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in
[
1
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.
W
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ited
av
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[
2
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.
J
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A
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[
3
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,
p
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f
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m
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f
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eq
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s
[
4
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an
d
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ca
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s
u
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f
ac
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p
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p
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I
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13
an
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av
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is
s
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d
an
al
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d
[
5
,
6
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.
P
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[
7
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an
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p
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[
8
]
.
R
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I
o
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[
9
]
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Yo
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Sa
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[
1
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n
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
an
ten
n
a
i
s
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
b
y
p
o
l
ar
izatio
n
p
ar
allel
to
an
ten
n
a
a
x
is
.
I
n
t
h
is
ar
ticle,
a
g
r
ap
h
e
n
e
-
b
ased
n
a
n
o
-
a
n
te
n
n
a
o
p
er
atin
g
at
ter
ah
er
tz
b
an
d
is
m
o
d
eled
an
d
i
s
an
al
y
ze
d
u
s
in
g
f
i
n
ite
d
i
f
f
er
en
ce
ti
m
e
d
o
m
a
in
(
FDT
D)
m
et
h
o
d
u
s
i
n
g
co
m
m
er
cial
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
ex
p
lo
its
t
h
e
b
eh
av
io
r
o
f
s
u
r
f
a
ce
p
las
m
a
p
o
lar
ito
n
in
o
r
d
er
to
ac
h
iev
e
s
ize
r
ed
u
ct
io
n
an
d
t
o
o
p
er
ate
at
l
o
w
er
b
an
d
f
r
eq
u
en
cie
s
s
i
m
u
ltan
eo
u
s
l
y
.
P
ar
a
m
etr
ic
an
al
y
s
i
s
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
n
th
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
th
ick
n
es
s
an
d
its
p
er
m
i
tti
v
it
y
(
Ɛ
)
an
d
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
s
o
f
a
g
r
ap
h
e
n
e
la
y
er
o
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
s
o
f
a
n
ten
n
a
i
m
p
ed
a
n
ce
s
an
d
its
r
ad
iatio
n
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
b
tain
ed
ar
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
a
tr
ad
itio
n
al
an
te
n
n
a
m
ad
e
o
f
m
e
tallic
m
ater
ial
a
n
d
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el
ac
h
iev
e
s
g
o
o
d
r
ad
iatio
n
an
d
im
p
ed
a
n
ce
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
w
it
h
g
r
ea
ter
r
ed
u
ctio
n
i
n
s
ize
h
a
v
in
g
h
al
f
th
e
s
ize
o
f
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
n
a
n
o
-
a
n
ten
n
a.
T
h
u
s
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
m
o
d
el
is
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
estab
lis
h
in
g
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
i
n
w
ir
eles
s
n
a
n
o
-
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
.
2.
P
RINCI
P
L
E
O
F
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
ANT
E
NNA
D
E
S
I
G
N
2
.
1
.
Su
rf
a
ce
pla
s
m
a
po
la
rit
o
n (
SPP
)
Su
r
f
ac
e
p
las
m
a
p
o
lar
ito
n
(
SP
P
)
w
av
e
s
ar
e
g
en
er
ated
at
th
e
in
ter
f
ac
e
b
et
w
ee
n
t
w
o
m
etal
b
y
p
ass
i
n
g
elec
tr
o
n
s
in
to
th
e
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
etal.
T
h
ese
w
av
e
s
p
r
o
p
ag
ate
at
m
u
c
h
s
lo
w
er
s
p
ee
d
alo
n
g
th
e
i
n
ter
f
ac
e
an
d
v
ir
tu
a
ll
y
in
cr
ea
s
e
t
h
e
elec
tr
ica
l
len
g
th
o
f
t
h
e
an
te
n
n
a
w
h
en
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
le
n
g
th
o
f
t
h
e
an
ten
n
a.
Hen
ce
r
eso
n
a
te
at
m
u
ch
lo
w
e
r
f
r
eq
u
en
cie
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el
e
x
p
lo
its
t
h
is
p
r
in
c
ip
le
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
o
v
er
all
s
ize
o
f
th
e
a
n
te
n
n
a
a
n
d
th
er
eb
y
m
a
k
e
it s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
n
an
o
-
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
s
.
2
.
2
.
G
eo
m
et
ry
o
f
pro
po
s
ed
a
nte
nn
a
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
g
en
er
ate
SP
P
w
a
v
es,
a
s
o
u
r
ce
i
s
n
ee
d
ed
to
in
j
ec
t
elec
tr
o
n
s
i
n
th
e
s
u
p
er
s
tr
ate
m
ed
i
u
m
.
A
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
p
atch
an
ten
n
a
o
f
s
ize
9
0
0
n
m
x
9
0
0
n
m
x
1
n
m
i
s
ch
o
s
e
n
to
o
p
er
ate
at
1
0
0
T
Hz
n
ea
r
-
in
f
r
ar
ed
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
a
n
d
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
i
s
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
a)
.
