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32
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stema
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et
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rk
So
wm
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a
K
.
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.
,
T
hej
a
s
wini A
.
De
p
a
rt
m
e
n
t
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
E
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
R
V Co
ll
e
g
e
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
Be
n
g
a
l
u
ru
,
Ka
rn
a
tak
a
,
In
d
ia
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
S
T
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
J
u
n
2
,
2
0
20
R
ev
is
ed
Oct
2
9
,
2
0
20
Acc
ep
ted
No
v
27
,
2
0
20
Wi
th
th
e
g
ro
wi
n
g
n
e
two
r
k
siz
e
,
v
irt
u
a
li
z
a
ti
o
n
e
v
e
ry
wh
e
re
,
i
t
is
g
e
tt
in
g
m
o
re
d
iffi
c
u
lt
t
o
c
o
n
fi
g
u
re
a
n
d
m
a
n
a
g
e
th
e
n
e
two
r
k
d
e
v
ice
s.
S
o
f
twa
re
De
fin
e
d
Ne
two
rk
in
g
(
S
DN
)
is
a
wa
y
t
o
a
d
d
re
ss
th
e
se
p
ro
b
lem
s.
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
Ce
n
tri
c
In
fra
stru
c
tu
re
(ACI)
is
th
e
Ci
sc
o
’s
so
lu
ti
o
n
t
o
S
DN
,
wi
th
c
e
n
tralize
d
a
u
to
m
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
p
o
l
icy
-
d
r
iv
e
n
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
p
ro
fil
e
s.
If
t
h
e
re
is
a
n
y
b
u
g
i
n
t
h
e
n
e
two
rk
o
r
p
r
o
b
lem
with
t
h
e
e
x
p
e
c
te
d
fu
n
c
ti
o
n
a
li
ty
o
f
th
e
n
e
t
wo
rk
,
ACI
c
a
se
s
a
re
o
p
e
n
e
d
in
th
e
T
e
c
h
n
ica
l
As
sista
n
c
e
Ce
n
tre
(TAC)
fo
r
tro
u
b
les
h
o
o
ti
n
g
th
e
issu
e
.
E
n
g
in
e
e
rs
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
tr
o
u
b
les
h
o
o
t
ACI
c
a
se
s
m
a
n
u
a
ll
y
b
y
u
sin
g
Co
m
m
a
n
d
L
in
e
In
terfa
c
e
(CLI)
a
n
d
trac
e
fo
r
d
iffere
n
t
e
v
e
n
ts
tri
g
g
e
re
d
b
y
t
h
e
p
o
li
c
y
p
u
sh
e
s
b
y
l
o
g
s
g
e
n
e
ra
ted
a
t
d
iffere
n
t
sta
g
e
s
o
f
th
e
ACI
a
n
d
fr
o
m
d
iffere
n
t
se
rv
e
rs
re
sp
o
n
si
b
le
f
o
r
th
is,
wh
ich
i
n
d
e
e
d
is
a
v
e
ry
ted
i
o
u
s,
ti
m
e
c
o
n
su
m
i
n
g
tas
k
a
n
d
is
p
r
o
n
e
to
m
a
n
u
a
l
e
rro
rs.
Th
is
p
a
p
e
r
d
e
sc
rib
e
s
a
wa
y
to
a
u
t
o
m
a
te
th
e
e
n
ti
re
ACI
tro
u
b
les
h
o
o
ti
n
g
p
ro
c
e
ss
with
t
h
e
u
se
r
-
frien
d
l
y
G
UI
wh
ich
c
a
n
sh
o
w
th
e
e
n
ti
re
in
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
n
e
e
d
e
d
fo
r
tro
u
b
les
h
o
o
ti
n
g
b
y
e
x
trac
ti
n
g
re
le
v
a
n
t
i
n
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
a
t
e
v
e
ry
la
y
e
r.
By
m
a
k
in
g
u
se
o
f
F
S
M
m
o
d
e
ls
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
so
l
u
ti
o
n
c
a
n
b
e
e
x
ten
d
e
d
t
o
o
th
e
r
a
re
a
s
wh
ich
in
v
o
l
v
e
lo
g
a
n
a
ly
sis
u
sin
g
CLI
to
e
x
trac
t
re
lev
a
n
t
i
n
fo
rm
a
t
io
n
a
n
d
is
n
o
t
ju
st l
imited
t
o
ACI.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
Dis
tr
ib
u
ted
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
t
r
ee
Ma
n
ag
ed
o
b
jects
S
o
f
twar
e
d
ef
in
ed
n
etwo
r
k
i
n
g
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
So
wm
y
a.
K.
B
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
E
lectr
o
n
ics an
d
C
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
E
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
R
V
C
o
lleg
e
o
f
E
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
My
s
o
r
e
R
d
,
R
V
Vid
y
an
ik
etan
,
Po
s
t,
B
en
g
alu
r
u
,
Kar
n
ata
k
a
5
6
0
0
5
9
,
I
n
d
ia
E
m
ail: k
b
.
s
o
wm
y
a@
g
m
ail.
co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
So
f
twar
e
Def
in
ed
Netwo
r
k
in
g
(
SDN)
is
a
n
etwo
r
k
in
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
th
at
s
ep
ar
ates
d
ata
p
lan
e
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
p
lan
e
wh
ich
en
a
b
les
th
e
d
ata
p
lan
e
d
ev
ices
to
b
e
d
ir
ec
tly
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
ab
le
b
y
th
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
p
lan
e
an
d
th
e
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
b
elo
w
to
b
e
a
b
s
tr
ac
ted
f
o
r
n
etwo
r
k
an
d
ap
p
licatio
n
s
er
v
ices.
Ap
p
licatio
n
C
e
n
tr
ic
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
(
AC
I
)
is
SDN
s
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
C
is
co
.
W
h
ile
tr
o
u
b
lesh
o
o
tin
g
o
r
s
o
lv
in
g
an
AC
I
r
elate
d
ca
s
e,
Dis
tr
ib
u
ted
Ma
n
ag
em
en
t
E
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
(
D
ME
)
lo
g
s
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
f
o
r
a
u
d
it.
