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ar
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n
et
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o
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k
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r
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s
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tr
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is
m
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y
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m
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k
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m
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m
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ased
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n
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m
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u
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o
f
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it
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D
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(
C
lo
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k
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l)
,
cr
ed
it si
g
n
al
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a
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VC
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id
.
•
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co
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l si
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w
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e
e
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s
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f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
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in
p
u
t f
r
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m
th
e
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ter
.
•
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co
n
l
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s
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g
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al
ca
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d
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y
n
c
h
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n
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g
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
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io
n
.
•
VC
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id
-
s
a
m
e
as
v
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t
u
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c
h
an
n
el
(
VC
)
id
en
t
if
ier
,
a
s
w
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e
cr
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it
s
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it h
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f
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er
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f
o
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th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Fiv
e
p
o
r
t N
o
C
r
o
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ter
ar
ch
itectu
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A
ll
th
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it a
lt
h
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p
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t p
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r
ts
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
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0
8
9
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I
J
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6
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No
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2
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J
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1
7
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5
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0
108
An
ad
d
itio
n
al,
f
o
llo
w
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g
t
h
e
d
eter
m
in
at
io
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f
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th
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et
w
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k
to
p
o
lo
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y
i
s
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s
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a
ll
y
s
elec
ti
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g
th
e
p
r
o
p
er
r
o
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tin
g
alg
o
r
it
h
m
w
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ic
h
ca
n
b
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th
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r
esp
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s
ib
le
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d
eter
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o
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g
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lace
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n
at
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.
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o
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e
r
o
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t
in
g
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g
o
r
ith
m
d
ep
en
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s
u
p
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n
a
n
u
m
b
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etr
ics
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k
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ci
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s
u
m
p
tio
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f
o
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r
o
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ti
n
g
;
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in
i
m
ize
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ti
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g
m
ap
s
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ev
elo
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ed
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ce
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ar
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m
p
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n
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o
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l
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o
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m
a
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ce
b
y
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ea
s
in
g
d
ela
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as
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ell
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s
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n
cr
ea
s
i
n
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tr
a
f
f
ic
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s
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g
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o
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t
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e
n
et
w
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k
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
m
an
y
li
k
el
y
r
o
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tin
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
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s
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f
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w
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k
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h
ip
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f
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tin
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al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
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s
u
all
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to
m
a
k
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s
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t
h
at
all
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ata
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k
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a
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n
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n
in
s
p
ite
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f
th
at
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o
r
ith
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s
ch
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s
en
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t
m
a
y
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ca
teg
o
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ized
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to
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t
y
p
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k
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-
m
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a
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d
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.
3.
RO
UT
I
N
G
A
L
G
O
RI
T
H
M
S
a.
Dete
r
m
i
n
is
t
ic
A
lg
o
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it
h
m
Dete
r
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is
t
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o
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ti
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g
alg
o
r
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h
m
s
r
o
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te
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e
s
tab
lis
h
ed
li
k
e
a
p
u
r
p
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s
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o
f
th
e
d
es
tin
a
tio
n
ad
d
r
ess
;
th
u
s
th
e
r
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u
lt
i
s
o
b
v
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s
l
y
a
s
i
m
i
l
ar
r
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te
f
o
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th
e
s
a
m
e
s
et
o
f
t
wo
n
o
d
es.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
b
ec
o
m
e
m
o
r
e
ac
cu
r
ate,
w
e
’
r
e
ab
le
to
in
d
icate
in
th
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
o
f
r
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u
ti
n
g
is
d
is
ti
n
ct
a
s
o
f
o
b
liv
io
u
s
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o
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ti
n
g
.
w
it
h
i
n
o
b
liv
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o
u
s
,
r
o
u
ti
n
g
tab
les
th
at
co
n
tai
n
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
o
u
tp
u
t
ch
a
n
n
e
ls
is
m
ad
e
u
p
an
d
th
e
p
ac
k
et
s
elec
ts
in
v
o
lv
in
g
th
e
s
e
p
r
ed
ef
in
ed
p
ath
s
.
