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tech
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as C
NT
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ar
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o
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f
f
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t
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t
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s
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lo
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g
th
r
ee
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ea
s
o
n
s
:
First,
th
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o
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r
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d
th
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d
ev
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s
tr
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d
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MO
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g
n
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f
r
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tili
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C
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ab
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s
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till
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t
h
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m
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as
th
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est
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p
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m
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n
tall
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m
o
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s
tr
ated
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v
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c
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r
r
en
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r
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ca
p
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ate
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co
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[
1
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2
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t
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8
T
SR
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c
ell
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ased
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C
NT
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p
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it
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6
T
SR
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d
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co
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p
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C
NT
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ased
SR
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latio
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3
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an
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2
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(
p
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tech
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m
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f
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Si MO
SF
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[
5
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.
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108
T
h
is
p
ap
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is
o
r
g
an
i
s
ed
in
t
h
e
f
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llo
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n
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h
e
c
h
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ter
is
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p
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f
ea
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r
an
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ar
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tio
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I
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e
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I
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s
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th
e
m
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s
o
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d
w
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te
o
p
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n
s
o
f
th
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p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
8
T
C
NT
FE
T
SR
A
M
ce
ll
a
n
d
t
h
e
s
ch
e
m
es
f
o
r
d
ec
id
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t
h
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u
m
b
er
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f
n
an
o
tu
b
es
o
f
ea
ch
.
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h
e
s
i
m
u
lat
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n
r
e
-
s
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l
ts
ar
e
p
r
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t
ed
in
s
ec
ti
o
n
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V
to
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m
p
ar
e
t
h
e
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f
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r
m
a
n
ce
a
n
d
v
iab
il
it
y
o
f
t
h
e
C
NT
FET
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
w
it
h
t
h
at
C
MO
S
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
a
n
d
f
o
llo
w
ed
b
y
t
h
e
co
n
cl
u
s
io
n
i
n
Sectio
n
V.
2.
CNTFE
T
T
RANS
I
S
T
O
R
C
ar
b
o
n
n
an
o
t
u
b
e
Field
E
f
f
ec
t
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
(
C
NT
FET
s
)
u
tili
s
e
s
e
m
ico
n
d
u
cti
n
g
s
i
n
g
le
-
w
all
C
NT
s
to
ass
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m
b
le
elec
tr
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ev
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s
;
C
NT
FET
s
h
av
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b
ee
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s
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w
n
t
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s
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o
f
th
is
d
e
v
ice
m
a
k
e
s
it
a
v
er
y
p
r
o
m
i
s
i
n
g
alter
n
ati
v
e
to
to
d
a
y
‘
s
C
MO
S
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies.
An
S
W
C
NT
ca
n
ac
t
as
eith
er
a
co
n
d
u
cto
r
o
r
a
s
em
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
a
n
g
l
e
o
f
th
e
ato
m
ar
r
a
n
g
e
m
e
n
t
alo
n
g
t
h
e
tu
b
e.
T
h
is
is
r
ef
er
r
ed
to
as
t
h
e
c
h
ir
alit
y
v
ec
to
r
an
d
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
t
h
e
i
n
te
g
er
p
air
(
n
,
m
)
[
6
]
.
A
s
i
m
p
le
m
et
h
o
d
to
d
eter
m
in
e
i
f
a
ca
r
b
o
n
n
a
n
o
tu
b
e
is
m
etallic
o
r
s
e
m
ico
n
d
u
cti
n
g
is
b
a
s
ed
o
n
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
in
d
ices
(
n
,
m
)
,
i.e
.
th
e
n
a
n
o
tu
b
e
is
m
etall
ic
if
n
=
m
o
r
n
-
m
=3
i
w
h
er
e
i
is
a
n
in
t
eg
er
.
Oth
er
-
w
is
e,
t
h
e
tu
b
e
is
s
e
m
ico
n
d
u
cti
n
g
.
T
h
e
d
ia
m
eter
o
f
t
h
e
C
NT
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
f
r
o
m
[
6
]
as
a
f
u
n
c
tio
n
o
f
m
an
d
n
.
F
ig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
s
c
h
e
m
atic
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
t
h
e
C
NT
FET
[
6
]
.
