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Rec
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s
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er
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ttp
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r
es.ia
esco
r
e.
co
m
Efficien
t
a
da
ptati
o
n of t
he
K
a
ra
tsu
ba
alg
o
rithm f
o
r
implem
enti
ng
on
FP
G
A very
larg
e
sca
le multiplie
rs f
o
r
cryp
tog
ra
phic alg
o
rithms
Wa
lder
Andre
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
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e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
ter E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
Ro
y
a
l
M
il
it
a
ry
Co
l
leg
e
o
f
Ca
n
a
d
a
,
Ca
n
a
d
a
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
S
T
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
Ju
l
11
,
2
0
20
R
ev
is
ed
Sep
2
8
,
2
0
20
Acc
ep
ted
Oct
8
,
2
0
20
He
re
,
we
p
re
se
n
t
a
m
o
d
ifi
e
d
v
e
rs
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
Ka
ra
tsu
b
a
a
lg
o
r
it
h
m
t
o
fa
c
il
it
a
te
th
e
F
P
G
A
-
b
a
se
d
imp
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
th
re
e
sig
n
e
d
m
u
lt
ip
li
e
rs:
3
2
-
b
i
t
×
3
2
-
b
it
,
128
-
b
it
x
1
2
8
-
b
it
,
a
n
d
5
1
2
-
b
it
×
5
1
2
-
b
it
.
We
a
lso
imp
lem
e
n
t
t
h
e
c
o
n
v
e
n
t
io
n
a
l
32
-
b
it
×
3
2
-
b
it
m
u
lt
i
p
li
e
r
fo
r
c
o
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
p
u
rp
o
se
s.
Th
e
Ka
ra
tsu
b
a
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
is
p
re
fe
ra
b
le
f
o
r
m
u
lt
i
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
w
it
h
v
e
ry
larg
e
o
p
e
ra
n
d
s
su
c
h
a
s 6
4
-
bi
t
×
6
4
-
b
it
,
1
2
8
-
b
it
×
1
2
8
-
b
it
,
2
5
6
-
b
it
×
2
5
6
-
b
it
,
5
1
2
-
b
it
×
5
1
2
-
b
it
m
u
lt
i
p
li
e
rs
a
n
d
u
p
.
Ex
p
e
rime
n
tal
re
su
lt
s sh
o
w t
h
a
t
t
h
e
Ka
ra
tsu
b
a
m
u
lt
ip
li
e
r
u
se
s les
s h
a
rd
wa
re
in
th
e
F
P
G
A
c
o
m
p
a
re
d
to
th
e
c
o
n
v
e
n
ti
o
n
a
l
m
u
l
ti
p
l
ier.
T
h
e
Xili
n
x
x
c
7
k
3
2
5
tfb
g
9
0
0
F
P
G
A
u
si
n
g
th
e
G
e
n
e
sis
2
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
b
o
a
rd
is
u
se
d
t
o
imp
lem
e
n
t
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
sc
h
e
m
e
.
Th
e
re
su
l
ts
o
b
tain
e
d
a
re
p
ro
m
isin
g
f
o
r
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
th
a
t
re
q
u
ire
ra
p
id
imp
lem
e
n
tatio
n
a
n
d
re
c
o
n
fig
u
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
c
ry
p
to
g
ra
p
h
ic alg
o
rit
h
m
s.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
128
-
b
it ×
1
2
8
-
b
it m
u
ltip
lier
512
-
b
it ×
5
1
2
-
b
it m
u
ltip
lier
C
r
y
p
to
g
r
ap
h
ic
k
ey
FP
GA
Kar
atsu
b
a
m
u
ltip
lier
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
W
ald
er
An
d
r
e
,
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
E
lectr
ical
an
d
C
o
m
p
u
ter
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
R
o
y
al
Militar
y
C
o
lleg
e
,
B
o
x
1
7
0
0
0
,
Statio
n
Fo
r
ce
s
,
Kin
g
s
to
n
,
On
tar
io
,
K
7
K
7
B
4
,
C
an
ad
a
.
E
m
ail:
wald
er
.
an
d
r
e@
p
o
ly
m
tl.c
a
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
n
ee
d
to
p
r
o
tect
d
ata
an
d
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
is
cr
u
cial;
it
ca
n
m
ak
e
th
e
d
if
f
e
r
en
ce
b
etwe
en
life
an
d
d
ea
th
.