T
h
e
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
r
o
u
te
is
s
elec
te
d
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
s
ev
er
al
al
ter
n
at
iv
e
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
.
W
h
en
i
t
co
m
e
s
to
a
d
eter
m
i
n
is
t
ic
r
o
u
tin
g
alg
o
r
it
h
m
,
a
p
ar
ticu
l
ar
estab
lis
h
ed
p
ath
ca
n
b
e
ac
h
ie
v
in
g
f
o
r
th
e
p
ac
k
et
ea
ch
an
d
ev
er
y
s
tep
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
w
e
ar
r
i
v
ed
at
co
n
cl
u
d
in
g
w
h
ich
d
eter
m
i
n
is
t
ic
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
ar
e
in
s
en
s
ib
le,
as
t
h
e
alter
n
ati
v
e
is
n
o
t
all
th
e
ti
m
e
s
tr
u
e,
an
d
al
s
o
t
h
e
d
eter
m
i
n
is
tic
r
o
u
ti
n
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
u
s
u
a
ll
y
f
o
llo
w
th
e
s
h
o
r
test
p
ath
.
P
r
o
b
ab
ly
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
g
en
er
all
y
u
s
ed
k
i
n
d
o
f
d
eter
m
i
n
is
tic
r
o
u
tin
g
is
X
Y
r
o
u
tin
g
,
an
alter
n
ativ
e
o
f
d
i
m
e
n
s
i
o
n
al
r
o
u
tin
g
.
b.
A
d
ap
tiv
e
R
o
u
t
in
g
A
l
g
o
r
ith
m
An
o
th
er
r
o
u
ti
n
g
t
y
p
e
is
A
d
a
p
tiv
e
r
o
u
ti
n
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
d
i
f
f
er
en
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
d
eter
m
i
n
is
ti
c
r
o
u
tin
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
an
d
ad
ap
tiv
e
r
o
u
ti
n
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
,
i
s
w
i
th
i
n
A
d
ap
tiv
e
r
o
u
ti
n
g
alg
o
r
it
h
m
a
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
p
r
o
v
id
e
m
u
ltip
le
p
ath
to
tr
a
v
el
i
n
t
h
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
n
o
d
e,
w
h
ic
h
is
p
o
s
s
ib
l
y
lead
to
a
l
ess
s
h
o
r
t
p
ath
.
T
h
e
tr
af
f
ic
f
ac
ts
ea
c
h
a
n
d
e
v
er
y
p
o
s
s
ib
le
n
o
d
e
ca
n
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
in
ad
ap
tiv
e
r
o
u
ti
n
g
alg
o
r
it
h
m
i
f
t
h
e
c
h
o
ice
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s
p
er
f
ec
t
f
o
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tr
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n
s
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h
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m
ess
a
g
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to
t
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n
ex
t
li
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k
a
t
ea
c
h
i
n
ter
m
ed
iate
n
o
d
e.
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d
ap
tiv
e
r
o
u
tin
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
o
u
tp
er
f
o
r
m
s
d
eter
m
in
is
tic
r
o
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t
in
g
al
g
o
r
it
h
m
i
n
ir
r
eg
u
lar
tr
af
f
ic
[
1
0
]
.
c.
C
lu
s
ter
i
n
g
A
l
g
o
r
ith
m
B
ased
H
ier
ar
ch
ical
R
o
u
tin
g
(
C
A
B
H
R
)
T
h
e
d
ea
d
lo
ck
f
r
ee
is
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
s
tr
ate
g
y
in
n
et
w
o
r
k
an
d
v
ar
io
u
s
r
o
u
ti
n
g
alg
o
r
it
h
m
s
h
av
e
p
lan
n
ed
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
t
h
e
s
a
m
e.