Si
m
i
lar
to
th
e
s
il
ico
n
d
ev
ice
t
h
e
C
NT
FET
h
as
f
o
u
r
ter
m
i
n
al
s
,
a
d
ielec
tr
ic
f
il
m
is
w
r
ap
p
ed
ar
o
u
n
d
a
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
th
e
u
n
d
o
p
ed
s
em
ico
n
d
u
cti
n
g
n
a
n
o
tu
b
e,
an
d
a
m
etal
g
at
e
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
s
th
e
d
ielec
tr
ic.
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
eq
u
iv
a
-
le
n
t
cir
cu
i
t
m
o
d
el
i
m
p
l
e
m
en
ted
in
HSP
I
C
E
as
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
6
]
.
Hea
v
il
y
d
o
p
ed
C
NT
s
eg
m
en
ts
ar
e
p
lace
d
b
e
-
t
w
ee
n
th
e
g
ate
an
d
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
/d
r
ain
to
allo
w
f
o
r
a
lo
w
s
er
i
e
s
r
esis
ta
n
ce
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
o
n
-
s
tate
[
7
]
.
A
s
t
h
e
g
ate
p
o
ten
tial
i
n
cr
ea
s
es,
t
h
e
d
ev
ice
is
elec
tr
o
s
tatic
-
all
y
tu
r
n
ed
o
n
o
r
o
f
f
v
ia
th
e
g
ate.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
-
v
o
ltag
e
(
I
-
V)
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
th
e
C
NT
FET
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
3
,
an
d
th
e
y
a
r
e
s
i
m
ilar
to
th
o
s
e
o
f
MO
S
FET
.
T
h
e
C
NT
FE
T
d
ev
ice
cu
r
r
en
t
i
s
s
a
t
-
u
r
ated
at
h
ig
h
er
Vd
s
(
d
r
ain
t
o
s
o
u
r
ce
v
o
lta
g
e)
as
ch
an
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el
l
e
n
g
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h
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
as
s
h
o
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n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
3
,
an
d
th
e
o
n
-
c
u
r
-
r
en
t
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
s
d
u
e
to
e
n
er
g
y
o
p
ti
m
is
atio
n
in
th
e
a
x
ial.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Sch
e
m
atic
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
a
ca
r
b
o
n
n
an
-
o
tu
b
e
tr
an
s
is
t
o
r
(
C
NT
FE
T
)
:
(
a)
s
ec
tio
n
al
v
ie
w
; (
b
)
to
p
v
ie
w
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
R
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2089
-
4864
C
o
mp
a
r
is
o
n
a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f th
r
ee
va
lu
e
lo
g
ic
8
T
CN
TFE
T S
R
A
M
ce
ll
w
ith
6
C
MOS
S
R
A
M…
(
S
.
Ta
mil S
elva
n
)
109
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
E
q
u
iv
ale
n
t c
ir
cu
it
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
th
e
in
-
tr
in
s
ic
ch
a
n
n
el
r
eg
io
n
o
f
a
C
NT
FET
3.
T
H
RE
E
VA
L
UE
L
O
G
I
C
D
E
SI
G
N
A
th
r
ee
-
v
alu
e
lo
g
ic
s
y
s
te
m
was
f
ir
s
t
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
b
y
J
an
L
u
k
asie
w
icz,
i
n
1
9
2
0
,
in
its
p
o
p
u
lar
p
ap
er
O
L
o
g
-
ice
T
r
´
o
j
w
ar
k
o
s
cio
e
w
j
[
8
]
,
as
ab
s
tr
ac
tio
n
o
f
th
e
tr
ad
i
-
ti
o
n
al
b
in
ar
y
lo
g
ic.
T
h
r
ee
-
v
al
u
e
lo
g
ic
s
y
s
te
m
h
a
s
b
etter
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
p
r
ev
io
u
s
b
i
n
ar
y
s
y
s
te
m
s
u
ch
as
in
cr
ea
s
ed
b
it
h
a
n
d
lin
g
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
p
er
u
n
it
ar
ea
,
r
e
-
d
u
ce
d
n
u
m
b
er
an
d
co
m
p
lex
i
t
y
o
f
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
t
io
n
s
,
as
w
e
ll a
s
r
ed
u
ce
d
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ac
tiv
e
FET
s
in
s
id
e
a
ch
ip
.
Hen
ce
,
in
t
h
e
cir
cu
i
t
wh
ich
d
es
ig
n
s
b
ase
o
n
t
h
r
ee
-
v
al
-
u
ed
lo
g
ic,
cir
cu
it
s
w
ill
b
e
s
i
m
p
ler
an
d
m
o
r
e
f
le
x
ib
le
also
m
o
r
e
ea
s
y
.
