I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
Rec
o
nfig
ura
ble a
nd
E
m
be
dd
e
d Sy
s
t
e
m
s
(
I
J
R
E
S
)
Vo
l.
5
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
2
0
1
6
,
p
p
.
8
~
1
6
I
SS
N:
2089
-
4864
8
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ia
e
s
jo
u
r
n
a
l.c
o
m/o
n
lin
e/in
d
ex
.
p
h
p
/I
J
RES
Desig
n and
Analy
sis
of CMO
S and
Adia
ba
tic
1
:16
M
ultiplexer
a
nd 16
:1 De
m
ulti
plex
er
K
.
Anitha
,
R.
J
a
y
a
chira
A
ru
n
a
i
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
Co
ll
e
g
e
,
In
d
i
a
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
No
v
3
,
2
0
1
5
R
ev
i
s
ed
J
an
1
8
,
2
0
1
6
A
cc
ep
ted
Feb
1
1
,
2
0
1
6
Co
n
v
e
n
ti
o
n
a
l
C
M
OS
is
c
o
m
p
a
re
d
w
it
h
tw
o
a
d
iab
a
ti
c
l
o
g
ic
sty
l
e
s
n
a
m
e
l
y
Eff
icie
n
t
Ch
a
rg
e
Re
c
o
v
e
r
y
L
o
g
i
c
(ECRL
)
a
n
d
Im
p
ro
v
e
d
Eff
icie
n
t
Ch
a
rg
e
Re
c
o
v
e
r
y
L
o
g
ic
(IE
CCR
L
).
A
1
6
:1
m
u
lt
ip
lex
e
r
a
n
d
1
:
1
6
d
e
m
u
lt
ip
l
e
x
e
r
u
sin
g
th
e
se
d
e
sig
n
tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
a
re
d
e
sig
n
e
d
a
n
d
re
su
lt
s
a
re
c
o
m
p
a
re
d
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
th
e
ir
m
in
i
m
u
m
/
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
e
r
c
o
n
su
m
p
ti
o
n
a
n
d
tran
sisto
r
c
o
u
n
t.
T
h
e
p
ro
p
o
se
d
sc
h
e
m
a
ti
c
s
m
u
lt
ip
lex
e
r
a
n
d
d
e
m
u
lt
ip
lex
e
r
a
re
si
m
u
late
d
u
sin
g
M
icro
w
in
d
2
a
n
d
DSCH2
so
f
tw
a
r
e.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
:
A
d
iab
atic
E
C
R
L
I
E
C
R
L
Co
p
y
rig
h
t
©
2
0
1
6
In
stit
u
te o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
S
c
ien
c
e
.
Al
l
rig
h
ts
re
se
rv
e
d
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
K.
An
it
h
a
,
P
G
Sch
o
lar
,
ME
-
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
te
m
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
ie
s
,
A
r
u
n
ai
E
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
C
o
lle
g
e,
1
8
3
1
Ku
b
er
ar
Nag
ar
,
Ven
g
i
k
k
al,
T
h
ir
u
v
an
n
a
m
alai
Di
s
tr
ict,
T
am
il Na
d
u
s
tate,
I
n
d
ia.
E
m
ail:
a
n
it
h
an
b
j
9
3
@
g
m
ail.
co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Du
r
in
g
r
ec
e
n
t
y
ea
r
s
t
h
e
m
ai
n
an
d
h
i
g
h
l
y
co
n
ce
r
n
ed
i
s
s
u
e
i
n
t
h
e
lo
w
p
o
w
er
VL
SI
d
esig
n
is
en
er
g
y
/p
o
w
er
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
.
T
h
i
s
is
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
d
e
m
an
d
o
f
p
o
r
tab
le
s
y
s
te
m
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
n
ee
d
to
li
m
it
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
i
n
V
L
SI
ch
ip
s
.
I
n
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
a
l
C
MO
S
cir
cu
it
s
,
t
h
e
b
as
ic
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
u
s
ed
f
o
r
r
ed
u
ci
n
g
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
t
io
n
ar
e
b
y
r
e
d
u
cin
g
t
h
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
v
o
ltag
e
s
,
o
n
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
n
o
d
e
ca
p
ac
itan
c
es
an
d
m
in
i
m
ize
th
e
s
w
itc
h
in
g
ac
t
iv
it
ies
w
i
th
e
f
f
ici
en
t
c
h
ar
g
e
r
ec
o
v
er
y
lo
g
ic.
T
h
e
ad
iab
atic
lo
g
ic
w
o
r
k
s
o
n
t
h
e
p
r
in
cip
le
o
f
e
n
e
r
g
y
r
ec
o
v
er
y
lo
g
ic
a
n
d
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
w
a
y
to
r
eu
s
e
t
h
e
e
n
er
g
y
s
to
r
ed
in
lo
ad
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
r
at
h
er
t
h
a
n
t
h
e
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
w
a
y
o
f
d
is
ch
ar
g
i
n
g
t
h
e
lo
ad
c
ap
ac
ito
r
s
to
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
an
d
w
asti
n
g
th
is
en
er
g
y
.