T
h
e
h
ier
ar
ch
ical
r
o
u
ti
n
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
m
eth
o
d
is
s
u
g
g
ested
b
y
R
.
Ho
ls
m
ar
k
et
al.
T
h
e
h
ier
ar
ch
ical
r
o
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ti
n
g
w
o
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k
,
ea
ch
s
u
b
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
ac
h
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v
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t
h
e
r
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n
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f
u
n
ctio
n
b
y
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n
ter
n
a
l
r
o
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ti
n
g
alg
o
r
it
h
m
an
d
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ch
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u
b
n
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i
s
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
ted
w
it
h
g
lo
b
al
r
o
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ti
n
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
.
I
n
t
h
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p
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s
ter
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n
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o
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ith
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b
ased
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ar
ch
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ti
n
g
lo
g
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s
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
.
T
h
e
w
h
o
le
n
et
w
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r
k
is
d
i
v
id
ed
in
to
a
n
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m
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ter
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n
d
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s
ize
ca
n
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e
v
ar
ied
is
d
eter
m
i
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ed
b
y
n
et
w
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k
s
ize
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
clu
s
ter
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
ar
e
s
ep
ar
ate
n
et
w
o
r
k
a
n
d
also
th
e
r
o
u
ter
s
d
o
n
o
t
b
o
th
er
ab
o
u
t
o
th
er
clu
s
ter
s
[
9
]
.
I
n
th
i
s
w
o
r
k
,
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
ize
s
4
×
4
n
et
w
o
r
k
ar
c
h
itect
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r
e,
it is
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
f
o
u
r
cl
u
s
ter
s
an
d
ea
ch
h
a
v
i
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g
f
o
u
r
r
o
u
ter
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Desig
n
f
lo
w
o
f
clu
s
t
er
in
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
b
ased
h
ier
ar
c
h
ical
r
o
u
tin
g
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
R
E
S
I
SS
N:
2089
-
4864
N
OC
B
a
s
ed
R
o
u
ter A
r
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itectu
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e
Desig
n
Th
r
o
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h
Dec
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p
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R
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S
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(
A
.
K
a
limu
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)
109
C
lu
s
ter
i
n
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
,
t
h
e
cl
u
s
ter
h
ea
d
f
i
n
d
s
t
h
e
n
ea
r
est
ac
ti
v
e
n
o
d
e
in
t
h
e
n
e
i
g
h
b
o
r
clu
s
te
r
an
d
th
en
it
f
o
r
w
ar
d
s
its
d
ata
to
i
t.
Fro
m
all
th
e
cl
u
s
ter
h
ea
d
s
th
e
d
ata
r
ea
ch
es
t
h
e
s
i
n
k
n
o
t
d
ir
ec
tl
y
,
b
u
t
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
a
s
el
f
o
r
g
an
ized
e
f
f
ic
ien
t
r
o
u
ti
n
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
a
c
lu
s
t
er
in
g
alg
o
r
it
h
m
ca
n
b
e
to
g
en
er
ate
an
d
m
ain
tain
lin
k
ed
c
lu
s
ter
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
is
d
ef
i
n
ed
as
t
h
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
w
h
ic
h
a
n
o
d
e
is
ac
tu
a
ll
y
r
ea
ch
ab
le
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
n
y
o
th
er
n
o
d
e.
T
h
e
clu
s
ter
i
n
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
in
cl
u
d
es
t
w
o
s
ta
g
es:
t
h
e
s
et
u
p
an
d
also
th
e
m
ain
ten
a
n
ce
.
A
l
g
o
r
ith
m
s
d
i
f
f
er
in
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t
s
f
o
r
s
elec
ti
n
g
clu
s
ter
-
h
ea
d
s
w
it
h
i
n
clu
s
ter
s
et
u
p
s
ta
g
e.
Selecti
n
g
cl
u
s
ter
-
h
ea
d
s
o
p
ti
m
al
l
y
i
s
an
NP
h
ar
d
p
r
o
b
lem
.