B
y
u
s
i
n
g
T
h
r
ee
-
V
L
h
ig
h
er
SN
M
an
d
less
p
o
w
er
D
y
n
a
m
ic
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
w
i
ll
b
e
ac
h
iev
ed
[
9
,
10
]
.
T
o
o
b
tain
3
v
alu
e
lo
g
ic
s
y
s
te
m
w
e
n
ee
d
t
h
r
ee
v
alu
e
s
,
i
n
co
n
v
e
n
-
tio
n
al
b
in
ar
y
s
y
s
te
m
we
h
av
e
t
w
o
lo
g
ics
v
al
u
es
‗
0
‘
a
n
d
‗
1
‘
,
th
e
s
e
lo
g
ics
r
ep
r
ese
n
ted
b
y
0
V
a
n
d
Vd
d
r
esp
ec
ti
v
e
-
l
y
.
B
y
s
u
p
p
le
m
e
n
ti
n
g
o
n
e
s
tate
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
s
e
t
w
o
lo
g
-
ic
s
o
f
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
b
i
n
ar
y
s
y
s
te
m
ter
n
ar
y
lo
g
ic
s
y
s
te
m
ca
n
b
e
ac
h
iev
ed
.
I
n
3
v
alu
e
lo
g
ic
s
y
s
te
m
v
al
u
es
r
ep
r
e
-
s
e
n
ted
b
y
0
V,
Vd
d
/2
an
d
Vd
d
w
h
ic
h
d
en
o
t
e
‗
0
‘
,
‗
1
‘
an
d
‗
2
‘
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
d
ir
ec
tio
n
at
3
2
-
n
m
(
o
r
less
)
g
ate
le
n
g
th
[
6
]
.
I
n
p
r
in
cip
le,
3
VL
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
m
ea
n
s
o
f
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
d
ata
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
p
er
u
n
i
t
ch
ip
ar
ea
.
T
h
e
s
er
ial
an
d
s
er
ial
-
p
ar
allel
ar
ith
m
etic
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
ca
n
b
e
c
ar
r
ied
o
u
t
f
aster
if
t
h
e
3
v
al
u
e
lo
g
ic
is
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
.
On
e
o
f
th
e
m
ai
n
m
er
its
o
f
3
v
a
lu
e
lo
g
ic
is
t
h
at
it
r
ed
u
ce
s
t
h
e
n
u
m
-
b
er
o
f
r
eq
u
ir
ed
co
m
p
u
tat
io
n
s
tep
s
.
As
ea
ch
in
p
u
t
ca
n
h
a
v
e
t
h
r
ee
d
is
ti
n
ct
v
alu
e
s
,
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
d
i
g
it
s
r
eq
u
ir
ed
in
a
3
V
L
f
a
m
il
y
i
s
lo
g
3
2
ti
m
e
s
le
s
s
t
h
a
n
th
at
r
eq
u
ir
ed
in
b
in
ar
y
lo
g
ic.
I
t
is
ass
u
m
ed
th
at
3
v
al
u
e
lo
g
ic
ele
m
e
n
ts
ca
n
o
p
er
ate
at
a
s
p
ee
d
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
in
g
t
h
at
o
f
t
h
e
co
r
r
e
-
s
p
o
n
d
i
n
g
b
in
ar
y
-
lo
g
ic
ele
m
e
n
ts
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
i
f
t
h
e
3
V
L
a
n
d
b
in
ar
y
lo
g
ic
g
a
t
es
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
ta
k
e
ad
v
an
ta
g
e
o
f
th
e
ir
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
m
er
its
,
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
co
u
ld
b
e
s
ig
n
i
f
i
-
ca
n
tl
y
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
b
e
ca
u
s
e
3
v
alu
e
lo
g
ic
g
ates
ar
e
g
o
o
d
ca
n
d
id
ate
f
o
r
d
ec
o
d
in
g
b
lo
ck
s
i
n
ce
it
r
eq
u
ir
es
less
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
g
a
tes
w
h
ile
b
in
ar
y
lo
g
ic
g
ate
s
ar
e
a
g
o
o
d
ca
n
d
id
ate
f
o
r
f
ast
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
m
o
d
u
le
s
.
