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49
~
57
I
SS
N:
2722
-
3221
,
DOI
: 1
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ase
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m
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y
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s
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n
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CC
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s
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uth
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:
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r
an
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ail:
tej
ar
ate
m
r
o
o
z@
g
m
ai
l.c
o
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
s
i
m
p
lest
Op
er
atio
n
al
Am
p
lif
ier
(
Op
-
Am
p
)
is
a
h
ig
h
-
g
a
in
d
if
f
er
e
n
tial
a
m
p
lifie
r
.
T
h
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
th
is
g
ai
n
in
t
h
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
10
1
-
10
5
is
s
u
f
f
icien
t
f
o
r
Op
-
Am
p
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
Op
-
Am
p
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
p
ar
am
eter
s
ar
e:
o
p
en
-
lo
o
p
g
ai
n
,
s
m
all
s
ig
n
al
b
an
d
w
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t
h
,
lar
g
e
s
i
g
n
a
l
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
,
o
u
tp
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t
s
w
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g
,
li
n
ea
r
it
y
,
n
o
is
e,
o
f
f
s
e
t
an
d
s
u
p
p
l
y
r
ej
ec
tio
n
[
1
]
,
[
2
]
.
B
y
d
e
s
ig
n
i
n
g
an
Op
-
Am
p
,
th
ese
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
ar
e
co
m
m
u
n
icate
d
w
it
h
ea
ch
o
th
er
.
Sin
g
l
e
ca
s
co
d
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
ial
a
m
p
li
f
ier
s
w
it
h
i
n
teg
r
ated
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
ca
n
h
ar
d
l
y
p
r
o
d
u
ce
m
u
c
h
g
ai
n
.
T
h
e
b
an
d
w
id
th
i
s
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
y
th
e
lo
ad
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
.
T
o
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
h
ig
h
g
ai
n
,
d
if
f
er
e
n
tial
ca
s
co
d
es
ar
e
u
s
ed
.
T
h
ese
ca
s
co
d
e
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
l
ie
b
et
w
ee
n
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
lies
a
n
d
lo
ad
c
u
r
r
en
t
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
W
h
e
n
t
h
e
MO
S
FET
s
o
f
ea
ch
b
r
an
ch
ar
e
alig
n
ed
w
it
h
ea
ch
o
th
er
,
t
h
e
y
cr
ea
te
a
telesco
p
ic
-
li
k
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e.
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h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
is
t
y
p
e
o
f
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
is
k
n
o
wn
as
telesco
p
ic
Op
-
Am
p
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lti
n
g
c
ir
cu
it
i
s
s
y
m
m
etr
ic
w
it
h
ea
ch
o
f
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
lo
ad
s
g
e
n
e
r
ated
b
y
t
h
e
ca
s
ca
d
e
cu
r
r
en
t so
u
r
ce
.
T
h
eir
o
u
tp
u
t sw
i
n
g
s
ar
e
also
lim
ited
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
s
h
o
r
t
-
c
ir
cu
it p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
in
p
u
ts
to
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
i
n
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
s
u
c
h
as
s
o
u
r
ce
f
o
llo
w
er
[
3
]
.
A
n
o
th
er
p
r
o
b
lem
is
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
v
ar
io
u
s
d
esi
g
n
s
t
h
at
th
e
y
h
a
v
e
tr
ied
to
r
ea
ch
h
ig
h
s
w
i
n
g
w
i
th
lo
w
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
t
io
n
,
b
u
t
th
e
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
v
al
u
e
h
a
s
n
o
t
b
ee
n
r
ep
o
r
ted
[
3
]
.
I
n
s
o
m
e
p
ap
er
s
,
o
u
tp
u
t
s
w
i
n
g
is
lo
w
o
r
h
as
n
o
t
b
ee
n
r
ep
o
r
te
d
to
o
[
4
]
,
[
5
]
.
T
h
e
g
ain
-
b
o
o
s
ted
telesco
p
ic
Op
-
a
m
p
s
ca
n
r
ea
ch
to
h
ig
h
s
w
in
g
w
it
h
lo
w
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
b
u
t th
eir
d
esig
n
is
clas
s
i
f
ied
in
to
m
u
ltip
le
d
esig
n
:
a.
Fo
ld
ed
ca
s
co
d
e
Op
-
am
p
[
6
]
.
b.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
Op
-
a
m
p
an
d
t
h
e
b
o
o
s
tin
g
Op
-
a
m
p
[
7
]
,
[
8]
.
c.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
Op
-
a
m
p
an
d
t
h
e
Mu
ltip
l
y
i
n
g
D
ig
i
tal
-
to
-
An
alo
g
C
o
n
v
er
ter
(
MD
AC
)
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
[
9
]
.
d.