T
h
e
P
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
is
t
h
e
m
aj
o
r
co
n
ce
r
n
in
lo
w
p
o
w
er
VL
SI
d
es
i
g
n
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
.
T
h
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
lo
w
p
o
w
er
d
e
v
ices
h
as
b
ee
n
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
r
ap
id
ly
d
u
e
to
th
e
b
atter
y
o
p
er
ated
an
d
p
o
r
tab
le
d
ev
ices.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
t
w
o
cir
cu
i
ts
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
E
C
R
L
,
I
E
C
R
L
ar
e
an
al
y
ze
d
u
s
in
g
m
u
ltip
lex
e
r
an
d
d
em
u
ltip
le
x
er
cir
cu
it
s
.
2.
M
O
T
I
VAT
I
O
N
2
.
1
.
Nee
d
f
o
r
L
o
w
P
o
w
er
De
s
ig
n
T
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
t
f
o
r
lo
w
p
o
w
er
d
esig
n
h
a
s
ca
u
s
ed
a
lar
g
e
p
ar
ad
ig
m
s
h
if
t
w
h
er
e
en
er
g
y
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
as
es
s
en
t
ial
co
n
s
i
d
er
atio
n
as
ar
ea
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
Sev
er
al
f
ac
to
r
s
h
av
e
co
n
t
r
ib
u
ted
to
th
is
tr
en
d
.
T
h
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
lo
w
p
o
w
er
d
ev
ic
es
h
as
b
ee
n
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
v
er
y
q
u
ick
l
y
d
u
e
to
th
e
p
o
r
tab
le
d
ev
ices
s
u
c
h
as
lap
to
p
s
,
m
o
b
ile
p
h
o
n
es
a
n
d
b
atter
y
o
p
er
ated
d
ev
ices
s
u
c
h
as
ca
lc
u
la
to
r
,
w
r
i
s
t
w
atc
h
es.
T
h
ese
p
r
o
d
u
cts
al
w
a
y
s
p
u
t
a
lar
g
e
atten
t
io
n
o
n
m
in
i
m
izin
g
p
o
w
er
in
o
r
d
er
to
m
ax
i
m
ize
t
h
eir
b
atter
y
li
f
e.
A
n
o
t
h
er
m
o
ti
v
e
f
o
r
lo
w
p
o
w
er
is
ass
o
ciate
d
to
th
e
h
ig
h
e
n
d
p
r
o
d
u
cts.
T
h
is
is
d
u
e
to
th
e
p
ac
k
a
g
in
g
a
n
d
co
o
lin
g
o
f
s
u
ch
h
i
g
h
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
h
ig
h
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
9
-
4864
IJ
R
E
S
Vo
l.
5
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
2
0
1
6
:
8
–
1
6
9
d
en
s
it
y
an
d
h
ig
h
p
o
w
er
c
h
ip
s
ar
e
p
r
o
h
ib
itiv
el
y
e
x
p
en
s
iv
e.
An
o
th
er
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
lo
w
p
o
w
er
d
esi
g
n
i
s
r
elate
d
to
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
Mic
r
o
elec
tr
o
n
ics
p
r
o
d
u
cts
b
ec
o
m
e
to
ler
ab
le
u
s
ag
e
in
ev
er
y
d
a
y
’
s
li
f
e,
th
eir
n
e
ed
o
n
en
er
g
y
w
ill
s
h
ar
p
l
y
in
cr
ea
s
e.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
th
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
ti
o
n
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
h
ea
t
g
e
n
er
ated
an
d
s
o
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
co
s
t
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
e
x
tr
a
co
o
lin
g
s
y
s
te
m
s
i
n
h
o
m
es a
n
d
o
f
f
ice.
2
.
1
.
M
ultiplex
er
A
m
u
lt
ip
lex
er
i
s
a
d
ev
ice
w
h
i
ch
s
elec
ts
o
n
e
o
f
m
a
n
y
i
n
p
u
t
s
ig
n
a
ls
a
n
d
f
o
r
w
ar
d
s
t
h
e
s
elec
t
ed
in
p
u
t
to
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t.
Mu
ltip
le
x
er
p
in
d
iag
r
a
m
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
f
i
g
u
r
e
1
.
Mu
ltip
le
x
er
s
ar
e
m
ai
n
l
y
u
s
ed
co
n
n
ec
t
m
a
n
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
o
r
d
ev
ices
w
it
h
s
in
g
le
d
esti
n
at
io
n
o
r
d
ev
ice.