AC
I
is
ad
o
p
ted
in
n
etwo
r
k
in
g
b
ec
a
u
s
e
it
i
s
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
b
y
s
im
p
lifie
d
au
to
m
atio
n
b
y
a
n
ap
p
licatio
n
-
d
r
i
v
en
p
o
licy
m
o
d
el,
r
e
al
-
tim
e
ce
n
tr
alize
d
v
is
ib
ilit
y
,
o
p
en
s
o
f
twar
e
f
le
x
ib
ili
ty
,
s
ca
lab
le
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
an
d
m
u
lti
-
ten
an
cy
in
h
a
r
d
war
e
etc,
b
u
t
th
e
co
m
p
lex
ity
i
n
v
o
lv
e
d
in
s
o
lv
i
n
g
an
AC
I
r
elate
d
ca
s
e
is
r
e
f
lecte
d
in
th
e
lo
g
s
its
elf
,
w
h
ich
ar
e
u
s
u
ally
th
e
o
u
tp
u
ts
o
f
Ma
n
a
g
ed
Ob
jects
(
MO
s
)
ar
r
an
g
ed
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
in
f
iles
an
d
f
o
ld
er
s
.
Ass
u
m
in
g
a
p
r
o
b
lem
s
tar
ted
at
a
tim
e
an
d
is
ass
o
ciate
d
with
th
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
m
ad
e
b
y
th
e
p
er
s
o
n
wh
o
h
as
co
n
f
ig
u
r
e
d
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
,
th
is
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
th
at
is
p
u
s
h
ed
i
s
n
o
t
l
o
ca
lized
to
ju
s
t
o
n
e
d
e
v
ice,
in
s
tead
it
is
p
u
s
h
ed
to
a
ll
o
th
er
n
o
d
es
th
at
m
ig
h
t
b
e
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
th
e
AC
I
wh
ich
in
clu
d
es
r
ed
u
n
d
an
cy
m
ea
s
u
r
es
also
.
T
o
ex
ac
tly
i
d
en
tify
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
u
s
u
ally
4
d
if
f
er
en
t
k
i
n
d
o
f
f
iles
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
:
Acc
ess
lo
g
s
,
Ng
in
x
,
Po
licy
d
is
tr
,
Po
licy
m
g
r
wh
ic
h
ar
e
ass
o
ciate
d
with
AC
I
p
o
licy
p
u
s
h
es.
T
h
ese
4
lo
g
s
g
i
v
e
u
s
a
d
escr
ip
tio
n
o
f
h
o
w
th
e
co
n
f
ig
was
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Reco
n
f
ig
u
r
a
b
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2089
-
4
8
6
4
S
ystema
tis
in
g
tr
o
u
b
lesh
o
o
tin
g
o
f d
is
p
u
tes in
n
etw
o
r
k
(
S
o
w
m
ya
K
.
B
.
)
33
[1
-
4]
.
B
u
t
ea
c
h
lo
g
is
an
o
u
t
p
u
t
o
f
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
m
a
n
ag
ed
o
b
jects
r
u
n
n
in
g
asy
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
ly
in
cl
u
d
in
g
t
h
e
r
e
d
u
n
d
an
t
m
ea
s
u
r
es
to
o
.
As
th
e
s
y
s
tem
s
g
et
m
o
r
e
in
tellig
en
t
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
lex
,
th
e
o
u
tp
u
ts
g
iv
e
n
b
y
ea
c
h
p
r
o
ce
s
s
also
g
ets
i
n
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
co
m
p
lex
.
Hav
in
g
less
r
ea
d
ab
le
co
m
p
lex
an
d
in
h
er
en
tly
d
if
f
icu
lt
lo
g
s
is
n
o
t
o
n
ly
a
p
r
o
b
lem
f
o
r
cu
s
to
m
er
alo
n
e,
n
s
tead
in
cr
ea
s
es
tr
af
f
ic
at
T
AC
ce
n
ter
s
b
ec
au
s
e
ev
en
a
m
in
o
r
p
r
o
b
lem
m
a
y
cr
ea
t
e
in
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
ib
le
lo
g
o
u
t
p
u
t.
Fro
m
th
is
p
r
o
ject,
d
ev
ice
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
p
u
s
h
es
o
n
AC
I
p
r
o
d
u
cts
ca
n
b
e
v
is
u
alize
d
with
a
GUI
,
with
o
u
t
h
av
in
g
to
lo
o
k
f
o
r
d
ata
in
a
C
o
m
m
an
d
L
in
e
I
n
ter
f
ac
es
(
C
L
I
)
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ject
is
b
u
ilt
o
n
d
y
n
am
ic
r
o
o
ts
with
s
c
alab
le
an
d
r
eliab
le
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
ies
lik
e
FS
M
an
d
J
SON
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
,
s
o
th
at
it
ca
n
b
e
s
ca
led
f
u
r
th
er
o
n
s
tr
etc
h
in
g
t
o
o
t
h
er
n
etwo
r
k
in
g
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
o
t
h
er
t
h
an
AC
I
w
h
er
ev
er
lo
g
p
ar
s
in
g
a
n
d
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
is
d
o
n
e.
T
h
e
aim
is
to
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
th
e
p
r
o
jec
t
in
to
ap
p
s
ec
tio
n
o
f
API
C
GUI
its
elf
s
o
th
at
th
e
tim
e
in
v
o
lv
ed
in
d
o
wn
lo
ad
in
g
an
d
d
ec
r
y
p
tin
g
th
em
ca
n
b
e
n
a
r
r
o
wed
d
o
wn
.
2.
SO
F
T
WAR
E
D
E
F
I
N
E
D
NE
T
WO
RK
I
NG
AN
D
P
E
RF
O
RM
AN
E
O
F
ACI
2
.
1
.
Nec
ess
it
y
a
nd
f
ea
t
ures o
f
SDN
T
h
er
e
is
a
n
ec
ess
ity
o
f
co
n
n
ec
ted
d
ev
ices
with
th
e
g
r
o
wi
n
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
d
e
m
an
d
s
.
A
s
a
r
esu
lt,
n
etwo
r
k
s
an
d
in
ter
n
et
a
r
e
ex
p
an
d
in
g
at
th
e
in
c
r
ea
s
in
g
r
at
e.
W
ith
s
u
ch
a
h
u
g
e
n
etwo
r
k
s
ize,
it
is
h
ar
d
to
co
n
f
ig
u
r
e,
co
n
tr
o
l a
n
d
m
an
ag
e
n
etwo
r
k
d
ev
ices.