E
ac
h
an
d
ev
er
y
n
o
d
e
ca
n
b
e
a
clu
s
ter
-
h
ea
d
w
h
e
n
it
h
as
t
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
f
u
n
ctio
n
a
lit
y
,
lik
e
co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
tr
an
s
m
i
tti
n
g
p
o
w
e
r
,
clu
s
ter
-
h
ea
d
s
o
p
er
ate
in
d
u
al
p
o
w
er
m
et
h
o
d
,
in
cr
ea
s
ed
p
o
w
er
m
o
d
e
f
o
r
in
ter
clu
s
ter
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
.
3
.
1
Ro
uting
F
un
ct
io
n
T
h
e
C
lu
s
ter
i
n
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
b
as
ed
h
ier
ar
ch
ical
r
o
u
tin
g
f
u
n
cti
o
n
in
itial
l
y
r
eq
u
ir
es
d
ata
o
f
h
ea
d
er
f
lit
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
p
ac
k
et
w
h
ic
h
p
r
o
v
id
es
th
e
d
est
in
at
io
n
r
o
u
ter
ad
d
r
ess
as
w
e
ll
as
cl
u
s
ter
id
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
w
it
h
th
e
s
a
m
e
c
lu
s
ter
-
id
,
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
r
o
u
ter
-
id
,
an
d
al
s
o
d
esti
n
atio
n
r
o
u
ter
id
w
h
e
n
d
esti
n
atio
n
r
o
u
ter
w
i
th
i
n
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
clu
s
ter
.
a.
Co
ns
ider
t
he
ca
s
e
1
:
I
n
t
h
e
h
ea
d
er
f
lit
d
ata,
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
t
wo
clu
s
ter
-
id
s
a
n
d
r
o
u
ter
ad
d
r
ess
ca
n
b
e
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
t
h
en
t
h
e
r
elate
d
p
o
r
t
is
s
et
to
t
h
e
lo
ca
l
I
P
o
r
P
E
s
.
I
f
n
o
t,
in
ter
n
al
r
o
u
ti
n
g
is
ca
lled
w
i
t
h
d
est
in
at
io
n
r
o
u
ter
ad
d
r
ess
.
b.
Co
ns
ider
t
he
ca
s
e
2
:
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
cl
u
s
ter
id
s
ar
e
d
if
f
er
en
t,
t
h
e
e
x
ter
n
al
r
o
u
ti
n
g
w
o
r
k
is
i
n
v
o
k
ed
h
a
v
i
n
g
clu
s
ter
-
id
an
d
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
r
o
u
t
er
-
id
.
T
h
e
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
r
o
u
ter
is
ap
p
ly
i
n
g
lo
g
ical
co
n
ce
p
t
to
co
n
s
id
er
b
o
th
in
ter
n
a
l
an
d
e
x
ter
n
al
r
o
u
ti
n
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
.
T
h
e
r
o
u
ter
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
C
lu
s
ter
i
n
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
b
as
ed
h
ier
ar
ch
ical
r
o
u
tin
g
is
d
esi
g
n
ed
w
i
th
e
x
tr
a
co
n
ce
p
ts
ar
e,
T
h
e
co
m
p
ar
ato
r
to
co
m
p
ar
e
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
ad
d
r
ess
as
w
ell
a
s
cu
r
r
en
t a
d
d
r
ess
w
it
h
cl
u
s
ter
-
i
d
s
,
T
h
e
m
u
ltip
le
x
er
to
s
elec
t r
o
u
ti
n
g
f
u
n
ct
io
n
to
b
e
d
o
n
e
w
h
eth
e
r
it is
in
ter
n
al
o
r
g
lo
b
al.
