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,
in
s
o
m
e
ca
s
es,
b
ig
d
ata
tech
n
iq
u
es
[
2
0
]
,
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
ies
d
i
v
id
e
d
in
to
p
h
ase
s
to
i
n
te
g
r
ate
i
n
te
r
n
et
o
f
th
i
n
g
(
I
o
T
)
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
[
2
1
]
,
[
2
2
]
an
d
tr
an
s
m
itti
n
g
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
q
u
eu
i
n
g
tele
m
e
tr
y
tr
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
(
MQ
T
T
)
p
r
o
to
co
l
[
2
3
]
.
Oth
er
s
r
esear
ch
es
b
u
ild
s
p
r
o
to
ty
p
es
o
f
a
ir
q
u
alit
y
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
s
ta
tio
n
s
eq
u
ip
p
ed
w
it
h
elec
tr
o
ch
e
m
ical
a
n
d
o
p
tical
s
en
s
o
r
s
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
p
o
llu
tan
t
s
s
u
c
h
as
o
zo
n
e
(
O
3
)
,
s
u
lf
u
r
d
i
o
x
id
e
(
SO
2
)
,
ca
r
b
o
n
m
o
n
o
x
id
e
(
C
O)
an
d
p
ar
ticu
late
m
at
ter
(
P
M)
[
2
4
]
,
[
2
5
]
,
u
s
in
g
f
r
ee
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
to
o
ls
,
s
u
c
h
as
P
y
t
h
o
n
to
p
r
o
ce
s
s
d
ata
[
2
6
]
,
[
2
7
]
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
o
th
er
s
tu
d
ie
s
h
a
v
e
u
s
ed
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
ad
v
an
ce
s
i
n
m
icr
o
elec
tr
o
n
ics
to
cr
ea
te
d
ev
ices
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
p
er
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
elec
tr
o
ch
e
m
ical
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
ts
,
in
te
g
r
ati
n
g
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
w
it
h
g
lo
b
al
s
y
s
te
m
f
o
r
m
o
b
ile
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
s
/
g
e
n
er
al
p
ac
k
et
r
a
d
io
s
er
v
ic
e
(
GSM/GP
R
S)
m
o
d
u
les
[
2
8
]
.
Fo
r
th
ese
r
ea
s
o
n
s
,
th
e
d
esi
g
n
an
d
im
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
a
n
air
q
u
alit
y
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
an
d
m
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t
s
y
s
te
m
at
p
u
b
lic
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
s
to
p
s
i
n
th
e
cit
y
o
f
L
i
m
a
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
T
h
is
s
y
s
te
m
u
s
e
s
s
en
s
o
r
s
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
ts
an
d
co
llect
s
tr
ateg
ic
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
tech
n
o
lo
g
ie
s
s
u
c
h
as
I
o
T
an
d
lo
n
g
r
an
g
e
w
id
e
ar
ea
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
(
L
o
R
aW
AN)
w
ill
b
e
u
s
ed
to
i
n
t
er
co
n
n
ec
t
d
e
v
ices
a
n
d
m
a
k
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
p
u
b
lic.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
ai
m
s
to
m
o
n
it
o
r
an
d
v
is
u
alize
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
d
a
ta
f
r
o
m
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
in
s
p
ec
if
ic
u
r
b
an
ar
ea
s
,
w
it
h
lo
w
p
o
w
er
w
id
e
ar
ea
n
et
w
o
r
k
(
L
P
W
A
N)
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
an
d
an
in
ter
ac
ti
v
e
w
eb
p
latf
o
r
m
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
al
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
ad
d
r
ess
e
s
t
h
e
co
n
ce
r
n
o
f
air
p
o
llu
tio
n
,
b
u
t
also
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
s
s
i
g
n
if
ica
n
tl
y
to
th
e
f
ield
b
y
o
f
f
er
i
n
g
an
ap
p
lied
tech
n
ical
s
o
lu
tio
n
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
a
p
r
ac
ti
ca
l
an
d
s
ca
lab
le
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
o
r
f
u
t
u
r
e
i
m
p
le
m
en
ta
tio
n
s
in
o
th
er
cit
ie
s
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
im
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
an
I
o
T
d
ev
ice,
ca
lled
s
en
s
o
r
n
o
d
e,
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
L
o
R
aW
AN
f
o
r
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
o
f
p
o
llu
ti
n
g
g
a
s
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
s
is
co
n
d
u
cted
.