Mo
r
e
p
a
r
ticu
lar
ly
,
in
th
e
m
ilit
ar
y
f
ield
,
win
n
i
n
g
a
wa
r
r
elies
h
ea
v
ily
o
n
th
e
p
r
o
tectio
n
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
[
1
]
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
k
e
y
s
is
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
ea
n
s
u
s
ed
t
o
p
r
eser
v
e
th
e
au
th
e
n
ticity
,
c
o
n
f
id
en
tiality
,
n
o
n
-
d
en
ial,
a
n
d
in
teg
r
ity
o
f
th
e
d
ata.
E
n
cr
y
p
ted
m
ess
ag
es
u
s
e
cr
y
p
to
g
r
ap
h
ic
k
ey
s
,
w
h
ich
ar
e
a
b
in
a
r
y
n
u
m
b
e
r
r
an
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
0
to
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
b
elo
w
s
h
o
ws an
ex
am
p
le
o
f
a
b
lo
ck
d
ia
g
r
am
to
e
n
cr
y
p
t a
m
e
s
s
ag
e
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Me
s
s
ag
e
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
9
-
4
8
6
4
I
n
t J Reco
n
f
ig
u
r
a
b
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
3
,
No
v
e
m
b
er
2
0
2
0
:
235
–
2
4
1
236
T
h
e
lo
n
g
er
th
e
cr
y
p
t
o
g
r
a
p
h
ic
k
ey
,
t
h
e
m
o
r
e
r
o
b
u
s
t
its
d
ec
r
y
p
tio
n
.
T
h
e
le
n
g
th
o
f
th
e
k
ey
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
p
r
o
tec
tio
n
d
esire
d
to
ac
h
iev
e.
T
h
er
e
f
o
r
e,
t
h
e
n
at
u
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
is
s
io
n
an
d
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
h
ea
v
ily
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
th
e
len
g
th
o
f
a
k
ey
.
An
d
f
in
ally
,
it d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
s
ev
er
ity
o
f
th
e
d
a
m
ag
e
th
at
co
u
ld
o
cc
u
r
if
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
is
in
ter
ce
p
te
d
an
d
d
ec
r
y
p
ted
.
Mo
s
t
o
f
th
e
cr
y
p
t
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
a
r
e
v
er
y
d
if
f
icu
lt
to
d
ec
ip
h
er
;
th
e
th
e
o
r
etica
l
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
ar
e
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
[
2
]
.
As
with
an
y
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
,
we
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
lo
t
o
f
ar
ith
m
etica
l o
p
er
atio
n
s
,
an
d
we
n
ee
d
t
o
f
in
d
m
eth
o
d
s
to
a
cc
eler
ate
th
ese
b
asic
ar
ith
m
eti
c
o
p
er
atio
n
s
.
T
h
ese
m
eth
o
d
s
ar
e
g
ea
r
ed
to
war
d
s
t
h
e
m
u
ltip
licatio
n
o
f
lar
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
s
.
Key
s
ar
e
r
an
g
in
g
in
len
g
th
f
r
o
m
6
4
b
its
to
4
0
9
6
b
its
d
ep
e
n
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
lev
el
we
wan
t
to
ac
h
iev
e
an
d
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
th
e
k
ey
g
en
er
ato
r
u
s
ed
t
o
g
en
er
ate
th
em
.
As we
s
aid
b
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
lo
n
g
e
r
th
e
cr
y
p
to
g
r
ap
h
ic
k
ey
s
,
th
e
s
tr
o
n
g
er
th
e
cr
y
p
to
g
r
ap
h
ic
alg
o
r
ith
m
will
b
e.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
we
h
a
v
e
th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
AE
S
-
1
2
8
,
DH,
DSA,
R
SA
-
307
2
,
SH
A
-
2
5
6
,
an
d
E
C
DH,
E
C
DSA
-
2
5
6
p
r
esen
t
a
s
ec
u
r
ity
lev
el
o
f
1
2
8
b
is
.
T
h
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
AE
S
-
1
9
2
,
SHA
-
3
8
4
,
E
C
DH,
E
C
D
SA
-
3
8
4
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
s
ec
u
r
ity
lev
el
o
f
1
9
2
b
its
,
an
d
f
i
n
ally
,
th
e
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
AE
S
-
2
5
6
,
SHA
-
5
1
2
,
E
C
DH,
an
d
E
C
DSA
-
5
2
1
ex
h
ib
it a
s
ec
u
r
ity
lev
el
o
f
2
5
6
b
i
ts
[
3
]
.
Har
ik
a
et
al
.
h
av
e
p
r
esen
ted
a
cr
itical
r
ev
iew
o
f
f
o
u
r
m
u
ltip
li
ca
tio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
,
wh
ich
ar
e
s
h
if
t
-
An
d
-
Ad
d
Mu
ltip
lier
,
C
ar
r
y
Sav
e
A
d
d
er
,
B
o
o
th
Mu
ltip
lier
,
an
d
a
m
o
d
if
ied
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
B
o
o
t
h
m
u
ltip
lier
.
