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1
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6
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,
a
n
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if
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icr
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tr
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M
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n
it
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in
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c
a
n
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se
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sm
a
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with
th
e
a
p
p
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ti
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t
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t
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n
se
n
d
a
wa
rn
in
g
to
th
e
m
o
b
il
e
p
h
o
n
e
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
An
d
r
o
id
R
elay
4
ch
an
n
el
Sen
s
o
r
So
len
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id
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T
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ss
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rticle
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e
CC B
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SA
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C
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p
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A
uth
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r
:
Har
y
a
Gu
s
d
ev
i
,
Sek
o
lah
T
in
g
g
i T
ek
n
o
lo
g
i Ba
n
d
u
n
g
,
J
alan
So
ek
ar
n
o
Hatta
No
3
7
8
,
B
an
d
u
n
g
,
J
awa
B
ar
at
,
I
n
d
o
n
es
ia
.
E
m
ail:
Dev
i@
s
t
tb
an
d
u
n
g
.
ac
.
i
d
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
"sm
ar
th
o
u
s
e"
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
is
o
n
e
r
ea
lizatio
n
o
f
h
o
m
e
a
u
to
m
atio
n
id
ea
ls
u
s
in
g
a
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
s
et
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies.
I
t'
s
a
h
o
u
s
e
th
at
h
ash
ig
h
ly
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
a
u
to
m
atic
s
y
s
tem
s
f
o
r
lig
h
tin
g
,
tem
p
er
atu
r
ec
o
n
tr
o
l,
s
ec
u
r
ity
,
ap
p
lian
ce
s
,
an
d
m
an
y
o
th
er
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
.
C
o
d
ed
s
ig
n
a
ls
ar
e
s
en
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
h
o
m
e'
s
wir
in
g
to
s
witch
es
an
d
o
u
tlets
th
at
ar
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
e
d
to
o
p
er
ate
ap
p
lian
ce
s
an
d
ele
ctr
o
n
ic
d
e
v
ices
in
ev
er
y
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
h
o
u
s
e.
Sm
ar
t
h
o
m
ea
p
p
ea
r
s
"in
tellig
en
t"
b
e
ca
u
s
e
its
co
m
p
u
ter
s
y
s
tem
s
ca
n
m
o
n
ito
r
m
an
y
asp
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ts
o
f
d
aily
liv
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g
.
Sm
ar
t
h
o
u
s
e
ca
n
also
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
r
em
o
te
in
ter
f
ac
e
to
h
o
m
e
ap
p
lian
ce
s
o
r
th
ea
u
to
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
its
elf
,
v
iatelep
h
o
n
e
lin
e,
wir
eless
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
o
r
th
e
in
ter
n
et
an
d
a
n
d
r
o
id
ap
p
l
icatio
n
,
to
p
r
o
v
id
ec
o
n
tr
o
l
an
d
m
o
n
to
r
in
g
v
ia
a
s
m
ar
t p
h
o
n
e
o
r
web
b
r
o
wser
.
On
e
p
r
o
b
lem
th
at
ar
is
es
is
p
a
r
t
o
f
th
e
k
itch
en
.
W
h
er
e
is
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
t
k
itc
h
en
i
n
th
e
h
o
u
s
e.
Ma
n
y
ac
tiv
ities
ar
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t in
th
e
k
itch
en
,
s
u
ch
as c
o
o
k
in
g
,
was
h
in
g
etc.
C
o
o
k
in
g
is
a
r
o
u
tin
e
ac
tiv
ity
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
b
y
h
o
u
s
ewiv
es.
C
o
o
k
f
o
r
a
l
o
n
g
tim
e
o
r
s
im
p
le
c
o
o
k
in
g
with
a
s
h
o
r
t
tim
e.
T
h
is
m
u
s
t
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
b
y
h
o
u
s
ewiv
es.
C
o
o
k
in
g
r
el
ated
t
o
g
as a
n
d
f
ir
e.
T
h
is
ca
n
tr
ig
g
er
a
f
ir
e.
L
PG
g
as
h
as
a
s
h
o
r
tag
e
in
s
tar
tin
g
u
s
in
g
th
em
co
m
p
a
r
ed
p
et
r
o
leu
m
wh
ich
will
b
u
r
n
if
it
is
tr
ig
g
er
ed
b
y
a
f
ir
e
th
at
was n
ea
r
b
y
.
L
PG
g
as st
o
r
ag
e
ar
ea
s
s
h
o
u
ld
u
s
e
a
tu
b
e
th
at
is
s
tr
o
n
g
an
d
n
o
t e
as
y
to
leak
.
B
ec
au
s
e
if
th
e
s
to
r
ag
e
tu
b
e
g
as
leak
ed
at
th
e
tim
e
u
s
ed
will
b
e
f
la
m
m
ab
le.
As
f
o
r
th
e
k
er
o
s
en
e
s
to
r
ag
e
co
u
ld
u
s
e
a
co
n
d
u
ct
o
r
o
r
a
u
s
ed
b
o
ttle
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
C
o
m
p
u
t.