T
h
is
is
in
co
n
f
lict
w
it
h
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
R
F
an
ten
n
a
d
esi
g
n
.
I
n
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
d
ip
o
le
an
ten
n
a
d
esig
n
s
,
t
h
e
h
eig
h
t
o
f
th
e
a
n
ten
n
a
is
d
ir
ec
tl
y
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
to
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
w
av
e
len
g
t
h
w
h
ich
is
g
i
v
e
n
b
y
h
≈
λ
/2
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
i
s
r
elatio
n
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
ap
p
lied
at
o
p
ti
ca
l
f
r
eq
u
en
c
ies
in
n
an
o
-
an
te
n
n
as
s
in
ce
t
h
e
r
ad
iatio
n
e
m
itted
p
ier
ce
s
in
to
th
e
m
etal
an
d
g
e
n
e
r
ates
f
r
ee
elec
tr
o
n
o
s
cillatio
n
s
alo
n
g
th
is
s
u
r
f
ac
e.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
f
o
r
n
a
n
o
-
a
n
te
n
n
as,
t
h
e
len
g
t
h
i
s
n
o
t
d
ir
ec
t
l
y
r
elate
d
w
i
th
it
s
w
a
v
ele
n
g
t
h
λ
a
n
d
h
e
n
ce
t
h
e
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
n
a
n
o
-
a
n
t
en
n
a
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
a
s
h
o
r
ter
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
w
av
e
len
g
t
h
λ
ef
f
<
λ
w
h
ich
ar
e
d
ep
en
d
en
t
o
n
n
a
n
o
-
a
n
ten
n
a
’
s
m
ater
ial
p
r
o
p
er
ties
[
1
1
]
g
iv
en
b
elo
w
.
=
1
+
2
[
]
(
1
)
W
h
er
e
is
t
h
e
p
la
s
m
a
w
av
e
len
g
th
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
m
etallic
m
ater
ial
u
s
ed
i
n
n
a
n
o
-
a
n
ten
n
a
an
d
n
1
an
d
n
2
ar
e
co
ef
f
icie
n
ts
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
n
an
o
-
an
te
n
n
a
m
ater
ia
l
p
r
o
p
e
r
ties
.
Fo
r
a
s
in
g
le
an
te
n
n
a
ele
m
e
n
t
h
a
v
i
n
g
r
ad
iu
s
R
a
n
d
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t ε
th
e
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
w
a
v
elen
g
th
i
s
g
i
v
e
n
b
y
=
2
(
1
+
2
)
−
4
(
2
)
T
h
e
p
atch
is
m
o
d
eled
o
n
r
o
g
er
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
h
av
in
g
a
p
er
m
i
tti
v
i
t
y
(
Ɛ
)
o
f
2
.
2
an
d
a
th
ick
n
es
s
o
f
3
6
n
m
.
T
h
e
len
g
t
h
a
n
d
w
id
t
h
o
f
r
o
g
e
r
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
is
ta
k
e
n
as
1
8
0
0
n
m
x
1
8
0
0
n
m
.
F
ig
u
r
e
1
(
b
)
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
g
eo
m
etr
y
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
n
an
o
-
a
n
te
n
n
a.
A
g
l
ass
m
ater
ial
h
av
i
n
g
a
p
er
m
itt
iv
it
y
(
Ɛ
)
o
f
2
.
5
is
tak
e
n
as
a
d
ielec
tr
ic
m
ed
iu
m
.
Mu
ltil
a
y
er
g
r
ap
h
e
n
e
is
co
ated
o
n
th
e
g
las
s
d
ielec
tr
ic
m
ed
iu
m
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
20
89
-
4864
I
n
t J
R
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
2
0
2
0
:
1
2
-
18
14
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Geo
m
e
tr
y
o
f
n
an
o
-
a
n
ten
n
a
;
(
a)
Di
m
en
s
io
n
o
f
p
atc
h
an
te
n
n
a
w
h
ic
h
ac
t
s
a
s
o
u
r
ce
to
ex
cite
SP
P
w
a
v
es,
(
b
)
Fin
al
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
e
a
n
ten
n
a
w
it
h
m
u
l
tila
y
er
g
r
ap
h
en
e
3.
P
ARAM
E
T
RIC AN
A
L
Y
SI
S
T
h
e
p
er
m
i
tti
v
it
y
(
Ɛ
)
o
f
th
e
m
ater
ial
an
d
th
e
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
g
r
ap
h
e
n
e
(
L
)
la
y
er
a
f
f
ec
t
s
th
e
o
v
er
all
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
an
te
n
n
a
an
d
h
en
ce
p
ar
a
m
e
tr
ic
an
al
y
s
i
s
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
n
th
ese
p
ar
am
e
te
r
s
an
d
its
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
an
ten
n
a
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
is
s
t
u
d
ied
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
w
s
ef
f
ec
t
s
o
n
ch
a
n
g
i
n
g
p
er
m
itti
v
it
y
(
Ɛ
)
o
f
t
h
e
u
p
p
er
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
o
n
o
p
er
atin
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
th
e
a
n
te
n
n
a.