T
h
u
s
,
3
v
alu
e
d
es
ig
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
co
m
b
i
n
ed
w
i
th
t
h
e
b
in
ar
y
lo
g
ic
g
ate
d
esi
g
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
also
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
n
ex
ce
llen
t
s
p
ee
d
an
d
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
i
n
m
e
m
o
r
y
cir
cu
it
s
.
T
h
r
ee
v
alu
e
lo
g
ic
f
u
n
ct
io
n
s
ar
e
d
ef
in
ed
as
t
h
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
h
av
i
n
g
co
n
v
in
c
in
g
i
f
a
th
ir
d
v
alu
e
i
s
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
i
n
to
t
h
e
b
i
n
ar
y
lo
g
ic
.
Her
e,
0
,
1
,
a
n
d
2
d
en
o
te
t
h
e
3
lo
g
ic
v
al
u
es
to
r
ep
r
ese
n
t
tr
u
e,
i
n
ter
m
ed
iate,
an
d
f
a
ls
e,
r
esp
ec
-
ti
v
el
y
.
An
y
n
-
v
ar
iab
le
{Z
1
,
.
.
.
,
Z
n
}
3
v
alu
e
lo
g
ic
f
u
n
c
-
tio
n
f
(
Z
)
i
s
d
ef
i
n
ed
as
a
lo
g
i
c
f
u
n
ctio
n
m
ap
p
in
g
{0
,
1
,
2
}
n
to
{0
,
1
,
2
},
w
h
er
e
Z
=
{
Z
1
,
.
.
.
,
Z
n
}.
T
h
e
b
as
ic
o
p
er
a
-
tio
n
s
o
f
3
v
alu
e
lo
g
ic
ca
n
b
e
d
ef
in
ed
as
f
o
llo
w
s
,
w
h
er
e
Z
i,
Z
j
{0
,
1
,
2
}
Z
i
|
Z
j
=
m
a
x
{
Z
i,
Z
j
}
Z
i
&
Z
j
=
m
in
{
Z
i,
Z
j
}
Zi
=
2
−
Z
i
W
h
er
e
―
−‖
d
en
o
tes
t
h
e
ar
ith
m
etic
s
u
b
tr
ac
tio
n
,
t
h
e
o
p
er
-
ati
o
n
s
―|
,
‖
―
&
,
‖
a
n
d
―
−‖
ar
e
r
ef
er
r
ed
to
as
th
e
O
R
,
A
ND,
an
d
NOT
in
3
v
alu
e
lo
g
ic,
r
esp
ec
ti
v
el
y
.
T
h
e
3
v
alu
e
lo
g
ic
g
a
tes
ar
e
d
esi
g
n
ed
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
co
n
v
e
n
-
tio
n
d
e
f
in
ed
i
n
ab
o
v
e
eq
u
atio
n
.
Her
e
w
o
r
k
t
h
e
s
e
t
{
0
,
1
,
2
}
is
u
s
ed
,
w
h
er
e
0
=
f
al
s
e,
1
=
in
ter
m
ed
iate,
an
d
2
=
tr
u
e.
T
ab
le
1
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
tr
u
th
tab
le
o
f
all
t
h
e
b
asic 3
V
al
-
u
e
lo
g
ic
g
ates.
T
h
e
ch
o
ice
o
f
th
e
s
e
v
al
u
e
s
lead
s
in
a
m
o
r
e
n
at
u
r
al
w
a
y
th
e
ad
a
p
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
id
ea
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
b
in
ar
y
lo
g
ic
.
4.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
8
T
CN
T
F
E
T
S
RAM
CE
L
L
A
n
e
w
3
VL
8
T
C
NT
FET
SR
A
M
ce
ll
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
th
i
s
p
ap
er
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
SNM
an
d
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
SR
AM
ce
ll.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
20
89
-
4864
I
n
t J
R
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
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ab
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
ly
2
0
1
9
:
1
0
7
–
1
1
3
110
4
.
1
.
8
T
SRAM
Cell
D
esig
n
T
h
e
n
ee
d
o
f
8
T
-
SR
A
M
h
a
s
o
r
i
g
in
a
ted
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
f
ac
t t
h
at
t
h
e
6
T
SR
A
M
h
as
m
o
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e
p
o
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n
s
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m
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d
les
s
i
m
m
u
n
it
y
to
n
o
is
e
v
o
ltag
e
d
u
r
in
g
r
ea
d
o
p
er
atio
n
as
a
s
m
all
n
o
is
e
v
o
lta
g
e
i
s
en
o
u
g
h
to
f
lip
th
e
d
ata.
