
e
s
en
t
to
th
e
d
r
iv
er
ju
s
t
as
t
o
th
e
s
to
p
p
in
g
o
r
d
er
ly
.
T
h
e
d
r
iv
er
wo
u
ld
th
e
n
h
av
e
a
ch
o
i
ce
o
f
b
r
o
a
d
en
in
g
its
s
to
p
p
in
g
tim
e
an
d
p
a
y
in
lik
e
m
an
n
er
f
o
r
t
h
e
ad
d
itio
n
al
tim
e.
I
n
th
e
ev
en
t
th
at
t
h
e
d
r
iv
er
n
eg
lects
to
d
o
as
s
u
ch
,
th
e
s
to
p
p
in
g
ch
a
p
er
o
n
wo
u
ld
m
a
k
e
a
n
o
te
o
f
th
is
an
d
ch
ar
g
e
ca
s
h
f
o
r
th
e
ad
d
itio
n
al
tim
e
in
ty
p
e
o
f
a
f
in
e.
T
h
is
f
in
e
w
o
u
ld
b
e
g
ath
e
r
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
d
r
iv
er
w
h
en
th
e
v
eh
icle
wo
u
ld
leav
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
le
av
in
g
r
e
g
io
n
.
3.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
At
p
r
esen
t
th
er
e
h
as b
ee
n
a
f
a
b
u
lo
u
s
in
c
r
em
en
t
in
th
e
p
o
p
u
l
ac
e.
W
h
er
e
th
e
r
e
is
a
s
well
in
in
d
iv
id
u
als
co
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
th
e
r
e
is
g
r
o
win
g
in
th
e
v
eh
icle
tak
in
g
ca
r
e
o
f
.
I
n
s
u
ch
ca
s
es
th
er
e
is
an
in
ter
est
f
o
r
v
eh
icle
p
ar
k
in
g
an
d
it'
s
an
em
er
g
e
n
c
y
in
n
u
m
e
r
o
u
s
s
p
ac
es.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
m
a
n
y
p
ar
k
i
n
g
r
eg
io
n
s
to
b
e
h
ad
in
w
h
ich
th
e
clien
ts
n
ee
d
to
ch
ase
f
o
r
th
e
f
r
ee
o
p
en
in
g
to
p
ar
k
th
eir
v
eh
icles.
Fo
r
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
ar
t,
th
ese
ar
e
tim
e
o
v
er
p
o
wer
in
g
p
r
ac
tice
an
d
th
e
clien
t
m
a
y
g
et
an
n
o
y
a
n
ce
w
h
ile
test
in
g
f
o
r
t
h
e
s
p
ac
es.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
p
r
esen
ts
a
s
im
p
le
an
d
v
alu
ab
le
p
lan
f
o
r
p
ar
k
in
g
th
e
v
eh
icles,
f
o
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
ca
r
s
,
b
ik
es
a
n
d
s
o
o
n
.
I
n
th
is
p
a
p
er
,
we
ar
e
u
tili
zin
g
Ultr
aso
n
ic
s
en
s
o
r
s
t
o
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
th
e
f
r
ee
s
p
ac
es
a
cc
ess
ib
le
in
th
e
p
ar
k
in
g
ar
ea
.
T
h
is
d
ata
is
d
ir
ec
t
s
p
o
k
en
with
th
e
clien
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
W
I
-
FI
m
o
d
u
le
o
r
th
ey
ca
n
s
ee
th
e
d
ata
in
th
e
L
E
D
wh
ich
is
s
itu
ated
in
th
e
p
ar
k
in
g
g
a
r
ag
e.
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
f
r
ee
s
p
ac
es
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
is
d
o
n
e
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
u
ltra
s
o
n
ic
s
en
s
o
r
s
an
d
th
is
d
ata
is
s
en
d
to
th
e
p
r
o
p
r
ieto
r
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
r
ieto
r
o
f
th
e
s
to
p
p
in
g
ter
r
ito
r
y
s
p
e
ak
s
with
th
e
clien
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
W
I
-
FI
m
o
d
u
le
ab
o
u
t
th
e
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
s
p
ac
es
i
n
th
e
s
to
p
p
in
g
zo
n
e.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
is
d
ata
th
e
clien
t
ca
n
leav
e
th
eir
v
eh
icle
s
tr
aig
h
tf
o
r
war
d
ly
in
th
e
f
r
ee
s
p
ac
es
with
o
u
t
b
u
r
n
in
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
eir
tim
e.