So
f
twar
e
Def
in
ed
Netwo
r
k
in
g
(
SDN)
ar
c
h
itectu
r
e
p
r
o
v
i
d
es a
s
o
lu
tio
n
to
th
is
b
y
s
ep
ar
atin
g
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
d
ata
f
o
r
war
d
in
g
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
o
f
n
et
wo
r
k
in
g
d
ev
ices.
I
n
tr
ad
itio
n
al
n
etwo
r
k
,
th
ese
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
wer
e
v
er
tically
s
tack
ed
o
n
th
e
d
ev
ices
an
d
h
e
n
ce
n
o
t
g
iv
in
g
en
o
u
g
h
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
[
5
-
8
]
.
SDN
n
o
t
o
n
ly
h
elp
s
in
co
n
f
ig
u
r
in
g
d
ev
ic
es
b
y
a
s
o
f
twar
e
m
eth
o
d
,
b
u
t
also
h
elp
s
in
th
e
m
ain
ten
an
ce
an
d
m
an
a
g
em
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
its
elf
in
ca
s
e
an
y
th
in
g
g
o
es
wr
o
n
g
with
d
ev
ice
o
r
an
y
f
au
lts
ar
is
e
etc.
s
in
ce
th
e
wh
o
le
co
n
t
r
o
l p
lan
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies is
v
ested
in
th
e
h
a
n
d
s
o
f
t
h
e
ce
n
tr
alize
d
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
T
o
f
ac
ilit
ate
th
is
,
it
m
ak
es
u
s
e
o
f
two
ty
p
es
o
f
Ap
p
licatio
n
Po
licy
I
n
ter
f
ac
es
(
API
s
)
v
iz
S
o
u
th
b
o
u
n
d
API
s
an
d
No
r
th
b
o
u
n
d
API
s
.
T
h
e
So
u
th
b
o
u
n
d
API
s
ar
e
r
es
p
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
th
e
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
s
ets
to
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
o
f
f
o
r
war
d
in
g
d
ev
ices.
I
t
also
en
s
u
r
es
s
m
o
o
th
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
c
o
n
tr
o
l
p
lan
e
d
ev
ices
an
d
f
o
r
war
d
in
g
d
e
v
ices
b
y
d
ef
in
i
n
g
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
r
o
to
co
l b
et
wee
n
th
em
,
a
n
d
h
en
ce
ar
e
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
t
elem
e
n
ts
in
s
ep
ar
atin
g
d
ata
p
lan
e
an
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l p
lan
e
ca
p
a
b
ilit
ies o
f
th
e
d
ev
ices.
W
h
er
ea
s
,
th
e
No
r
th
b
o
u
n
d
API
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
b
y
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
d
ev
elo
p
e
r
s
f
o
r
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
ap
p
licatio
n
s
r
el
ev
an
t
to
t
h
e
n
etwo
r
k
.
I
n
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
e
ca
s
es,
n
o
r
th
b
o
u
n
d
API
s
p
r
o
g
r
am
th
e
d
ev
ices
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
f
o
r
w
ar
d
in
g
b
y
ab
s
tr
ac
tin
g
th
e
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
-
s
et
u
s
ed
b
y
s
o
u
th
b
o
u
n
d
API
s
,
at
a
lo
wer
l
ev
el
[
9
-
1
3
]
.
Als
o
,
n
etwo
r
k
h
y
p
er
v
is
o
r
s
ar
e
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
l
ay
er
I
I
I
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
o
f
th
e
SDN
b
y
s
u
p
p
o
r
ti
n
g
v
a
r
io
u
s
v
ir
tu
al
m
ac
h
in
es to
s
h
ar
e
a
co
m
m
o
n
h
ar
d
war
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
.
2
.
2
.
F
ea
t
ures o
f
Appl
ica
t
io
n Ce
ntr
ic
I
nfr
a
s
t
ruct
ure
C
o
m
b
in
es
th
e
f
u
ll
m
esh
s
p
in
e
-
an
d
-
leaf
to
p
o
lo
g
y
with
f
in
ely
tu
n
ed
r
o
u
tin
g
an
d
s
ev
er
al
p
r
o
to
co
ls
th
at
allo
w
n
etwo
r
k
ab
s
tr
ac
tio
n
f
r
o
m
p
h
y
s
ical
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e.
T
h
is
f
lex
ib
le
an
d
r
e
d
u
n
d
a
n
t
n
etwo
r
k
e
n
ab
les
g
r
o
u
p
in
g
o
f
h
o
s
ts
to
ap
p
ly
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
o
licies
th
at
d
ef
in
e
th
e
d
ev
ice
th
e
d
ev
ices
th
a
t
ca
n
co
m
m
u
n
icate
with
ea
ch
o
t
h
er
.
E
v
en
th
o
u
g
h
AC
I
u
s
es
a
co
m
p
letely
d
if
f
er
en
t
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
m
o
d
e
l
f
r
o
m
th
e
o
u
ts
id
e
n
etwo
r
k
,
th
e
e
n
tire
AC
I
to
p
o
l
o
g
y
ap
p
ea
r
s
as
a
r
eg
u
lar
s
witch
to
th
e
o
u
ts
id
e
d
e
v
ices.
At
a
v
er
y
b
asic
lev
el,
AC
I
ca
n
b
e
th
o
u
g
h
t
o
f
as
a
C
lo
s
n
etwo
r
k
o
f
Nex
u
s
9
0
0
0
Ser
ies
Switch
es
wi
th
an
Ap
p
licatio
n
Po
licy
I
n
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
C
o
n
tr
o
ller
(
API
C
)
m
an
ag
em
en
t
p
latf
o
r
m
.
I
n
a
C
lo
s
n
etwo
r
k
,
ev
er
y
lo
wer
tier
s
witch
i
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
ev
e
r
y
u
p
p
er
tier
s
witch
,
cr
ea
tin
g
a
r
ed
u
n
d
an
t,
h
ig
h
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
esh
wh
er
e
tr
a
f
f
ic
is
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
b
etwe
en
lin
k
s
[
1
4
-
1
8
]
.
T
h
e
API
C
,
o
r
n
etwo
r
k
m
an
ag
em
en
t
p
latf
o
r
m
,
p
r
o
v
id
es
cu
s
t
o
m
er
s
with
a
s
in
g
le
p
lace
f
r
o
m
wh
ich
to
m
an
ag
e
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
.