A
M
u
ltip
lex
er
i
s
also
k
n
o
w
n
as d
ata
s
e
lecto
r
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
B
lo
ck
Diag
r
a
m
o
f
Mu
ltip
le
x
er
2
.
3
.
Dem
ultiple
x
er
A
d
e
m
u
ltip
le
x
er
i
s
a
d
ev
ice
w
h
ic
h
h
as
s
i
n
g
le
i
n
p
u
t
a
n
d
m
an
y
o
u
tp
u
ts
.
De
m
u
lt
ip
lex
er
is
u
s
ed
to
co
n
n
ec
t
a
s
i
n
g
le
s
o
u
r
ce
to
m
u
ltip
le
d
esti
n
atio
n
s
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
p
i
n
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
d
e
m
u
l
tip
lex
er
.
T
h
e
m
u
ltip
lex
er
a
n
d
d
em
u
lt
ip
lex
er
w
o
r
k
to
g
et
h
er
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
an
d
r
ec
ep
tio
n
o
f
d
ata
in
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
te
m
.
I
t
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
s
t
h
e
r
e
v
er
s
e
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
m
u
lt
ip
lex
er
.
B
o
th
p
la
y
a
n
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t
r
o
le
in
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
B
lo
ck
Diag
r
a
m
o
f
D
e
m
u
ltip
lex
er
2
.
4
.
Co
nv
ent
io
na
l C
M
O
S
C
o
n
v
en
t
io
n
al
C
MO
S
d
es
ig
n
s
co
n
s
u
m
e
a
lo
t
o
f
e
n
er
g
y
d
u
r
i
n
g
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
w
o
m
aj
o
r
s
o
u
r
ce
s
o
f
p
o
w
er
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
in
d
i
g
ital
C
MO
S
cir
cu
it
s
ar
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
p
o
w
er
an
d
s
tatic
p
o
w
er
.
D
y
n
a
m
ic
p
o
w
er
is
r
elate
d
to
th
e
ch
an
g
i
n
g
e
v
en
t
s
o
f
lo
g
ic
s
tate
s
o
r
cir
cu
it
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
ac
tiv
i
ties
i
n
clu
d
i
n
g
p
o
w
er
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
d
u
e
to
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
ch
ar
g
in
g
an
d
d
is
c
h
ar
g
i
n
g
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
R
E
S
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
Desig
n
a
n
d
A
n
a
lysi
s
o
f CM
OS
a
n
d
A
d
ia
b
a
tic
1
:
1
6
Mu
ltip
lexe
r
a
n
d
1
6
:
1
Dem
u
ltip
lexe
r
(
K
.
A
n
ith
a
)
10
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
C
MO
S s
w
i
tch
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
Du
r
in
g
d
e
v
ice
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
,
p
o
w
er
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
p
r
i
m
ar
il
y
o
cc
u
r
s
i
n
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
C
MO
S
c
ir
cu
its
.
I
n
C
MO
S
lo
g
ic
d
es
ig
n
h
al
f
o
f
th
e
p
o
w
er
is
d
i
s
s
ip
ated
i
n
P
MO
S
n
et
w
o
r
k
a
n
d
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
s
w
it
ch
in
g
e
v
e
n
ts
,
s
to
r
ed
en
er
g
y
is
d
is
s
ip
ated
d
u
r
in
g
d
i
s
ch
ar
g
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
o
u
tp
u
t
lo
ad
ca
p
ac
ito
r
.
C
MO
S
NA
ND
g
ate
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
t
h
e
f
i
g
u
r
e
(
5
)
w
h
ic
h
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
2
P
MO
S a
n
d
2
NM
OS d
ev
ices.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
C
MO
S N
A
N
D
g
ate
3.
ADIAB
AT
I
C
L
O
G
I
C
CIRC
UIT
S
3
.
1
.
O
pera
t
io
n o
f
Adia
ba
t
ic
L
o
g
ic
T
h
e
ter
m
ad
iab
atic
in
d
icate
s
t
h
e
th
er
m
o
d
y
n
a
m
ic
s
p
r
o
ce
s
s
w
h
ic
h
is
u
s
ed
to
d
escr
ib
e
a
p
r
o
ce
s
s
w
it
h
n
o
tr
an
s
f
er
o
f
h
ea
t
w
it
h
th
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t.
He
n
ce
th
e
ad
iab
atic
lo
g
ic
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
el
y
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
p
o
w
er
d
is
s
ip
ated
in
a
cir
cu
it.
T
h
e
ad
iab
atic
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
te
ch
n
iq
u
e
c
an
r
ea
lize
v
er
y
lo
w
p
o
w
er
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
(
6
)
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
ad
iab
atic
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
A
d
iab
atic
lo
g
ic
o
f
f
er
s
a
m
et
h
o
d
to
u
s
e
th
e
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ed
in
lo
ad
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
m
et
h
o
d
o
f
d
is
c
h
ar
g
in
g
lo
ad
ca
p
ac
ito
r
to
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
an
d
t
h
is
e
n
er
g
y
is
w
a
s
t
ed
.