B
ased
o
n
th
is
a
r
ticle,
th
e
C
ar
r
y
Sav
e
Ad
d
er
wa
s
f
o
u
n
d
t
o
b
e
m
o
r
e
e
f
f
icien
t
in
ter
m
s
o
f
e
x
ec
u
tio
n
t
im
e
an
d
less
s
p
ac
e
in
th
e
FP
GA
th
an
th
e
o
t
h
er
m
u
ltip
licatio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
ab
o
v
e.
Dif
f
er
en
t
m
u
lt
ip
licatio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
ex
is
t,
s
u
ch
as
Gr
id
,
W
allac
e
-
tr
ee
,
Ved
ic,
L
attice,
C
o
m
b
in
a
tio
n
al,
Seq
u
e
n
tial,
A
r
r
ay
an
d
Mo
n
tg
o
m
er
y
,
an
d
Kar
atsu
b
a
[
4
,
5
]
.
Sev
er
al
ar
ticles
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
m
eth
o
d
s
o
n
FP
GA
o
f
th
e
Kar
atsu
b
a
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
Yan
g
h
as
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
a
s
ch
e
m
e
f
o
r
im
p
lem
e
n
tin
g
a
2
5
6
-
b
it
x
2
5
6
-
b
it
m
u
ltip
lier
,
w
h
ich
ex
h
ib
its
5
0
%
ef
f
icien
cy
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
tr
ad
iti
o
n
al
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
s
[
6
]
.
I
n
th
is
ar
ticle,
a
n
ew
s
ch
em
e
f
o
r
im
p
lem
e
n
tin
g
t
h
e
Kar
atsu
b
a
m
u
ltip
lier
.
T
h
e
Kar
atsu
b
a
m
u
ltip
lier
is
v
er
y
ef
f
icien
t
in
m
u
ltip
ly
in
g
v
er
y
lar
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
s
,
wh
ich
co
n
s
titu
tes
an
ex
ce
llen
t
a
s
s
et
in
ac
h
iev
in
g
co
m
p
lex
cr
y
p
to
g
r
ap
h
ic
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
s
[
7
-
9
]
.
T
h
e
c
o
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
m
u
ltip
l
icatio
n
m
eth
o
d
h
as
a
co
m
p
l
ex
ity
O(
N
2
)
,
wh
ile
Kar
atsu
b
a
h
as
a
co
m
p
lex
ity
o
f
O(
N
log3/log2
)
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
ec
tio
n
will
p
r
esen
t
th
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
Kar
atsu
b
a
alg
o
r
ith
m
an
d
u
s
ed
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
to
im
p
lem
en
t
a
th
ir
d
-
d
eg
r
ee
Kar
atsu
b
a
m
u
ltip
lier
.
Sectio
n
3
will in
tr
o
d
u
ce
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
c
h
em
e;
s
ec
tio
n
4
will sh
o
w
th
e
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
r
esu
lts
.
2.
T
H
I
RD
-
D
E
G
RE
E
K
ARA
T
S
UB
A
ANA
L
YS
I
S
Her
e,
we
p
r
esen
t
th
e
t
h
eo
r
et
ical
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
d
e
v
elo
p
i
n
g
a
th
ir
d
-
d
e
g
r
ee
Kar
atsu
b
a
m
u
ltip
lier
f
o
r
m
u
la.
W
e
will
b
e
u
s
in
g
it
t
o
im
p
lem
e
n
t
3
2
-
b
it
×
3
2
-
b
it
Kar
atsu
b
a
m
u
ltip
lier
,
1
2
8
-
b
it
×
1
2
8
-
b
it
Ka
r
atsu
b
a
m
u
ltip
lier
,
an
d
5
1
2
-
b
it
×
5
1
2
-
b
it
Kar
atsu
b
a
m
u
ltip
lie
r
in
to
FP
GA.
W
eim
er
s
k
ir
ch
laid
o
u
t
a
m
o
r
e
in
-
d
ep
th
ex
am
in
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
Kar
atsu
b
a
alg
o
r
ith
m
[
10
]
.
L
et
A(
x
)
an
d
B
(
x
)
th
e
two
o
p
er
a
n
d
s
o
f
th
e
t
h
ir
d
-
d
eg
r
ee
Kar
atsu
b
a
m
u
ltip
lier
s
.