T
h
r
ee
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
d
ielec
tr
ic
m
a
ter
ia
ls
h
a
v
in
g
a
wid
e
v
ar
iatio
n
in
p
er
m
itti
v
it
y
(
Ɛ
)
is
ch
o
s
e
n
a
n
d
it
s
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
o
p
er
atin
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
is
s
h
o
w
n
.
I
t
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
g
l
ass
m
a
ter
ial
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
w
ell
w
h
en
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
air
an
d
r
o
g
er
s
u
b
s
tr
ate.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
E
f
f
ec
t o
f
m
ater
ial
p
e
r
m
itti
v
it
y
(
Ɛ
)
o
n
an
ten
n
a
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
R
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2089
-
4864
A
co
mp
a
ct
g
r
a
p
h
en
e
b
a
s
ed
n
a
n
o
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a
n
ten
n
a
fo
r
co
mmu
n
ica
tio
n
in
n
a
n
o
-
n
etw
o
r
k
(
M.
S
a
r
a
va
n
a
n
)
15
Fig
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
e
f
f
ec
t
o
f
l
en
g
t
h
o
f
t
h
e
g
r
ap
h
e
n
e
co
at
o
n
an
ten
n
a
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
I
t
i
s
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
w
it
h
an
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
th
e
le
n
g
th
o
f
t
h
e
g
r
ap
h
e
n
e
co
at,
t
h
e
an
te
n
n
a
r
eso
n
ate
s
to
w
ar
d
s
t
h
e
lo
wer
b
an
d
.
I
t
i
s
d
u
e
to
th
e
f
ac
t
t
h
at
w
h
e
n
th
e
g
r
ap
h
e
n
e
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
i
s
less
er
th
a
n
th
e
o
v
er
all
s
u
r
f
ac
e
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
g
la
s
s
m
ater
ial,
th
e
i
n
ter
f
ac
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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I
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Ma
r
ch
2
0
2
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2
-
18
18
RE
F
E
R
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NC
E
S
[1
]
Ju
n
se
i
Ho
rik
a
w
a
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
Ev
a
lu
a
ti
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f
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l
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n
te
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id
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f
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re
d
De
tec
to
rs,"
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fra
re
d
Ph
y
sic
s
&
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e
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h
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o
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o
g
y
,
v
o
l.
6
7
,
p
p
.
21
-
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4
,
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0
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4
.
[2
]
I.
L
latse
r
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
G
ra
p
h
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n
e
-
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h
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.
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.
4
,
p
p
.
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5
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–
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2
.
[3
]
Ia
n
F
.
A
k
y
il
d
iz
a
n
d
Jo
se
p
M
iq
u
e
l
Jo
rn
e
t,
"
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e
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tro
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ti
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w
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ss
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se
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v
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l.
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.
[4
]
Jo
se
p
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rn
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d
Ia
n
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.
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ra
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s,"
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ted
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o
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1
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1
2
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pp.
6
8
5
-
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3
.
[5
]
L
ong
Ju
,
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l.
,
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ra
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las
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o
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tera
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m
e
ta
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teria
ls,"
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tu
re
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o
l.
,
v
o
l.
6
,
pp.
6
3
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–
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4
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2
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1
.
[6
]
M
o
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f
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.
[7
]
J.
Do
rfm
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ll
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t
a
l.
,
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las
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s:
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tt
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,
v
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l.
1
0
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no.
9
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p
p
.
3
5
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6
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3
,
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0
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.
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]
T.
P
a
lac
io
s,
A
.
Hs
u
a
n
d
H.
W
a
n
g
,
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p
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s M
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l.
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6
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p
p
.
1
2
2
–
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2
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0
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0
.
[9
]
Re
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to
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v
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e
,
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rd
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a
rp
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a
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g
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A
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o
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ra
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ra
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rtz Ban
d
,
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Ad
v
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n
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e
s in
N
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n
o
p
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rticle
s
,
v
o
l.
3
,
p
p
.
72
-
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6
,
2
0
1
4
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0
]
Be
d
ir
B.
Yo
u
sif
a
n
d
A
h
m
e
d
S
.
S
a
m
r
a
,
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d
e
li
n
g
o
f
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ti
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a
l
Na
n
o
a
n
ten
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a
s,"
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y
sic
s
Res
e
a
rc
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In
ter
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ti
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l
,
pp.
1
-
1
0
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2
0
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2
.
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1
]
L
.
No
v
o
tn
y
,
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ff
e
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w
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v
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len
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Rev
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,
v
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8
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RS
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ra
v
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n
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rn
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M
a
rc
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1
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8
9
.
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re
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(Co
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ro
m
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iv
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.
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d
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re
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in
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h
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g
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d
ia.
His res
e
a
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h
in
tere
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c
lu
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ra
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.
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rtme
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o
f
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c
tro
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m
m
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.
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is
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h
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tern
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tern
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ro
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ss
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g
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.