Data
p
ac
k
et
f
o
r
m
at
(
a
)
w
h
e
n
th
e
d
est
in
at
io
n
w
i
th
i
n
s
a
m
e
clu
s
ter
(
a
)
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
d
esti
n
ati
o
n
w
it
h
i
n
d
if
f
er
e
n
t c
l
u
s
ter
is
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
.
a
b
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Data
p
ac
k
et
f
o
r
m
at
(
a)
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
w
i
th
i
n
s
a
m
e
cl
u
s
ter
(
b
)
w
h
en
t
h
e
d
es
tin
atio
n
w
it
h
in
d
if
f
er
e
n
t c
l
u
s
ter
4.
SI
M
UL
AT
I
O
N
R
E
S
UL
T
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
e
x
p
ec
ted
r
o
u
ter
ar
ch
itec
tu
r
e
ab
o
u
t
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ar
e
i
n
v
est
ig
at
in
g
in
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
f
o
r
4
×4
No
C
s
.
I
n
t
h
is
r
o
u
ter
s
ar
e
s
i
m
u
lated
u
s
in
g
VHD
L
b
ased
No
C
.
I
n
t
h
e
r
o
u
ter
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
all
in
p
u
t
p
o
r
ts
h
a
v
e
4
V
ir
tu
al
C
h
an
n
el
w
it
h
t
h
e
s
ize
o
f
f
o
u
r
f
l
it
s
as
w
ell
a
s
t
h
e
p
ac
k
et
le
n
g
th
is
f
i
x
ed
to
1
6
f
lit
s
[
1
1
,
1
2
]
.
T
o
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
th
e
ef
f
icie
n
t
o
f
alg
o
r
it
h
m
s
o
n
No
C
s
,
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
alo
n
g
w
it
h
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
is
ass
u
m
ed
a
s
e
v
al
u
atio
n
m
etr
ic
s
.
T
o
co
n
clu
d
e
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
s
o
f
t
h
ese
alg
o
r
it
h
m
s
ar
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
f
o
r
to
r
u
s
No
C
ar
ch
itec
tu
r
es
w
it
h
f
i
x
ed
p
ac
k
et
s
ize.
T
h
e
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
f
o
r
d
ata
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
i
o
n
f
r
o
m
s
o
u
r
ce
to
d
esti
n
atio
n
u
s
i
n
g
d
eter
m
in
is
ti
c,
ad
ap
tiv
e,
C
A
B
HR
as
w
ell
a
s
th
e
m
o
d
if
ied
r
o
u
ter
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
u
s
in
g
C
A
B
HR
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
ar
e
d
escr
ib
ed
in
t
h
e
v
alu
e
s
ar
e
lis
ted
in
T
ab
le
1
u
n
d
er
p
ac
k
et
s
ize
o
f
5
1
2
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Sim
u
latio
n
R
e
s
u
l
t
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
(
S
i
mu
l
a
t
i
o
n
T
i
me
-
6
0
se
c
o
n
d
s)
P
o
w
e
r
C
o
n
s
u
mp
t
i
o
n
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
(
p
a
c
k
e
t
s/
t
i
me
)
D
e
t
e
r
mi
n
i
st
i
c
A
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
0
.
2
8
5
w
3
1
0
1
A
d
a
p
t
i
v
e
A
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
0
.
3
0
3
w
3
0
2
1
.
0
5
C
B
H
R
A
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
0
.
2
6
9
w
3
7
6
5
.
4
3
3
P
r
o
p
o
se
d
r
o
u
t
e
r
u
s
i
n
g
C
A
B
H
R
A
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
0
.
1
7
4
w
4
3
3
3
.