Th
e
m
ai
n
Op
-
a
m
p
an
d
t
h
e
Mil
ler
co
m
p
e
n
s
atio
n
[
1
0
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2722
-
3221
C
o
m
p
u
t.
Sci.
I
n
f
.
T
ec
h
n
o
l.
,
Vo
l.
2
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
l
y
20
2
1
:
49
–
57
50
So
s
u
c
h
a
d
esig
n
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tat
io
n
is
v
er
y
co
m
p
licated
.
I
n
t
h
is
p
ap
er
,
au
th
o
r
w
a
n
t
to
d
esig
n
a
h
i
g
h
-
s
w
in
g
f
u
l
l
y
d
if
f
er
e
n
tial
tele
s
c
o
p
ic
Op
-
Am
p
i
n
0
.
1
8
C
MO
S
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
A
ll
s
i
m
u
latio
n
s
o
f
th
i
s
cir
cu
it
ar
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
i
n
HSP
I
C
E
R
F
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e.
Ot
h
er
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
s
s
u
c
h
as
C
ad
en
ce
ca
n
al
s
o
b
e
u
s
ed
in
t
h
is
r
eg
ar
d
[
2
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
f
u
ll
y
d
i
f
f
e
r
en
tial
telesco
p
ic
Op
-
Am
p
.
T
h
e
f
u
ll
y
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
ial
d
esig
n
s
i
n
clu
d
e
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
an
d
s
ec
o
n
d
l
y
s
w
itc
h
ed
cu
r
r
en
t
m
ir
r
o
r
s
an
d
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
w
h
ich
ca
n
b
e
a
cir
cu
it
d
u
o
t
o
b
o
o
s
tin
g
th
e
g
ai
n
an
d
r
ea
ch
in
g
th
e
w
id
e
b
an
d
[
1
1
]
-
[
1
7
]
,
b
u
t
th
is
ca
n
ca
u
s
e
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
t
io
n
to
in
cr
ea
s
e.
B
iasi
n
g
also
ca
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
g
ai
n
w
it
h
less
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
,
e.
g
.
W
id
eb
an
d
QFG
d
y
n
a
m
ic
b
iasi
n
g
(
QFG
-
DB
)
Op
-
a
m
p
,
b
u
t
it
ca
n
n
o
t
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
r
in
p
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
[
1
8
]
.
So
m
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
s
u
c
h
as
F
u
l
l
y
Di
f
f
er
en
tial
Di
f
f
er
en
ce
T
r
an
s
co
n
d
u
ctan
ce
Am
p
li
f
ier
(
FDDT
A
)
,
r
eq
u
ir
e
lo
w
o
u
tp
u
t,
s
o
th
e
h
i
g
h
g
a
in
is
n
o
t
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
in
t
h
eir
d
esig
n
.
B
ec
au
s
e
th
e
y
ar
e
u
tili
ze
d
as
a
lo
w
p
ass
f
ilter
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
e
ad
v
an
tag
e
o
f
th
e
f
u
l
l
y
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
tia
l
d
esig
n
i
s
th
at
t
h
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ti
al
m
o
d
e
s
i
g
n
a
l
p
ath
en
co
m
p
as
s
es
o
n
l
y
th
e
n
-
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
MO
SF
E
T
s
[
2
0
]
.
On
l
y
NM
OS
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
co
n
d
u
c
t
ti
m
e
-
v
ar
y
i
n
g
cu
r
r
e
n
ts
,
an
d
P
MO
S
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
s
tr
an
s
m
it
a
co
n
s
t
an
t
cu
r
r
en
t.
T
h
is
in
cr
ea
s
es
t
h
e
Op
-
Am
p
s
p
ee
d
,
s
o
th
e
m
o
b
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
n
-
ch
a
n
n
el
MO
SF
E
T
is
g
r
ea
ter
th
an
th
at
o
f
th
e
p
-
ch
a
n
n
el
MO
SF
E
T
.