T
h
u
s
,
t
h
e
ter
m
ad
iab
atic
lo
g
ic
i
m
p
le
m
en
ts
r
e
v
er
s
ib
le
lo
g
ic
a
n
d
u
s
ed
i
n
lo
w
-
p
o
w
er
V
L
SI
cir
cu
its
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
9
-
4864
IJ
R
E
S
Vo
l.
5
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
2
0
1
6
:
8
–
1
6
11
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
A
d
iab
atic
S
w
itc
h
i
n
g
P
r
o
ce
s
s
3
.
2
.
E
f
f
icient
Cha
rg
e
Rec
o
v
e
ry
L
o
g
ic
(
E
CRL
)
E
C
R
L
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
t
w
o
cr
o
s
s
co
u
p
led
P
MO
S
tr
a
n
s
i
s
to
r
s
a
n
d
t
w
o
N
-
f
u
n
ct
io
n
al
b
lo
ck
s
f
o
r
E
C
R
L
ad
iab
atic
lo
g
ic
b
lo
ck
.
B
o
th
o
u
t
an
d
o
u
t
b
ar
ar
e
g
en
er
ated
.
E
n
er
g
y
d
i
s
s
ip
atio
n
is
r
ed
u
ce
d
to
a
lar
g
e
ex
ten
t
i
n
E
C
R
L
lo
g
ic
b
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
r
ec
h
ar
g
e
an
d
ev
al
u
atio
n
p
h
a
s
e
s
i
m
u
l
tan
eo
u
s
l
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
E
C
R
L
N
A
ND
g
ate
E
C
R
L
d
is
s
ip
ate
s
less
e
n
er
g
y
th
an
o
th
er
ad
iab
atic
lo
g
ics
b
y
eli
m
i
n
ati
n
g
th
e
p
r
ec
h
ar
g
e
d
io
d
es.
I
t
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
o
n
l
y
t
w
o
P
MO
S
s
w
itc
h
e
s
.
I
t
p
r
o
v
id
es
f
u
ll
s
w
i
n
g
at
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t.
T
h
e
b
asic
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
E
C
R
L
lo
g
ic
is
s
i
m
ilar
to
th
e
Dif
f
er
e
n
tial
C
asco
d
e
Vo
ltag
e
S
w
itc
h
L
o
g
i
c
(
DC
VS
L
)
w
i
th
d
if
f
er
e
n
tial
s
ig
n
a
lin
g
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
(
7
)
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
E
C
R
L
N
A
ND
g
ate
.
A
m
aj
o
r
d
is
ad
v
an
ta
g
e
o
f
E
C
R
L
cir
cu
it
is
th
at
th
e
co
u
p
lin
g
e
f
f
ec
t
s
d
u
e
to
th
e
t
w
o
o
u
tp
u
t
s
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
b
y
th
e
P
MO
S
latc
h
an
d
th
e
t
w
o
co
m
p
le
m
e
n
tar
y
o
u
tp
u
ts
ca
n
i
n
ter
f
er
e
w
ith
ea
ch
o
th
er
.
3
.
3
.
I
m
pro
v
ed
E
f
f
icient
Cha
rg
e
Rec
o
v
er
y
L
o
g
ic
(
I
E
CRL
)
I
E
C
R
L
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
a
p
air
o
f
cr
o
s
s
co
u
p
led
P
MO
S
d
ev
ice
an
d
t
w
o
N
-
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
b
lo
ck
s
.
I
n
I
E
C
R
L
,
d
elay
h
a
s
b
ee
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
b
y
ad
d
in
g
a
p
air
o
f
cr
o
s
s
co
u
p
le
d
NM
OS
d
ev
ices
i
n
t
h
e
E
C
R
L
d
esi
g
n
.
T
h
e
b
asic
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
o
f
I
E
C
R
L
i
s
s
i
m
ilar
to
t
h
e
Mo
d
if
ied
Di
f
f
er
en
tial
C
asco
d
e
Vo
lta
g
e
S
w
itc
h
L
o
g
i
c
(
MD
C
V
S
L
)
w
it
h
d
if
f
er
e
n
tial s
ig
n
ali
n
g
.
Fig
u
r
e
(
8
)
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
I
E
C
R
L
N
A
ND
g
ate.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
R
E
S
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
Desig
n
a
n
d
A
n
a
lysi
s
o
f CM
OS
a
n
d
A
d
ia
b
a
tic
1
:
1
6
Mu
ltip
lexe
r
a
n
d
1
6
:
1
Dem
u
ltip
lexe
r
(
K
.