(
)
=
3
3
+
2
2
+
1
1
+
0
0
(
1
)
(
)
=
3
3
+
2
2
+
1
1
+
0
0
(
2
)
(
)
=
A
(
)
(
)
(
2
)
(
3)
=
∑
+
∞
+
=
(
4
)
(
)
=
(
0
0
)
0
+
(
0
1
+
1
0
)
1
+
(
0
2
+
2
0
+
1
1
)
2
+
(
0
3
+
3
0
+
1
2
+
2
1
)
3
+
(
1
3
+
3
1
+
2
2
)
4
+
(
2
3
+
3
2
)
5
+
(
3
3
)
6
(
5
)
L
et
=
(
6
)
,
=
(
+
)
(
+
)
(
7)
W
ith
i
,
j
=
0
,
1
,
2
,
3
.
B
y
ap
p
ly
in
g
s
o
m
e
b
asic a
lg
eb
r
a
to
(
5
),
it f
o
llo
ws
(
)
=
(
0
0
)
0
+
(
0
1
+
1
0
+
0
0
+
1
1
−
(
0
0
+
1
1
)
)
1
+
(
0
2
+
2
0
+
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Reco
n
f
ig
u
r
a
b
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2089
-
4
8
6
4
E
fficien
t a
d
a
p
ta
tio
n
o
f th
e
K
a
r
a
ts
u
b
a
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
fo
r
imp
leme
n
tin
g
o
n
…
(
Wa
ld
er A
n
d
r
e
)
237
0
0
+
2
2
−
(
0
0
+
2
2
)
+
1
1
)
2
+
(
0
3
+
3
0
+
0
0
+
3
3
−
(
0
0
+
3
3
)
+
1
2
+
2
1
+
1
1
+
2
2
−
(
1
1
+
2
2
)
)
3
+
(
1
3
+
3
1
+
1
1
+
3
3
−
(
1
1
+
3
3
)
+
2
2
)
4
+
(
2
3
+
3
2
+
2
2
+
3
3
−
(
2
2
+
3
3
)
)
5
+
(
3
3
)
6
(
8
)
Af
ter
e
q
u
alin
g
(
5
)
an
d
(
8
)
,
an
d
b
y
id
e
n
tific
atio
n
it f
o
llo
ws:
0
1
+
1
0
=
0
1
+
1
0
+
0
0
+
1
1
−
(
0
0
+
1
1
)
(
9
)
A
f
ter
a
p
p
ly
in
g
(
6
)
an
d
(
7
)
to
t
h
e
R
HS
o
f
(
9
)
,
it
f
o
llo
ws:
0
1
+
1
0
=
0
,
1
−
(
0
+
1
)
(
1
0
)
Fo
r
th
e
co
ef
f
icien
t f
o
r
x
2
,
it f
o
llo
ws
:
0
2
+
2
0
+
1
1
=
0
2
+
2
0
+
0
0
+
2
2
−
(
0
0
+
2
2
)
+
1
1
(
1
1
)
Ap
p
ly
in
g
(
6
)
a
n
d
(
7
)
to
t
h
e
R
HS
o
f
(
1
1
)
to
h
a
v
e:
0
2
+
2
0
+
1
1
=
0
,
2
−
(
0
+
2
)
+
1
(
1
2
)
Fo
r
th
e
co
ef
f
icien
t f
o
r
x
3
,
it f
o
llo
ws
:
0
3
+
3
0
+
1
2
+
2
1
=
0
3
+
3
0
+
0
0
+
3
3
−
(
0
0
+
3
3
)
+
1
2
+
2
1
+
1
1
+
2
2
−
(
1
1
+
2
2
)
(
1
3
)
Ap
p
ly
in
g
(
6
)
a
n
d
(
7
)
to
R
HS
of
(
1
3
)
to
h
a
v
e
:
0
3
+
3
0
+
1
2
+
2
1
=
0
,
3
+
1
,
2
−
(
0
+
3
)
−
(
1
+
2
)
(
1
4
)
Fo
r
th
e
co
ef
f
icien
t f
o
r
x
4
,
it f
o
llo
ws
:
1
3
+
3
1
+
2
2
=
1
3
+
3
1
+
1
1
+
3
3
−
(
1
1
+
3
3
)
+
2
2
(
1
5
)
Ap
p
ly
in
g
(
6
)
a
n
d
(
7
)
to
(
1
3
)
R
HS
to
h
av
e
:
1
3
+
3
1
+
2
2
=
1
,
3
−
(
1
+
3
)
+
2
(
1
6
)
An
d
f
in
ally
,
f
o
r
t
h
e
co
ef
f
icien
t f
o
r
x
5
,
it f
o
llo
ws
:
2
3
+
3
2
=
2
3
+
3
2
+
2
2
+
3
3
−
(
2
2
+
3
3
)
(
1
7
)
A
f
ter
a
p
p
ly
in
g
(
6
)
an
d
(
7
)
to
(
1
7
)
R
HS
,
it f
o
llo
ws:
2
3
+
3
2
=
2
,
3
−
(
2
+
3
)
(
1
8
)
R
ep
lacin
g
(
10
)
,
(
12
)
,
(
14
)
,
(
16
)
,
an
d
(
18
)
b
y
th
eir
v
al
u
es in
(
8
)
y
ield
s
in
to
(
)
=
0
+
(
0
,
1
−
0
−
1
)
1
+
(
0
,
2
−
0
−
2
+
1
)
2
+
(
0
,
3
+
1
,
2
−
0
−
3
−
1
−
2
)
3
+
(
1
,
3
−
1
−
3
+
2
)
4
+
(
2
,
3
−
2
−
3
)
5
+
3
6
(
19)
W
e
h
av
e
p
r
esen
ted
a
n
ew
s
ch
em
e
to
im
p
lem
en
t
(
1
9
)
.