T
h
e
s
u
m
as
in
d
i
ca
ted
b
y
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
s
to
p
p
in
g
r
eg
io
n
is
s
en
d
to
t
h
e
clien
t th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
W
I
FI
m
o
d
u
le.
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
AND
F
U
T
U
RE
SCO
P
E
I
n
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
,
th
e
ex
ec
u
tio
n
o
f
an
au
to
m
at
ed
ca
r
p
ar
k
in
g
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
to
ld
b
y
iOS
Ap
p
licatio
n
is
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
talk
ed
ab
o
u
t.
T
h
e
p
a
r
ts
u
tili
ze
d
f
o
r
th
e
u
s
ag
e
o
f
th
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
g
iv
e
p
r
o
f
icien
t y
ield
at
d
if
f
er
en
t
p
h
ases
o
f
ex
ec
u
tio
n
.
T
h
e
in
ter
f
ac
es
s
et
u
p
b
etwe
en
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
eg
m
en
ts
g
iv
e
a
co
m
p
ellin
g
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ce
o
v
e
r
th
e
g
e
n
er
al
wo
r
k
in
g
o
f
th
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
ly
,
th
e
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
wo
r
k
in
g
is
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Reco
n
f
ig
u
r
a
b
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2089
-
4
8
6
4
A
u
to
ma
ted
s
ma
r
t c
a
r
p
a
r
kin
g
s
ystem
u
s
in
g
r
a
s
p
b
err
y
P
i 4
a
n
d
iOS
a
p
p
lica
tio
n
(
R
a
h
ma
n
A
tiq
u
r
)
233
an
d
is
s
u
g
g
ested
f
o
r
b
u
s
in
ess
u
s
ag
e.
I
n
f
u
tu
r
e,
ce
r
tain
p
r
o
g
r
ess
io
n
s
ca
n
b
e
f
u
s
ed
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
p
r
er
eq
u
is
ites
o
f
th
e
ass
o
ciatio
n
s
ex
ec
u
tin
g
th
e
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
.
T
h
ey
ar
e:
-
Sear
ch
o
f
f
r
ee
s
to
p
p
in
g
s
p
ac
es
ca
n
b
e
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
u
tili
zin
g
b
in
ar
y
o
r
h
ash
s
ea
r
ch
.
Fra
m
ewo
r
k
ca
n
b
e
s
tr
etch
ed
o
u
t
to
s
tag
g
e
r
ed
an
d
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
s
to
p
p
in
g
ter
r
ito
r
ies
b
y
r
o
llin
g
o
u
t
p
o
s
s
ib
le
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
ts
in
th
e
e
q
u
ip
m
en
t
a
r
r
an
g
em
en
t.
SMS
s
en
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
iOS
Ap
p
licatio
n
ca
n
b
e
m
ad
e
s
ec
u
r
e
b
y
ap
p
ly
in
g
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
f
o
r
s
ec
u
r
ity
r
ea
s
o
n
,
L
o
g
i
n
o
f
f
ice
ca
n
b
e
g
iv
e
n
t
o
th
e
clien
ts
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
P
ra
sa
n
th
,
M
.
,
K.
S
.
R
o
sh
i
n
i,
T.
P
u
ji
t
h
a
,
C.
S
a
i
T
h
a
n
u
s
h
a
,
C.
S
a
i
M
a
h
e
sh
,
M
.
P
u
ru
s
h
o
t
h
a
m
Ra
o
,
a
n
d
P
.
Ra
jes
h
,
"
De
sig
n
a
n
d
Im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
S
m
a
rt
P
a
rk
in
g
S
y
ste
m
Ba
se
d
o
n
Ra
sp
b
e
rry
P
i
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
M
icro
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
r
S
y
ste
m
,
"
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
In
ter
d
isc
ip
li
n
a
ry
Cy
c
le R
e
se
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l.
XII,
n
o
.
VI,
p
p
.
9
6
0
-
9
6
5
,
2
0
2
0
.
[2
]
R.
Yu
sn
i
ta
F
a
riza
No
rb
a
y
a
No
ra
z
win
a
wa
ti
Ba
sh
ru
d
d
i
n
,
"
In
telli
g
e
n
t
p
a
rk
i
n
g
sp
a
c
e
d
e
tec
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
b
a
se
d
o
n
ima
g
e
p
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
,"
I
n
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
I
n
n
o
v
a
ti
o
n
,
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l.