Sci.
I
n
f
.
T
ec
h
n
o
l.
P
r
o
to
typ
e
o
f LP
G
g
a
s
lea
k
a
g
e
d
etec
to
r
u
s
in
g
fla
me
s
en
s
o
r
a
n
d
MQ
-
2
s
en
s
o
r
(
Ha
r
ya
Gu
s
d
ev
i
)
33
L
iq
u
ef
ied
Petr
o
leu
m
Gas
(
L
P
G)
is
a
b
y
p
r
o
d
u
ct
o
f
n
atu
r
al
g
as
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
an
d
cr
u
d
e
o
il
r
ef
in
in
g
.
I
t
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
a
cl
ea
n
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tally
-
f
r
ie
n
d
ly
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
e
n
er
g
y
.
I
f
m
a
d
e
av
ailab
le
as
a
c
o
o
k
in
g
en
er
g
y
f
u
el
it c
o
u
ld
h
elp
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
n
eg
ativ
e
h
ea
lth
im
p
ac
ts
o
f
2
.
6
b
illi
o
n
p
eo
p
le
wh
o
cu
r
r
en
tly
u
s
e
b
io
m
ass
s
to
v
es th
at
em
it h
ar
m
f
u
l sm
o
k
e
an
d
p
ar
tic
les d
u
e
to
in
co
m
p
lete
co
m
b
u
s
tio
n
[
1
].
T
h
e
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
an
in
cr
ea
s
ed
u
s
e
o
f
L
PG
as
a
co
o
k
in
g
f
u
el
i
s
k
n
o
wn
f
o
r
s
ev
er
al
y
ea
r
s
n
o
w
.
I
n
2
0
0
1
,
a
jo
in
t
s
tu
d
y
o
f
th
e
W
o
r
ld
B
an
k
an
d
W
o
r
ld
L
PG
Ass
o
cia
tio
n
(
W
L
PGA)
d
escr
ib
ed
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
L
PG:
L
iq
u
ef
ied
Petr
o
leu
m
Gas
(
L
PG)
is
a
c
lean
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tally
-
f
r
ien
d
l
y
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
en
er
g
y
.
T
o
p
r
o
tect
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
L
PG
co
u
ld
b
e
m
ad
e
av
ailab
le
to
r
ep
lace
w
o
o
d
a
n
d
b
io
m
ass
in
all
h
o
u
s
eh
o
ld
s
in
all
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
co
u
n
tr
ies [
2
].
L
PG
g
as
th
at
b
eg
an
m
u
ch
u
s
ed
b
y
p
eo
p
le
n
o
t
wo
r
th
th
e
g
as
cy
lin
d
er
p
r
o
d
u
ce
r
s
wh
o
ex
p
er
ien
ce
a
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
ter
m
s
o
f
q
u
ality
,
s
o
th
at
it
ca
n
ca
u
s
e
h
az
a
r
d
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
lack
o
f
s
u
p
er
v
is
io
n
o
f
th
e
g
as
t
u
b
e
p
r
o
d
u
cts.
Sin
ce
th
e
Go
v
er
n
m
e
n
t
is
p
lan
n
in
g
th
e
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
k
er
o
s
en
e
to
L
PG
g
as
lo
ts
o
f
ev
en
ts
h
it
th
e
g
as
tu
b
es
ar
e
h
az
a
r
d
o
u
s
to
p
e
o
p
le
o
r
th
e
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
i
n
g
c
o
m
m
u
n
ities
.
Pro
v
en
in
f
ield
f
o
u
n
d
a
b
r
o
k
e
n
tu
b
e
,
ea
s
ily
co
r
r
o
d
ed
,
d
en
ted
,
s
o
it is
v
er
y
p
r
o
n
e
t
o
L
PG g
as lea
k
s
in
th
e
tu
b
es
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
th
is
r
esear
ch
wan
ts
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
o
n
h
o
w
th
ese
p
r
o
b
lem
s
ca
n
b
e
an
ticip
ated
with
L
PG
g
as
leak
s
in
th
e
g
as
cy
li
n
d
er
b
y
a
g
as
s
en
s
o
r
u
s
in
g
a
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
an
d
if
th
e
y
m
ee
t
th
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
d
etec
tio
n
h
as
b
ee
n
d
eter
m
in
e
d
,
th
en
it
ca
n
g
iv
e
a
war
n
in
g
b
ee
p
f
ir
s
t
r
esp
o
n
s
e
wh
en
th
e
co
n
d
itio
n
o
f
th
e
g
as
leak
,
af
ter
3
m
in
u
tes
th
er
e
is
n
o
r
esp
o
n
s
e
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
u
s
er
th
e
n
a
s
ec
o
n
d
b
ee
p
alar
m
will
ap
p
ea
r
with
a
g
r
ea
te
r
v
o
ice,
an
d
th
e
s
o
len
o
id
will
b
e
ac
tiv
ated
with
th
e
h
elp
o
f
th
e
r
elay
to
c
u
t
o
f
f
th
e
g
as
s
u
p
p
ly
f
r
o
m
th
e
tu
b
e
to
th
e
n
ex
t
b
u
r
n
er
i
f
th
e
s
p
ar
k
s
b
eg
an
to
e
m
er
g
e
t
h
en
th
e
f
ir
e
s
en
s
o
r
.