Fig
u
r
es
2
an
d
3
p
r
esen
t
th
e
f
ir
s
t
tw
o
s
tep
s
in
ca
lcu
latin
g
th
e
M
i
an
d
M
i
,
j
w
ith
i,
j
=
0
,
1
,
2
,
3
to
im
p
lem
e
n
t
th
e
Kar
atsu
b
a
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
O
n
ce
th
ese
two
s
tep
s
p
ass
,
wh
at
f
o
llo
ws
is
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
ad
d
e
r
s
an
d
s
h
if
t
r
eg
is
ter
s
to
im
p
lem
en
t
t
h
e
r
est
o
f
t
h
e
eq
u
atio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
s
ep
ar
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
o
p
er
a
n
d
A(
x
)
,
wh
ic
h
is
o
f
len
g
th
N
in
t
o
f
o
u
r
s
u
b
g
r
o
u
p
s
to
g
iv
e
th
e
a
0
,
a
1
,
a
2
,
an
d
a
3
.
T
h
e
s
am
e
s
tep
is
r
ep
ea
ted
o
n
th
e
B
(
x
)
o
p
er
an
d
to
ac
h
iev
e
b
0
,
b
1
,
b
2
,
an
d
b
3
.
F
ig
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
ws
th
e
g
en
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
v
ar
iab
les M
n
an
d
M
n,
m
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
9
-
4
8
6
4
I
n
t J Reco
n
f
ig
u
r
a
b
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
3
,
No
v
e
m
b
er
2
0
2
0
:
235
–
2
4
1
238
B
elo
w,
we
p
r
esen
t o
u
r
m
o
d
if
i
ed
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
Kar
atsu
b
a
al
g
o
r
ith
m
.
/*
Let A
a
n
d
B
tw
o
b
in
a
r
y
n
u
mb
ers
o
f siz
e
n
w
id
th
*/
m
in
_
s
td
v
ec
=
8
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
k
a
r
atsu
b
a(
A,
B
)
if
(
A
<
lim
it)
o
r
(
B
<
lim
it)
r
etu
r
n
A
×
B
a
0
=
A(
(
n
wid
t
h
/m
in
_
s
td
v
ec
)
-
1
d
o
wn
to
0
)
a
1
=
A(
(
n
wid
t
h
/m
in
_
s
td
v
ec
)
*
2
-
1
d
o
wn
t
o
(
n
wid
t
h
/m
in
_
s
td
v
ec
)
)
a
2
=
A(
(
n
wid
t
h
/m
in
_
s
td
v
ec
)
*
3
-
1
d
o
wn
t
o
(
n
wid
t
h
/m
in
_
s
td
v
ec
)
*
2
)
a
3
=
A(
(
n
wid
t
h
/m
in
_
s
td
v
ec
)
*
4
-
1
d
o
wn
t
o
(
n
wid
t
h
/m
in
_
s
td
v
ec
)
*
3
)
b
0
=
B
(
(
n
wid
th
/m
i
n
_
s
td
v
ec
)
-
1
d
o
wn
to
0
)
b
1
=
B
(
(
n
wid
th
/m
i
n
_
s
td
v
e
c)
*
2
-
1
d
o
wn
t
o
(
n
wid
t
h
/m
in
_
s
td
v
ec
)
)
b
2
=
B
(
(
n
wid
th
/m
i
n
_
s
td
v
ec
)
*
3
-
1
d
o
wn
t
o
(
n
wid
t
h
/m
in
_
s
td
v
ec
)
*
2
)
b
3
=
B
(
(
n
wid
th
/m
i
n
_
s
td
v
ec
)
*
4
-
1
d
o
wn
t
o
(
n
wid
t
h
/m
in
_
s
td
v
ec
)
*
3
)
/*
4
K
A
ca
lls
to
co
m
p
u
te
M
0
, M
1
, M
2
, M
3
;
M
1,
2
, M
1,
3
a
n
d
M
2,
3
*/
k
ar
atsu
b
a(
a
0
, b
0
, M
0
)
k
ar
atsu
b
a(
a
1
, b
1
, M
1
)
k
ar
atsu
b
a(
a
2
, b
2
, M
2
)
k
ar
atsu
b
a(
a
3
, b
3
, M
3
)
a'
0,
1
= a
0
+
a1
a'
0,
2
= a
0
+
a
2
a'
0,
3
= a
0
+ a
3
a'
1,
2
= a
1
+
a
2
a'
1,
3
= a
1
+
a
3
a'
2,
3
= a
2
+
a
3
b'
0,
1
= b
0
+
b
1
b'
0,
2
= b
0
+
b
2
b'
0,
3
= b
0
+ b
3
b'
1,
2
= b
1
+
b
2
b'
1,
3
= b
1
+
b
3
b'
2,
3
= b
2
+
b
3
/*
6
K
A
ca
lls
to
co
m
p
u
te
*/
k
ar
atsu
b
a(
a'
0,
1
,
b
'
0,
1
, M
0,
1
)
k
ar
atsu
b
a(
a'
0,
2
,
b
'
0,
2
, M
0,
2
)
k
ar
atsu
b
a(
a'
0,
3
,
b
'
0,
3
, M
0,
3
)
k
ar
atsu
b
a(
a'
1,
2
,
b
'
1,
2
, M
1,
2
)
k
ar
atsu
b
a(
a'
1,
3
,
b
'
1,
3
, M
1,
3
)
k
ar
atsu
b
a(
a'
2,
3
,
b
'
2,
3
, M
2,
3
)
te
r
m
7
= M
3
x
6
te
r
m
6
= M
2,
3
−
M
2
−
M
3
x
5
te
r
m
5
= M
1,
3
−
M
1
−
M
3
+ M
2
x
4
te
r
m
4
= M
0,
3
−
M
0
−
M
3
+ M
1,
2
−
M
1
−
M
2