L
ik
e
th
e
Un
if
ied
C
o
m
p
u
tin
g
Sy
s
tem
(
UC
S),
th
e
API
C
u
s
e
s
ab
s
tr
ac
tio
n
to
ea
s
e
th
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
b
u
r
d
en
,
wh
ile
p
u
s
h
in
g
d
o
wn
p
r
o
f
iles
th
at
ar
e
t
ailo
r
ed
to
ap
p
licatio
n
s
th
at
wil
l
b
e
in
s
tan
tiated
o
n
th
e
in
d
iv
id
u
al
s
witch
es.
I
n
d
o
in
g
s
o
,
AC
I
s
o
lu
tio
n
b
ec
o
m
es
m
u
ch
m
o
r
e
th
a
n
a
C
lo
s
n
etw
o
r
k
o
f
Nex
u
s
9
0
0
0
Ser
ies
Switch
es
w
ith
th
e
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t
p
latf
o
r
m
[
1
9
-
2
1
]
.
I
n
s
tead
,
it
b
ec
o
m
es
a
f
u
lly
in
teg
r
ated
,
o
p
e
n
s
y
s
tem
.
AC
I
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
e
s
am
e
ac
ce
s
s
to
o
ls
th
at
ar
e
av
ailab
le
o
n
in
d
iv
id
u
al
Nex
u
s
Ser
ies
Switch
es
with
a
m
an
ag
em
en
t
p
latf
o
r
m
.
I
n
s
tead
,
it b
ec
o
m
es a
f
u
lly
in
teg
r
ate
d
,
o
p
en
s
y
s
tem
.
3.
M
AN
AG
E
D
O
B
J
E
CT
S
A
ND
DIS
T
RI
B
U
T
E
D
M
AN
AG
E
D
I
NF
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
T
RE
E
F
O
R
T
RO
UB
L
E
SH
O
O
T
I
NG
C
las
s
es
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
ab
s
tr
ac
t
an
d
m
o
d
elin
g
ev
er
y
th
in
g
i
n
clu
d
e
p
o
licy
,
r
eso
u
r
ce
,
to
p
o
lo
g
y
,
ev
en
t
an
d
f
au
lts
in
AC
I
.
E
ac
h
o
b
ject
is
a
n
in
s
tan
ce
o
f
th
e
ce
r
tain
class
th
at
in
h
er
its
th
e
p
r
o
p
e
r
ties
an
d
m
eth
o
d
.
T
o
g
eth
er
all
o
b
jects
s
to
r
e
th
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
at
io
n
an
d
r
u
n
-
tim
e
d
ata
o
f
t
h
e
A
C
I
f
ab
r
ic.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
g
iv
es
th
e
d
escr
ip
tio
n
o
f
h
o
w
m
an
ag
e
d
o
b
jects
(
MO
s
)
ar
e
o
r
g
a
n
ized
.
E
v
e
r
y
th
in
g
is
an
o
b
ject.
Ob
jects
ar
e
h
ier
ar
ch
ically
o
r
g
a
n
ized
.
Dis
tr
ib
u
te
d
Ma
n
ag
ed
I
n
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
T
r
ee
(
d
MI
T
)
co
n
tain
s
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
s
y
s
tem
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
lik
e
d
is
co
v
er
ed
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
s
y
s
tem
co
n
f
ig
u
r
a
tio
n
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
al
s
tatu
s
in
clu
d
in
g
s
tatis
tics
an
d
f
au
lts
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
20
89
-
4
8
6
4
I
n
t J Reco
n
f
ig
u
r
a
b
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
c
h
202
1
:
32
–
36
34
A
s
in
g
le
lo
g
ical
d
MI
T
p
r
esen
ted
to
u
s
er
th
r
o
u
g
h
R
E
ST
in
ter
f
ac
e
o
n
a
n
y
API
C
.
I
n
ter
n
all
y
d
MI
T
is
s
p
lit
in
to
v
ar
io
u
s
s
er
v
ices
an
d
s
h
ar
d
s
in
v
ar
i
o
u
s
API
C
s
.
I
n
API
C
MI
T
,
ev
e
r
y
th
in
g
is
f
u
lly
d
ef
i
n
ed
as
a
n
o
b
ject.
T
h
ese
d
ef
in
itio
n
s
in
clu
d
e
th
e
en
tity
its
elf
,
an
d
a
f
u
ll
d
escr
ip
tio
n
o
f
th
e
en
tity
,
in
clu
d
in
g
its
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
,
s
tate,
r
u
n
-
tim
e
d
ata,
d
escr
ip
tio
n
,
r
ef
er
en
c
e
o
b
jects,
an
d
life
cy
cle
p
o
s
itio
n
.
T
h
e
tr
ee
is
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
en
tire
A
PIC
clu
s
ter
,
s
o
it
m
ay
b
e
r
ef
er
r
ed
to
as
th
e
DM
I
T
.
T
h
e
o
b
je
cts
ar
e
o
r
g
an
ized
in
a
h
ier
ar
ch
ical
way
,
c
r
ea
tin
g
l
o
g
ical
o
b
ject
co
n
tain
e
r
s
.
E
v
er
y
o
b
je
ct
h
as
a
p
ar
en
t,
ex
ce
p
t
t
h
e
to
p
o
b
ject,
r
o
o
t,
wh
ich
is
th
e
to
p
o
f
th
e
tr
ee
.
O
b
jects in
clu
d
e
a
class
,
wh
ich
d
escr
ib
es th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
o
b
ject
s
u
c
h
as a
p
o
r
t,
n
etwo
r
k
p
ath
,
o
r
Pack
ag
es id
en
tify
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
a
r
ea
s
to
wh
ich
th
e
o
b
jects
b
elo
n
g
.
T
h
e
DM
I
T
also
co
n
ta
in
s
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
s
y
s
tem
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
d
is
co
v
e
r
ed
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
,
s
y
s
tem
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
,
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
al
s
tatu
s
in
clu
d
in
g
s
tatis
tics
an
d
f
au
lts
.
T
h
e
u
n
if
ied
R
E
STf
u
l
API
au
to
m
atica
lly
d
eleg
ates
a
r
eq
u
est
to
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
in
th
e
MI
T
.
