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o
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Rec
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ura
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m
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s
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(
I
J
RE
S)
Vo
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11
,
No
.
1
, M
a
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ch
20
22
,
p
p
.
84
~
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I
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N:
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4
8
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,
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s
.
v
11
.
i
1
.
pp
84
-
92
84
J
o
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e
:
h
ttp
:
//ij
r
es.ia
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co
m
Custo
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a
nd
Wi
-
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dev
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rs
fo
r P
X
A2
7
0
o
f
Linu
x
O
S
ba
se
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si
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R
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ed
No
v
19
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2
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1
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ev
is
ed
J
an
22
,
2
0
2
2
Acc
ep
ted
Feb
10
,
2
0
2
2
To
a
c
c
e
ss
a
n
y
d
e
v
ice
,
it
is n
e
c
e
ss
a
ry
to
h
a
v
e
a
n
a
c
c
e
ss
p
o
i
n
t.
A
d
e
v
ice
d
ri
v
e
r
is
a
n
e
n
try
p
o
in
t
to
a
c
c
e
ss
a
d
e
v
ice
.
Th
is
p
r
o
jec
t
is
a
ime
d
to
c
u
st
o
m
ize
th
e
Wi
-
Fi
a
n
d
g
e
n
e
ra
l
p
a
c
k
e
t
ra
d
io
se
rv
ice
(
G
P
RS
)
d
e
v
ice
d
ri
v
e
rs
in
Li
n
u
x
OS
fo
r
P
XA
2
7
0
(
I
n
tel
Xs
c
a
le
AR
M
p
ro
c
e
ss
o
r
).
Cu
sto
m
izi
n
g
a
d
e
v
ice
d
ri
v
e
r
is
a
sp
e
c
ial
wa
y
o
f
d
e
sig
n
i
n
g
so
ftwa
r
e
th
a
t
c
a
n
b
e
m
o
re
e
a
sily
p
o
rted
fro
m
o
n
e
a
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
to
a
n
o
th
e
r
with
o
u
t
re
writi
n
g
i
t
fr
o
m
sc
ra
tch
.
T
h
e
p
a
p
e
r
is
d
isc
u
ss
in
g
a
b
o
u
t
t
h
e
c
u
sto
m
isa
ti
o
n
o
f
Wi
-
F
i
a
n
d
G
P
RS
d
e
v
ice
d
ri
v
e
r
i
n
Li
n
u
x
OS
f
o
r
P
XA
2
7
0
(
In
tel
Xs
c
a
le
ARM
p
ro
c
e
ss
o
r
).
To
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
a
d
e
v
ice
d
riv
e
r,
it
is
n
e
c
e
ss
a
ry
to
u
n
d
e
rs
tan
d
t
h
e
p
r
o
c
e
ss
o
r
a
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
a
n
d
Li
n
u
x
k
e
rn
e
l
i
n
tern
a
ls
a
n
d
o
t
h
e
r
d
e
si
g
n
c
o
n
stra
i
n
ts.
S
in
c
e
d
y
n
a
m
ica
ll
y
l
o
a
d
e
d
d
riv
e
r
m
o
d
u
le
is
a
tt
a
c
h
e
d
to
th
e
e
x
isti
n
g
k
e
rn
e
l,
a
n
d
a
n
y
e
rro
r
i
n
th
e
d
riv
e
r
will
c
ra
sh
th
e
e
n
t
ire
sy
ste
m
.
Re
so
u
rc
e
a
ll
o
c
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
imp
lem
e
n
tatio
n
fo
r
a
d
e
v
ice
is
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
a
in
c
o
n
c
e
rn
s
fo
r
d
e
v
ice
d
ri
v
e
r
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
rs.
Th
e
d
e
v
ice
re
so
u
rc
e
s
a
re
in
p
u
t/
o
u
t
p
u
t,
m
e
m
o
ry
,
IRQs
a
n
d
p
o
rts.
Th
e
re
q
u
ired
to
o
lc
h
a
in
to
b
u
il
d
t
h
e
c
ro
ss
-
c
o
m
p
li
e
r
fo
r
th
e
In
tel
Xs
c
a
le
ARM
p
ro
c
e
ss
o
r
w
a
s
b
u
il
t
o
n
Li
n
u
x
p
latfo
rm
.
T
h
e
c
u
sto
m
ise
d
d
e
v
ice
d
ri
v
e
rs
o
f
Wi
-
F
i,
a
n
d
G
P
RS
wa
s
c
u
sto
m
ise
d
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
c
u
sto
m
ise
d
ima
g
e
s
a
re
m
a
d
e
to
p
o
r
t
fo
r
P
XA
2
7
0
p
ro
c
e
ss
o
r
a
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
o
n
EM
X
-
2
7
0
b
o
a
rd
.
Wi
t
h
a
ll
t
h
e
s
u
p
p
o
rti
n
g
p
a
ra
m
e
ters
th
e
k
e
rn
e
l
ima
g
e
s
with
d
ri
v
e
rs
a
re
b
u
il
d
a
n
d
p
o
rte
d
e
fficie
n
tl
y
.
Also
,
a
su
c
c
e
ss
fu
l
v
e
rifi
c
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
tes
ti
n
g
h
a
d
b
e
e
n
p
e
rfo
rm
e
d
fo
r
th
e
ir
fu
n
c
ti
o
n
a
li
ti
e
s
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
EMX
-
270
GPR
S
L
in
u
x
PXA2
7
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Wi
-
Fi
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
San
k
et
Dess
ai
Dep
ar
tem
en
t o
f
C
o
m
p
u
ter
Sci
en
ce
an
d
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
Facu
lty
o
f
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
an
d
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
M.
S.
R
am
aiah
Un
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
Ap
p
lied
Scien
ce
s
Un
iv
er
s
ity
Ho
u
s
e,
New
B
E
L
R
d
,
M
S R
Nag
ar
,
Ma
th
ik
er
e,
B
en
g
alu
r
u
,
Kar
n
atak
a
5
6
0
0
5
4
,
I
n
d
ia
E
m
ail: san
k
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@
g
m
ail.
co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
two
m
ajo
r
ch
allen
g
in
g
wo
r
k
s
in
th
e
em
b
ed
d
e
d
L
in
u
x
in
d
u
s
tr
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ar
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to
wr
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a
d
ev
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d
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in
L
in
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x
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d
p
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r
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g
L
in
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p
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atin
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y
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tem
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n
to
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tar
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d
d
e
d
d
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,
d
e
v
elo
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r
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v
alid
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n
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an
d
test
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g
team
s
.
Dev
ic
e
d
r
iv
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s
p
la
y
an
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
f
ile
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
d
ev
ices
in
th
e
k
er
n
el
o
f
th
e
L
in
u
x
OS.