x
3
te
r
m
3
= M
0,
2
−
M
0
−
M
2
+ M
1
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en
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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4
8
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4
E
fficien
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a
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e
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a
r
a
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u
b
a
a
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o
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ith
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r
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n
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g
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e
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239
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u
r
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.
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e
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ic
n
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b
it ×
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-
b
it th
ir
d
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d
e
g
r
ee
Kar
atsu
b
a
i
n
p
u
t
p
r
ep
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
C
(
X)
g
e
n
er
atio
n
f
o
r
a
32
-
b
it ×
3
2
-
b
it
Kar
atsu
b
a
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
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:
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0
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m
b
er
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0
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0
:
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–
2
4
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240
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
Sectio
n
3
.
1
an
d
3
.
2
s
h
o
w
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
an
d
im
p
lem
en
tati
o
n
r
esu
lts
f
o
r
3
2
-
b
it
x
3
2
-
b
it,
1
2
8
-
b
it
x
128
-
b
it,
an
d
5
1
2
-
b
it x
5
1
2
-
b
it
m
u
ltip
li
er
s
.
3
.
1
.
Sim
ula
t
io
n r
esu
lt
s
Fo
r
th
e
s
ak
e
o
f
v
is
ib
ilit
y
,
we
p
r
esen
t a
s
h
o
r
ten
ed
p
ar
t o
f
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
s
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
,
Fig
u
r
e
5
,
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
f
o
r
t
h
e
th
r
ee
im
p
lem
en
ted
m
u
ltip
lier
s
a
r
e
co
n
s
is
ten
t a
n
d
g
i
v
e
th
e
ex
p
ec
ted
v
alu
es
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Kar
atsu
b
a
m
u
ltip
lier
32
-
b
it ×
3
2
-
b
it si
m
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lts
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Kar
atsu
b
a
m
u
ltip
lier
128
-
b
it ×
1
2
8
-
b
it si
m
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Kar
atsu
b
a
m
u
ltip
lier
5
1
2
-
b
it ×
5
1
2
-
b
it si
m
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
3
.
2
.