3
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
2
3
2
-
2
3
5
,
2
0
1
2
.
[3
]
Ha
m
a
d
a
R.
H.
Al
-
Ab
si
P
a
tri
c
k
S
e
b
a
stian
Ju
sti
n
Din
e
sh
Da
n
iel
De
v
a
ra
j
Ya
p
V
o
o
i
Vo
o
n
,
"
Visio
n
-
b
a
se
d
a
u
t
o
m
a
ted
p
a
rk
in
g
sy
ste
m
,"
1
0
th
I
n
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
S
c
ien
c
e
,
S
ig
n
a
l
Pr
o
c
e
ss
in
g
a
n
d
th
e
ir
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
(IS
S
PA
2
0
1
0
)
,
p
p
.
7
5
7
-
7
6
0
,
2
0
1
0
.
[4
]
M
.
M
.
Ra
sh
i
d
A.
M
u
sa
M
.
Ata
u
r
Re
h
m
a
n
F
a
rh
a
n
a
A.
F
a
rh
a
n
a
,"
Au
to
m
a
ti
c
p
a
rk
i
n
g
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
sy
st
e
m
a
n
d
p
a
rk
i
n
g
fe
e
c
o
ll
e
c
ti
o
n
b
a
se
d
o
n
n
u
m
b
e
r
p
late
re
c
o
g
n
it
i
o
n
,"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
M
a
c
h
in
e
L
e
a
rn
in
g
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
t
in
g
,
v
o
l
.
2
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
93
-
9
8
,
2
0
1
2
.
[5
]
M
.
O.
Re
z
e
M
.
F
.
Ism
a
il
A.A.
R
o
k
o
n
i
M
.
A.R.
S
a
rk
a
r
,
"
S
m
a
rt
p
a
rk
in
g
sy
ste
m
with
ima
g
e
p
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
fa
c
il
it
y
,
"
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
I
n
telli
g
e
n
t
S
y
ste
ms
a
n
d
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l.
4
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
41
-
4
7
,
2
0
1
2
.
[6
]
Am
b
a
Ja
m
e
s
Ga
rb
a
Ad
a
m
u
M
u
rtala
Z
u
n
g
e
ru
,
A
d
a
m
u
M
u
r
tala
Zu
n
g
e
ru
,
"
De
sig
n
a
n
d
imp
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
a
sh
o
rt
m
e
ss
a
g
e
se
rv
ice
b
a
se
d
r
e
m
o
te
c
o
n
tr
o
ll
e
r
,"
Co
mp
u
ter
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
In
telli
g
e
n
t
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
3
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
0
6
-
1
1
9
,
2
0
1
2
.
[7
]
Th
a
n
h
Na
m
P
h
a
m
,
M
in
g
-
F
o
n
g
T
sa
i,
Du
c
Bin
g
N
g
u
y
e
n
,
C
h
y
i
-
Re
n
Do
w
a
n
d
De
r
-
Jiu
n
n
De
n
g
,
"
A
c
lo
u
d
-
b
a
se
d
sm
a
rt
-
p
a
rk
in
g
sy
ste
m
b
a
se
d
o
n
in
tern
e
t
o
f
th
in
g
s tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
,"
I
EE
E
Ac
c
e
ss
,
v
o
l
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
5
8
1
1
5
9
1
,
2
0
1
5
.
[8
]
Re
n
u
k
a
R
.
a
n
d
S
.
Dh
a
n
a
lak
sh
m
i
,
"
An
d
ro
i
d
b
a
se
d
sm
a
rt
p
a
rk
i
n
g
s
y
ste
m
u
sin
g
sl
o
t
a
ll
o
c
a
ti
o
n
re
se
rv
a
ti
o
n
s
,
"
ARPN
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
A
p
p
l
i
e
d
S
c
ien
c
e
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
0
,
no
.
7
,
p
p
.
3
1
1
6
-
3
1
2
0
,
2
0
1
5
.