Flam
e
s
en
s
o
r
w
ill
r
ea
d
it
an
d
will
au
to
m
atica
lly
b
e
d
o
u
s
ed
wate
r
to
war
d
s
th
e
Sp
ar
k
s
to
m
in
im
i
ze
f
ir
e
th
at
will p
r
o
g
r
ess
iv
ely
en
lar
g
ed
.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
will
b
e
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
ab
o
u
t
s
m
ar
t
k
itch
en
s
s
u
ch
a
s
L
PG
Gas
leak
ag
e
d
etec
to
r
s
u
s
in
g
f
ir
e
s
en
s
o
r
s
an
d
MQ
-
2
.
W
h
er
e
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
to
h
o
w
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
ca
n
b
e
an
ticip
ated
with
th
e
L
PG
g
as
leak
ag
e
eq
u
i
p
m
en
t
o
n
g
as
c
y
lin
d
er
s
b
y
th
e
MQ
-
2
s
en
s
o
r
s
th
at
ar
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
u
s
in
g
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
an
d
s
o
len
o
id
will
b
e
ac
tiv
e
with
t
h
e
h
elp
o
f
th
e
r
elay
to
cu
t
o
f
f
th
e
g
as
s
u
p
p
ly
f
r
o
m
T
u
b
e
to
t
h
e
s
to
v
e
n
e
x
t
if
th
e
s
p
ar
k
s
b
eg
in
to
ap
p
ea
r
th
e
n
t
h
e
f
ir
e
s
en
s
o
r
t
h
at
is
th
e
Flam
e
s
en
s
o
r
will
r
ea
d
it
an
d
w
ill
au
to
m
atica
lly
b
e
wate
r
ed
b
y
th
e
wate
r
s
p
ar
k
s
to
m
in
im
ize
th
e
f
lam
es will b
e
e
n
lar
g
ed
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
I
n
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
,
an
d
to
f
ac
ilit
ate
s
o
lv
e
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
f
ac
ed
,
it
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
f
ir
s
t
d
escr
ib
e
th
e
s
tep
s
n
ee
d
e
d
to
s
o
lv
e
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
.
T
h
is
ch
ap
ter
co
n
tain
s
a
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
ex
p
lan
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
in
g
s
tag
es
u
s
ed
in
th
is
r
esear
ch
.
T
h
e
m
ain
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
is
to
clar
if
y
th
e
s
co
p
e
an
d
s
tep
s
-
s
tep
s
n
ee
d
ed
at
ea
ch
s
tag
e
o
f
th
e
r
es
ea
r
ch
.
T
h
e
s
tag
es o
f
th
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
a
r
e
illu
s
tr
ated
as
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
wh
ich
s
h
o
ws th
e
r
esear
ch
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
y
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
d
iag
r
am
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
R
esear
ch
m
eth
o
d
Desig
n
r
esear
ch
r
e
q
u
ir
e
d
in
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
r
esear
c
h
an
d
m
a
n
u
f
ac
tu
r
e
o
f
th
is
to
o
l,
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
ac
tiv
ities
:
a.
Stu
d
y
o
f
liter
atu
r
e
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
liter
atu
r
e
in
t
h
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
d
o
n
e
b
y
s
tu
d
y
i
n
g
co
n
ce
p
ts
,
d
ata
c
o
llectio
n
,
in
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
th
eo
r
y
an
d
m
ater
ial,
s
o
u
r
ce
d
f
r
o
m
b
o
o
k
s
,
jo
u
r
n
als,
an
d
o
t
h
er
s
o
u
r
c
es
o
n
m
atter
s
r
elatin
g
to
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
to
o
ls
to
b
e
d
esig
n
e
d
.
b.
I
n
ter
v
iew
I
n
ter
v
iews with
u
s
er
s
o
f
g
as c
y
lin
d
er
s
to
o
b
tain
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
n
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
a
n
d
ex
p
ec
ted
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
.
S
t
u
d
y
o
f
l
i
t
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
I
n
t
e
r
v
i
e
w
S
c
h
e
me
D
e
si
g
n
H
a
r
d
w
a
r
e
D
e
si
g
n
S
o
f
t
w
ar
e
D
e
sig
n
T
e
st
i
n
g
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
7
2
2
-
3
2
2
1
C
o
m
p
u
t.
Sci.
I
n
f
.
T
ec
h
n
o
l.
,
V
o
l.
5
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
y
20
20
:
3
2
-
38
34
c.
Sch
em
e
Desig
n
Desig
n
in
g
s
ch
em
es
cr
ea
ted
as
o
b
jects
o
f
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
ies
th
at
o
cc
u
r
wh
en
a
to
o
l
is
cr
ea
ted
.