I
m
plem
ent
a
t
io
n r
esu
lt
s
As
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
,
th
e
i
m
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
n
FP
GA
o
f
th
e
3
2
-
b
it
×
3
2
-
b
it
d
o
es
n
o
t
d
is
p
lay
an
y
er
r
o
r
.
Of
th
e
5
0
0
lim
ited
I
O
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
,
o
n
ly
6
4
ar
e
b
o
u
n
d
e
d
,
an
d
1
8
4
4
/
2
0
3
8
0
0
s
lice
L
UT
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
.
R
eg
ar
d
in
g
1
2
8
-
b
it
x
1
2
8
-
b
it.
B
y
q
u
ad
r
u
p
lin
g
th
e
m
u
ltip
lier
s
ize,
we
m
u
ltip
ly
b
y
a
f
ac
t
o
r
o
f
1
0
th
e
s
ize
o
f
th
e
s
lice
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UT
s
u
s
ed
,
as d
ep
icted
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
T
h
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
1
2
8
-
b
it x
1
2
8
-
b
it m
u
lt
ip
lier
ex
ce
ed
ed
th
e
I
O
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
o
f
th
e
FP
GA,
a
s
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
An
d
it
g
o
t
wo
r
s
e
with
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tati
o
n
o
f
th
e
5
1
2
-
b
it
x
512
-
b
it
m
u
lt
ip
lier
,
as
s
h
o
wn
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
T
h
is
r
esu
lt
is
n
o
t
a
s
u
r
p
r
is
e
a
n
d
d
o
es
n
o
t
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
s
ch
em
e
b
u
t
r
ath
er
th
e
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
th
e
FP
GA
u
s
ed
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Kar
atsu
b
a
m
u
ltip
lier
3
2
-
b
it ×
3
2
-
b
it im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
r
esu
lts
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Reco
n
f
ig
u
r
a
b
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2089
-
4
8
6
4
E
fficien
t a
d
a
p
ta
tio
n
o
f th
e
K
a
r
a
ts
u
b
a
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
fo
r
imp
leme
n
tin
g
o
n
…
(
Wa
ld
er A
n
d
r
e
)
241
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
Kar
atsu
b
a
m
u
ltip
lier
1
2
8
-
b
it ×
1
2
8
-
b
it im
p
lem
en
ta
tio
n
r
esu
lts
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
Kar
atsu
b
a
m
u
ltip
lier
5
1
2
-
b
it ×
5
1
2
-
b
it im
p
lem
en
ta
tio
n
r
esu
lts
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
we
h
av
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
m
o
d
if
ied
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
Kar
atsu
b
a
alg
o
r
ith
m
as
well
as
a
n
ew
s
ch
em
e
to
f
ac
ilit
ate
FP
GA
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
.
R
esu
lts
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
3
2
-
b
it
x
3
2
-
b
it
Kar
atsu
b
a
m
u
ltip
lier
,
1
2
8
-
b
it
x
1
2
8
-
b
it
Kar
atsu
b
a
m
u
lt
ip
lier
,
an
d
5
1
2
-
b
it
x
5
1
2
-
b
it
Kar
atsu
b
a
m
u
ltip
lier
h
av
e
m
et
th
e
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
.
T
h
ey
ar
e
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
f
o
r
ap
p
licatio
n
s
th
at
r
eq
u
ir
e
t
h
e
r
ap
id
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
an
d
r
ec
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
o
f
cr
y
p
to
g
r
ap
h
ic
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
.
T
h
e
n
ex
t
s
tep
is
to
u
s
e
th
ese
m
u
ltip
lier
s
to
im
p
lem
en
t
a
co
m
p
lete
cr
y
p
to
g
r
a
p
h
ic
al
g
o
r
ith
m
o
n
FP
GA
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
DG
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
wo
u
ld
lik
e
to
t
h
an
k
C
MC
Mic
r
o
s
y
s
tem
s
f
o
r
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
d
esig
n
to
o
ls
,
m
at
er
ials
,
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
W.
An
d
re
a
n
d
O
.
Co
u
il
lard
,
"
De
s
ig
n
a
n
d
imp
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
a
n
e
w
a
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
o
f
a
re
a
l
-
ti
m
e
re
c
o
n
fi
g
u
ra
b
le
d
i
g
it
a
l
m
o
d
u
lat
o
r
(DM)
in
to
Q
P
S
K,8
-
P
S
K,
a
n
d
1
6
-
P
S
K
o
n
F
P
G
A,"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Rec
o
n
fi
g
u
ra
b
le
a
n
d
Emb
e
d
d
e
d
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
7
3
-
185
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
]
K
.