T
o
d
esig
n
t
h
e
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
t
h
at
c
o
n
n
ec
t
s
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
n
o
d
es,
it
is
ess
e
n
tial
to
k
n
o
w
th
e
d
is
ta
n
ce
s
to
th
e
ce
n
tr
al
n
o
d
e,
w
h
ic
h
d
eter
m
i
n
es
t
h
e
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
an
d
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
,
b
o
th
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
an
d
n
o
n
-
f
u
n
ctio
n
al.
I
n
ter
m
s
o
f
h
ar
d
w
ar
e,
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
s
tatio
n
s
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
f
i
v
e
n
o
d
es
an
d
a
ce
n
tr
al
n
o
d
e
ca
lled
a
g
ate
w
a
y
ar
e
u
s
ed
.
R
eg
ar
d
in
g
t
h
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e,
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
co
o
r
d
in
ate
ac
tio
n
s
f
o
r
r
ea
d
in
g
d
ata
s
en
t
b
y
s
en
s
o
r
n
o
d
es
in
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
s
ta
tio
n
s
,
co
n
n
ec
t
io
n
s
to
a
d
atab
ase
an
d
v
is
u
aliza
t
io
n
u
s
i
n
g
a
w
eb
s
er
v
er
.
T
h
e
d
iag
r
am
,
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
,
ill
u
s
tr
ate
s
t
h
e
co
n
n
ec
ti
o
n
o
f
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
o
d
es
to
th
e
g
ate
w
a
y
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
L
o
R
a
W
A
N,
allo
w
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
e
n
d
in
g
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
to
th
e
i
n
ter
n
et
th
r
o
u
g
h
GP
R
S
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Gen
er
al
s
ch
e
m
e
2
.
1
.
Sy
s
t
em
b
lo
c
k
s
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
's
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
d
esi
g
n
is
o
r
g
a
n
ized
in
to
f
o
u
r
d
is
ti
n
ct
b
lo
ck
s
to
o
p
ti
m
ize
t
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
s
en
s
o
r
b
lo
ck
co
llects
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
an
d
g
as
d
ata.
Su
b
s
eq
u
e
n
tl
y
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
b
lo
ck
r
ec
eiv
es
t
h
e
d
ata
a
n
d
co
n
v
er
ts
th
e
an
a
lo
g
s
ig
n
al
s
to
d
ig
ital,
t
h
e
y
ar
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
an
d
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
ed
f
o
r
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
lo
n
g
r
an
g
e
(
L
o
R
a)
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
s
m
o
d
u
le
(
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
-
r
ec
ep
tio
n
b
lo
ck
)
.
Fi
n
all
y
,
th
e
p
ac
k
et
s
ar
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
w
ir
eless
l
y
b
y
t
h
e
g
ate
w
a
y
n
o
d
e
an
d
th
en
tr
a
n
s
m
it
ted
to
a
d
atab
ase
v
ia
GP
R
S o
v
er
t
h
e
in
ter
n
e
t
(
F
ig
u
r
e
2
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
R
ec
o
n
f
i
g
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ab
le
&
E
m
b
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Sy
s
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I
SS
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A
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q
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o
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in
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s
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a
s
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o
n
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p
o
w
er w
id
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a
r
ea
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r
k
tech
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lo
g
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…
(
R
ica
r
d
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Ya
u
r
i
)
701
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
S
y
s
te
m
b
lo
ck
s
2
.
1
.
1
.