W
h
en
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
d
ev
elo
p
er
u
s
es
th
e
d
ev
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d
r
i
v
er
s
as
b
lack
b
o
x
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wh
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e
th
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h
ar
d
war
e
d
ev
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co
m
m
u
n
icate
an
d
p
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f
o
r
m
tr
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s
ac
tio
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s
to
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d
ef
in
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ter
f
ac
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id
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g
th
e
d
etails
o
f
th
e
wo
r
k
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
d
ev
ice
h
a
r
d
war
e.
I
n
th
is
p
r
o
je
ct
p
ap
er
th
e
g
en
er
al
p
ac
k
et
r
a
d
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v
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(
GPR
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)
an
d
W
i
-
Fi
d
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iv
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s
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cu
s
to
m
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r
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th
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r
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wh
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d
w
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th
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o
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d
d
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f
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b
ar
co
d
e
s
ca
n
n
e
r
alo
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with
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h
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f
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c
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esig
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n
d
p
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f
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r
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d
GPR
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d
ev
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to
estab
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a
co
m
m
u
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icatio
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b
etwe
en
th
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clien
t a
n
d
th
e
o
u
ts
id
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wo
r
ld
[
1
]
–
[
6
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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n
d
f
r
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co
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p
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e
o
th
er
o
p
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atin
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s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
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ce
s
s
o
r
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m
o
r
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s
u
itab
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b
ased
o
n
its
Xscale
ar
ch
itectu
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e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
[
7
]
–
[
1
2
]
.
T
o
m
ak
e
th
e
s
y
s
tem
o
r
a
n
y
s
u
b
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s
y
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e
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ec
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y
o
f
b
o
th
th
e
h
ar
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war
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d
th
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o
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th
e
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f
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f
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y
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e
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e
t
h
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ap
p
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s
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e
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o
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twar
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s
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d
th
e
l
ay
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o
f
th
e
f
ir
m
war
e
wh
ich
is
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
th
e
h
ar
d
war
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
h
ar
d
wa
r
e
ab
s
tr
ac
tio
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lay
er
.
Hen
ce
th
er
e
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n
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d
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th
e
d
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d
r
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s
ar
e
co
m
i
n
g
in
to
th
e
e
x
is
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ce
.
W
h
en
a
n
ewe
r
d
ev
e
lo
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m
en
t
o
f
t
h
e
h
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th
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e
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n
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ess
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y
f
o
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th
e
d
e
v
elo
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m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
f
ir
m
war
e,
s
o
f
twar
e
an
d
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
f
o
r
th
e
d
ev
el
o
p
ed
h
a
r
d
war
e
an
d
th
e
d
ev
ice
d
r
iv
er
a
cr
itical
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
to
b
e
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
f
o
r
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l,
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
ab
ilit
y
,
an
d
u
s
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
d
ev
ice,
h
e
n
ce
d
e
v
ice
d
r
iv
er
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t a
n
d
its
r
esear
ch
ar
e
im
p
o
r
tan
t a
r
ea
s
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
[
7
]
–
[
1
2
]
.
Co
m
p
u
tin
g
a
r
ch
itectu
r
es
ar
e
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
an
d
m
o
v
in
g
in
to
m
u
lti
-
co
r
e
an
d
h
en
ce
th
e
L
in
u
x
o
p
er
atin
g
s
y
s
tem
o
r
an
y
o
t
h
er
o
p
er
atin
g
s
y
s
tem
n
ee
d
to
h
av
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
API
s
f
o
r
th
e
m
u
lti
-
co
r
e
at
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
s
y
s
tem
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
k
e
r
n
el
a
n
d
u
s
er
le
v
el.
T
h
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
f
o
r
th
is
d
esig
n
d
ea
ls
with
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
t
h
e
PXA
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
an
d
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
its
p
er
ip
er
ials
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
th
e
d
ev
ice
d
r
iv
er
s
f
o
r
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
i
n
g
d
ev
ices
wh
ich
is
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t f
o
r
th
e
b
ar
co
d
e
s
ca
n
n
er
f
o
r
its
ap
p
licatio
n
s
[
7
]
–
[
1
2
]
.
2.
DE
S
I
G
N
AND
I
M
P
L
E
M
E
N
T
AT
I
O
N
T
o
p
er
f
o
r
m
th
e
p
o
r
tin
g
o
f
L
in
u
x
o
n
to
th
e
PXA2
7
0
tar
g
et
b
o
ar
d
,
it
is
r
e
q
u
ir
e
d
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
th
e
b
u
ild
f
o
r
a
to
o
lch
ai
n
u
s
in
g
th
e
cr
o
s
s
_
co
m
p
lier
,
ass
em
b
ler
,
lin
k
e
r
an
d
o
th
e
r
s
tan
d
ar
d
GNU
to
o
ls
wh
ich
h
elp
s
to
cr
ea
te
an
d
g
e
n
er
ate
a
n
im
a
g
es f
o
r
th
e
L
in
u
x
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t th
e
X
s
ca
le
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
tar
g
et
b
o
a
r
d
o
n
th
e
h
o
s
t sy
s
tem
wh
ich
is
a
n
x
8
6
PC
s
y
s
tem
[
7
]
–
[
1
3
]
.
T
o
b
u
ild
t
h
e
to
o
lc
h
ain
,
f
iv
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
s
tep
s
m
u
s
t b
e
f
o
llo
wed
.
−
B
in
ar
y
u
tili
ties
s
et
-
u
p
,
−
Ker
n
el
h
ea
d
er
s
s
et
-
u
p
,
−
B
o
o
ts
tr
ap
co
m
p
iler
s
et
-
u
p
,
−
C
lib
r
ar
y
s
et
-
up,
−
g
lib
c
-
lin
u
x
th
r
ea
d
s
an
d
,
f
u
ll c
o
m
p
iler
s
et
-
u
p
(
w
h
ich
is
o
p
tio
n
al)
.
T
h
e
in
ter
n
al
o
f
th
e
L
in
u
x
is
o
p
en
an
d
ca
n
b
e
m
o
d
i
f
ied
b
y
t
h
e
u
s
ed
w
h
ich
is
b
ig
g
er
a
d
v
a
n
tag
es
f
o
r
th
e
em
b
ed
d
ed
s
y
s
tem
d
ev
elo
p
er
.
T
h
e
em
b
ed
d
e
d
s
y
s
tem
en
g
in
ee
r
s
u
s
in
g
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
API
s
s
y
s
tem
ca
lled
as
s
y
s
tem
ca
lls
an
d
o
t
h
er
s
p
ec
if
ic
API
s
at
th
e
u
s
er
o
r
k
e
r
n
el
lev
el
f
o
r
t
h
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
d
r
iv
er
s
a
n
d
o
r
cu
s
to
m
is
atio
n
s
o
f
th
e
d
r
iv
er
s
,
s
o
m
etim
e
th
e
in
ter
m
ed
iate
s
y
s
tem
ca
lls
ar
e
in
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
ar
e
p
u
r
ely
b
ased
o
n
th
e
s
o
f
twar
e
an
d
n
ee
d
to
m
a
p
at
th
e
f
ir
m
w
ar
e
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
d
e
v
ice
d
r
iv
e
r
s
.