A
n
ith
a
)
12
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
I
E
C
R
L
N
A
ND
g
ate
T
h
e
I
E
C
R
L
lo
g
ic
is
th
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
E
C
R
L
lo
g
ic.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
I
E
C
R
L
is
b
etter
t
h
an
t
h
e
E
C
R
L
lo
g
ic
e
v
en
th
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
is
h
i
g
h
er
t
h
a
n
th
e
E
C
R
L
lo
g
ic.
T
h
e
m
ain
ad
v
an
ta
g
e
o
f
I
E
C
R
L
lo
g
ic
is
t
h
at
it c
o
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
a
p
ai
r
o
f
cr
o
s
s
co
u
p
led
NM
OS d
ev
i
ce
s
t
o
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
o
f
E
C
R
L
lo
g
ic.
4.
DE
S
I
G
N
AND
I
M
P
L
E
M
E
NT
AT
I
O
N
O
F
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
C
I
RCUI
T
S
A
1
6
:1
m
u
lt
ip
lex
er
an
d
1
:1
6
d
em
u
lt
ip
lex
er
ar
e
d
esig
n
ed
u
s
in
g
ad
iab
atic
tech
n
iq
u
es
n
a
m
el
y
E
C
R
L
an
d
I
E
C
R
L
w
h
ic
h
s
h
o
w
s
r
e
d
u
ce
in
p
o
w
er
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
c
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
C
MO
S
lo
g
ic.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
cir
cu
it
a
n
d
la
y
o
u
t
f
o
r
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
a
l
cir
c
u
its
h
a
s
b
ee
n
d
esi
g
n
ed
i
n
m
icr
o
w
i
n
d
2
v
er
s
io
n
to
o
l
a
n
d
DSC
H2
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e.
T
h
e
DS
C
H
2
an
d
Mic
r
o
w
in
d
2
ar
e
u
s
er
f
r
ien
d
l
y
P
C
to
o
ls
f
o
r
t
h
e
d
esi
g
n
a
n
d
s
i
m
u
latio
n
o
f
C
MO
S
i
n
teg
r
ated
cir
c
u
i
t
s
.
T
h
e
s
c
h
e
m
at
ic
d
ia
g
r
a
m
o
f
a
ll
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
cir
cu
its
i
s
d
es
ig
n
ed
i
n
D
SC
H
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e.
Usi
n
g
DSC
H2
v
er
ilo
g
f
ile
i
s
g
e
n
er
ated
f
o
r
s
c
h
e
m
atic
d
ia
g
r
a
m
o
f
all
lo
g
ic
o
p
er
atio
n
.
B
y
co
m
p
ili
n
g
th
is
v
er
ilo
g
f
ile
i
n
m
icr
o
w
i
n
d
2
,
th
e
C
MO
S
la
y
o
u
t
o
f
th
e
s
ch
e
m
a
tic
d
iag
r
a
m
i
s
g
e
n
er
ated
.
T
h
is
la
y
o
u
t
i
s
s
i
m
u
lated
in
m
icr
o
w
i
n
d
2
to
o
b
s
er
v
e
th
e
p
o
w
er
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
o
f
th
e
cir
c
u
i
t
.
4
.
1
.
1
6
:
1
M
ultiplex
er
A
1
6
:1
m
u
ltip
le
x
er
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
1
6
in
p
u
t
li
n
es,
4
s
elec
t
l
in
e
s
an
d
1
o
u
tp
u
t
lin
e.
F
ig
u
r
e
(
9
)
an
d
(
1
1
)
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
1
6
:1
m
u
ltip
le
x
er
d
esig
n
u
s
in
g
E
C
R
L
a
n
d
I
E
C
R
L
r
esp
ec
ti
v
el
y
.
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
tr
a
n
s
i
s
to
r
s
u
s
ed
i
n
1
6
:1
m
u
ltip
le
x
er
d
esi
g
n
u
s
i
n
g
E
C
R
L
an
d
I
E
C
R
L
ar
e
1
6
2
an
d
1
6
4
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
(
1
0
)
an
d
(
1
2
)
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
s
i
m
u
la
tio
n
r
e
s
u
lt
s
1
6
:1
m
u
ltip
lex
er
u
s
i
n
g
E
C
R
L
a
n
d
I
E
C
R
L
r
esp
ec
ti
v
el
y
.
T
h
e
p
o
w
er
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
o
f
th
e
s
e
cir
cu
its
i
s
5
.
2
3
3
m
w
an
d
0
.
2
3
9
m
w
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
lo
w
er
w
h
e
n
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
a
l CM
OS d
esig
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
Desig
n
o
f
1
6
:1
Mu
lti
p
lex
er
Usi
n
g
E
C
R
L
L
o
g
ic
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
9
-
4864
IJ
R
E
S
Vo
l.