[9
]
S
u
sh
il
P
a
lan
d
e
,
S
u
re
k
h
a
G
a
n
g
u
rd
e
,
Ak
sh
a
y
P
o
te
,
"
Au
t
o
m
a
ti
c
P
a
y
An
d
P
a
rk
S
y
ste
m
,
"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
S
c
ien
ti
fi
c
a
n
d
Res
e
a
rc
h
P
u
b
l
ica
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
5
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
1
-
4
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
0
]
G
g
y
u
G
u
n
a
se
k
a
ra
,
Ad
a
i
G
u
n
a
se
k
a
ra
a
n
d
Rp
s
"
A
S
m
a
rt
Ve
h
icle
P
a
rk
in
g
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
S
o
l
u
ti
o
n
,"
Pr
o
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
8
th
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
Res
e
a
rc
h
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
,
KDU
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
1
]
Ba
ra
tam
M
Ku
m
a
r
G
a
n
d
h
i
a
n
d
M
.
Ka
m
e
sw
a
r
a
Ra
o
,
"
A
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
e
f
o
r
I
o
T
b
a
se
d
c
a
r
p
a
rk
i
n
g
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
sy
ste
m
fo
r
s
m
a
rt
c
it
ies
,
"
In
d
i
a
n
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
of
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
9
,
n
o
.
17,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
2
]
P
o
o
ja
S
a
n
jay
P
a
g
a
r,
Ta
b
a
ss
u
m
Ja
lal
Kh
a
n
,
P
.
R.
G
h
o
d
e
k
a
r,
M
.
R.
Bh
a
d
a
n
g
e
,
V.
S
a
lv
e
,
"
S
m
a
rt
c
a
r
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
sy
ste
m
u
sin
g
ra
sp
b
e
rry
Pi
,
"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
Res
e
a
rc
h
in
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
(IJ
AR
EM
)
,
v
o
l.
1
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
2
2
5
-
2
3
0
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
3
]
Zey
d
in
P
a
la
,
Nih
a
t
In
a
n
c
,
"
Uti
li
z
in
g
R
F
ID
f
o
r
sm
a
rt
p
a
r
k
in
g
a
p
p
l
ica
ti
o
n
s
,
"
F
a
c
ta
U
n
ive
rs
it
a
ti
s S
e
rie
s:
M
e
c
h
a
n
ic a
l
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
vol
.
7,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
0
1
-
1
1
8
,
2
0
0
9
.
[1
4
]
Ra
k
h
iKa
lan
tri
,
An
a
n
d
P
a
re
k
a
r,
Ak
sh
a
y
M
o
h
it
e
,
R
o
h
a
n
Ka
n
k
a
p
u
rk
a
r
,
"
RF
ID
b
a
se
d
t
o
ll
c
o
ll
e
c
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
,
"
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
C
o
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
I
n
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
,
vo
l
.
5
,
n
o
.
2,
2
5
8
2
-
2
5
8
5
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
5
]
Vish
wa
n
a
th
Y
.
,
Aish
wa
ry
a
D
.
Ku
c
h
a
ll
i,
De
b
a
ru
p
a
Ra
k
sh
i
t
,
"
S
u
r
v
e
y
p
a
p
e
ro
n
S
m
a
rt
P
a
rk
i
n
g
S
y
ste
m
b
a
se
d
o
n
In
ter
n
e
t
o
f
T
h
in
g
s
,
"
I
n
ter
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Rec
e
n
t
T
re
n
d
s
i
n
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Res
e
a
rc
h
(IJ
RT
ER
)
,
v
o
l.
2
,
n
o
.
0
3
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
6
]
Ah
m
e
d
Ya
se
e
n
M
j
h
o
o
l,
Ali
A
b
b
a
s
Al
-
S
a
b
b
a
g
h
,
Ru
a
a
A.
S
a
e
e
d
Alsa
b
a
h
,
"
S
m
a
rt
P
a
r
k
in
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
b
a
se
d
o
n
in
tern
e
t
o
f
t
h
in
g
s
,
"
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Ne
t
wo
rk
s a
n
d
T
e
lec
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
ms
,
vol
.
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
0
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
7
]
Kh
a
n
n
a
,
A
b
h
ir
u
p
,
a
n
d
Rish
i
A
n
a
n
d
,
"
I
o
T
b
a
se
d
sm
a
rt
p
a
rk
i
n
g
sy
ste
m
,
"
In
2
0
1
6
I
n
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
In
ter
n
e
t
o
f
T
h
in
g
s a
n
d
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s (IOT
A)
,
p
p
.