E
v
er
y
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
an
d
attr
ib
u
te
ar
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
as a
n
o
b
ject
in
th
e
C
is
co
API
C
MI
T
an
d
ev
er
y
o
b
ject
ca
n
b
e
m
a
n
ip
u
lated
v
ia
R
E
ST.
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
I
NF
E
R
E
N
CE
Dep
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
a
f
f
ec
ted
n
o
d
e,
tim
estam
p
o
f
th
e
ev
e
n
t,
ch
an
g
eset
etc.
th
e
s
tep
s
in
v
o
lv
e
d
in
au
to
m
atin
g
th
e
tr
o
u
b
le
s
h
o
o
tin
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
v
ar
ies.
R
esu
lts
f
o
r
th
e
ch
an
g
eset
“c
o
n
v
er
s
io
n
f
r
o
m
p
r
o
x
y
to
f
lo
o
d
”
f
o
llo
ws
th
e
s
tep
s
o
f
f
in
d
in
g
ti
m
estam
p
f
r
o
m
aa
aM
o
d
L
R
s
er
v
er
,
p
u
ll
o
u
t
th
e
POST
UR
L
f
r
o
m
th
e
J
SON
f
ile,
co
llect
m
ess
ag
e
I
D,
tr
an
s
ac
ti
o
n
I
D
etc.
wh
er
e
ea
ch
d
ata
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
f
iles
is
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t
o
n
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ly
co
llected
d
ata.
Hen
ce
,
a
Fin
ite
State
Ma
ch
in
e
(
FS
M)
is
b
u
ilt
wh
e
r
e
th
ese
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
ca
n
b
e
d
ef
in
ed
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
tr
ig
g
er
s
.
T
h
ese
FS
Ms
p
lay
an
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
r
o
le
in
au
t
o
m
atin
g
th
e
en
t
ir
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
s
h
o
ws
h
o
w
a
ty
p
ical
FS
M
lo
o
k
s
lik
e
f
o
r
t
h
e
d
ata
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
f
r
o
m
Ng
i
n
x
s
er
v
er
,
w
h
er
e
th
e
in
p
u
ts
ar
e
HT
T
P
m
eth
o
d
,
tim
estam
p
an
d
th
e
af
f
ec
te
d
n
o
d
e,
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
is
th
e
Me
s
s
ag
e
I
D
wh
ich
will
b
e
later
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
Po
licy
d
is
tr
ib
u
ter
s
er
v
er
.
T
h
ese
FS
Ms
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
a
J
SON
f
ile
ca
n
b
e
d
ir
ec
tly
im
p
o
r
te
d
to
th
e
p
y
th
o
n
s
cr
ip
t
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
lo
g
p
ar
s
in
g
.
T
o
cr
ea
te
th
e
a
b
o
v
e
-
m
en
tio
n
ed
FS
M
an
d
th
e
FS
Ms
r
elate
d
to
o
th
er
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
p
u
s
h
es,
a
web
UI
is
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
,
wh
er
e
o
n
e
ca
n
d
ef
i
n
e
th
e
FS
M
s
tate
s
,
ad
d
ev
en
ts
an
d
a
d
d
r
elev
an
t
ca
ll
b
ac
k
s
to
d
ef
in
e
th
e
s
et
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
s
wh
ich
h
av
e
t
o
f
o
llo
w
o
n
e
an
o
t
h
er
o
n
tr
ig
g
er
[
2
2
-
25
].
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Data
e
x
t
r
ac
tio
n
f
r
o
m
n
g
in
x
s
er
v
er
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
s
h
o
ws
th
e
s
cr
ee
n
s
h
o
t
o
f
th
e
web
UI
to
cr
ea
te
th
e
FS
M
ea
s
ily
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
th
i
s
p
ag
e
will
b
e
a
J
SON
f
ile
wh
ic
h
th
e
u
s
er
ca
n
d
o
wn
lo
a
d
d
ir
ec
tly
a
n
d
u
s
e
th
em
i
n
th
e
p
y
t
h
o
n
s
cr
ip
ts
w
h
ich
h
as
t
h
e
DM
I
T
an
d
m
a
n
ag
ed
o
b
jects
h
an
d
led
ef
f
icien
tly
.
On
ce
th
e
DM
I
T
is
b
u
ilt,
it
is
in
te
g
r
ated
with
d
ata
f
r
o
m
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
s
er
v
er
s
lik
e
Ng
in
x
,
AAA,
M
ess
ag
e
b
r
o
k
er
,
C
o
n
f
ig
C
o
n
f
M
O,
I
n
tr
a
Fab
r
ic
Me
s
s
ag
er
(
I
F
M)
etc.
o
f
th
e
d
ata
ce
n
ter
in
th
e
AC
I
f
a
b
r
ic.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Scr
ee
n
s
h
o
t o
f
t
h
e
we
b
UI
to
cr
ea
te
t
h
e
FS
M
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Reco
n
f
ig
u
r
a
b
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2089
-
4
8
6
4
S
ystema
tis
in
g
tr
o
u
b
lesh
o
o
tin
g
o
f d
is
p
u
tes in
n
etw
o
r
k
(
S
o
w
m
ya
K
.
B
.
)
35
T
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
in
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
at
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
tag
es
o
f
th
e
AC
I
p
o
l
icy
p
u
s
h
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
b
e
v
ie
wed
ea
s
ily
as
th
e
d
ata
f
lo
w
p
at
h
is
clea
r
l
y
d
ef
i
n
ed
a
n
d
r
elev
an
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
k
e
y
wo
r
d
s
a
r
e
d
is
p
la
y
ed
clea
r
ly
.
W
h
ile
tr
ad
itio
n
ally
,
en
g
in
ee
r
s
u
s
ed
t
o
g
r
ep
f
o
r
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
d
ata
a
cr
o
s
s
lo
ts
o
f
s
h
o
wtec
h
f
iles
an
d
f
o
ld
e
r
s
with
th
e
h
elp
o
f
C
o
m
m
an
d
L
in
e
I
n
ter
f
ac
e
(
C
L
I
)
.
As
it
is
h
o
v
e
r
ed
o
v
er
ev
er
y
n
o
d
e
in
th
e
GUI
,
r
elev
an
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
at
th
at
s
tag
e
is
d
is
p
lay
ed
.
T
h
e
s
u
itab
le
J
SON
f
ile
s
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
i
n
g
th
at
s
tag
e
ca
n
also
b
e
v
iew
ed
b
y
zo
o
m
in
g
in
t
o
th
at
n
o
d
e
o
f
th
e
GUI
.