5
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
2
0
1
6
:
8
–
1
6
13
Fig
u
r
e
10
.
Si
m
u
latio
n
O
u
tp
u
t o
f
1
6
:1
Mu
ltip
lex
er
Usi
n
g
E
C
R
L
L
o
g
ic
Fig
u
r
e
11
.
Desig
n
o
f
1
6
:1
Mu
l
tip
lex
er
Usi
n
g
I
E
C
R
L
L
o
g
ic
Fig
u
r
e
12
.
Si
m
u
latio
n
O
u
tp
u
t o
f
1
6
:1
Mu
ltip
lex
er
Usi
n
g
I
E
C
R
L
L
o
g
ic
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
R
E
S
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
Desig
n
a
n
d
A
n
a
lysi
s
o
f CM
OS
a
n
d
A
d
ia
b
a
tic
1
:
1
6
Mu
ltip
lexe
r
a
n
d
1
6
:
1
Dem
u
ltip
lexe
r
(
K
.
A
n
ith
a
)
14
4
.
2
.
1
:
1
6
De
m
u
lt
ipl
e
x
er
A
1
:1
6
d
e
m
u
lt
ip
lex
er
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
1
i
n
p
u
t
s
i
g
n
a
l,
4
s
elec
t
s
i
g
n
al
an
d
1
6
o
u
tp
u
t
s
i
g
n
al
s
.
F
ig
u
r
e
(
1
3
)
an
d
(
1
5
)
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
1
:1
6
d
em
u
ltip
lex
er
d
es
ig
n
u
s
i
n
g
E
C
R
L
a
n
d
I
E
C
R
L
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
l
y
.
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
s
u
s
ed
in
1
:1
6
d
e
m
u
ltip
lex
er
d
esi
g
n
u
s
in
g
E
C
R
L
an
d
I
E
C
R
L
ar
e
1
6
2
an
d
1
6
4
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
(
1
4
)
an
d
(
1
6
)
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
l
atio
n
r
es
u
lt
s
1
6
:1
m
u
lt
ip
lex
er
u
s
i
n
g
E
C
R
L
a
n
d
I
E
C
R
L
r
esp
e
ctiv
el
y
.
T
h
e
p
o
w
e
r
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
o
f
t
h
ese
cir
c
u
it
s
i
s
4
.
9
4
6
m
w
a
n
d
0
.
2
7
9
m
w
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
lo
w
er
w
h
e
n
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
C
MO
S d
es
i
g
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
13
.
Desig
n
o
f
1
:1
6
Dem
u
ltip
lex
er
U
s
in
g
E
C
R
L
L
o
g
i
c
Fig
u
r
e
14
.
Si
m
u
latio
n
O
u
tp
u
t o
f
1
:1
6
Dem
u
ltip
le
x
er
Usi
n
g
E
C
R
L
L
o
g
ic
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
9
-
4864
IJ
R
E
S
Vo
l.
5
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
2
0
1
6
:
8
–
1
6
15
Fig
u
r
e
15
.
Desig
n
o
f
1
:1
6
Dem
u
ltip
lex
er
U
s
in
g
I
E
C
R
L
L
o
g
ic
Fig
u
r
e
16
.
Si
m
u
latio
n
R
es
u
lt
o
f
1
:1
6
Dem
u
ltip
le
x
er
Usi
n
g
I
E
C
R
L
L
o
g
ic
5.
CO
M
P
ARATI
VE
ANA
L
YS
I
S O
F
SI
M
UL
AT
I
O
N
RE
S
UL
T
S
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lt
s
ar
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
b
ased
o
n
th
e
p
o
w
er
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
c
ir
cu
its
a
n
d
th
eir
tr
an
s
is
to
r
co
u
n
t
w
it
h
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
C
M
OS
lo
g
ic
d
esig
n
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
m
ak
e
s
ea
s
ier
to
an
al
y
s
i
s
th
e
ad
iab
atic
lo
g
ic
cir
cu
its
b
ase
d
o
n
th
e
p
o
w
er
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
.
T
h
e
an
al
y
s
i
s
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
th
e
d
esig
n
s
b
ased
o
n
ad
iab
atic
tech
n
iq
u
e
o
f
f
er
s
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
t
p
o
w
er
r
ed
u
ct
io
n
wh
ich
p
r
o
v
id
es
b
etter
p
o
w
er
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
v
er
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
C
MO
S c
ir
cu
it
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
R
E
S
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
Desig
n
a
n
d
A
n
a
lysi
s
o
f CM
OS
a
n
d
A
d
ia
b
a
tic
1
:
1
6
Mu
ltip
lexe
r
a
n
d
1
6
:
1
Dem
u
ltip
lexe
r
(
K
.