Als
o
,
th
e
d
ev
ice
ca
n
b
e
b
u
ilt
s
ep
ar
ately
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
k
er
n
el
an
d
ca
n
b
e
p
l
u
g
g
e
d
in
wh
en
an
d
wh
e
n
ev
er
r
e
q
u
ir
ed
at
th
e
r
u
n
tim
e
eith
er
d
y
n
am
ically
o
r
ca
n
b
e
u
n
p
l
u
g
g
e
d
wh
en
n
o
t
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
.
T
h
is
p
o
r
tab
ilit
y
a
n
d
m
o
d
u
lar
ity
o
f
th
e
d
ev
ice
d
r
iv
er
s
m
a
k
e
th
e
L
in
u
x
OS
an
d
its
d
ev
ice
d
r
iv
er
ea
s
y
to
wr
i
te
f
o
r
th
e
p
o
in
t
a
n
d
th
e
r
e
ar
e
h
u
n
d
r
ed
s
o
f
d
e
v
ice
d
r
iv
er
s
ar
e
av
ailab
le
wh
ic
h
ar
e
lo
ad
ed
an
d
u
n
lo
a
d
ed
f
o
r
th
e
L
in
u
x
OS
[
1
4
]
–
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
is
lo
a
d
in
g
a
n
d
u
n
lo
ad
i
n
g
f
ea
tu
r
e
m
ak
e
th
e
t
h
e
L
in
u
x
b
ased
s
y
s
tem
to
g
r
o
w
an
d
th
e
em
b
ed
d
e
d
d
esig
n
er
’
s
in
ter
est
to
wr
ite
m
o
r
e
an
d
m
o
r
e
d
r
i
v
er
an
d
u
s
e
th
e
lin
u
x
f
o
r
th
e
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
is
g
r
o
wi
n
g
.
T
h
is
g
r
o
wth
h
elp
s
th
e
em
b
ed
d
ed
d
esig
n
es
to
cu
s
to
m
is
atio
n
o
f
th
e
d
e
v
ice
d
r
iv
er
s
f
o
r
th
eir
ap
p
licatio
n
s
as
s
o
m
ewh
er
e,
s
o
m
eo
n
e
m
u
s
t
wr
ite
th
e
d
ev
ice
d
r
iv
er
an
d
m
a
k
e
th
e
s
y
s
tem
wo
r
k
an
d
b
ased
o
n
th
is
o
th
er
d
esig
n
er
ca
n
cu
s
to
m
is
e
th
e
d
ev
ice
d
r
iv
er
f
o
r
th
eir
ap
p
licatio
n
s
an
d
m
ak
e
t
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
wo
r
k
.
So
with
o
u
t
t
h
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
o
f
th
e
d
e
v
ice
d
r
i
v
er
th
er
e
is
n
o
t
s
y
s
tem
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
will
b
e
ab
le
to
f
u
n
ctio
n
a
s
to
d
ay
we
d
ea
l
with
th
e
co
-
d
esig
n
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
wh
er
e
h
ar
d
war
e
an
d
th
e
s
o
f
twar
e
h
as to
wo
r
k
in
c
o
o
r
d
in
atio
n
with
ea
ch
o
t
h
er
[
2
0
]
–
[
2
5
]
.
2
.
1
.
G
P
RS
a
nd
Wi
-
F
i
driv
er
co
mm
un
ica
t
io
n
W
ir
eles
s
s
y
s
tem
s
ar
e
g
r
o
win
g
in
all
walk
s
o
f
th
e
life
wh
er
e
p
eo
p
le
u
s
ed
m
o
b
ile
p
h
o
n
es
an
d
o
th
er
ap
p
licatio
n
s
wh
er
e
wir
eless
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
ar
e
u
s
ed
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
I
n
th
is
ap
p
licatio
n
,
a
b
ar
co
d
e
s
ca
n
n
er
n
ee
d
s
wir
eless
s
u
p
p
o
r
t.
I
n
itia
lly
,
GPR
S
was
v
er
y
p
o
p
u
lar
f
o
r
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
o
v
er
th
e
wir
eless
an
d
n
o
w
d
ay
s
W
i
-
Fi
p
l
ay
s
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
o
le
in
s
h
o
r
t
r
a
n
g
e
an
d
well
l
o
n
g
r
an
g
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
alo
n
g
with
th
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
o
f
m
o
b
ile
p
h
o
n
es.
T
h
e
wir
e
less
ap
p
licatio
n
s
with
th
e
h
elp
o
f
W
i
-
Fi
ar
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
d
u
e
to
th
e
tr
en
d
s
o
f
m
o
b
ile
p
h
o
n
es
an
d
th
eir
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
s
u
ch
as
b
ig
g
er
s
cr
ee
n
,
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
an
d
its
f
ea
tu
r
e
s
.
W
i
-
Fi
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
o
n
th
e
lap
to
p
an
d
o
th
er
co
m
p
u
tin
g
d
ev
ices
is
an
em
er
g
i
n
g
alter
n
ativ
e
f
o
r
th
e
telep
h
o
n
ic
lin
es
to
c
o
n
v
er
t
t
h
e
v
o
ice
co
n
v
er
s
atio
n
s
u
s
in
g
th
e
W
i
-
Fi
n
etwo
r
k
f
o
r
lar
g
er
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
n
u
m
b
er
s
.
T
h
e
W
i
-
Fi
k
in
d
o
f
class
es
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e
d
esig
n
ed
p
r
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l
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iv
e
a
h
ig
h
er
s
p
ee
d
in
ter
n
et
ac
ce
s
s
an
d
by
th
e
s
tan
d
a
r
d
o
f
I
E
E
E
8
0
2
.
1
1
b
,
a
,
g
a
n
d
s
o
o
n
b
ased
o
n
th
e
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
to
ap
p
licatio
n
s
an
d
allo
win
g
t
h
e
co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
f
o
r
t
h
e
d
ev
ic
es
to
co
n
n
ec
t
an
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
9
-
4
8
6
4
I
n
t J Reco
n
f
ig
u
r
a
b
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
1
,
M
ar
c
h
20
22
:
84
-
92
86
co
m
m
u
n
icate
wir
eless
ly
wh
er
e
th
er
e
is
n
o
t
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
o
f
th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
wir
in
g
co
n
n
ec
ti
o
n
s
.
As
th
e
W
i
-
Fi
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
is
g
r
o
win
g
with
its
s
p
ee
d
a
n
d
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
th
er
e
is
m
o
r
e
ap
p
licatio
n
h
ap
p
en
i
n
g
f
o
r
th
e
b
etter
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
s
o
ciety
wh
er
e
th
e
d
o
m
ain
s
p
ec
if
ic
lan
g
u
ag
e
(
DSL
)
,
T
I
s
er
v
ices
an
d
in
ter
n
et
ac
ce
s
s
ar
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
W
i
-
Fi as b
ec
o
m
e
a
well
-
estab
lis
h
ed
s
tan
d
ar
d
[
1
4
]
–
[
2
5
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Wi
-
Fi b
ased
o
n
8
0
2
.
