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n
g
th
e
a
m
p
li
f
ier
s
to
s
h
o
r
t
-
r
an
g
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
I
t
i
s
i
n
cr
ea
s
in
g
l
y
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
to
u
s
e
m
o
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e
ef
f
icien
t
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o
w
er
co
m
b
in
in
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
in
o
r
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er
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
er
c
ap
ab
ilit
y
o
f
p
o
w
er
a
m
p
li
f
ier
s
in
o
r
d
er
to
en
ab
le
m
ed
i
u
m
a
n
d
lo
n
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r
a
n
g
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
ai
m
s
at
e
x
p
lo
r
in
g
t
h
e
ch
al
len
g
es
f
ac
in
g
t
h
e
d
esig
n
an
d
i
m
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
o
f
6
0
GH
z
p
o
w
er
a
m
p
li
f
ier
s
i
n
s
tan
d
ar
d
4
5
n
m
C
MO
S
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
,
m
o
d
eli
n
g
,
an
d
la
y
o
u
t
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
o
f
b
o
t
h
p
ass
iv
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es
s
u
c
h
as
i
n
d
u
cto
r
s
,
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
,
as
w
el
l
as
ac
tiv
e
d
ev
ice
s
o
p
er
atin
g
at
6
0
GHz
ar
e
in
v
e
s
ti
g
ated
.
Di
f
f
er
e
n
t
p
o
w
er
co
m
b
i
n
i
n
g
to
p
o
lo
g
ie
s
f
o
r
g
en
er
atin
g
h
i
g
h
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
er
f
r
o
m
lo
w
R
F
p
o
w
er
i
s
p
r
esen
ted
.
A
P
o
w
er
a
m
p
l
if
ier
is
a
n
elec
tr
o
n
ic
d
e
v
ice
t
h
at
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ec
eiv
es
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elec
tr
ical
s
i
g
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al
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
ta
g
e
s
u
c
h
as
m
o
d
u
lato
r
an
d
r
ep
r
o
ce
s
s
es
it
to
a
m
p
li
f
y
o
r
in
cr
ea
s
e
its
p
o
w
er
o
u
tp
u
t.
R
F
P
o
w
er
A
m
p
li
f
ier
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
in
a
w
id
e
v
ar
iet
y
o
f
ap
p
licatio
n
s
in
c
lu
d
i
n
g
W
ir
eless
C
o
m
m
u
n
ic
a
tio
n
,
T
V
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
,
R
A
D
AR
an
d
R
F
h
ea
ti
n
g
.
T
h
e
b
asic
b
lo
ck
d
ia
g
r
a
m
o
f
tr
an
s
ce
i
v
er
is
a
s
d
ep
icted
in
F
ig
u
r
e
2
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
a
m
p
li
f
ier
is
t
h
e
f
i
n
al
ac
ti
v
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t in
tr
a
n
s
m
itt
er
c
h
ain
[2
-
4]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
6
0
GHz
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
b
a
n
d
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Gen
er
ic
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lo
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d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
tr
an
s
ce
i
v
er
P
o
w
er
Am
p
l
if
ier
is
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
tr
an
s
m
i
tter
f
r
o
n
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en
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d
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s
ed
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y
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itted
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e
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ec
eiv
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d
d
ec
o
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ed
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it
h
o
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t
er
r
o
r
.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
o
f
P
A
s
,
es
p
ec
iall
y
f
o
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lin
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r
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o
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er
atio
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icu
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n
p
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tice,
P
A
d
es
ig
n
h
as i
n
v
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ed
a
s
u
b
s
t
an
tial a
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o
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n
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tr
ial
an
d
er
r
o
r
,
th
at
i
s
w
h
y
d
is
cr
ete
an
d
h
y
b
r
id
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m
p
le
m
en
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o
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s
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av
e
tr
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al
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d
.
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h
e
m
ai
n
o
b
j
ec
tiv
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o
f
d
esi
g
n
i
n
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a
p
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r
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m
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li
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ier
i
s
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ie
v
e
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o
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e
r
g
ai
n
,
t
h
e
o
u
tp
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t
i
m
p
ed
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ce
o
f
p
o
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er
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m
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li
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ier
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ee
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atc
h
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ith
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e
i
n
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u
t
i
m
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ed
a
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o
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te
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n
a
f
o
r
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
tr
an
s
f
er
an
d
f
in
all
y
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
o
f
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
ta
g
e
n
ee
d
to
b
e
m
atch
ed
w
it
h
i
n
p
u
t i
m
p
ed
a
n
ce
o
f
p
o
w
er
a
m
p
li
f
ier
[
5
,
6
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:2
0
8
9
-
4
864
I
nt
J
R
ec
o
n
f
i
g
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m
b
ed
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ed
S
y
s
t
V
o
l.