4
2
1
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
:
2
0
8
9
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4
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I
J
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No
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,
J
u
l
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7
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10
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11
0
110
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
No
C
r
o
u
ter
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
in
t
h
is
p
ap
er
co
n
t
ain
s
a
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
h
ar
i
n
g
m
et
h
o
d
s
in
th
e
in
p
u
t
s
alo
n
g
w
i
th
th
e
cr
o
s
s
b
ar
u
s
i
n
g
C
A
B
H
R
al
g
o
r
ith
m
to
a
ch
iev
in
g
h
i
g
h
er
n
et
w
o
r
k
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
it
is
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
u
n
d
er
lar
g
e
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
I
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
h
o
w
m
a
n
y
o
f
I
P
o
r
P
E
s
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
&
d
ea
d
lo
ck
a
n
d
th
a
t r
o
u
ter
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
i
n
No
C
ar
e
li
k
el
y
to
b
e
h
elp
f
u
l to
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
lo
w
co
s
t
f
au
lt
to
ler
an
t.
T
h
is
m
et
h
o
d
also
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
b
etter
s
o
lu
tio
n
to
p
r
ev
en
t
d
ea
d
lo
ck
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
A
n
e
w
lo
g
ica
l a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
C
l
u
s
ter
i
n
g
a
lg
o
r
it
h
m
b
ased
Hier
ar
ch
ical
R
o
u
tin
g
(
C
A
B
H
R
)
co
u
ld
b
e
an
al
y
ze
d
f
o
r
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
p
o
w
er
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ca
n
b
e
e
v
alu
ated
f
o
r
t
h
e
w
h
o
le
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
u
s
,
t
h
e
o
u
t
co
m
e
s
s
p
ec
if
ic
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
o
u
ter
d
esig
n
s
h
o
w
s
b
etter
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
w
h
e
n
it c
o
m
es to
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
A
b
d
u
l
Qu
a
iy
u
m
A
n
sa
ri,
M
o
h
a
m
m
a
d
Ra
sh
id
A
n
sa
ri,
a
n
d
M
o
h
a
m
m
a
d
Ay
o
u
b
Kh
a
n
.
“
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
o
f
v
a
rio
u
s p
a
ra
m
e
ter
s o
f
n
e
tw
o
rk
-
on
-
c
h
ip
f
o
r
d
if
fe
re
n
t
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
”
.
IND
ICON
,
2
0
1
5
A
n
n
u
a
l
IEE
E,
p
a
g
e
s 1
–
4
.
[2
]
Bjerre
g
a
a
rd
T
&
M
a
h
a
d
e
v
a
n
S
,
“
A
S
u
rv
e
y
o
f
Re
se
a
rc
h
a
n
d
P
r
a
c
ti
c
e
s
o
f
Ne
t
w
o
rk
-
on
-
Ch
ip
,
”
A
CM
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
S
u
rv
e
y
s,
2
0
0
6
.
[3
]
U
m
it
Y.
O
g
ra
s
a
n
d
M
a
rc
u
les
c
u
R,
“
No
C
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
p
ti
m
iz
a
ti
o
n
v
ia
lo
n
g
-
ra
n
g
e
li
n
k
i
n
se
rti
o
n
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s o
n
V
e
ry
Larg
e
S
c
a
le
In
teg
ra
ti
o
n
(
V
L
S
I)
S
y
ste
m
s,
2
0
0
6
.
[4
]
F
e
rn
a
n
d
o
M
o
ra
e
s et.
a
l.
“
A
L
o
w
A
re
a
Ov
e
rh
e
a
d
P
a
c
k
e
t
-
s
w
it
c
h
e
d
Ne
tw
o
rk
On
Ch
ip
:
A
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
a
n
d
P
r
o
to
ty
p
in
g
”
.
In
IF
I
P
-
V
e
ry
L
a
r
g
e
S
c
a
le In
teg
ra
t
io
n
S
y
ste
m
o
n
Ch
ip
(
V
L
S
I
-
S
o
C),
2
0
0
3
.
[5
]
P
a
les
i
M
.
,
Da
n
e
sh
tala
b
M
.
“
R
o
u
ti
n
g
A
lg
o
rit
h
m
s in
Ne
t
w
o
rk
s
-
on
-
Ch
ip
,
”
S
p
ri
n
g
e
r
Ed
it
i
o
n
,
2
0
1
4
.