Desig
n
i
n
g
a
n
e
f
f
icie
n
t
ca
c
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
w
it
h
8
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
in
b
asic
S
R
A
M
ce
ll
p
r
o
v
id
es
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
s
tab
ilit
y
a
n
d
g
o
o
d
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
m
e
m
o
r
y
s
p
ee
d
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
8
T
SR
AM
ce
ll
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
b
ased
o
n
C
NT
FET
s
,
w
h
er
e
th
e
w
r
i
te
an
d
r
ea
d
b
its
ar
e
s
ep
ar
ated
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
r
ea
d
cy
cle.
I
n
8
T
SR
A
M
o
n
l
y
th
e
W
r
ite
b
it
is
u
s
ed
to
w
r
ite
f
o
r
b
o
th
―
0
‖
an
d
―
1
‖
d
ata,
w
h
ile
B
I
T
an
d
B
I
T
lin
es
ar
e
u
tili
ze
d
f
o
r
w
r
iti
n
g
d
ata
in
th
e
co
n
v
en
t
io
n
al
6
T
SR
A
M.
T
h
e
w
r
iti
n
g
o
p
er
atio
n
s
tar
ts
b
y
b
r
ea
k
in
g
t
h
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
lo
o
p
o
f
th
e
cr
o
s
s
-
co
u
p
led
i
n
v
er
t
er
.
Du
r
in
g
r
ea
d
o
p
er
atio
n
,
th
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
lo
o
p
is
m
ai
n
tai
n
ed
.
T
h
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
lo
o
p
is
d
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
b
y
s
etti
n
g
W
r
ite
b
it
to
―
1
‖.
I
n
t
h
is
ca
s
e,
SR
A
M
m
e
m
o
r
y
ce
ll
h
a
s
j
u
s
t
t
w
o
ca
s
ca
d
ed
in
v
er
ter
s
.
T
h
e
W
b
it
li
n
e
v
o
ltag
e
d
ec
id
es
t
h
e
d
ata
th
at
is
g
o
i
n
g
to
b
e
w
r
itte
n
in
to
S
R
A
M
ce
ll.
T
h
e
W
b
it
l
in
e
tr
an
s
f
er
s
t
h
e
i
n
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
in
p
u
t
d
ata
to
Q2
(
ce
ll
d
ata)
,
w
h
ic
h
d
r
i
v
es
th
e
o
t
h
er
ca
s
ca
d
ed
i
n
v
er
ter
to
g
et
Q
_
b
ar
.
T
h
e
W
b
it
lin
e
h
as
to
b
e
p
r
e
-
ch
ar
g
ed
b
e
f
o
r
e
an
d
af
ter
ea
c
h
w
r
i
te
o
p
er
atio
n
.
W
h
e
n
w
r
iti
n
g
"
0
"
d
ata,
th
er
e
is
n
o
.
Di
s
c
h
ar
g
i
n
g
at
W
B
it
li
n
e
s
o
n
eg
lig
ib
le
p
o
w
er
is
co
n
s
u
m
ed
.
B
u
t
w
r
it
i
n
g
‗
1
‘
d
ata
at
Q2
,
th
e
d
y
n
a
m
i
c
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
t
io
n
is
s
a
m
e
as
6
T
SR
A
M
ce
l
l
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
W
B
it
lin
e
h
as
to
b
e
d
is
ch
ar
g
ed
to
g
r
o
u
n
d
lev
el.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
8
T
SR
A
M
ce
ll
is
m
o
r
e
p
o
w
er
ef
f
icien
t
in
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
w
ith
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
o
n
e
s
b
ec
au
s
e
d
u
r
in
g
w
r
ite
o
p
er
atio
n
,
th
e
cir
cu
it
d
o
es
n
o
t
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
is
ch
ar
g
i
n
g
f
o
r
ev
er
y
w
r
i
te
o
p
er
atio
n
b
u
t
d
is
ch
ar
g
es
o
n
l
y
wh
en
w
r
iti
n
g
―
1
‖
d
ata,
an
d
th
e
d
is
ch
ar
g
i
n
g
ac
ti
v
it
y
f
ac
to
r
o
f
th
e
W
B
it lin
e
i
s
les
s
t
h
an
1
.