T
h
is
is
d
o
n
e
to
m
in
im
ize
t
h
e
e
r
r
o
r
o
f
co
n
n
ec
tin
g
s
o
m
e
m
o
d
u
les th
at
ar
e
co
m
b
in
e
d
in
a
m
ic
r
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
d.
Har
d
war
e
Desig
n
T
h
e
d
esig
n
o
f
h
ar
d
war
e
is
d
o
n
e
b
y
co
n
n
ec
tin
g
s
o
m
e
s
en
s
o
r
m
o
d
u
le
u
s
ed
in
AT
Me
g
a3
2
8
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
e.
So
f
twar
e
Desig
n
So
f
twar
e
d
esig
n
is
th
e
wr
itin
g
o
f
p
r
o
g
r
am
co
d
e
th
at
is
u
s
ed
to
m
ak
e
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
to
ev
er
y
h
ar
d
war
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t.
f.
T
esti
n
g
T
h
e
test
is
d
o
n
e
to
k
n
o
w
ea
ch
co
m
p
o
n
en
t f
u
n
ctio
n
in
g
o
r
n
o
t
f
u
n
ctio
n
in
g
.
2
.
1
.
M
et
ho
d o
f
da
t
a
c
o
llect
io
n
Data
co
llectio
n
was
c
o
n
d
u
cted
in
o
r
d
er
t
o
o
b
tain
t
h
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
n
ee
d
ed
to
s
o
l
v
e
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
th
at
lead
to
an
e
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
.
T
h
e
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
u
s
ed
is
as f
o
llo
ws:
a.
L
iter
atu
r
e
Stu
d
y
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
liter
atu
r
e
in
t
h
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
d
o
n
e
b
y
s
tu
d
y
in
g
th
e
co
n
ce
p
ts
,
d
ata
co
llectio
n
,
in
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
th
e
th
eo
r
y
as
well
as
m
ater
ial,
s
o
u
r
ce
d
f
r
o
m
b
o
o
k
s
,
jo
u
r
n
als,
an
d
o
th
er
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
o
n
m
atter
s
r
elate
d
to
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t o
f
t
o
o
ls
th
at
will b
e
d
esig
n
ed
.
b.
I
n
ter
v
iew
C
o
n
d
u
cted
a
s
er
ies
o
f
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
with
th
e
u
s
er
s
o
f
t
h
e
g
as
tu
b
e
to
g
et
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
th
at
o
cc
u
r
an
d
th
e
e
x
p
ec
ted
s
o
lu
tio
n
c.
L
iter
atu
r
e
Stu
d
ies
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
liter
atu
r
e
i
n
th
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
d
o
n
e
b
y
s
tu
d
y
in
g
th
e
co
n
ce
p
ts
,
th
e
co
llectio
n
o
f
k
n
o
wled
g
e
in
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
th
eo
r
y
a
n
d
m
ater
ials
,
s
o
u
r
ce
s
o
f
b
o
o
k
s
o
r
o
th
er
liter
atu
r
e
o
n
m
atter
s
r
elatin
g
to
L
PG
Gas
L
ea
k
ag
e
Dete
cto
r
Usi
n
g
Flam
e
Sen
s
o
r
An
d
MQ
-
2
Sen
s
o
r
o
r
an
y
th
in
g
th
at
lead
s
to
th
e
s
o
lu
t
io
n
p
r
o
b
lem
.
2
.
2
.
Sy
s
t
e
m
s
dev
elo
pm
ent
met
ho
d
Dev
elo
p
m
en
t
m
eth
o
d
s
u
s
ed
i
n
th
e
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
e
o
f
p
r
o
t
o
ty
p
e
L
PG
Gas
L
ea
k
ag
e
Dete
cto
r
Usi
n
g
Flam
e
Sen
s
o
r
an
d
So
le
n
o
id
Valv
e
B
ased
Mic
r
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
T
h
is
is
a
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
m
eth
o
d
,
n
am
ely
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
m
eth
o
d
s
an
d
c
o
n
s
u
m
er
s
ca
n
i
n
ter
ac
t
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
m
ak
in
g
th
e
t
o
o
l.
T
h
e
p
r
o
t
o
ty
p
e
m
eth
o
d
,
s
tar
tin
g
with
th
e
c
o
llectio
n
o
f
cu
s
to
m
e
r
n
ee
d
s
o
n
th
e
to
o
l
to
b
e
cr
ea
t
ed
,
d
e
f
in
es
th
e
o
v
er
all
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
th
e
h
a
r
d
war
e
an
d
s
o
f
twar
e,
id
en
tifie
s
all
th
e
n
ee
d
s
,
an
d
th
en
"f
lash
d
esig
n
"
is
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
p
r
esen
tin
g
th
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
asp
ec
ts
to
m
ak
e
th
e
cu
s
to
m
er
m
o
r
e
im
ag
in
ativ
e
with
wh
at
is
a
ctu
ally
d
esire
d
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
ws
ab
o
u
t
s
y
s
tem
s
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t m
eth
o
d
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Sy
s
tem
s
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t m
eth
o
d
[
3
]
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
C
o
m
p
u
t.