[6
]
M
o
sta
f
a
S
h
a
h
iri
,
M
o
jt
a
b
a
V
a
li
n
a
taj,
“
A
Re
li
a
b
le
a
n
d
Hig
h
-
P
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
Ne
t
w
o
rk
-
on
-
Ch
ip
R
o
u
ter
T
h
ro
u
g
h
De
c
o
u
p
led
Re
so
u
rc
e
S
h
a
ri
n
g
”
IEE
E
In
t
.
Co
n
f
.
2
0
1
6
.
[7
]
D.
Ra
h
m
a
ti
e
t
a
l.
,
P
o
w
e
r
-
e
ff
icie
n
t
d
e
term
in
isti
c
a
n
d
a
d
a
p
ti
v
e
ro
u
ti
n
g
i
n
t
o
ru
s
n
e
tw
o
rk
s
-
on
-
c
h
i
p
,
M
icro
p
ro
c
e
ss
.
M
icro
sy
st,
2
0
1
1
.
[8
]
Ch
o
n
g
P
.
H.J.
“
A
S
u
rv
e
y
o
f
Clu
ste
rin
g
S
c
h
e
m
e
s
f
o
r
M
o
b
il
e
A
d
Ho
c
Ne
t
w
o
rk
s,”
IEE
E
Co
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
ti
o
n
s
S
u
rv
e
y
s
a
n
d
T
u
to
rials,
2
0
0
5
.
[9
]
Ho
lsm
a
r
k
R,
“
A
M
e
th
o
d
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
De
a
d
lo
c
k
F
re
e
Ro
u
ti
n
g
i
n
Hie
ra
rc
h
ica
l
Ne
t
w
o
rk
s
o
n
Ch
ip
,
”
A
CM
/IE
EE
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
y
m
p
o
siu
m
o
n
Ne
t
w
o
rk
s
-
on
-
Ch
ip
,
2
0
0
9
.
[1
0
]
M
a
rc
e
ll
o
Co
p
p
o
la,
M
il
t
o
s
D.
G
r
a
m
m
a
ti
k
a
k
is,
Ric
c
a
rd
o
L
o
c
a
telli
,
G
iu
se
p
p
e
M
a
ru
c
c
ia,
L
o
re
n
z
o
P
ie
ra
li
si
.
De
si
g
n
s
o
f
c
o
st
-
e
ff
ici
e
n
t
in
terc
o
n
n
e
c
t
p
r
o
c
e
ss
in
g
u
n
it
s,
S
p
i
d
e
rg
o
n
S
T
No
C.
2
0
0
8
b
y
CRC p
re
ss
.
[1
1
]
S
h
a
h
iri
,
M
o
sta
f
a
,
M
o
jt
a
b
a
V
a
li
n
a
taj,
a
n
d
Am
ir
M
.
Ra
h
m
a
n
i.
"
A
re
li
a
b
le
a
n
d
h
ig
h
-
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
N
e
tw
o
rk
-
on
-
Ch
ip
ro
u
t
e
r
th
r
o
u
g
h
d
e
c
o
u
p
led
re
so
u
rc
e
sh
a
rin
g
.
"
Hig
h
P
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
&
S
im
u
latio
n
(HP
CS
)
,
2
0
1
6
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
.
IE
E
E,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
2
]
U.
S
a
ra
v
a
n
a
k
u
m
a
r,
R.
Ra
n
g
a
ra
j
a
n
,
R.
Ha
rip
riy
a
,
R.
Nith
y
a
a
n
d
K.
Ra
jas
e
k
a
r,
"
Clu
ste
r
Ba
se
d
Hie
ra
rc
h
ica
l
Ro
u
ti
n
g
A
l
g
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
Ne
t
w
o
rk
o
n
Ch
i
p
,
"
Circu
it
s an
d
S
y
ste
m
s,
V
o
l.
4
No
.
5
,
p
p
.
4
0
1
-
4
0
6
,
2
0
1
3
.
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