I
n
m
y
d
es
ig
n
,
w
e
u
s
e
th
e
telesco
p
ic
Op
-
Am
p
[
8
]
o
f
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
I
t
is
a
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
C
o
m
m
o
n
Gate
-
C
o
m
m
o
n
S
o
u
r
ce
(
C
S
-
C
G)
th
at
ac
h
iev
e
s
h
ig
h
er
g
ai
n
d
u
e
to
d
o
u
b
le
lo
ad
o
f
cu
r
r
en
t so
u
r
ce
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
ele
s
co
p
ic
ca
s
co
d
e
w
it
h
NM
O
S in
p
u
ts
C
o
m
b
i
n
atio
n
o
f
C
S
-
C
G
ca
s
co
d
es
w
i
th
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
s
u
c
h
as
NM
OS
is
f
o
r
h
ig
h
er
g
ai
n
.
C
as
ca
d
e
lo
ad
cu
r
r
en
t
s
o
u
r
ce
s
w
it
h
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
s
u
c
h
as
P
MO
S
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
ac
h
iev
e
g
r
ea
ter
d
r
ain
r
esi
s
tan
c
e,
w
h
ich
is
u
s
ed
to
co
m
b
i
n
e
C
S
-
C
G
ca
s
co
d
es.
T
h
e
g
ai
n
o
f
t
h
e
cir
c
u
it
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
ca
n
b
e
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
h
a
l
f
o
f
t
h
e
cir
c
u
it
a
s
(
1
)
[
2
1
]
.
=
[
(
2
)
∥
(
2
)
]
(
1
)
W
h
er
e
is
th
e
cr
o
s
s
-
co
n
d
u
ct
iv
i
t
y
a
n
d
is
t
h
e
d
r
ain
r
e
s
is
to
r
s
in
th
e
M
OSFET
s
.
So
,
t
h
e
g
ain
o
f
t
h
e
telesco
p
ic
ca
s
co
d
e
O
p
-
Am
p
i
n
cr
ea
s
es.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t s
w
i
n
g
is
a
s
(
2
)
:
=
2
[
−
(
1
+
3
+
+
|
5
|
+
|
7
|
]
(
2
)
W
h
er
e,
th
e
is
o
v
er
d
r
iv
e
v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
th
e
M
OSFET
s
,
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
Mta
il
MO
S
FET
cu
r
r
en
t
s
o
u
r
ce
,
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
th
is
cir
cu
it
is
m
u
c
h
less
th
a
n
th
at
o
f
a
s
i
m
p
le
f
u
ll
y
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
tia
l
Op
-
Am
p
.
So
,
in
t
h
i
s
p
ap
er
,
I
w
a
n
t
to
d
esig
n
a
n
e
w
f
u
ll
y
d
i
f
f
er
en
tia
l
telesco
p
ic
Op
-
a
m
p
with
s
p
ec
i
f
icatio
n
s
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
T
ab
le1
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
C
o
m
p
u
t.
Sci.
I
n
f
.
T
ec
h
n
o
l.
Desig
n
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n
d
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imu
la
tio
n
o
f h
ig
h
-
s
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in
g
fu
lly
d
iffer
en
tia
l te
lesc
o
p
ic
Op
-
A
mp
(
Za
h
r
a
P
ezes
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ki
)
51
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
o
f
h
ig
h
-
s
w
in
g
f
u
l
l
y
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
tial t
elesco
p
ic
OP
-
A
MP
cir
cu
i
t
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
C
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
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st
i
c
G
a
i
n
>
6
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d
B
C
M
R
R
>
5
0
d
B
> 2
×
4
0
0
M
H
z
P
h
a
se
marg
i
n
>
6
0
S
l
o
w
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a
t
e
>
2
0
0
V
/
μ
s
V
c
m
i
=
1
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V
c
m
o
=
1
.
1
V
O
u
t
p
u
t
S
w
i
n
g
>
0
.
5
V
P
o
w
e
r
C
o
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su
mp
t
i
o
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=
1
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2
mW
P
o
w
e
r
su
p
p
l
y
(
)
1
.
8
V
2.
T
H
E
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
M
E
T
H
O
D
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
T
ab
le
1
,
au
th
o
r
m
u
s
t
also
co
n
s
id
er
o
th
er
f
ea
tu
r
es
o
f
th
e
tele
s
co
p
ic
ca
s
ca
d
e
an
d
ad
d
to
th
e
MO
SF
E
T
s
in
cl
u
d
in
g
=
200
/
2
,
=
80
/
2
,
b
o
d
y
m
o
d
u
la
tio
n
e
f
f
ec
t
s
:
=
0
.
18
−
1
an
d
=
0
.
36
−
1
,
an
d
th
e
th
r
es
h
o
ld
v
o
ltag
e:
=
|
|
=
0
.
45
[3
]
,
[
4
]
.