1
1
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
n
o
d
e
[
2
2
]
GPR
S
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
o
p
u
lar
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
wh
er
e
it
is
an
in
ter
n
et
p
r
o
to
co
l
(
IP
)
b
ased
s
er
v
ices
th
at
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
f
ast
an
d
s
witch
in
g
b
ased
o
n
th
e
p
ac
k
et
ac
ce
s
s
to
th
e
d
ata
n
etwo
r
k
o
v
er
th
e
in
ter
n
et.
T
h
e
m
o
b
ile
s
er
v
ices
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
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ed
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er
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an
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GPR
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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Sy
s
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SS
N:
2089
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4
8
6
4
C
u
s
to
miz
a
tio
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f G
P
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Wi
-
F
i d
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ivers
fo
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f Lin
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S
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t D
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a
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)
87
a
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eless
d
y
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ic
d
o
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ai
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e
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er
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th
at
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ic
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o
m
ain
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am
e
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DDNS
)
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I
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m
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a
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e
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r
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P
ad
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ig
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y
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as
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ain
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as
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alities
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er
e
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o
f
th
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c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
f
u
n
ctio
n
alities
is
task
to
b
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
ed
in
th
e
f
ir
m
wa
r
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o
f
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em
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e
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tific
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v
er
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ased
o
n
th
e
n
ew
ass
ig
n
ed
I
P
ad
d
r
ess
es.
2
.
2
.
Net
w
o
rk
dev
ices
E
ac
h
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
to
c
o
m
m
u
n
icate
n
ee
d
s
to
h
av
e
a
n
etwo
r
k
a
n
d
h
en
ce
th
e
n
et
wo
r
k
lay
er
wh
er
e
m
o
s
tly
th
e
d
ev
i
c
e
d
r
iv
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r
s
ar
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wr
itten
ar
e
p
h
y
s
ical
lay
er
m
ed
iu
m
,
wh
ich
is
ac
ce
s
s
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
ad
ap
ter
o
r
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
in
ter
f
a
ce
.
T
h
e
p
h
y
s
ical
lay
er
is
d
esig
n
ed
to
co
m
m
u
n
i
ca
te
f
o
r
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
s
b
ased
o
n
th
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
in
th
is
ap
p
lic
atio
n
it
is
m
o
r
e
b
ased
o
n
th
e
wir
eless
m
o
b
ile
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies.
As
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
d
is
tan
ce
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
-
b
ased
co
m
m
u
n
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n
in
t
er
f
ac
es n
ee
d
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
p
r
o
p
er
ties
:
−
A
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
u
itab
le
in
ter
f
ac
e
b
etwe
en
th
e
d
esig
n
ed
p
ar
ticu
l
ar
h
ar
d
war
e
f
o
r
s
p
ec
ialized
a
p
p
licatio
n
in
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
ad
a
p
ter
s
an
d
t
h
e
p
r
o
t
o
co
l w
h
ich
ar
e
s
o
f
twar
e
b
ased
to
co
m
m
u
n
icate
f
o
r
th
is
h
ar
d
war
e
.
−
A
p
r
o
to
co
l
s
tack
with
its
in
p
u
t
an
d
o
u
tp
u
t
n
ee
d
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
asy
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
in
th
e
k
e
r
n
el
o
f
th
e
o
p
er
ati
ng
s
y
s
tem
.
−
T
h
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
v
e
n
d
o
r
s
with
th
eir
n
etwo
r
k
ad
ap
ter
s
will
b
e
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
with
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
lay
er
s
at
lay
er
1
an
d
th
e
lay
er
2
p
r
o
to
c
o
l
a
n
d
h
en
ce
it
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
d
esig
n
an
d
d
ev
el
o
p
to
wr
ite
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r
cu
s
to
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ize
th
e
p
iece
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f
s
o
f
twar
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f
o
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th
e
d
if
f
e
r
en
t a
d
a
p
ter
s
to
co
m
m
u
n
icate
with
th
e
h
ar
d
war
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
n
etw
o
r
k
ad
ap
ter
.
−
A
d
esig
n
er
m
u
s
t
tak
e
ca
r
e
wh
en
cu
s
to
m
izatio
n
o
f
th
e
d
r
iv
e
r
wh
ich
is
a
u
n
if
o
r
m
i
n
ter
f
ac
e
f
o
r
th
e
ac
ce
s
s
b
y
th
e
p
r
o
to
co
l
in
s
tan
ce
wh
ich
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s
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
in
cip
le
o
f
th
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
s
y
s
tem
s
lay
er
s
.
Hen
ce
b
ased
o
n
th
i
s
lay
er
a
s
u
itab
le
im
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
to
b
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
ed
in
d
ep
en
d
e
n
tly
f
o
r
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
ad
ap
to
r
ty
p
e
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
a
n
e
two
r
k
d
ev
ice
2
.
3
.
H
a
rdwa
re
-
s
pecif
ic
f
ields
−
R
m
em
_
en
d
,
r
m
em
_
s
tar
t,
m
e
m
_
en
d
,
m
em
_
s
tar
t
is
th
e
f
ile
d
o
f
t
h
e
m
em
o
r
y
w
h
er
e
th
e
d
ef
in
itio
n
at
t
h
e
b
eg
in
n
in
g
o
f
th
e
m
em
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r
y
,
en
d
o
f
th
e
m
em
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s
p
ac
es,
an
d
th
is
m
em
o
r
y
s
p
ac
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ar
e
s
h
a
r
ed
am
o
n
g
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
ad
a
p
ter
an
d
th
e
k
er
n
el
in
th
e
L
in
u
x
o
p
er
atin
g
s
y
s
t
em
s
.
T
h
e
lo
ca
tio
n
(
m
em
_
s
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t
?
m
em
_
en
d
)
is
ass
ig
n
ed
f
o
r
th
e
b
u
f
f
e
r
s
f
o
r
s
en
d
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g
th
e
p
ac
k
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an
d
(
r
m
em
_
s
tar
t
-
>r
m
em
_
en
d
)
is
ass
ig
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ed
f
o
r
th
e
lo
ca
tio
n
f
o
r
th
e
r
ec
eiv
in
g
o
f
th
e
p
ac
k
ets.
T
h
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
s
ize
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
th
e
b
u
f
f
er
is
th
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
s
to
r
ag
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
t
h
e
ca
r
d
an
d
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
if
c
o
n
f
i
g
th
e
in
itiali
za
tio
n
o
f
a
n
etwo
r
k
ad
a
p
ter
i
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
f
o
r
m
em
o
r
y
l
o
ca
tio
n
ad
d
r
ess
es
.