Sci.
I
n
f
.
T
ec
h
n
o
l.
P
r
o
to
typ
e
o
f LP
G
g
a
s
lea
k
a
g
e
d
etec
to
r
u
s
in
g
fla
me
s
en
s
o
r
a
n
d
MQ
-
2
s
en
s
o
r
(
Ha
r
ya
Gu
s
d
ev
i
)
35
2
.
3
.
L
it
er
a
t
ur
re
v
iew
First
p
ap
er
ex
p
lain
ed
[
4
]
th
at
th
e
a
wir
eless
s
af
ety
d
ev
ice
f
o
r
g
as
leak
ag
e
d
etec
tio
n
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
T
h
e
d
ev
ice
is
in
te
n
d
ed
f
o
r
u
s
e
in
h
o
u
s
eh
o
ld
s
af
ety
wh
er
e
ap
p
li
an
ce
s
an
d
h
ea
ter
s
th
at
u
s
e
n
at
u
r
al
g
as
an
d
liq
u
id
p
etr
o
leu
m
g
as
(
L
PG)
m
ay
b
e
a
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
r
is
k
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
also
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
o
th
er
ap
p
licatio
n
s
in
th
e
in
d
u
s
tr
y
o
r
p
lan
ts
th
at
d
e
p
en
d
o
n
L
PG
an
d
n
atu
r
al
g
as
in
th
eir
o
p
er
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
d
es
ig
n
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
two
m
ain
m
o
d
u
les:
th
e
d
etec
tio
n
an
d
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
m
o
d
u
le,
an
d
th
e
r
ec
eiv
in
g
m
o
d
u
le.
T
h
e
d
etec
tio
n
an
d
tr
an
s
m
itti
n
g
m
o
d
u
le
d
etec
ts
th
e
ch
an
g
e
o
f
g
as
co
n
ce
n
tr
ati
o
n
u
s
in
g
a
s
p
ec
ial
s
en
s
in
g
ci
r
cu
it
b
u
ilt
f
o
r
th
is
p
u
r
p
o
s
e.
T
h
is
m
o
d
u
le
ch
ec
k
s
if
a
c
h
an
g
e
in
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
g
as(e
s
)
h
as
ex
ce
e
d
ed
a
ce
r
ta
in
p
r
e
-
d
eter
m
in
e
d
th
r
esh
o
ld
.
I
f
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
d
etec
ts
a
ch
a
n
g
e
i
n
g
as
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
,
it
ac
tiv
ates
an
d
au
d
i
o
v
is
u
al
alar
m
an
d
s
en
d
s
a
s
ig
n
al
to
th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
m
o
d
u
le.
T
h
e
r
ec
eiv
e
r
m
o
d
u
le
ac
ts
as
a
m
o
b
ile
alar
m
d
ev
ice
to
allo
w
t
h
e
m
o
b
ilit
y
with
in
th
e
h
o
u
s
e
p
r
e
m
is
es.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
was
test
ed
u
s
in
g
L
PG
an
d
th
e
alar
m
was
ac
tiv
ated
as
a
r
esu
lt
o
f
c
h
an
g
e
in
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
.
Seco
n
d
p
ap
er
ex
p
la
in
ed
[
5
]
th
at
T
h
e
is
s
u
e
o
f
p
lan
t
ex
p
lo
s
io
n
d
u
e
to
g
as
leak
ag
e
is
a
s
er
io
u
s
p
r
o
b
lem
wh
ic
h
im
p
ac
ts
th
e
liv
es
o
f
th
e
p
er
s
o
n
n
el,
d
am
a
g
es
p
lan
t
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
ts
an
d
in
cu
r
s
h
ig
h
co
s
t
f
o
r
m
ain
ten
an
ce
.
As
th
is
is
s
u
e
is
a
h
ig
h
r
is
k
at
h
az
ar
d
o
u
s
p
la
ce
s
u
ch
as
a
c
o
m
b
u
s
tib
l
e
g
as
p
lan
t,
th
er
e
is
an
im
p
o
r
tan
t
n
ee
d
to
u
s
e
g
as
d
et
ec
to
r
wh
ich
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
to
d
etec
t
g
as
leak
ag
e
at
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
a
r
ea
.
Ho
wev
er
,
s
o
m
e
g
as
d
etec
to
r
s
ar
e
less
r
eliab
le
in
d
etec
tin
g
g
as
d
u
e
to
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
o
th
e
r
u
n
wa
n
ted
elem
en
t
s
wh
ich
m
ay
ca
u
s
e
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
s
t
o
m
al
f
u
n
ctio
n
.
T
h
e
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
is
to
elim
in
ate
th
o
s
e
u
n
wan
ted
elem
en
ts
in
o
r
d
er
to
m
ain
tain
th
e
well
f
u
n
ctio
n
in
g
o
f
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t.