8
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
2
0
1
9
:
16
–
26
16
2.
DE
S
I
G
N
M
E
T
RICS
F
O
R
P
O
WE
R
AM
P
L
I
F
I
E
R
T
h
e
m
ai
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
p
ar
am
eter
s
f
o
r
th
e
p
o
w
er
a
m
p
l
if
i
er
ar
e
th
e
lev
el
o
f
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
er
it
ca
n
ac
h
iev
e,
d
ep
en
d
i
n
g
o
n
th
e
tar
g
eted
ap
p
licatio
n
,
lin
ea
r
it
y
,
a
n
d
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
t
w
o
b
asic
d
ef
in
i
tio
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
P
A
.
2
.
1
.
E
f
f
iciency
Gen
er
all
y
th
e
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
is
d
ef
in
ed
as
t
h
e
r
atio
o
f
o
u
tp
u
t
p
ar
a
m
eter
to
th
e
i
n
p
u
t
p
ar
a
m
eter
.
I
n
p
o
w
er
a
m
p
li
f
ier
th
er
e
ar
e
b
asicall
y
t
w
o
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
ef
f
ic
ie
n
c
y
.
a.
T
he
dra
i
n e
f
f
iciency
: T
h
e
d
r
ain
e
f
f
icien
c
y
i
s
t
h
e
r
atio
b
et
w
e
en
t
h
e
R
F o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
er
to
th
e
d
c
co
n
s
u
m
ed
p
o
w
er
.
b.
T
he
po
w
er
a
dd
ed
ef
f
iciency
(
P
AE
)
:
T
h
e
p
o
w
er
ad
d
ed
ef
f
ic
ien
c
y
is
t
h
e
r
atio
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
o
f
th
e
R
F o
u
tp
u
t p
o
w
er
an
d
th
e
R
F i
n
p
u
t p
o
w
er
to
t
h
e
d
c
co
n
s
u
m
ed
p
o
w
er
.
P
A
E
is
d
ef
i
n
ed
b
y
(
1
)
.
DC
IN
RF
O
UT
RF
P
P
P
P
A
E
,
,
(
1)
T
h
e
P
A
E
is
a
m
o
r
e
p
r
ac
tical
m
ea
s
u
r
e
as
it
ac
co
u
n
ts
f
o
r
th
e
p
o
w
er
g
ai
n
o
f
th
e
a
m
p
lif
ier
.
As th
e
p
o
w
er
g
ai
n
d
ec
r
ea
s
es,
m
o
r
e
s
tag
e
s
w
ill b
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
.
Sin
ce
ea
c
h
s
ta
g
e
w
ill
co
n
s
u
m
e
a
ce
r
tain
a
m
o
u
n
t o
f
p
o
w
er
,
th
e
o
v
er
all
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
w
ill i
n
cr
ea
s
e,
t
h
u
s
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
th
e
o
v
er
al
l e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
.
2
.
2
.
1
-
dB
Co
m
pres
s
io
n P
o
int
T
h
is
p
ar
am
eter
q
u
an
tifie
s
th
e
l
in
ea
r
p
o
w
er
h
an
d
li
n
g
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
o
f
an
a
m
p
li
f
ier
.
I
t
is
r
ef
er
r
ed
as
s
ig
n
a
l
po
w
er
at
w
h
ich
t
h
e
s
m
a
ll
s
i
g
n
al
g
ain
is
co
m
p
r
es
s
ed
b
y
1
-
d
B
.
I
f
th
e
s
i
g
n
al
p
o
w
er
i
s
o
u
tp
u
t
it
i
s
ca
lled
a
s
o
u
tp
u
t
1
-
d
B
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
p
o
in
t(
OP
1dB
)
.
I
f
s
i
g
n
al
p
o
w
er
i
s
r
ef
er
r
ed
as
in
p
u
t
it
i
s
ca
ll
ed
as
in
p
u
t
1
-
d
B
co
m
p
r
es
s
io
n
p
o
in
t
(
IP
1dB
)
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t a
n
d
i
n
p
u
t c
o
m
p
r
es
s
io
n
p
o
in
ts
ar
e
r
elate
d
b
y
(
2
)
.
dB
dB
IP
G
OP
1
1
2
.
3
.