Fro
m
th
e
ab
o
v
e
-
m
en
ti
o
n
ed
r
e
s
u
lts
,
it
ca
n
b
e
in
f
e
r
r
ed
th
at
t
h
e
en
tire
AC
I
t
r
o
u
b
lesh
o
o
tin
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ca
n
b
e
au
to
m
ated
with
th
e
u
s
er
-
f
r
ien
d
ly
GUI
wh
ich
ca
n
s
h
o
w
t
h
e
en
tire
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
n
ee
d
e
d
f
o
r
tr
o
u
b
lesh
o
o
tin
g
b
y
ex
tr
ac
tin
g
r
elev
an
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
at
ev
er
y
lay
er
o
f
th
e
A
C
I
.
T
h
is
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
n
ee
d
ed
i
s
n
o
t
a
g
en
er
al
o
n
e
wh
ich
is
co
m
m
o
n
to
all
th
e
ca
s
es,
h
en
ce
th
is
is
s
u
e
is
ad
d
r
ess
ed
b
y
m
ak
in
g
u
s
e
o
f
f
in
ite
s
tate
m
ac
h
in
es
wh
ich
co
n
s
id
er
s
all
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
ca
s
es
an
d
t
h
e
d
ata
f
lo
w
p
ath
is
d
ef
in
ed
f
o
r
ea
ch
o
f
th
em
.
B
y
m
ak
in
g
u
s
e
o
f
FS
M
m
o
d
els
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
o
lu
tio
n
ca
n
b
e
ex
ten
d
ed
to
o
t
h
er
ar
ea
s
wh
ich
in
v
o
lv
e
l
o
g
an
aly
s
is
u
s
in
g
C
L
I
to
ex
tr
ac
t
r
elev
an
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
is
n
o
t
ju
s
t
lim
ited
to
A
C
I
.
Dif
f
er
en
t
FS
Ms
ca
n
b
e
d
esig
n
ed
to
s
u
ite
d
if
f
er
en
t
ap
p
lic
atio
n
s
an
d
f
i
n
ally
a
J
SON
f
ile
will
b
e
g
en
e
r
ated
w
h
ich
h
as
all
th
e
r
elev
an
t
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
a
d
ictio
n
ar
y
.
Fin
ally
,
all
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
d
ata
ca
n
b
e
v
iewe
d
in
a
r
ea
d
ab
le
f
o
r
m
at
b
y
u
p
lo
ad
in
g
th
is
J
S
ON
f
ile
to
th
e
GUI
o
th
er
th
an
d
o
i
n
g
it
m
an
u
ally
.
So
m
e
n
o
tab
le
f
ea
t
u
r
es
o
f
t
h
is
au
to
m
atio
n
to
o
l
ar
e
to
R
ed
u
ce
tim
e
co
m
p
lex
ity
wh
ile
in
c
r
ea
s
in
g
v
alu
e
ad
d
itio
n
t
o
th
e
AC
I
team
Scalab
le
to
o
th
er
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
.
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
AC
I
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
en
s
u
r
es
ag
ilit
y
,
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
ab
ilit
y
,
b
etter
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
d
r
e
d
u
ce
d
co
m
p
l
ex
ity
.
T
h
is
is
b
ased
o
n
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
ce
n
tr
ic
m
o
d
el
wh
er
e
a
p
p
licatio
n
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
d
ec
id
e
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
n
o
t
th
e
o
th
er
way
ar
o
u
n
d
.
As
is
a
r
esu
lt
it
i
s
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e
to
all
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
in
g
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
as
it
d
o
esn
’
t
in
clu
d
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
o
f
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
p
h
y
s
ic
al
d
e
v
ices
ex
p
licitly
,
r
at
h
er
a
r
e
au
t
o
m
atica
lly
d
o
n
e
wh
en
e
v
er
n
ew
p
o
licy
p
u
s
h
is
d
o
n
e
t
o
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
p
o
licy
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
,
wh
ich
s
av
es
a
g
r
ea
t
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
tim
e
an
d
e
r
ad
icate
s
th
e
er
r
o
r
s
wh
ich
m
ay
o
cc
u
r
th
r
o
u
g
h
m
an
u
al
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
.
T
h
is
wo
r
k
was
an
attem
p
t
to
s
av
e
t
h
e
tim
e
o
f
e
n
g
in
ee
r
s
e
v
en
m
o
r
e
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
tr
o
u
b
lesh
o
o
tin
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
th
e
is
s
u
es
r
aised
d
u
e
to
th
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
al
ch
an
g
es
o
r
p
o
lic
y
p
u
s
h
es
m
ad
e
to
th
e
AC
I
f
ab
r
ic.
Gen
er
ally
s
o
lv
in
g
a
n
A
C
I
ca
s
e
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
tak
es
two
wee
k
s
to
g
r
ep
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
all
th
e
lo
g
s
f
o
r
au
d
it.
B
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
ab
o
v
e
d
escr
ib
e
d
au
to
m
atio
n
t
o
o
l,
th
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
g
o
in
g
g
et
f
aster
an
d
m
o
r
e
r
eliab
le.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
A
.
P
ra
s,
J
.
S
c
h
o
n
wa
ld
e
r,
M
.
Bu
r
g
e
ss
,
O
.
F
e
sto
r,
G
.
M
.
P
e
re
z
,
R
.
S
t
a
d
ler,
a
n
d
B
.
S
ti
ll
e
r,
“
Ke
y
Re
se
a
rc
h
Ch
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s i
n
Ne
two
rk
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t,
”
IEE
E
C
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
M
a
g
a
zin
e
,
v
o
l
.
4
5
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
1
0
4
-
1
1
0
,
2
0
0
7
.
[
2
]
B
.
Je
n
n
in
g
s,
S
.
V.
D.
M
e
e
r,
S
.
Ba
las
u
b
ra
m
a
n
iam
,
D
.
B
o
t
v
ich
,
M
.
O
F
o
g
h
lu
,
a
n
d
W
.
D
o
n
n
e
ll
y
,
“
T
o
wa
rd
s
Au
t
o
n
o
m
ic
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
C
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
Ne
two
rk
s,
”
IEE
E
C
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
M
a
g
a
zi
n
e
,
v
o
l.