I
n
th
is
cir
c
u
it,
th
e
to
tal
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
s
h
o
u
l
d
n
o
t
ex
ce
ed
1
.
2
m
W
.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
is
=
1
.
2
1
.
80
=
0
.
67
.
So
,
each
ca
s
co
d
e
b
r
an
ch
o
f
t
h
e
O
p
-
Am
p
r
eq
u
ir
es
0
.
3
4
m
A
c
u
r
r
en
t,
m
ea
n
s
/
2
.
On
t
h
e
o
t
h
er
h
a
n
d
,
th
e
co
m
m
o
n
m
o
d
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
is
1
.
1
.
T
h
at
is
,
ea
ch
n
o
d
e
X
a
n
d
Y
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
ab
le
t
o
s
w
in
g
u
p
to
1
.
1
v
o
lt
an
d
k
ee
p
th
e
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
3
−
6
in
s
at
u
r
atio
n
ar
ea
.
W
ith
a
1
.
8
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
l
y
,
t
h
e
to
tal
v
o
lta
g
e
av
ailab
le
f
o
r
an
d
ea
ch
ca
s
co
d
e
b
r
an
ch
is
0
.
7
.
T
h
u
s
,
w
e
h
av
e
(
3
)
:
1
+
3
+
|
5
|
+
|
7
|
+
]
=
1
.
8
−
1
.
1
=
0
.
7
(
3
)
Sin
ce
d
r
aw
s
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t,
o
n
e
f
i
f
t
h
o
f
t
h
e
v
o
lta
g
e
r
ea
ch
es
to
it,
s
o
=
0
.
14
an
d
0
.
56
r
em
ai
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
f
o
u
r
ca
s
ca
d
e
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
.
T
h
e
5
−
8
cu
r
r
en
t
s
o
u
r
ce
s
h
av
e
lo
w
m
o
b
il
it
y
,
s
o
m
o
r
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
allo
ca
ted
p
er
b
r
an
ch
to
th
e
m
(
0
.
32
)
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
in
a
ca
s
ca
d
e
b
r
an
ch
,
w
e
h
av
e
5
+
7
=
0
.
32
.
T
h
e
r
est
o
f
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
i
s
all
o
ca
ted
to
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
1
an
d
3
.
T
h
at
is
1
+
3
=
0
.
24
.
So
,
th
e
o
v
er
d
r
iv
e
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
s
5
an
d
7
is
0
.
16
an
d
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
s
1
an
d
3
is
0
.
12
.
T
h
e
asp
ec
t
r
atio
o
f
1
−
ca
n
b
e
e
v
alu
a
t
ed
b
y
th
e
b
ia
s
c
u
r
r
en
t
a
n
d
t
h
e
o
v
er
d
r
iv
e
v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
ea
c
h
M
OSFET
.
T
h
e
r
elatio
n
o
f
d
r
ain
cu
r
r
en
t t
o
s
atu
r
atio
n
ar
ea
is
(
4
)
:
=
(
1
/
2
)
(
/
)
(
−
)
2
(
4
)
T
o
m
i
n
i
m
ize
th
e
p
ar
asit
ic
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
o
f
th
e
in
teg
r
ated
d
ev
ices
,
th
e
m
in
i
m
u
m
le
n
g
th
o
f
ea
ch
MO
SF
E
T
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
is
=
0
.
18
.
T
h
en
,
(
)
1
−
4
=
38
,
(
)
5
−
8
=
58
.
25
an
d
=
58
.
775
ar
e
o
b
tain
ed
.
So
,
th
e
d
esi
g
n
w
a
s
d
o
n
e
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
to
t
al
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
t
io
n
,
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
l
y
a
n
d
o
u
tp
u
t
s
w
i
n
g
.
T
h
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
g
ain
ca
n
n
o
w
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
(
5
)
,
≈
1
[
(
3
3
1
)
∥
(
5
5
7
)
]
(
5
)
B
y
ch
o
o
s
i
n
g
a
m
in
i
m
u
m
c
h
a
n
n
el
len
g
t
h
o
f
0
.
18
f
o
r
all
MO
SF
E
T
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
w
e
h
a
v
e
an
d
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
(
6
)
an
d
(
7
)
.
=
2
/
(
6
)
=
1
/
(
7
)
So
,
au
th
o
r
h
a
v
e:
1
−
4
=
2
×
0
.
32
×
10
−
3
0
.
123
=
5
.
203
/
5
−
8
=
2
×
0
.
32
×
10
−
3
0
.
157
=
4
.