−
B
ase
_
ad
d
r
:
T
h
e
s
ea
r
ch
o
f
th
e
d
ev
ice
in
th
e
f
ir
m
war
e
an
d
at
th
e
d
r
iv
er
lev
el
f
o
r
th
e
I
/O
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
with
its
b
asic
ad
d
r
ess
an
d
f
r
o
m
th
ese
b
ase
ad
d
r
ess
es
d
r
iv
er
s
ar
e
m
em
o
r
y
m
ap
p
e
d
.
T
o
u
p
d
at
e
th
e
v
alu
es
an
d
s
ettin
g
o
f
th
e
v
al
u
es
ar
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
f
o
r
th
e
d
is
p
lay
an
d
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
a
b
ilit
y
is
ac
h
iv
ed
b
y
if
co
n
f
ig
.
Als
o
,
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
lo
ad
i
n
g
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
u
le,
th
e
I
/O
b
asic a
d
d
r
ess
ca
n
b
e
s
p
ec
if
ied
as a
k
er
n
el
b
o
o
t p
ar
am
eter
.
−
Irq
:
ir
q
is
th
e
in
ter
r
u
p
ts
,
wh
ich
ar
e
n
u
m
b
er
s
b
ased
o
n
th
e
s
er
v
ices
r
eq
u
ested
in
th
e
n
etw
o
r
k
ad
a
p
ter
.
T
h
e
s
ettin
g
o
f
in
ter
r
u
p
ts
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
f
o
r
t
h
e
d
r
iv
er
s
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
in
g
p
h
ase
in
wh
ich
it
is
d
e
f
in
ed
s
p
ec
if
y
i
n
g
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
9
-
4
8
6
4
I
n
t J Reco
n
f
ig
u
r
a
b
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
1
,
M
ar
c
h
20
22
:
84
-
92
88
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
w
h
en
to
lo
a
d
as
a
m
o
d
u
le
in
t
o
th
e
k
e
r
n
el,
o
r
wh
e
n
to
s
tar
t
th
e
m
o
d
u
le
i
n
th
e
k
er
n
el.
T
o
m
o
d
if
y
t
h
e
in
ter
r
u
p
t n
u
m
b
er
if
co
n
f
ig
is
u
s
ed
.
−
DM
A:
is
th
e
d
ir
ec
t
m
em
o
r
y
ac
ce
s
s
(
DM
A
)
ch
an
n
el
h
av
in
g
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
ch
a
n
n
els
wh
ich
ar
e
u
s
ed
b
y
th
e
d
r
iv
er
s
f
o
r
tem
p
o
ra
r
y
s
to
r
a
g
e
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
.
Mo
s
t 3
2
-
b
it p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
s
u
p
p
o
r
t th
e
D
MA
.
−
Sto
r
es:
if
_
p
o
r
t
s
to
r
es
th
e
m
ed
ia
ty
p
e
o
f
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
a
d
ap
ter
cu
r
r
en
tly
u
s
ed
.
Fo
r
E
th
e
r
n
et
,
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
b
etwe
en
B
NC
,
twis
ted
p
air
(
T
P),
an
d
AUI
.
T
h
er
e
a
r
e
n
o
u
n
i
q
u
e
co
n
s
tan
ts
;
in
s
tead
,
ea
ch
d
r
iv
er
ca
n
u
s
e
its
o
wn
v
alu
es
.
2
.
4
.
Da
t
a
o
n t
he
ph
y
s
ica
l la
y
er
Fo
r
th
e
E
th
er
n
et
ca
r
d
s
et
h
er
s
e
tu
p
(
)
is
s
ettin
g
t
h
e
f
ield
v
alu
es,
wh
ich
ar
e
g
e
n
er
ally
o
r
m
o
r
eless
th
e
s
am
e
id
en
tity
f
o
r
all
th
e
eth
e
r
n
et
-
b
ased
ca
r
d
s
,
ex
ce
p
t
f
o
r
th
e
v
ar
iatio
n
s
in
th
e
f
lag
f
ield
,
t
h
ese
f
lag
f
ield
s
n
ee
d
to
be
s
et
to
m
ee
t
th
e
ca
r
d
ca
p
ab
ilit
ie
s
.
T
h
e
API
s
an
d
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
u
s
ed
(
f
d
d
i_
s
etu
p
(
)
,
tr
_
s
etu
p
(
)
)
to
s
et
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
v
alu
e
f
o
r
th
e
to
k
en
-
r
in
g
an
d
f
ib
e
r
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
d
ata
in
ter
f
ac
e
(
FDDI
)
ad
ap
ter
s
an
d
th
e
f
ield
s
o
f
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
ad
a
p
ter
s
ar
e
s
et
m
an
u
ally
as f
o
llo
ws:
−
T
h
e
lay
er
2
p
ac
k
et
h
ea
d
er
le
n
g
th
is
s
p
ec
if
ied
b
y
th
e
h
ar
d
_
h
ea
d
er
_
len
g
t
h
an
d
f
o
r
th
e
n
etw
o
r
k
a
d
ap
to
r
th
e
v
alu
e
is
1
4
.
Alo
n
g
with
th
is
v
alu
e
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
ad
ap
ter
ad
d
in
g
th
e
ad
d
itio
n
al
f
ield
s
wh
ich
ar
e
th
e
p
r
ea
m
b
le
an
d
th
e
ch
ec
k
s
u
m
f
o
r
th
e
E
th
er
n
et
an
d
h
e
n
ce
th
is
d
o
esn
’
t
r
ep
r
ese
n
t
th
e
ac
t
u
al
len
g
th
o
f
t
h
e
p
ac
k
et
h
ea
d
e
r
o
v
er
th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
lay
er
w
h
er
ea
s
it r
ep
r
esen
ts
o
n
ly
at
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
ad
a
p
ter
.
−
T
h
e
m
ax
im
u
m
len
g
t
h
o
f
th
e
p
ay
lo
ad
o
f
a
lay
er
-
2
f
r
am
e
i
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
with
th
e
h
elp
o
f
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
tr
an
s
f
er
u
n
it
(
MT
U)
.
1
5
0
0
b
y
tes
ar
e
ass
ig
n
ed
f
o
r
th
e
MT
U
f
o
r
th
e
eth
er
n
et
an
d
at
th
e
L
ay
er
-
3
p
r
o
to
c
o
ls
m
u
s
t n
ee
d
to
c
o
n
s
id
er
th
ese
M
T
U
v
alu
es with
o
u
t p
ass
in
g
th
e
m
o
r
e
o
ctets in
to
t
h
e
n
etwo
r
k
d
ev
ices
.
−
T
h
e
m
ax
im
u
m
len
g
th
o
f
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
q
u
e
u
e
o
f
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
d
ev
ice
is
g
iv
en
b
y
tx
_
q
u
e
u
e_
len
an
d
th
e
eth
er
_
s
etu
p
(
)
is
s
ettin
g
th
is
v
alu
e
to
1
0
0
.