A
n
ith
a
)
16
T
ab
le
1
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
1
6
:1
Mu
ltip
le
x
er
Usi
n
g
D
if
f
er
en
t L
o
g
ics
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
P
o
w
e
r
d
i
ssi
p
a
t
i
o
n
(
mw
)
N
u
mb
e
r
o
f
T
r
a
n
si
s
t
o
r
s
C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
M
O
S
1
4
.
1
9
6
1
9
2
EC
R
L
5
.
2
3
3
1
6
2
I
EC
R
L
0
.
2
3
9
1
6
4
T
ab
le
2
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
1
6
:1
Mu
ltip
le
x
er
Usi
n
g
D
if
f
er
en
t L
o
g
ics
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
P
o
w
e
r
d
i
ssi
p
a
t
i
o
n
(
mw
)
N
u
mb
e
r
o
f
T
r
a
n
si
s
t
o
r
s
C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
M
O
S
1
3
.
1
0
5
1
6
0
EC
R
L
4
.
9
4
6
1
6
2
I
EC
R
L
0
.
2
7
9
1
6
4
6.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
m
b
in
atio
n
al
cir
cu
its
p
r
i
m
ar
il
y
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
lo
w
er
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
.
L
o
g
ics
f
o
r
1
6
:1
m
u
l
tip
lex
er
an
d
1
:1
6
d
e
m
u
ltip
lex
er
ar
e
d
esig
n
ed
an
d
th
e
r
esu
lts
i
n
d
icate
th
at
t
h
e
y
h
av
e
less
er
p
o
w
er
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
t
h
a
n
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
C
MO
S
c
ir
cu
it
s
.
T
h
e
p
o
w
er
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
i
n
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
C
MO
S
cir
c
u
it
s
is
m
i
n
i
m
ized
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
ad
iab
atic
tech
n
iq
u
e.
A
d
iab
atic
l
o
g
ic
wo
r
k
s
w
it
h
t
h
e
id
ea
o
f
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
ac
ti
v
ities
w
h
ic
h
r
ed
u
ce
s
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
b
y
o
f
f
er
i
n
g
b
ac
k
th
e
s
to
r
ed
en
er
g
y
to
t
h
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
cir
cu
its
u
s
i
n
g
E
C
R
L
a
n
d
I
E
C
R
L
ar
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
C
M
OS
lo
g
ic
f
o
r
t
h
e
1
6
:1
m
u
l
tip
lex
er
a
n
d
1
:1
6
d
em
u
lt
ip
lex
er
.
I
t
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
t
h
e
ad
iab
atic
te
ch
n
iq
u
e
i
s
g
o
o
d
ch
o
ice
f
o
r
lo
w
p
o
w
er
ap
p
licatio
n
.
Fro
m
t
h
e
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
I
E
C
R
L
lo
g
ic
s
h
o
w
s
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
t
e
n
er
g
y
s
av
in
g
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
C
MO
S
lo
g
ic
an
d
E
C
R
L
lo
g
ic.
T
h
e
f
u
t
u
r
e
s
co
p
e
o
f
th
is
w
o
r
k
is
t
h
at
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
1
6
:
1
m
u
ltip
le
x
e
r
s
an
d
1
:1
6
d
em
u
ltip
le
x
er
s
c
an
b
e
ca
s
ca
d
ed
t
o
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
m
u
ltip
le
x
er
s
an
d
d
e
m
u
ltip
lex
er
s
alo
n
g
m
o
r
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
in
p
u
ts
a
n
d
o
u
tp
u
t li
n
es.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
Am
it
S
a
x
e
n
a
,
De
e
p
ti
S
h
in
g
h
a
l,
Ks
h
it
ij
S
h
i
n
g
h
a
l,
“
De
sig
n
a
n
d
I
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
A
d
iab
a
ti
c
b
a
se
d
L
o
w
P
o
w
e
r
L
o
g
ic
Circu
it
s”
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Re
se
a
rc
h
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(
IRJET
)
,
V
o
lu
m
e
:
0
2
Iss
u
e
:
0
2
|
M
a
y
-
2
0
1
5
p
p
.
4
9
8
-
5
0
4
.
[2
]
A
b
d
h
e
sh
Ku
m
a
r
Jh
a
a
n
d
A
n
sh
u
l
Ja
in
,
”
Co
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
A
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
De
m
u
lt
ip
lex
e
r
u
sin
g
Diffe
re
n
t
L
o
g
ic
S
t
y
les
”
,
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
f
o
r
S
c
ien
ti
fi
c
Res
e
a
rc
h
&
De
v
e
lo
p
me
n
t,
2
0
1
5
,
V
o
l
.
2
,
Iss
u
e
1
2
.