764
/
1
−
4
=
1
0
.
18
×
0
.
32
×
10
−
3
≈
17361
.
11
Ω
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2722
-
3221
C
o
m
p
u
t.
Sci.
I
n
f
.
T
ec
h
n
o
l.
,
Vo
l.
2
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
l
y
20
2
1
:
49
–
57
52
5
−
8
=
1
0
.
36
×
0
.
32
×
10
−
3
≈
8680
.
56
Ω
I
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
,
au
th
o
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
th
e
cir
cu
i
t
o
f
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
,
ca
lled
h
ig
h
-
s
w
i
n
g
f
u
l
l
y
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
tial
telesco
p
ic
Op
-
Am
p
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
h
ig
h
-
s
w
i
n
g
f
u
ll
y
d
if
f
er
e
n
tial te
lesco
p
ic
Op
-
Am
p
cir
cu
i
t
Fo
r
d
o
in
g
s
i
m
u
la
tio
n
,
f
ir
s
tl
y
au
th
o
r
m
u
s
t
g
et
t
h
e
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
p
o
in
t
o
f
all
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
s
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
"
.
o
p
"
co
m
m
a
n
d
(
all
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
ar
e
i
n
s
at
u
r
atio
n
ar
ea
)
s
ee
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
W
o
r
k
in
g
p
o
in
t o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
h
ig
h
-
s
w
i
n
g
f
u
ll
y
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
tia
l te
lesco
p
ic
Op
-
Am
p
c
ir
cu
it
T
o
k
ee
p
th
e
all
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
i
n
th
e
s
at
u
r
atio
n
ar
ea
,
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sta
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.
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
C
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ic
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A
mp
(
Za
h
r
a
P
ezes
h
ki
)
57
[3
]
J.
Ra
m
irez
-
A
n
g
u
lo
,
M
.
S
a
w
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n
t,
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.
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p
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[4
]
D.S
.
S
h
y
lu
1
,
D.
Ja
c
k
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li
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e
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o
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i,
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n
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it
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ra
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is,
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sig
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ier,”
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ter
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[5
]
B.
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li
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[6
]
A
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[
On
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h
tt
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s:
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[7
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a
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d
Qiu
Yu
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[8
]
K.
G
u
lati
a
n
d
Ha
e
-
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u
n
g
L
e
e
,
"
A
h
ig
h
-
s
w
in
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CM
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tele
s
c
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ra
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m
p
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r,
"
in
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[9
]
A
.
De
n
d
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a
a
n
d
S
.
Ou
ss
a
lah
,
“
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e
les
c
o
p
ic Op
-
Am
p
Op
ti
m
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z
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f
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DA
C
Circu
it
De
sig
n
,
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e
c
tr
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ics
,
v
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l.
2
0
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o
.
2
,
p
p
.
5
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.
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0
]
M
.
S
u
th
a
r,
N.
G
u
p
ta,
a
n
d
P
.
S
o
n
i,
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ro
p
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d
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c
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p
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Op
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p
w
it
h
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p
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d
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a
in
,
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ter
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ti
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l
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rn
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ti
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c
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n
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s
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[1
1
]
G
.
L
.
S
c
h
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ff
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n
d
C.
A
.
Cu
p
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rti
n
o
,
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ly
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ro
in
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,
US
8
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[1
2
]
S
.
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a
k
ra
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rty
,
“
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f
fe
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p
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NM
6
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7
An
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IC
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a
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e
Un
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t
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n
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rsity
,
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.
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.
[1
3
]
N.
Ho
ss
e
in
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h
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.
Da
li
ri
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S
.
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E.
G
h
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2
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[1
4
]
J.
Hu
ij
si
n
g
,
“
F
u
ll
y
Diff
e
re
n
ti
a
l
Op
e
ra
ti
o
n
a
l
Am
p
li
f
iers
,
”
In
:
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e
ra
ti
o
n
a
l
Amp
li
fi
e
rs
.
S
p
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e
r,
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m
,
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o
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0
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8
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3
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3
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8
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2
7
-
8
_
8
.
[1
5
]
E.
Ba
lt
i,
“
F
u
ll
y
-
d
iff
e
r
e
n
ti
a
l
o
p
a
m
p
d
e
sig
n
,
”
Un
iv
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rsity
o
f
Id
a
h
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De
p
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rtm
e
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
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d
Co
m
p
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
T
e
c
h
n
ica
l
Rep
o
rt
,
ECE
-
5
1
5
A
n
a
lo
g
In
teg
ra
ted
Circu
it
De
sig
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,
S
e
p
2
0
1
8
.