I
t
is
n
o
t
to
b
e
co
n
f
u
s
ed
b
etwe
en
th
e
tx
_
q
u
e
u
e_
len
an
d
th
e
b
u
f
f
er
s
o
f
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
ad
ap
te
r
as
th
er
e
is
an
ad
d
itio
n
al
r
i
n
g
b
u
f
f
er
f
o
r
1
6
an
d
3
2
p
ac
k
ets
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
o
r
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
ad
ap
te
r
ty
p
es
in
th
e
h
ar
d
war
e.
T
h
ese
v
alu
es
o
f
th
e
b
u
f
f
er
ar
e
s
p
ec
if
ie
d
in
th
e
r
eq
u
est
f
o
r
co
m
m
en
ts
(
R
FC
)
1
7
0
0
wh
ic
h
is
s
p
ec
if
y
in
g
th
e
h
a
r
d
war
e
ty
p
e
f
o
r
th
e
ad
d
r
ess
-
r
eso
lu
tio
n
.
2
.
5
.
Da
t
a
o
n t
he
net
wo
rk
la
y
er
−
T
h
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
p
o
in
t
o
f
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
d
e
v
ices
in
lay
er
-
3
ar
e
g
iv
en
b
y
ip
_
p
tr
,
i
p
6
_
p
tr
,
at
alk
_
p
tr
,
d
n
_
p
tr
,
an
d
ec
_
p
tr
.
T
o
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
e
th
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
th
e
I
P
in
s
tan
ce
th
en
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
d
ev
ice
an
d
th
e
in
ter
n
et
p
r
o
to
co
l a
n
d
its
ip
_
p
tr
p
o
i
n
t to
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
th
e
ty
p
e
in
_
d
ev
i
ce
.
−
I
n
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
th
e
I
P,
th
is
f
ield
tak
es
th
e
co
n
s
tan
t
AF_
I
NE
T
wh
ich
ar
e
ass
ig
n
ed
with
th
e
f
am
ily
ad
d
r
ess
o
f
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
d
ev
ice
.
−
AF_
I
NE
T
h
as
th
e
len
g
t
h
o
f
f
o
u
r
b
y
tes
f
o
r
th
e
class
o
f
I
P
ad
d
r
ess
es
an
d
th
e
ad
d
r
ess
e
s
len
g
th
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
to
co
l
u
s
ed
is
s
p
ec
if
ied
b
y
p
a_
alen
.
−
T
h
e
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
o
f
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
lay
er
is
d
escr
ib
ed
b
y
p
a
_
ad
d
r
,
p
a_
b
r
a
d
d
r
,
a
n
d
p
a
_
m
ask
.
T
h
e
ad
d
r
ess
o
f
th
e
co
m
p
u
ter
o
r
n
etwo
r
k
d
ev
ice
c
o
n
tain
s
at
p
a
_
ad
d
r
.
p
a_
b
a
d
d
r
s
p
ec
if
ies
th
e
b
r
o
ad
ca
s
t
ad
d
r
ess
,
an
d
p
a_
m
ask
in
clu
d
es th
e
n
etwo
r
k
m
ask
.
Al
l th
r
ee
v
alu
es a
r
e
s
et
b
y
if
co
n
f
ig
wh
en
a
n
etwo
r
k
d
ev
ice
is
a
ctiv
ated
.
−
p
a_
d
s
tad
d
r
s
p
ec
if
ies
th
e
ad
d
r
ess
o
f
th
e
o
th
er
p
ar
tn
er
in
a
p
o
in
t
-
to
-
p
o
in
t
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
(
e.
g
.
,
p
o
in
t
-
to
-
p
o
in
t
p
r
o
to
co
l
(
PPP
)
o
r
s
er
ial
lin
e
in
ter
n
et
p
r
o
t
o
co
l (
SLI
P
)
)
.
A
f
lag
in
clu
d
es
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
s
witch
es.
So
m
e
o
f
th
em
d
escr
ib
e
th
e
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
d
ev
ice
(
I
FF
_
AR
P,
I
F
F_
MU
L
T
I
C
AS
T
)
;
o
th
er
s
o
u
tp
u
t
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
s
tate
(
I
F
F_
UP)
.
L
is
t
s
th
e
m
ea
n
in
g
o
f
th
ese
s
witch
es,
wh
ich
ca
n
b
e
s
et
b
y
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
if
c
o
n
f
ig
co
m
m
a
n
d
.
2
.
6
.
Dev
ice
-
driv
er
m
et
ho
ds
I
t
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
ab
s
tr
ac
t
o
u
t
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
d
e
v
ice
f
o
r
t
h
e
h
ar
d
wa
r
e.
T
h
e
m
et
h
o
d
s
s
e
t
wh
ich
is
av
ailab
le
f
o
r
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
d
r
iv
er
s
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
n
ee
d
to
b
e
m
ap
p
ed
with
th
e
u
n
if
o
r
m
in
ter
f
ac
e
s
o
th
er
e
i
s
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
h
ig
h
e
r
p
r
o
to
co
l,
a
n
d
th
ese
f
u
n
ctio
n
alit
ies
ar
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
with
th
e
n
et_
d
ev
ice
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
u
s
in
g
th
e
s
k
eleto
n
o
f
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
d
r
iv
er
s
as
an
ex
a
m
p
le
f
o
r
th
e
d
r
iv
e
r
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
.
−
T
h
e
s
ea
r
ch
in
g
a
n
d
th
e
in
itia
lizatio
n
o
f
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
d
e
v
i
ce
s
ar
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
with
I
n
it
(
)
.
W
h
er
e
th
e
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
I
n
it
(
)
is
f
o
r
f
in
d
in
g
an
d
in
itializatio
n
o
f
a
n
etwo
r
k
ad
a
p
ter
.
T
o
p
er
f
o
r
m
th
e
in
itializatio
n
a
n
et_
d
ev
ices
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
cr
e
ated
an
d
n
ee
d
to
f
ill
with
th
e
d
r
iv
e
r
-
s
p
ec
if
ied
d
ata
o
f
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I
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R
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f
ig
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b
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&
E
m
b
ed
d
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Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2089
-
4
8
6
4
C
u
s
to
miz
a
tio
n
o
f G
P
R
S
,
a
n
d
Wi
-
F
i d
ev
ice
d
r
ivers
fo
r
P
X
A
2
7
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f Lin
u
x
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S
b
a
s
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…
(
S
a
n
ke
t D
ess
a
i
)
89
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
d
ev
ices
o
r
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
d
r
iv
er
an
d
th
is
r
eg
is
tr
atio
n
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
with
th
e
r
eg
is
ter
_
n
etd
ev
ice
(
)
.
−
W
h
en
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
d
ev
ice
n
e
ed
s
to
b
e
u
n
r
eg
is
ter
ed
th
at
is
(
u
n
r
eg
is
ter
_
n
etd
ev
ice
(
)
)
f
o
r
th
is
u
n
in
it
(
)
is
u
s
ed
wh
ich
is
ex
ten
s
iv
e
d
r
iv
er
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
wh
en
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
d
ev
ice
is
r
em
o
v
ed
.