P
o
w
er
G
a
in
P
o
w
er
Gai
n
is
d
ef
in
ed
as
in
L
P
P
G
(2
)
T
r
an
s
d
u
ce
r
g
ain
G
T
i
s
d
ef
i
n
ed
as
a
L
T
P
P
G
(3
)
Av
ailab
le
g
a
in
G
A
i
s
d
ef
i
n
ed
as
a
AT
A
P
P
G
(4
)
2
.
4
.
L
inea
rit
y
T
h
e
lin
ea
r
it
y
is
s
u
e
e
x
i
s
ted
d
ep
en
d
in
g
th
e
t
y
p
e
o
f
m
o
d
u
lati
o
n
s
c
h
e
m
e
in
co
r
p
o
r
ated
in
m
o
d
u
latio
n
.
I
n
tr
an
s
m
itter
s
ec
t
io
n
i
f
t
h
e
a
m
p
lit
u
d
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
is
i
n
co
r
p
o
r
ated
th
en
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
a
m
p
li
f
i
er
n
ee
d
to
b
e
lin
ea
r
r
eg
io
n
.
I
n
p
o
w
er
a
m
p
l
if
ier
t
h
e
tr
ad
e
-
o
f
f
e
x
is
t
b
et
w
ee
n
ef
f
ici
en
c
y
a
n
d
lin
ea
r
it
y
.
A
s
s
u
m
e
t
h
at
th
e
in
p
u
t
g
i
v
e
n
to
d
esig
n
ed
p
o
w
er
a
m
p
li
f
ier
is
a
m
p
lit
u
d
e
m
o
d
u
lated
w
av
e(
V
in
(
t)
)
,
if
th
e
p
o
w
er
a
m
p
li
f
ier
is
h
ig
h
l
y
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
in
n
atu
r
e.
T
h
en
o
u
tp
u
t o
f
t
h
e
a
m
p
lif
ier
V
d
is
g
iv
e
n
b
y
;
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
3
3
2
2
1
t
V
a
t
V
a
t
V
a
t
AV
V
in
in
in
in
d
(5
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
R
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2089
-
4864
Desig
n
o
f a
6
0
GHz
p
o
w
er a
mp
lifi
erin
a
4
5
n
m
C
MOS
(
R
a
s
h
mi
S
.
B
.
)
17
T
h
is
n
o
n
li
n
ea
r
it
y
n
ee
d
to
b
e
m
in
i
m
ized
i
n
a
m
p
li
tu
d
e
m
o
d
u
lated
o
u
tp
u
t
f
o
r
r
ec
o
v
er
in
g
t
h
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
p
r
ese
n
t i
n
th
e
e
n
v
elo
p
o
f
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t.
2
.
5
.
Adj
a
ce
nt
Cha
nn
el
P
o
w
e
r
Ra
t
io
;
ACP
R
T
h
is
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
p
ar
a
m
eter
i
s
in
as
s
o
ciatio
n
w
i
th
li
n
ea
r
it
y
.
I
t is g
i
v
en
b
y
;
)
(
f
P
P
A
CPR
(6
)
I
t
is
d
ef
in
ed
as
th
e
r
atio
o
f
th
e
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o
w
er
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s
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it
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f
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et
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r
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n
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2
.
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.
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e
a
t
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atter
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atio
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m
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o
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t
r
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s
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n
f
o
r
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
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o
w
er
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
.
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h
e
h
ig
h
er
th
e
e
f
f
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e
lo
n
g
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e
s
ta
n
d
b
y
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e
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n
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tal
k
ti
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n
g
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h
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e
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es
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n
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al
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g
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e
m
a
x
i
m
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m
o
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t
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n
o
t
li
m
i
ted
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t
it
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n
d
is
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h
e
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o
f
o
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t
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o
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er
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th
e
h
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n
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is
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i
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f
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tr
an
s
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ip
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h
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clas
s
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A
ca
n
o
u
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t
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p
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er
o
f
0
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5
3
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.
if
class
C
P
A
is
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h
o
s
e
n
th
en
it
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n
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t
3
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o
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t
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m
e
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n
g
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t
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o
n
s
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ates
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m
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n
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ce
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t p
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e
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al
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j
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ax
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m
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m
j
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r
e,
T
c
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s
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r
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n
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n
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ed
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ct
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r
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es
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en
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o
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th
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s
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ta
n
t
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iq
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p
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a.
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t
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f
f
f
r
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y
f
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b.
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x
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m
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ased
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ased
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atch
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atch
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atch
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r
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I
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