F
ig
u
r
e
3
.
C
ir
cu
it d
ia
g
r
a
m
f
o
r
8
T
C
NT
FE
T
SR
A
M
ce
ll
T
h
e
R
b
it
lin
e
h
as
to
b
e
p
r
e
-
ch
ar
g
ed
b
ef
o
r
e
an
y
r
ea
d
o
p
er
a
tio
n
.
Du
r
i
n
g
r
ea
d
o
p
er
atio
n
,
R
ea
d
b
it
is
―h
ig
h
‖
an
d
W
r
ite
b
it
is
lo
w
,
wh
ich
s
et
tu
r
n
i
n
g
ON
co
n
d
itio
n
f
o
r
N5
&
N6
.
W
h
en
Q2
="
0
",
t
h
e
tr
an
s
is
to
r
N4
is
OFF
m
a
in
ta
in
i
n
g
th
e
R
b
it
lin
e
at
th
e
p
r
e
-
ch
ar
g
ed
v
a
lu
e,
w
h
i
ch
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
ce
ll
d
ata
Q2
h
o
l
d
s
―
0
‖.
On
th
e
o
t
h
er
s
id
e,
w
h
e
n
ce
ll
d
ata
Q2
=
―
1
‖,
b
o
th
th
e
tr
a
n
s
i
s
to
r
s
N4
an
d
N
6
ar
e
ON
w
h
ich
m
a
k
es
t
h
e
R
b
it
lin
e
to
b
e
d
r
o
p
p
ed
at
f
e
w
m
illi
v
o
lts
,
w
h
ich
i
s
q
u
i
te
en
o
u
g
h
f
o
r
d
etec
tio
n
in
th
e
s
en
s
e
a
m
p
li
f
ier
.
I
n
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
8
T
S
R
A
M
ce
l
l
d
esig
n
,
th
e
d
ev
ice
s
izi
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
r
ea
d
ze
r
o
p
ath
w
it
h
p
u
ll
d
o
w
n
tr
an
s
is
to
r
N4
an
d
N6
is
m
ad
e
8
an
d
6
ti
m
es
lar
g
er
to
g
e
t
a
q
u
ick
er
d
is
c
h
a
r
g
e
p
ath
to
g
r
o
u
n
d
.
I
n
th
i
s
d
e
s
ig
n
,
t
w
o
P
C
NT
FET
(
P
1
,
N5
)
w
it
h
o
n
e
t
u
b
e,
t
w
o
NC
NT
FET
s
(
N2
,
N3
)
w
ith
t
wo
tu
b
es,
o
n
e
P
-
t
y
p
e
C
NT
FET
(
P
2
)
w
it
h
t
w
o
t
u
b
e,
o
n
e
NC
N
T
FE
T
(
N1
)
w
i
th
o
n
e
tu
b
e,
ar
e
u
tili
ze
d
f
o
r
p
r
o
p
er
f
u
n
ct
io
n
alit
y
an
d
s
h
o
r
ter
d
elay
at
th
e
m
in
i
m
al
co
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
ch
ip
ar
ea
o
v
er
h
ea
d
.
C
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
C
MO
S
S
R
A
M
c
ell
w
it
h
a
tr
an
s
is
to
r
len
g
t
h
o
f
3
2
n
m
,
a
C
NT
FET
SR
A
M
ce
ll
o
f
f
er
s
a
s
i
g
n
i
f
ican
t
s
av
i
n
g
in
c
h
ip
ar
ea
.
5.
SI
M
UL
AT
I
O
N
R
E
S
UL
T
S
6
T
SR
AM
an
d
3
VL
8
T
SR
A
M
ce
ll
s
ar
e
d
esig
n
ed
u
s
i
n
g
b
u
lk
C
M
OS
an
d
C
NT
FET
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
s
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
-
l
y
.
H
SP
I
C
E
s
i
m
u
l
atio
n
s
ar
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
at
1
8
n
m
tec
h
-
n
o
lo
g
y
n
o
d
e
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
Stan
f
o
r
d
C
NT
FET
m
o
d
el
a
n
d
th
e
P
r
ed
ictiv
e
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
Mo
d
el
(
PT
M)
t
o
co
m
p
ar
e
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
3
VL
8
T
C
NT
FE
T
an
d
6
T
C
MO
S SR
A
M
ce
lls
.
5
.
1
.