T
h
e
u
n
in
t
(
)
is
av
ailab
le
f
r
o
m
th
e
n
et_
d
ev
ice
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
f
r
o
m
v
er
s
io
n
2
.
4
an
d
cu
r
r
en
tly
n
o
t
u
s
ed
b
y
a
n
y
d
r
iv
er
.
−
W
h
en
th
e
last
r
ef
er
en
ce
is
r
em
o
v
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
n
etwo
r
k
d
ev
ices
(
d
ev
-
>r
e
f
cn
t)
a
n
ew
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
ca
lled
d
estru
cto
r
(
)
is
u
s
ed
in
th
e
n
et_
d
ev
ice
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
.
T
h
is
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
is
also
u
s
ed
to
clea
n
u
p
wo
r
k
wh
ic
h
is
f
r
ee
in
g
th
e
m
em
o
r
y
an
d
h
en
ce
th
e
d
estru
cto
r
f
u
n
ctio
n
is
n
o
t
u
s
ed
b
y
a
n
y
d
r
iv
er
s
.
−
T
h
e
ac
tiv
atio
n
o
f
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
d
ev
ice
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
th
e
o
p
en
(
)
an
d
th
is
ac
tiv
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
s
y
s
tem
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
ass
ig
n
ed
.
T
h
is
ac
tiv
atio
n
to
h
ap
p
en
ed
it
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
h
av
e
th
e
d
ev
ice
to
b
e
r
eg
is
ter
ed
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ly
,
h
en
ce
t
h
e
n
etwo
r
k
d
ev
ice
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
with
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
ex
ec
u
tio
n
o
f
th
e
o
p
en
(
)
an
d
h
e
n
ce
if
co
n
f
ig
co
m
m
an
d
ca
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
d
ev
-
>
o
p
en
(
)
is
u
s
ed
in
th
e
d
ev
-
>o
p
e
n
(
)
.
−
T
o
f
r
ee
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
it
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
t
o
ter
m
i
n
ate
t
h
e
ac
tiv
ities
o
f
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
ad
ap
ter
an
d
h
en
ce
a
s
to
p
(
)
is
u
s
ed
an
d
h
en
ce
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
d
ev
ice
is
th
en
n
o
lo
n
g
er
ac
tiv
e
,
b
u
t
it
r
em
ain
s
in
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
r
eg
is
ted
d
ev
ices lis
t w
h
ich
is
(
n
et_
d
ev
s
)
.
−
T
o
ch
ec
k
th
e
d
eliv
er
y
o
f
th
e
p
ac
k
et
o
v
er
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
d
ev
ice
is
s
u
cc
es
s
f
u
l a
h
ar
d
_
s
tar
t_
x
m
it (
)
(
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
a
s
o
ck
et
b
u
f
f
e
r
)
.
W
h
en
th
e
p
ac
k
et
was
d
eliv
er
e
d
to
th
e
a
d
ap
ter
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
th
en
h
ar
d
_
s
tar
t_
x
m
it
(
)
is
r
etu
r
n
ed
with
0
o
r
o
th
e
r
wis
e
it r
etu
r
n
s
1
.
−
T
o
g
et
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
a
n
d
s
t
atis
tics
ab
o
u
t
th
e
ac
tiv
ities
ab
o
u
t
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
d
e
v
ices
g
et_
s
tats
(
)
is
u
s
ed
,
an
d
th
is
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
is
r
etu
r
n
ed
as
n
et_
d
ev
ice_
s
tats
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e.
T
o
g
et
th
e
ad
d
itio
n
al
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
o
r
t
h
e
wir
eless
n
etwo
r
k
ad
a
p
ter
s
tat
u
s
g
et_
wir
eless
_
s
tats
(
)
is
u
s
ed
,
an
d
t
h
is
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
is
f
o
r
war
d
ed
in
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
ty
p
e
iw_
s
tatis
tics
.
T
h
e
to
o
l iwc
o
n
f
i
g
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
d
is
p
lay
th
is
s
p
ec
if
ic
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
−
s
et_
m
u
lticast
_
li
s
t
(
)
p
ass
ed
t
h
e
lis
t
with
m
u
lticast
MA
C
ad
d
r
ess
es
to
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
ad
a
p
ter
,
s
o
th
at
th
e
ad
ap
ter
ca
n
r
ec
eiv
e
p
ac
k
ets
w
ith
th
ese
ad
d
r
ess
es.
T
h
is
lis
t
is
ca
lled
eith
er
wh
en
th
e
m
u
lticast
r
ec
eip
t
f
o
r
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
d
e
v
ice
is
ac
tiv
ated
(
I
FF
_
MU
L
T
I
C
AST
f
lag
)
o
r
wh
en
th
e
lis
t
o
f
g
r
o
u
p
MA
C
ad
d
r
ess
es
to
b
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
h
as c
h
a
n
g
ed
.
−
T
h
e
tim
in
g
p
r
o
b
lem
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
o
f
a
p
ac
k
et
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
a
d
ap
ter
i
s
g
iv
en
b
y
th
e
watc
h
d
o
g
_
tim
e
o
(
)
.
T
h
e
k
e
r
n
e
l
ca
lls
th
e
wa
tch
d
o
g
_
tim
eo
(
)
m
eth
o
d
wh
en
th
e
r
e
is
n
o
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
m
en
t
i
f
th
e
p
ac
k
et
is
r
ec
eiv
ed
o
r
n
o
t a
n
d
h
en
ce
it is
tim
e
o
u
t.
d
e
v
-
>t
x
_
tim
eo
u
t,
t
o
s
o
lv
e
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
.
−
W
h
en
it
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
p
ass
t
h
e
ad
a
p
ter
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
io
ctl
(
)
co
m
m
an
d
s
to
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
d
r
i
v
er
.
T
h
en
d
o
_
io
ctl
is
u
s
ed
b
u
t
th
is
is
n
o
t
u
s
ed
b
y
th
e
h
ig
h
er
p
r
o
to
co
l,
d
u
e
t
o
th
er
e
is
n
o
g
e
n
er
ic
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
ca
t
eg
o
r
y
in
th
e
d
ev
ice
d
r
iv
e
r
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
n
etwo
r
k
d
ev
ices
.
−
T
o
ch
an
g
e
t
h
e
n
etwo
r
k
a
d
ap
te
r
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
at
th
e
r
u
n
tim
e
a
s
etco
n
f
ig
(
)
is
u
s
ed
an
d
th
e
m
eth
o
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
to
ch
an
g
e
th
e
s
y
s
tem
p
ar
am
ete
r
s
in
clu
d
es th
e
in
ter
r
u
p
ts
an
d
t
h
e
m
em
o
r
y
lo
ca
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
n
et
wo
r
k
ad
a
p
ter
.
2
.
7
.