T
h
e
p
a
p
er
d
is
cu
s
s
es
th
e
I
n
f
r
ar
ed
s
ig
n
al
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
b
y
co
m
b
u
s
tib
le
g
as
an
d
s
o
lu
tio
n
to
elim
in
ate
m
o
is
tu
r
e
tr
ap
p
e
d
in
g
as
d
etec
to
r
.
T
h
ir
d
p
ap
e
r
ex
p
lai
n
ed
[
6
]
th
at
T
h
is
p
r
o
ject
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
d
ev
el
o
p
in
g
an
elec
tr
o
n
ic
s
y
s
tem
th
at
d
etec
ts
g
as
leak
ag
e
an
d
s
m
o
k
e
g
iv
in
g
v
is
u
al
lev
el
in
d
icatio
n
u
s
in
g
L
E
Ds.
I
n
ca
s
e
o
f
h
ig
h
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
g
as
o
r
s
m
o
k
e
d
etec
ted
,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
wir
ele
s
s
ly
ac
tiv
ates
a
r
elay
to
s
witch
o
f
f
th
e
m
ain
s
th
u
s
p
r
e
v
en
tin
g
a
m
ajo
r
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
f
ir
e
ac
cid
en
t
an
d
also
g
i
v
es
au
d
io
alar
m
f
o
r
th
e
s
am
e.
T
h
e
an
alo
g
v
o
ltag
e
v
alu
es
eq
u
i
v
alen
t
o
f
s
m
o
k
e
an
d
g
as
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
d
etec
ted
ar
e
wir
eless
ly
tr
an
s
m
itted
to
b
e
d
is
p
l
ay
ed
o
n
a
co
m
p
u
te
r
s
cr
ee
n
p
er
io
d
ically
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
is
ad
v
an
tag
eo
u
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
s
in
th
e
way
th
at
it
is
a
b
att
er
y
p
o
wer
ed
,
s
m
ar
t
s
tan
d
alo
n
e
m
o
d
u
le
th
at
d
o
es
n
o
t r
eq
u
ir
e
h
u
m
an
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
.
T
h
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
o
f
th
e
3
p
ap
e
r
s
with
th
is
r
esear
c
h
i
s
f
ir
s
t p
ap
e
r
ex
p
lain
ed
au
d
i
o
v
is
u
al
alar
m
an
d
s
en
d
s
a
s
ig
n
al
to
th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
m
o
d
u
le.
T
h
e
r
ec
eiv
er
m
o
d
u
le
ac
ts
as
a
m
o
b
ile
alar
m
d
ev
ice
to
allo
w
th
e
m
o
b
ilit
y
with
in
th
e
Ho
u
s
e
p
r
em
is
es.
Use
MQ
-
5
s
en
s
o
r
n
o
r
m
alize
d
t
o
th
e
r
esis
tan
ce
s
en
s
o
r
R
o
at
1
0
0
0
p
p
m
o
f
H2
i
n
wate
r
.
T
h
e
s
en
s
o
r
ca
n
d
etec
t sm
all
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
s
o
f
th
e
ab
o
v
e
m
en
tio
n
ed
g
ases
as sm
al
l a
s
0
.
1
m
g
/L.
Seco
n
d
Pap
er
ex
p
lain
ed
ab
o
u
t
d
is
cu
s
s
es
th
e
I
n
f
r
ar
ed
s
ig
n
al
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
b
y
co
m
b
u
s
tib
le
g
as
an
d
s
o
lu
tio
n
to
elim
in
ate
m
o
is
tu
r
e
tr
ap
p
ed
in
g
as
d
et
ec
to
r
.
T
h
ir
d
Pap
er
ex
p
lain
ed
ab
o
u
t
T
h
is
Pro
ject
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
d
ev
elo
p
i
n
g
an
elec
tr
o
n
ic
s
y
s
tem
th
at
d
etec
ts
g
as
leak
ag
e
an
d
s
m
o
k
e
g
iv
in
g
v
is
u
al
lev
el
in
d
icatio
n
u
s
in
g
L
E
Ds.
W
h
ile
T
h
is
p
ap
er
ex
p
lain
ed
ab
o
u
t
s
m
ar
t
k
itch
en
s
s
u
ch
as
L
PG
Gas
leak
ag
e
d
etec
to
r
s
u
s
in
g
f
ir
e
s
en
s
o
r
s
an
d
MQ
-
2
.