[1
6
]
R.
J.
Ba
k
e
r,
“
F
u
ll
y
-
Di
ff
e
re
n
ti
a
l
A
m
p
li
f
ier,”
Un
it
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d
S
t
a
tes
Pa
ten
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,
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S
5
.
9
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.
2
7
6
,
1
9
9
9
.
[1
7
]
A
.
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a
n
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L
.
S
a
n
t
,
a
n
d
P
.
V
e
rn
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i
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rta,
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In
p
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Co
m
m
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M
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d
e
Circu
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f
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r
A
F
u
ll
y
Dif
fe
re
n
tal
Am
p
li
f
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r,
”
Un
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d
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t
a
tes
Pa
ten
t
,
US
8
.
6
3
3
,
7
6
5
B
2
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
8
]
J.
Ra
m
irez
-
A
n
g
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lo
,
M
.
S
.
S
a
w
a
n
t,
R.
G
.
Ca
rv
a
jal
a
n
d
A
.
J.
L
o
p
e
z
-
M
a
rti
n
,
"
Ne
w
c
o
m
p
a
c
t
a
n
d
p
o
w
e
r
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ff
icie
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t
d
y
n
a
m
ic
a
ll
y
b
ias
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d
c
a
sc
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d
e
m
irr
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rs
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d
tele
sc
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p
ic
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p
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m
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s,"
2
0
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6
IEE
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In
ter
n
a
ti
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mp
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Circ
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.
[1
9
]
F
.
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teb
,
M
.
Ku
m
n
g
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rn
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.
Ku
lej,
a
n
d
V
.
Kle
d
ro
w
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tz,
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L
o
w
-
v
o
lt
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u
ll
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iff
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ti
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if
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re
n
c
e
tr
a
n
sc
o
n
d
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c
tan
c
e
a
m
p
li
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ier,”
IET
Circ
u
it
s De
v
ice
s
S
y
st.
,
v
o
l.
1
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
7
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1
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
0
]
A
.
S
.
S
e
d
ra
,
a
n
d
K.C.
S
m
it
h
,
M
ic
ro
e
lec
tro
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ic
c
ircu
i
ts
th
e
o
ry
a
n
d
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
Ox
f
o
rd
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
p
re
ss
,
7
th
e
d
it
i
o
n
,
p
p
.
8
4
8
-
857
,
2
0
1
0
.
[2
1
]
B.
Ra
z
a
v
i,
De
sig
n
o
f
a
n
a
l
o
g
CM
OS
In
teg
r
a
ted
C
irc
u
it
s
,
T
a
ta M
e
g
ra
w
Hill
,
2
0
0
2
e
d
it
io
n
,
p
p
.
2
9
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-
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0
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.
[2
2
]
T
.
C.
Ca
ru
so
n
e
D.
J
o
h
n
s
a
n
d
K.
M
a
rti
n
,
A
n
a
l
o
g
In
te
g
ra
ted
C
irc
u
it
De
sig
n
,
W
il
e
y
,
2
n
d
E
d
.
,
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0
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1
,
p
p
.
1
-
8
1
6
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S O
F
AUTH
O
R
Zah
ra
P
e
z
e
sh
k
i
is
a
M
a
ste
r
h
o
ld
e
r
in
El
e
c
tro
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ic
In
teg
ra
ted
Circu
i
t
s.
S
h
e
’s
w
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rk
e
d
o
n
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lec
tro
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ic
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ircu
it
d
e
sig
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a
n
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p
r
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m
a
n
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g
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m
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2
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in
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f
o
r
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in
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irri
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p
ro
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u
rt
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e
rm
o
re
,
sh
e
h
a
s
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o
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ra
ted
w
it
h
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n
Co
n
st
ru
c
ti
o
n
En
g
in
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rin
g
Org
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
(IRCE
O)
a
s
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re
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rc
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r
sin
c
e
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w
h
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re
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s
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k
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v
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lo
p
in
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w
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sta
n
d
a
rd
s
f
o
r
c
o
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stru
c
ti
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n
in
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stry
.
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rre
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tl
y
,
sh
e
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rk
s a
s
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g
in
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se
n
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h
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h
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is
g
re
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tere
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rg
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issu
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s,
su
sta
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.
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r
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li
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m
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tri
c
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n
d
A
I
d
e
v
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s
to
in
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re
a
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rm
a
l
c
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f
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rt
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n
d
sa
v
e
e
n
e
rg
y
.
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