M
a
na
g
ing
net
wo
r
k
dev
i
ce
s
T
h
e
m
an
ag
em
en
t
o
f
th
e
n
et
wo
r
k
d
ev
ices
wh
er
e
th
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
o
f
h
o
w
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
d
ev
ice
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
th
e
n
et_
d
ev
ic
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
in
th
e
L
in
u
x
Ker
n
el.
E
ac
h
n
et_
d
e
v
ice
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
r
ep
r
esen
ts
o
n
e
n
etwo
r
k
d
e
v
ices
wh
er
e
all
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
d
ev
ices
o
f
th
e
L
in
u
x
k
er
n
el
n
ee
d
a
c
o
n
n
ec
ti
o
n
in
a
lin
ea
r
lis
t
in
th
e
k
er
n
el
v
ar
iab
le
ca
lled
as
d
ev
_
b
ase
wh
ich
is
r
e
p
r
esen
tin
g
th
e
en
tr
y
p
o
in
t
o
f
th
e
lis
t
with
th
e
r
eg
is
ter
ed
n
etwo
r
k
d
ev
ices.
T
h
is
lis
t h
elp
to
p
o
i
n
t th
e
d
ev
ice
at
th
e
lis
t v
alu
e
o
f
t
h
e
n
etwo
r
k
d
ev
ice
as sh
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
2
.
8
.
Reg
is
t
er
ing
a
nd
un
re
g
is
t
er
ing
net
wo
rk
dev
ices
T
h
e
d
ev
_
b
ase
m
an
ag
es
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
d
ev
ices,
an
d
t
h
e
lis
t
s
t
o
r
es
th
e
ac
tiv
ated
o
r
u
n
ac
tiv
a
ted
b
u
t
all
r
eg
is
ter
ed
n
etwo
r
k
d
ev
ices.
W
h
en
n
ew
d
e
v
ices
ar
e
a
d
d
ed
with
th
e
h
elp
o
f
r
e
g
is
ter
_
n
etd
ev
ice
(
)
th
en
th
e
f
ir
s
t
m
u
s
t
cr
ea
te
an
d
in
itialize
a
n
et_
d
ev
ice
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
f
o
r
th
e
d
ev
_
b
ase
an
d
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
with
two
d
if
f
er
en
t
way
s
:
I
t
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
s
p
ec
if
y
th
at
i
n
th
e
k
er
n
el
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
t
h
e
d
r
iv
er
o
f
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
d
e
v
ice
is
in
teg
r
ated
p
er
m
a
n
en
tly
in
to
t
h
e
k
er
n
el
an
d
th
er
e
alr
ea
d
y
av
ailab
le
n
et_
d
ev
ice
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
an
d
with
a
clea
r
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
ep
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
d
ef
in
itio
n
s
it
is
g
en
er
ated
an
d
cr
ea
ted
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
in
s
tan
ce
s
o
f
t
h
e
n
et_
d
ev
ices
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
wh
er
e
th
er
e
is
tr
a
n
s
latio
n
an
d
th
e
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
k
er
n
el
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
an
d
th
e
s
e
in
s
tan
ce
ar
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
e
x
is
tin
g
n
etwo
r
k
ad
ap
t
er
s
wh
en
th
er
e
is
b
o
o
tin
g
as sh
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
9
-
4
8
6
4
I
n
t J Reco
n
f
ig
u
r
a
b
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
1
,
M
ar
c
h
20
22
:
84
-
92
90
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Netwo
r
k
d
r
i
v
er
m
an
ag
em
en
t
[
2
3
]
I
f
th
e
d
r
iv
er
was
tr
an
s
lated
as
a
k
er
n
el
m
o
d
u
le,
th
en
th
e
d
r
iv
er
its
elf
m
u
s
t
cr
ea
te
a
n
et_
d
ev
ice
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
f
o
r
ea
c
h
ex
is
tin
g
n
et
wo
r
k
a
d
ap
ter
.
T
h
is
ca
n
b
e
d
o
n
e
b
y
th
e
m
o
d
u
le
its
elf
o
r
,
f
o
r
E
t
h
er
n
et
d
r
iv
er
s
,
b
y
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
in
it_
eth
er
d
ev
()
.
3.
VE
RIF
I
CA
T
I
O
N
AN
D
T
E
S
T
I
NG
O
F
CO
NF
I
G
URA
T
I
O
N
AND
E
XI
T
L
O
A
DE
R
M
O
DUL
E
T
h
e
b
u
lk
d
ata
in
teg
r
atio
n
(
B
DI
)
is
in
lo
ad
er
m
o
d
e
wh
e
n
th
er
e
is
n
o
v
alid
f
ir
m
war
e
lo
ad
ed
o
r
co
n
n
ec
ts
to
it with
th
e
s
etu
p
to
o
l.
W
h
ile
in
lo
ad
er
m
o
d
e,
th
e
m
o
d
e
lig
h
t
-
em
itti
n
g
d
io
d
e
(
L
E
D
)
is
f
lash
in
g
.
T
h
e
B
DI
will
n
o
t
r
esp
o
n
d
t
o
n
etwo
r
k
r
eq
u
ests
wh
ile
in
lo
ad
er
m
o
d
e.
T
o
e
x
it
lo
ad
er
m
o
d
e
,
th
e
"
b
d
is
etu
p
-
v
-
s
"
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
.
Als
o
,
p
o
wer
-
o
f
f
th
e
B
DI
,
wait
s
o
m
e
tim
e
(
1
m
in
.
)
an
d
p
o
wer
-
o
n
it
ag
ain
to
ex
it
lo
ad
er
m
o
d
e
.
wh
e
n
th
er
e
is
a
b
o
o
ti
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
co
n
f
ig
u
r
ed
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
a
n
d
th
e
b
o
o
tin
g
th
e
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
th
e
b
ar
c
o
d
e
s
ca
n
n
er
is
tak
in
g
p
l
ac
e
as sh
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
C
o
n
f
ig
u
r
e
t
h
e
tar
g
et
u
s
in
g
B
DI
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
R
ec
o
n
f
ig
u
r
a
b
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&
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m
b
ed
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Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2089
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4
8
6
4
C
u
s
to
miz
a
tio
n
o
f G
P
R
S
,
a
n
d
Wi
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F
i d
ev
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r
ivers
fo
r
P
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u
x
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b
a
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91
Fig
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RE
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NC
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[
1
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V
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s:
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.
[
8
]
Li
n
u
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K
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O
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s
:
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[
9
]
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.
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,
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0
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1
1
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.
A
.
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h
a
n
,
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mm
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b
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p
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1
2
]
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s
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2
0
,
[
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l
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e
]
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A
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:
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s:
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.
[
1
3
]
S
.
K
.
K
w
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,
M
.
G
.
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o
,
a
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d
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.
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.
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h
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n
,
“
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me
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ra
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:
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0
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5
9
.
[
1
4
]
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.
C
.
Le
e
,
S
.
Le
e
,
a
n
d
M
.
H
.
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e
,
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[
1
5
]
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.
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K
.
G
.
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h
i
n
,
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,
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Pa
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