4
5
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
1
1
2
-
1
2
1
,
2
0
0
7
.
[
3
]
S
.
Ad
a
m
s,
IT
IL
V3
Fo
u
n
d
a
t
io
n
H
a
n
d
b
o
o
k
,
T
h
e
S
tati
o
n
e
r
y
Offic
e
,
2
0
0
9
.
[
4
]
D.
Op
e
e
n
h
e
ime
r,
A.
G
a
n
a
p
a
th
i,
a
n
d
A.
P
e
tt
e
rso
n
,
“
Wh
y
d
o
in
tern
e
t
se
rv
ice
s
fa
il
a
n
d
wh
a
t
c
a
n
b
e
d
o
n
e
a
b
o
u
t
it
?
”
i
n
US
IT
S
'
0
3
:
Pr
o
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
4
t
h
US
ENIX
S
y
mp
o
si
u
m
o
n
In
ter
n
e
t
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
a
n
d
S
y
ste
ms
,
S
e
a
tt
le,
W
A,
US
A
,
v
o
l.
6
7
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
6
,
M
a
r.
2
0
0
3
.
[
5
]
J.
S
tras
sn
e
r,
“
Ho
w
p
o
li
c
y
e
m
p
o
we
rs
b
u
sin
e
ss
-
d
ri
v
e
n
d
e
v
ice
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t,
”
in
T
h
ir
d
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
W
o
rk
sh
o
p
o
n
Po
li
c
ies
f
o
r Distri
b
u
te
d
S
y
ste
ms
a
n
d
Ne
tw
o
rk
s
,
2
0
0
2
,
p
p
.
2
1
4
-
2
1
7
.
[
6
]
Z.
Ke
rra
v
a
la,
As
th
e
v
a
lu
e
o
f
e
n
t
e
rp
rise
n
e
two
rk
s
e
sc
a
la
tes
,
s
o
d
o
e
s
th
e
n
e
e
d
f
o
r
c
o
n
fi
g
u
ra
ti
o
n
m
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
,
Th
e
Ya
n
k
e
e
G
ro
u
p
,
Ja
n
.
2
0
0
4
.
[
7
]
D.
Kre
u
tz,
F
.
M
.
V.
Ra
m
o
s,
P
.
E
.
Ve
ríssim
o
,
C
.
E
.
R
o
th
e
n
b
e
rg
,
S
.
Az
o
d
o
lmo
l
k
y
a
n
d
S
.
Uh
li
g
,
“
S
o
ftwa
re
-
De
fin
e
d
Ne
two
rk
in
g
:
A C
o
m
p
re
h
e
n
si
v
e
S
u
rv
e
y
,
”
in
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s o
f
th
e
IE
E
E
,
v
o
l.
1
0
3
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
4
-
7
6
,
2
0
1
4
.
[
8
]
N.
El
M
o
u
ss
a
id
,
A.
To
u
m
a
n
a
ri
a
n
d
M
.
El
Az
h
a
ri,
“
S
e
c
u
rit
y
a
n
a
ly
sis
a
s
so
f
twa
re
-
d
e
fin
e
d
se
c
u
rit
y
fo
r
S
DN
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
t,
”
2
0
1
7
F
o
u
rth
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
S
o
ft
w
a
re
De
fi
n
e
d
S
y
ste
ms
(S
DS
)
,
V
a
len
c
i
a
,
2
0
1
7
,
p
p
.
87
-
92
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
S
DS.
2
0
1
7
.
7
9
3
9
1
4
6
.
[
9
]
O.
M
ich
e
l
a
n
d
E.
Ke
ll
e
r,
“
S
D
N
in
wi
d
e
-
a
re
a
n
e
two
rk
s:
A
su
rv
e
y
,
”
2
0
1
7
Fo
u
rth
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
S
o
ft
w
a
re
De
fi
n
e
d
S
y
ste
ms
(S
DS
),
Va
len
c
ia
,
2
0
1
7
,
p
p
.
37
-
42
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/S
DS
.
2
0
1
7
.
7
9
3
9
1
3
8
.
[
1
0
]
R.
L.
S
m
e
li
a
n
sk
y
,
“
S
DN
fo
r
n
e
t
wo
rk
se
c
u
rit
y
,
”
in
2
0
1
4
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
(M
o
d
e
rn
Ne
two
rk
in
g
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
)
(M
o
Ne
T
e
C),
M
o
sc
o
w
,
2
0
1
4
,
p
p
.
1
-
5
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/M
o
Ne
TeC.2
0
1
4
.
6
9
9
5
6
0
2
.
[
1
1
]
D.
B.
Ho
a
n
g
a
n
d
M
.
P
h
a
m
,
“
O
n
so
ftwa
re
-
d
e
fin
e
d
n
e
two
r
k
in
g
a
n
d
t
h
e
d
e
sig
n
o
f
S
DN
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
rs,
”
in
2
0
1
5
6
t
h
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
t
h
e
Ne
two
rk
o
f
t
h
e
F
u
tu
re
(
NOF),
M
o
n
tre
a
l,
QC
,
2
0
1
5
,
p
p
.
1
-
3
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/NOF
.
2
0
1
5
.
7
3
3
3
3
0
7
.
[
1
2
]
D
.
R.
G
a
rriso
n
a
n
d
M
.
F
.
Clev
e
la
n
d
-
I
n
n
e
s
,
“
F
o
u
n
d
a
ti
o
n
s
o
f
d
istan
c
e
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,”
In
M
.
F
.
Clev
e
lan
d
-
In
n
e
s
a
n
d
D.R.
G
a
rriso
n
,
Ed
s.
,
Ne
w
Yo
rk
,
NY
:
Ro
u
tl
e
d
g
e
,
An
i
n
tro
d
u
c
ti
o
n
t
o
d
ista
n
c
e
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
:
Un
d
e
rs
ta
n
d
i
n
g
tea
c
h
in
g
a
n
d
lea
rn
in
g
i
n
a
n
e
w
e
ra
,
2
0
1
0
,
p
p
.
13
-
2
5
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
20
89
-
4
8
6
4
I
n
t J Reco
n
f
ig
u
r
a
b
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
c
h
202
1
:
32
–
36
36
[
1
3
]
D.
R.
G
a
rriso
n
a
n
d
H.