Kw
a
n
g
jo
,
"
Cry
p
t
o
g
ra
p
h
y
:
A
n
e
w
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
jo
u
r
n
a
l
,
"
Cry
p
t
o
g
ra
p
h
y
,
v
o
l.
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
-
4,
2
0
1
6
.
[O
n
li
n
e
].
Av
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
s://
p
d
fs
.
se
m
a
n
ti
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sc
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o
lar.
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rg
/
d
7
8
d
/
5
9
fc
0
8
d
e
0
b
1
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2
f4
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4
9
c
c
0
a
5
8
6
a
8
fe
b
f5
e
6
d
.
p
d
f.
[3
]
Cisc
o
S
e
c
u
rit
y
,
"
Ne
x
t
G
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
Cr
y
p
t
o
g
ra
p
h
y
,
"
T
o
o
ls
Cisc
o
,
2
0
1
5
.
[
On
l
in
e
]
.
Av
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
s:/
/t
o
o
ls.cisc
o
.
c
o
m
/se
c
u
rit
y
/ce
n
ter/re
so
u
rc
e
s/n
e
x
t
_
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
_
c
r
y
p
t
o
g
ra
p
h
y
.
[4
]
K.
Ha
rik
a
,.
e
t
a
l
,
"
A
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
d
if
fe
re
n
t
m
u
lt
i
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
s
&
F
P
G
A
imp
lem
e
n
tatio
n
,
"
IOS
R
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
V
L
S
I
a
n
d
S
i
g
n
a
l
Pr
o
c
e
ss
in
g
(IOSR
-
JV
S
P
)
v
ol
.
4
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
29
-
35
, 2
0
1
4
.
[5
]
P
.
M
o
n
tg
o
m
e
ry
,
"
M
o
d
u
lar
m
u
lt
i
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
wit
h
o
u
t
tri
a
l
d
i
v
isio
n
,
"
M
a
th
e
ma
t
ics
o
f
c
o
mp
u
ta
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l.
4
4
,
n
o
.
1
7
0
,
p
p
.
519
–
5
2
1
,
1
9
8
5
.
[6
]
D.
Ya
n
g
e
t
al
.,
"
Eff
icie
n
t
F
P
G
A
imp
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
m
o
d
u
lar
m
u
lt
ip
li
c
a
ti
o
n
b
a
se
d
o
n
M
o
n
t
g
o
m
e
ry
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
,
"
M
icr
o
p
r
o
c
e
ss
o
rs
a
n
d
M
icr
o
sy
ste
ms
,
v
ol
.
4
7
,
p
p
.
2
0
9
-
2
1
5
,
2
0
1
6
.
[7
]
Jo
a
c
h
im
v
o
n
z
u
r
G
a
th
e
n
a
n
d
Ja
m
sh
id
S
h
o
k
ro
ll
a
h
i,
"
Eff
icie
n
t
F
P
G
A
-
b
a
s
e
d
Ka
ra
tsu
b
a
m
u
lt
i
p
li
e
rs
fo
r
p
o
l
y
n
o
m
ials
ove
r
F
2
,
"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
W
o
rk
sh
o
p
o
n
S
e
lec
ted
Are
a
s
in
Cry
p
t
o
g
r
a
p
h
y
S
AC
2
0
0
5
:
S
e
lec
ted
Are
a
s
i
n
Cry
p
to
g
ra
p
h
y
p
p
3
5
9
-
3
6
9
,
2
0
0
5
.
[8
]
D.
S
u
z
u
k
i,
"
H
o
w
t
o
m
a
x
imiz
e
th
e
p
o
ten
t
ial
o
f
F
P
G
A
re
so
u
rc
e
s
fo
r
m
o
d
u
lar
e
x
p
o
n
e
n
ti
a
ti
o
n
,
"
Cry
p
to
g
ra
p
h
ic
Ha
rd
wa
re
a
n
d
Emb
e
d
d
e
d
S
y
ste
ms
-
CHES
2
0
0
7
,
p
p
.
2
7
2
–
2
8
8
,
2
0
0
7
.
[9
]
J.
S
a
m
a
n
ta
,.
e
t
a
l,
"
M
o
d
i
fied
Ka
ra
tsu
b
a
m
u
lt
i
p
li
e
r
f
o
r
k
e
y
e
q
u
a
ti
o
n
s
o
lv
e
r
in
RS
C
o
d
e
,
"
i
n
R
a
d
i
o
e
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
58
,
n
o
.
10
,
p
p
.
4
5
2
-
4
6
1
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
0
]
A.
Weim
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