Si
m
ula
t
io
n s
et
up
T
h
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
s
i
m
u
latio
n
o
f
3
V
L
8
T
SR
A
M
ce
ll
u
s
i
n
g
C
NT
FET
.
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
:
L
ch
(
p
h
y
s
ical
c
h
an
n
el
le
n
g
t
h
)
=
3
2
.
0
n
m
,
L
s
s
(
th
e
len
g
t
h
o
f
t
h
e
d
o
p
ed
C
NT
d
r
ain
-
s
id
e/so
u
r
ce
-
s
id
e
ex
ten
s
io
n
r
e
g
io
n
)
=
1
8
.
0
n
m
,
E
f
i
(
Fer
m
i
le
v
el
o
f
t
h
e
d
o
p
ed
S/D
tu
b
e)
=
0
.
6
eV,
T
o
x
(
T
h
e
th
ic
k
n
e
s
s
o
f
h
i
g
h
-
k
to
p
g
a
te
d
i
elec
tr
ic
m
ater
ial)
=
4
.
0
n
m
,
(
n
1
,
n
2
)
(
ch
ir
alit
y
o
f
t
u
b
e)
=
(
1
9
,
0
)
,
p
itch
=
1
0
n
m
,
V
f
b
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
R
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2089
-
4864
C
o
mp
a
r
is
o
n
a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f th
r
ee
va
lu
e
lo
g
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8
T
CN
TFE
T S
R
A
M
ce
ll
w
ith
6
C
MOS
S
R
A
M…
(
S
.
Ta
mil S
elva
n
)
111
an
d
Vf
b
p
(
Flat
-
b
a
n
d
v
o
lta
g
e
f
o
r
n
-
C
NT
FET
an
d
p
-
C
NT
FET
)
=
0
.
0
eV
an
d
0
.
0
e
V,
p
h
y
s
ica
l
g
ate
len
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V.
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CO
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h
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ased
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u
r
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ased
8
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esp
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o
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s
u
p
p
l
y
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
R.
Ch
a
u
,
S
.
Da
tt
a
,
M
.
D
o
c
z
y
,
B.
Do
y
le,
B.
Jin
,
J.
Ka
v
a
li
e
ro
s,
A
.
M
a
ju
m
d
a
r,
a
n
d
M
.
Ra
d
o
sa
v
li
jev
ic,
―
Be
n
c
h
m
a
rk
in
g
n
a
n
o
tec
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l
o
g
y
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ig
h
-
p
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o
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m
a
n
c
e
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n
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p
o
w
e
r
lo
g
ic
tran
sisto
r
a
p
-
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,‖
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
Na
n
o
tec
h
n
o
l
.
,
v
o
l.
4
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
5
3
-
1
5
8
,
M
a
r.
2
0
0
5
.
[2
]
Jie
De
n
g
,
―
De
v
ice
m
o
d
e
li
n
g
a
n
d
c
ircu
it
p
e
rf
o
r
-
m
a
n
c
e
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
fo
r
n
a
n
o
sc
a
le
d
e
v
ice
s:
sili
c
o
n
tec
h
n
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l
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y
b
e
y
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d
4
5
n
m
n
o
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e
a
n
d
c
a
rb
o
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a
n
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o
tu
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e
f
ield
e
ff
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c
t
tran
sisto
rs,‖ Diss
e
rtatio
n
,
Ju
n
e
.
2
0
0
7
.
[3
]
J.
De
n
g
a
n
d
H.
-
S
.
P
.
W
o
n
g
,
"
A
Circu
it
-
Co
m
p
a
ti
b
le
S
P
ICE
m
o
d
e
l
f
o
r
En
h
a
n
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m
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t
M
o
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Ca
rb
o
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Na
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o
tu
b
e
F
ield
Eff
e
c
t
T
ra
n
sisto
rs,"
P
r
o
c
.
I
n
tl
.
Co
n
f.
S
im
u
la
ti
o
n
o
f
S
e
mic
o
n
d
u
c
to
r
Pro
c
e
ss
e
s
a
n
d
De
v
ice
s
,
p
p
.
1
6
6
-
1
6
9
,
S
e
p
t.
,
2
0
0
6
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
R
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2089
-
4864
C
o
mp
a
r
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o
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a
n
a
lysi
s
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f th
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va
lu
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lo
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ic
8
T
CN
TFE
T S
R
A
M
ce
ll
w
ith
6
C
MOS
S
R
A
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(
S
.