Ka
n
u
k
a
,
“
Ch
a
n
g
i
n
g
d
istan
c
e
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
c
h
a
n
g
i
n
g
o
r
g
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
issu
e
s
,”
Ne
w
Yo
rk
,
NY
:
Ro
u
tl
e
d
g
e
,
In
W.
J.
Bra
m
b
le
a
n
d
S
.
P
a
n
d
a
,
E
d
s.,
Eco
n
o
mic
s
o
f
d
is
ta
n
c
e
a
n
d
o
n
l
in
e
lea
rn
i
n
g
:
T
h
e
o
r
y
,
p
ra
c
ti
c
e
,
a
n
d
re
se
a
rc
h
,
2
0
0
8
,
p
p
.
1
3
-
25
.
[
1
4
]
P.
G
o
o
d
y
e
a
r,
S.
Ba
n
k
s,
V.
Ho
d
g
s
o
n
,
a
n
d
D.
M
c
Co
n
n
e
ll
,
“
Re
se
a
rc
h
o
n
n
e
two
rk
e
d
lea
rn
i
n
g
:
An
o
v
e
rv
iew
Do
rd
re
c
h
t,
”
Ne
th
e
rlan
d
:
Kl
u
we
r
Ac
a
d
e
m
ic
P
u
b
li
sh
e
rs
,
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
s
in
Res
e
a
rc
h
o
n
Ne
tw
o
rk
e
d
L
e
a
rn
in
g
,
2
0
0
4
,
p
p
.
1
-
9
.
[
1
5
]
D.
Ha
rris,
“
Tran
sfo
rm
in
g
d
ista
n
c
e
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
:
In
w
h
o
se
in
tere
sts?
”
In
T.
Ev
a
n
s,
M
.
Ha
u
g
h
e
y
a
n
d
D.
M
u
r
p
h
y
,
E
d
s.
,
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
h
a
n
d
b
o
o
k
o
f
d
ist
a
n
c
e
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
Bi
n
g
ley
,
UK: E
me
ra
l
d
,
2
0
0
8
,
p
p
.
4
1
7
-
4
3
2
.
[
1
6
]
B.
Ho
lmb
e
rg
,
"
A
th
e
o
r
y
o
f
tea
c
h
in
g
-
lea
rn
i
n
g
c
o
n
v
e
rsa
ti
o
n
s
,”
In
M
.
G
.
M
o
o
re
,
Ed
.
,
H
a
n
d
b
o
o
k
o
f
d
ist
a
n
c
e
e
d
u
c
a
t
io
n
2
rd
e
d
.
,
M
a
h
wa
h
,
NJ
:
Erl
b
a
u
m
,
2
0
0
7
,
p
p
.
6
9
-
7
5
.
[
1
7
]
P.
Ic
e
,
"
Th
e
fu
tu
re
o
f
lea
rn
i
n
g
te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
:
Tran
sfo
rm
a
ti
o
n
a
l
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
ts
,”
In
M
.
F
.
Clev
e
lan
d
-
In
n
e
s
a
n
d
D.R.
G
a
rriso
n
,
Ed
s.
,
A
n
in
tr
o
d
u
c
ti
o
n
t
o
d
ista
n
c
e
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
:
Un
d
e
rs
ta
n
d
in
g
tea
c
h
in
g
a
n
d
lea
rn
i
n
g
i
n
a
n
e
w
e
ra
,
2
0
1
0
,
p
p
.
137
-
1
6
4
.
[
1
8
]
C.
Jo
n
e
s,
Ne
two
rk
e
d
lea
rn
i
n
g
:
An
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
p
a
r
a
d
i
g
m
fo
r
t
h
e
a
g
e
o
f
d
i
g
it
a
l
n
e
tw
o
rk
s
,
Ver
la
g
,
S
wi
tze
rlan
d
:
S
p
rin
g
e
r
,
2
0
1
5
.
[
1
9
]
K.
S
wa
n
,
“
Tea
c
h
in
g
a
n
d
lea
rn
i
n
g
i
n
p
o
st
-
in
d
u
strial
d
istan
c
e
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,”
In
M
.
F
.
Clev
e
lan
d
-
I
n
n
e
s
a
n
d
D.
R.
G
a
rriso
n
,
Ed
s.,
A
n
i
n
tro
d
u
c
ti
o
n
to
d
ista
n
c
e
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
:
R
o
u
tl
e
d
g
e
,
2
0
1
0
,
p
p
.
1
0
8
-
1
3
4
.
[
2
0
]
H.
Ka
n
u
k
a
C
.
Bro
o
k
s,
“
Dista
n
c
e
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
in
a
p
o
st
-
F
o
r
d
ist
t
ime
:
Ne
g
o
ti
a
ti
n
g
d
iffere
n
c
e
,”
In
M
.
F
.
Clev
e
lan
d
-
In
n
e
s
a
n
d
D.
R.
G
a
rriso
n
Ed
s
.
,
A
n
in
tr
o
d
u
c
ti
o
n
t
o
d
ist
a
n
c
e
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
:
U
n
d
e
rs
ta
n
d
i
n
g
te
a
c
h
in
g
a
n
d
lea
rn
i
n
g
i
n
a
n
e
w
e
ra
,
2
0
1
0
,
p
p
.
6
9
-
9
0
.
[
2
1
]
P.
Tro
wle
r,
“
Wi
c
k
e
d
issu
e
s
in
sit
u
a
ti
n
g
th
e
o
r
y
i
n
c
lo
se
-
u
p
re
se
a
rc
h
,
”
Hig
h
e
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d
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[
2
2
]
A.
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ley
,
“
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it
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rk
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a
p
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a
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ti
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n
T.
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s
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.
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.
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t
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rn
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ti
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.
[
2
3
]
T.
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d
C
.
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in
c
lair,
“
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latio
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.
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rc
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b
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[
2
4
]
S.
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u
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-
Ro
se
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b
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t,
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d
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c
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ti
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d
ig
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tal
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:
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o
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rn
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Ed
u
c
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ti
o
n
,
v
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l.
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,
p
p
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1
0
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2
,
2
0
0
9
.
[
2
5
]
S.
G
u
ri
-
Ro
se
n
b
li
t,
Dig
it
a
l
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
in
h
i
g
h
e
r e
d
u
c
a
ti
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n
:
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we
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p
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p
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ta
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d
a
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S
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u
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ish
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rs,
In
c
.
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2
0
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.
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AUTH
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s.
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