W
h
er
e
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
o
l
u
tio
n
s
to
h
o
w
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
c
an
b
e
a
g
r
ee
m
en
t
with
t
h
e
L
PG
g
as
lea
k
ag
e
e
q
u
ip
m
e
n
t
o
n
g
as
cy
lin
d
er
s
b
y
t
h
e
MQ
-
2
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
th
at
ar
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
u
s
in
g
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
an
d
s
o
len
o
id
will
b
e
ac
tiv
e
with
th
e
h
elp
o
f
th
e
r
elay
to
c
u
t
o
f
f
th
e
g
as
s
u
p
p
ly
f
r
o
m
T
u
b
e
to
T
h
e
s
to
v
e
n
ex
t
if
th
e
s
p
a
r
k
s
b
eg
in
to
ap
p
ea
r
th
en
th
e
f
ir
e
s
en
s
o
r
t
h
at
is
th
e
Flam
e
s
en
s
o
r
will
r
ea
d
it
a
n
d
wil
l
au
to
m
atica
lly
b
e
wate
r
e
d
b
y
th
e
wate
r
s
p
ar
k
s
to
m
in
im
ize
th
e
f
lam
es will b
e
e
n
lar
g
ed
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
3.
1
.
Sy
s
t
e
m
a
na
ly
s
is
Desig
n
o
f
r
esear
ch
c
o
n
d
u
ct
ed
in
t
h
e
co
m
p
letio
n
o
f
t
h
is
r
esear
ch
in
clu
d
es
th
e
d
esig
n
o
f
h
ar
d
war
e
o
r
h
ar
d
war
e.
3
.
1
.
1
.
So
f
t
wa
re
a
na
ly
s
is
Desig
n
an
d
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
e
o
f
L
PG
g
as
leak
d
etec
to
r
u
s
in
g
f
l
am
e
s
en
s
o
r
an
d
s
o
len
o
i
d
v
alv
e
b
ased
o
n
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
AT
Me
g
a
3
2
8
th
er
e
ar
e
s
o
m
e
s
o
f
twar
e
u
s
ed
ar
e
as f
o
llo
ws o
n
T
a
b
le
1
.
T
ab
le
1
.
So
f
twar
e
a
n
aly
s
is
No
N
a
me
1
S
o
f
t
w
a
r
e
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
1
.
8
.
2
2
S
o
f
t
w
a
r
e
F
r
i
t
z
i
n
g
3
C
o
r
e
l
D
r
a
w
G
r
a
p
h
i
c
s
S
u
i
t
e
X
4
4
A
n
d
r
o
i
d
S
t
u
d
i
o
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
7
2
2
-
3
2
2
1
C
o
m
p
u
t.
Sci.
I
n
f
.
T
ec
h
n
o
l.
,
V
o
l.
5
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
y
20
20
:
3
2
-
38
36
3
.
1
.
2
.
H
a
rdwa
re
a
na
l
y
s
is
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
r
m
ater
ials
u
s
ed
in
t
h
e
d
esig
n
a
n
d
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
e
o
f
L
PG
g
as
leak
d
etec
tio
n
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t
u
s
in
g
f
lam
e
s
en
s
o
r
s
an
d
s
o
len
o
id
v
alv
e
-
b
ased
m
icr
o
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
AT
Me
g
a
3
2
8
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
a
b
le
2
.
T
ab
le
2
.
Har
d
war
e
No
C
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
N
u
mb
e
r
1
S
e
n
s
o
r
M
Q
-
2
1
2
F
l
a
me
S
e
n
so
r
2
3
M
o
d
u
l
I
S
D
1
8
2
0
+
S
p
e
a
k
e
r
1
4
S
o
l
e
n
o
i
d
V
a
l
v
e
2
5
R
e
l
a
y
4
C
h
a
n
n
e
l
1
6
B
r
e
a
d
B
o
a
r
d
1
7
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
U
n
o
M
o
d
u
l
1
8
Ju
m
p
e
r
m
a
l
e
t
o
m
a
l
e
c
a
b
l
e
3
9
Ju
m
p
e
r
m
a
l
e
t
o
f
e
ma
l
e
c
a
b
l
e
3
10
G
r
e
e
n
Le
d
,
B
l
u
e
L
e
d
,
w
h
i
t
e
L
e
d
3
11
A
d
a
p
t
o
r
5
V
1
12
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1
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as lea
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ar
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en
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ater
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ar
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en
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to
th
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3
.
1
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B
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ip
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r
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
C
o
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Sci.
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as f
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ws:
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u
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m
ad
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th
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d
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o
f
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:
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Ser
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b.