Ta
mil S
elva
n
)
113
[4
]
I
Am
lan
i,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
F
irst
De
m
o
n
s
tratio
n
o
f
A
C
G
a
in
F
ro
m
a
S
in
g
le
-
w
a
ll
e
d
Ca
rb
o
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n
o
tu
b
e
Co
m
-
m
o
n
-
S
o
u
rc
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Am
p
li
f
ier,"
P
ro
c
.
I
n
tl
.
El
e
c
tro
n
D
e
-
v
ice
s M
e
e
ti
n
g
,
P
a
p
e
r
2
0
.
7
,
De
c
.
,
2
0
0
6
.
[5
]
Be
rk
e
le
y
P
re
d
ictiv
e
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
M
o
d
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l
w
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b
site
[
On
li
n
e
].
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
:/
/w
ww
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a
s.as
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d
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h
tm
l
[6
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S
tan
f
o
rd
Un
iv
e
rsity
CNFE
T
M
o
d
e
l
w
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b
site [
On
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li
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e
]
.
A
v
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:
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:/
/
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a
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sta
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.
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/m
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l.
p
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?
id
=
2
3
[7
]
J.
A
p
p
e
n
z
e
ll
e
r,
―
Ca
rb
o
n
Na
n
o
t
u
b
e
s f
o
r
Hig
h
-
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
[8
]
J.
De
n
g
a
n
d
H.
-
S
.
P
.
W
o
n
g
,
―
A
Co
m
p
a
c
t
S
P
ICE
m
o
d
e
l
f
o
r
c
a
rb
o
n
-
n
a
n
o
tu
b
e
f
ield
-
e
ffe
c
t
tran
sisto
rs
in
c
lu
d
i
n
g
n
o
n
id
e
a
li
ti
e
s
a
n
d
it
s
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
—
P
a
rt
II:
F
u
ll
d
e
v
i
c
e
m
o
d
e
l
a
n
d
c
ircu
it
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
b
e
n
c
h
m
a
rk
in
g
,
‖
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.E
lec
tro
n
De
v
ice
,
v
o
l.
5
4
,
n
o
.
1
2
,
p
p
.
3
1
9
5
–
3
2
0
5
,
De
c
.
2
0
0
7
.
[9
]
J.
De
n
g
a
n
d
H.
-
S
.
P
.
W
o
n
g
,
―
A
Co
m
p
a
c
t
S
P
ICE
m
o
d
e
l
f
o
r
c
a
rb
o
n
-
n
a
n
o
tu
b
e
f
ield
-
e
ffe
c
t
tran
sisto
rs
in
c
lu
d
i
n
g
n
o
n
id
e
a
li
ti
e
s
a
n
d
it
s
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
—
P
a
rt
II:
F
u
ll
d
e
v
ice
m
o
d
e
l
a
n
d
c
ircu
it
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
b
e
n
c
h
m
a
rk
in
g
,
‖
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.E
lec
tro
n
De
v
ice
,
v
o
l.
5
4
,
n
o
.
1
2
,
p
p
.
3
1
9
5
–
3
2
0
5
,
De
c
.
2
0
0
7
.
[1
0
]
L
u
c
a
sie
w
i
c
z
,
Ja
n
O
L
o
g
ice
T
r
´
o
jw
a
r
k
o
sc
io
e
w
j
En
g
li
sh
tran
sla
ti
o
n
:
On
th
re
e
-
v
a
lu
e
d
lo
g
ic,
i
n
L
.
B
o
rk
o
w
sk
i
(e
d
.
),
S
e
lec
ted
w
o
rk
s b
y
Ja
n
L
u
k
a
sie
w
i
c
z
,
No
rth
-
Ho
l
lan
d
,
Am
ste
rd
a
m
,
1
9
7
0
,
p
p
.
8
7
-
88
[1
1
]
S
.
L
in
,
Y.
B.
Kim
,
a
n
d
F
.
L
o
m
b
a
rd
i,
―
T
h
e
CNT
F
ET
-
b
a
se
d
d
e
sig
n
o
f
tern
a
ry
lo
g
ic
g
a
tes
a
n
d
a
rit
h
m
e
ti
c
c
ircu
it
s,‖
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
s.
N
a
n
o
tec
h
n
o
l.
,
v
o
l.
1
0
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
1
7
–
2
2
5
,
M
a
r.
2
0
1
1
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.