Sens
o
r
no
de
ha
rdw
a
re
blo
cks
B
ased
o
n
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
b
lo
ck
s
,
th
e
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ical
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
u
s
ed
to
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
th
e
m
w
er
e
d
ef
in
e
d
(
Fig
u
r
e
3
)
:
−
T
h
e
s
en
s
o
r
b
lo
ck
h
as
t
w
o
ele
m
en
ts
:
o
n
e
to
m
o
n
ito
r
th
e
lev
els
o
f
C
O
a
n
d
NO
2
,
an
d
a
n
o
t
h
er
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
u
s
i
n
g
a
n
L
M3
5
s
e
n
s
o
r
(
lin
ea
r
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
an
d
3
5
m
o
d
el)
.
T
h
e
C
O
an
d
NO
2
m
o
d
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le
p
er
f
o
r
m
v
o
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m
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r
e
m
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n
t
s
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n
in
p
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ts
A
3
f
o
r
C
O
an
d
in
p
u
t
A
5
f
o
r
NO
2
o
f
th
e
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
m
o
d
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le
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d
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r
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r
e,
t
h
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L
M3
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s
en
s
o
r
is
u
s
ed
.
−
P
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
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d
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n
tr
o
l
b
lo
ck
:
ex
ec
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tio
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o
r
ith
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s
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b
tain
th
e
v
o
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e
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e
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f
t
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L
M3
5
.
Fiv
e
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o
ltag
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v
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e
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tak
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w
it
h
a
d
elay
o
f
3
0
0
m
s
b
et
w
ee
n
ea
ch
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t.
T
h
en
,
th
e
av
er
ag
e
o
f
th
ese
5
v
alu
es
i
s
ca
lc
u
lated
an
d
s
a
v
ed
in
th
e
"
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e"
v
ar
iab
le,
o
b
tain
in
g
a
r
ep
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esen
tati
v
e
v
alu
e.
Vo
lta
g
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
tak
in
g
1
0
v
o
lta
g
e
v
al
u
es
f
o
r
ea
ch
g
a
s
s
e
n
s
o
r
.
−
T
r
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
–
r
ec
ep
tio
n
b
lo
c
k
:
th
e
L
o
R
a
m
o
d
u
le
is
in
te
g
r
at
ed
in
to
th
e
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
b
o
ar
d
an
d
its
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
m
o
d
u
le
is
ac
ce
s
s
ed
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
"
L
o
R
a.
h
"
lib
r
ar
y
to
co
m
m
u
n
i
ca
te
w
i
th
t
h
e
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
T
o
ac
h
iev
e
th
is
,
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
p
in
s
s
la
v
e
s
el
ec
t
(
SS
)
,
r
eset
(
R
ST
)
an
d
DI
0
ar
e
ad
j
u
s
ted
.
On
th
e
o
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er
h
a
n
d
,
th
e
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ate
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o
d
e
r
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e
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ati
o
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r
o
m
th
e
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e
n
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o
r
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es
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d
f
o
r
w
ar
d
s
it
to
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e
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R
S
m
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u
le.
−
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o
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er
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lo
ck
:
it
s
u
p
p
lies
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o
w
e
r
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r
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ted
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it
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d
m
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les
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h
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g
h
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p
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p
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l
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le
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t
co
n
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i
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ate
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e
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r
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m
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e
f
f
ic
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t c
o
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
w
it
h
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/GP
R
S
m
o
d
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le.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Har
d
w
ar
e
b
lo
ck
s
o
f
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h
e
s
e
n
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o
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o
d
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1
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2
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Sens
o
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Fig
u
r
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4
s
h
o
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ts
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te
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ata
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n
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h
e
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g
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d
Mic
r
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5
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r
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s
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o
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g
as
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ea
d
in
g
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e
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its
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ilit
y
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m
ea
s
u
r
e
b
o
th
C
O
an
d
NO
2
(
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
a)
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,
at
an
af
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ab
le
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r
ice,
th
u
s
m
ee
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n
g
t
h
e
p
r
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j
ec
t
r
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q
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ir
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m
e
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ts
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d
p
r
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id
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g
a
co
s
t
-
e
f
f
ec
tiv
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s
o
lu
t
io
n
.