2
6
6
-
2
7
0
,
2
0
1
6
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
20
89
-
4
8
6
4
I
n
t J Reco
n
f
ig
u
r
a
b
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
3
,
No
v
e
m
b
er
2
0
2
0
:
229
–
2
3
4
234
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S O
F
AUTH
O
RS
Ra
h
m
a
n
Atiq
u
r
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
is
Ba
c
h
e
lo
r
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
(B
.
S
c
)
a
n
d
M
a
s
ter
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(M
.
En
g
g
.
)
d
e
g
re
e
fro
m
th
e
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
C
o
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
t
Un
i
v
e
rsity
o
f
Ch
it
tag
o
n
g
,
Ch
it
tag
o
n
g
,
Ba
n
g
la
d
e
sh
.
In
p
ro
fe
ss
io
n
,
h
e
wo
r
k
e
d
in
t
h
e
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
i
v
e
rsity
o
f
C
h
i
tt
a
g
o
n
g
,
Ba
n
g
lad
e
sh
a
s
a
n
As
sista
n
t
P
ro
fe
ss
o
r
si
n
c
e
Ap
ril
2
0
1
6
.
F
o
rm
a
r
h
e
wa
s
a
lec
tu
re
r
in
t
h
e
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
Co
m
p
u
t
e
r
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
Ch
i
tt
a
g
o
n
g
,
Ba
n
g
la
d
e
sh
.
He
is
n
o
w
c
o
n
d
u
c
ti
n
g
h
is
P
h
.
D.
re
se
a
rc
h
wo
r
k
s
u
n
d
e
r
th
e
Ch
in
e
se
G
o
v
e
rn
m
e
n
t
S
c
h
o
lars
h
i
p
s
(CG
S
)
P
r
o
g
ra
m
a
t
Ch
o
n
g
q
i
n
g
Un
i
v
e
rsity
o
f
P
o
st
s
a
n
d
Tele
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
,
Ch
o
n
g
q
i
n
g
,
Ch
in
a
.
His
c
u
rre
n
t
re
se
a
rc
h
i
n
t
e
re
st
li
e
s
in
th
e
field
o
f
e
d
g
e
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
b
a
se
d
Io
T
sy
ste
m
s.
Yu
n
L
i
is
a
p
ro
fe
ss
o
r
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
i
n
Co
ll
e
g
e
o
f
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s,
C
h
o
n
g
q
in
g
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
P
o
sts
a
n
d
Tele
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
,
C
h
in
a
.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
i
n
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
m
o
b
il
e
c
l
o
u
d
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
c
o
o
p
e
ra
ti
v
e
/rela
y
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
ns
,
g
re
e
n
wire
les
s
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s,
wire
les
s
a
d
h
o
c
n
e
two
rk
s,
se
n
so
r
n
e
two
rk
s,
a
n
d
.
v
ir
tu
a
l
wire
les
s
n
e
two
r
k
s.
He
(c
o
-
)a
u
th
o
re
d
m
o
re
t
h
a
n
1
5
0
jo
u
r
n
a
l/
c
o
n
fe
re
n
c
e
a
rti
c
les
.
He
is
th
e
Ex
e
c
u
ti
v
e
As
so
c
iate
Ed
it
o
r
o
f
El
se
v
ier/CQU
P
T
Dig
it
a
l
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
Ne
two
rk
s
(
DCN
)
.
He
is
o
n
t
h
e
e
d
it
o
rial
b
o
a
r
d
fo
r
IEE
E
Ac
c
e
ss
a
n
d
Wi
ley
S
e
c
u
rit
y
a
n
d
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
N
e
two
rk
s.
He
se
rv
e
d
a
s
c
o
-
c
h
a
ir
fo
r
Ch
i
n
a
Co
m
2
0
1
0
WCN
sy
m
p
o
siu
m
,
IEE
E
RWS
2
0
1
1
D
S
P
AW
sy
m
p
o
si
u
m
.
He
h
a
s
a
ls
o
se
rv
e
d
a
s
a
TP
C
m
e
m
b
e
r
f
o
r
n
u
m
e
r
o
u
s
c
o
n
fe
re
n
c
e
s
in
c
lu
d
in
g
IEE
E
G
LOBECOM
,
IEE
E
WCNC,
Wi
CON
,
CNC2
0
1
2
,
WOCC,
IW
CM
C
,
a
n
d
Wi
COM
.
He
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
is
P
h
.
D
i
n
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
e
n
g
in
e
e
ri
n
g
fro
m
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
o
f
Ch
i
n
a
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.