[3
]
Bh
a
k
ti
P
a
tel
a
n
d
P
o
o
n
a
m
Ka
d
a
m
,
“
Co
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
A
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
A
d
ia
b
a
ti
c
L
o
g
ic
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
s
”
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ter
A
p
p
l
ica
ti
o
n
s
2
0
1
5
,
p
p
2
0
-
24
[4
]
M
o
h
a
m
e
d
A
z
e
e
m
H
a
f
e
e
z
a
n
d
Az
iz
M
u
sh
th
a
f
a
,
“
A
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
A
d
iab
a
ti
c
Circu
it
A
p
p
ro
a
c
h
f
o
r
En
e
rg
y
Re
c
o
v
e
r
y
L
o
g
ics
”
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
S
c
ien
c
e
s
&
Res
e
a
rc
h
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
Oc
to
b
e
r,
2
0
1
5
,
p
p
7
0
2
-
7
0
7
[5
]
M
s.Am
rit
a
P
a
h
a
d
ia
a
n
d
Dr.
U
m
a
Ra
th
o
re
Bh
a
tt
,
”
L
a
y
o
u
t
De
sig
n
,
An
a
lys
is
a
n
d
Imp
lem
e
n
t
a
ti
o
n
o
f
Co
mb
in
a
ti
o
n
a
l
a
n
d
S
e
q
u
e
n
ti
a
l
Circ
u
it
s
u
sin
g
M
icr
o
win
d
”
S
S
RG
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Jo
u
rn
a
l
o
f
V
L
S
I
&
S
ig
n
a
l
P
r
o
c
e
ss
in
g
(S
S
RG
-
IJV
S
P
)
,
Ju
ly
-
A
u
g
u
st 2
0
1
5
,
v
o
lu
m
e
2
,
Iss
u
e
4
,
,
p
p
6
-
14
[6
]
S
a
se
e
n
d
ra
n
T
K
a
n
d
Ra
jes
h
M
e
h
ra
,
“
A
re
a
a
n
d
P
o
w
e
r
E
fficie
n
t
CM
OS
De
-
m
u
lt
ip
lex
e
r
La
y
o
u
t
o
n
9
0
n
m
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
”
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
c
ien
t
if
ic
Res
e
a
rc
h
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
&
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(
IJ
S
RE
T
)
,
EA
T
HD
-
2
0
1
5
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
,
I
S
S
N:
2
2
7
8
–
0
8
8
2
M
a
rc
h
2
0
1
5
,
p
p
1
4
-
15
[7
]
A
n
u
P
riy
a
a
n
d
Am
rit
a
Ra
i,
”
A
d
iab
a
ti
c
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
P
o
w
e
r
Eff
ic
ien
t
L
o
g
ic
Circu
it
De
sig
n
”
,
IJ
E
CT
,
Ja
n
-
M
a
rc
h
2
0
1
4
,
Vo
l.
5
,
Iss
u
e
S
p
l
-
1.
[8
]
S
h
ru
t
i
Ko
n
w
a
r,
T
h
o
c
k
c
h
o
m
Birj
it
S
in
g
h
a
,
S
o
u
m
ik
Ro
y
,
Re
g
in
a
l
d
H.
V
a
n
lalc
h
a
k
a
,
“
Ad
i
a
b
a
ti
c
L
o
g
ic
Ba
se
d
L
o
w
Po
we
r
M
u
lt
ip
lex
e
r
a
n
d
De
mu
l
ti
p
lex
e
r
”
,
2
0
1
4
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
Co
m
p
u
ter
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
a
n
d
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
c
s (
ICCCI
-
2
0
1
4
),
Ja
n
.
0
3
–
0
5
,
2
0
1
4
.
[9
]
S
h
ru
t
i
Ko
n
w
a
r,
T
h
o
c
k
c
h
o
m
Birj
it
S
in
g
h
a
,
S
o
u
m
ik
Ro
y
,
Re
g
in
a
l
d
H.
V
a
n
lalc
h
a
k
a
,
“
Ad
i
a
b
a
ti
c
L
o
g
ic
Ba
se
d
L
o
w
Po
we
r
M
u
lt
ip
lex
e
r
a
n
d
De
mu
l
ti
p
lex
e
r
”
,
2
0
1
4
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
Co
m
p
u
ter
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
a
n
d
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
c
s (
ICCCI
-
2
0
1
4
),
Ja
n
.
0
3
–
0
5
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
0
]
Rich
a
S
in
g
h
,
P
ra
tee
k
Ra
j
Ga
u
ta
m
,
A
n
jali
S
h
a
rm
a
,
“
En
e
rg
y
E
ff
icie
n
t
De
sig
n
o
f
M
u
lt
ip
lex
e
r
Us
in
g
Ad
iab
a
ti
c
lo
g
ic”
,
In
t.
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
&
El
e
c
t
ro
n
ics
E
n
g
g
,
V
o
l
.
2
,
S
p
l.
Iss
u
e
1
(2
0
1
5
)
p
p
1
0
4
-
1
0
7
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.