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h
is
d
ev
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m
ee
ts
th
e
r
eq
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ir
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m
e
n
ts
o
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r
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t
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r
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co
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t
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io
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r
te
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p
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r
e,
t
h
e
L
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en
s
o
r
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s
ed
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e
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ec
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a
n
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ar
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O
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ac
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ag
e,
w
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ich
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as 3
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in
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g
u
r
e
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1
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3
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o
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o
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ule
Sev
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ase
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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c)
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t
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h
ich
s
atis
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ie
s
th
e
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o
R
a
m
o
d
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le
r
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ir
e
m
e
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ts
e
f
f
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d
ec
o
n
o
m
icall
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alo
n
g
w
i
th
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
s
s
ee
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
.
I
n
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
th
e
GSM
m
o
d
u
le,
t
h
e
SIM
8
0
0
1
o
f
f
er
s
r
eliab
le
ce
llu
lar
co
n
n
ec
ti
v
it
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an
d
w
id
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er
ag
e.
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t
ta
k
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ad
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a
n
ta
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e
o
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er
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y
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d
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g
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e
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m
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d
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le,
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g
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h
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n
n
ec
ti
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y
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d
co
v
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e
p
r
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v
id
ed
b
y
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e
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m
o
d
u
le.
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h
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
th
e
s
e
tech
n
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ies
m
a
k
e
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m
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n
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en
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th
a
t r
eq
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ir
e
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
co
n
n
ec
t
iv
i
t
y
.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
E
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
s
e
n
s
o
r
f
o
r
(
a)
g
as,
(
b
)
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
,
an
d
(
c)
T
T
GO
L
o
R
a
m
o
d
u
le
2
.
2
.
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f
t
w
a
re
des
ig
n
T
h
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
is
p
r
esen
t
i
n
v
a
r
io
u
s
s
ta
g
es
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
Fi
r
s
tl
y
,
it
is
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
co
llectin
g
an
d
s
en
d
i
n
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te
m
p
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r
e,
C
O,
NO
2
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ata
u
s
in
g
L
o
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s
to
r
in
g
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h
e
m
i
n
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d
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m
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le
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en
t
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g
a
w
eb
ap
p
licatio
n
o
n
t
h
e
i
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ter
n
et
(
Fig
u
r
e
5
)
.
Data
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
e
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al
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co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
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o
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co
n
ta
m
i
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ts
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v
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g
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a
m
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les
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n
o
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er
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o
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e
h
o
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r
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T
h
en
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a
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n
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o
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te
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y
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at
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h
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g
h
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ti
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atio
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er
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n
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tio
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A
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eth
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ad
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s
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to
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e
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ay
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d
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ase
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n
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f
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r
m
r
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d
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en
.
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h
u
s
,
a
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n
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ec
ti
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estab
lis
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ed
,
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d
th
e
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ata
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s
en
t
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ase
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er
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s
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)
.
F
ig
u
r
e
5
.
So
f
t
w
ar
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b
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s
2
.
3
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Web
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r
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ter
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t
h
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er
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er
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th
e
u
s
er
.
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h
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f
r
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o
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al
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ep
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a
p
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s
er
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ter
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w
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b
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v
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HT
ML
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ite
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er
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ices
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y
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T
h
r
ee
tab
les
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e
u
s
ed
i
n
M
y
SQ
L
:
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d
ata
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to
s
to
r
e
s
en
s
o
r
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
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w
it
h
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n
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e
id
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ti
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ier
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,
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to
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to
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t
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e
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ests
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etails
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te
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(
Fig
u
r
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6
)
.
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n
f
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q
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ir
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f
r
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t
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en
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ly
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ter
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ac
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P
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(
Fi
g
u
r
e
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)
.
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I
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.
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