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cir
cu
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d
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SD 1
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h
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ased
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I
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s
o
u
n
d
R
e
l
a
y
1
i
s
o
n
(
S
o
l
e
n
o
i
d
N
O
)
,
A
l
a
r
m O
f
f
OK
A
su
r
g
e
o
f
g
a
s
a
m
o
u
n
t
e
d
t
o
2
2
8
S
o
l
e
n
o
i
d
V
a
l
v
e
i
s s
t
i
l
l
i
n
N
O
s
t
a
t
e
a
n
d
so
u
n
d
a
l
a
r
m
d
o
e
s
n
o
t
s
o
u
n
d
R
e
l
a
y
1
i
s
o
n
(
S
o
l
e
n
o
i
d
N
O
)
,
a
l
a
r
m o
f
f
OK
A
su
r
g
e
o
f
g
a
s
a
m
o
u
n
t
e
d
t
o
4
1
3
S
o
l
e
n
o
i
d
V
a
l
v
e
c
h
a
n
g
e
t
o
b
e
N
C
a
n
d
a
l
a
r
m
O
N
R
e
l
a
y
1
O
f
f
,
(
S
o
l
e
n
o
i
d
N
C
)
,
a
l
a
r
m O
N
OK
A
su
r
g
e
o
f
g
a
s
a
m
o
u
n
t
e
d
t
o
4
3
6
S
o
l
e
n
o
i
d
V
a
l
v
e
c
h
a
n
g
e
t
o
b
e
N
C
a
n
d
a
l
a
r
m
O
N
R
e
l
a
y
1
O
f
f
,
(
S
o
l
e
n
o
i
d
N
C
)
,
a
l
a
r
m O
N
OK
A
su
r
g
e
o
f
g
a
s
a
m
o
u
n
t
e
d
t
o
4
2
9
S
o
l
e
n
o
i
d
V
a
l
v
e
c
h
a
n
g
e
t
o
b
e
N
C
a
n
d
a
l
a
r
m
O
N
R
e
l
a
y
1
O
f
f
,
(
S
o
l
e
n
o
i
d
N
C
)
,
a
l
a
r
m O
N
OK
A
su
r
g
e
o
f
g
a
s
a
m
o
u
n
t
e
d
t
o
2
4
1
S
o
l
e
n
o
i
d
V
a
l
v
e
i
s s
t
i
l
l
i
n
N
O
a
n
d
so
u
n
d
a
l
a
r
m
d
o
se
n
n
o
t
so
u
n
d
R
e
l
a
y
1
O
N
(
S
o
l
e
n
o
i
d
N
O
)
,
a
l
a
r
m
O
f
f
OK
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
B
ased
o
n
th
e
r
esear
ch
,
d
esig
n
,
an
d
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
e
o
f
th
e
to
o
l t
h
en
it c
an
b
e
tak
e
n
a
f
ew
co
n
c
lu
s
io
n
s
ar
e
as
f
o
llo
ws.
T
h
is
d
etec
tio
n
T
o
o
l
ca
n
h
elp
u
s
er
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
alar
m
s
o
u
n
d
s
an
d
d
is
co
n
n
ec
t
io
n
o
f
g
as
f
lo
w
in
an
ticip
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
b
eg
in
n
in
g
if
th
e
ab
s
en
ce
o
f
ac
tio
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
u
s
er
to
m
in
im
ize
th
e
p
r
es
en
ce
o
f
s
p
ar
k
s
.
T
h
e
s
o
len
o
id
is
v
e
r
y
u
s
ef
u
l
o
n
th
is
d
ev
ice
b
ec
au
s
e
d
o
in
g
f
ir
s
t
aid
if
th
e
g
as
s
en
s
o
r
d
etec
ts
g
as
leak
s
th
en
s
o
len
o
i
d
will
d
ec
id
e
o
n
g
as
f
lo
w,
b
y
c
o
n
tr
ast
with
th
e
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
o
f
th
e
s
o
len
o
id
to
f
ir
e
s
en
s
o
r
o
p
en
wate
r
f
lo
w
if
th
e
f
lam
e
s
en
s
o
r
d
etec
t a
n
y
s
p
ar
k
.
No
tific
atio
n
b
y
t
h
e
alar
m
s
o
u
n
d
v
er
y
h
elp
f
u
l u
s
er
s
if
th
e
u
s
er
is
n
o
t sen
s
itiv
e
to
th
e
s
m
ell
o
f
leak
in
g
g
as,
th
en
t
h
e
u
s
er
ca
n
k
n
o
w
o
f
an
y
g
as l
ea
k
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
alar
m
s
o
u
n
d
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
h
tt
p
s:/
/en
e
rg
y
p
e
d
ia.
in
f
o
/wik
i
/L
iq
u
e
fied
_
P
e
tr
o
leu
m
_
G
a
s_
(LP
G
)
[2
]
Wo
rld
Ba
n
k
U
n
d
WL
P
G
A,
2
0
0
1
,
h
tt
p
:/
/
d
o
c
u
m
e
n
ts
.
wo
rl
d
b
a
n
k
.
o
rg
/c
u
ra
ted
/en
/
2
0
1
3
/
0
1
/1
8
6
1
2
4
5
7
/we
st
-
a
frica
-
li
q
u
e
fied
-
p
e
tro
le
u
m
-
g
a
s
-
lp
g
-
m
a
rk
e
t
-
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
-
stu
d
y
[3
]
P
re
ss
m
a
n
RS
.
S
o
ftwa
re
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
:
A
P
ra
c
ti
ti
o
n
e
r’s
Ap
p
ro
a
c
h
,
7
t
h
e
d
.
M
c
G
ro
w Hil
l.
2
0
1
0
.
[4
]
Lu
a
y
F
ra
iwa
n
,
K
h
a
ld
o
n
Lwe
e
sy
,
Ay
a
Ba
n
i
-
S
a
lma
,
No
u
r
M
a
n
i
,
“
A
wire
les
s
h
o
me
sa
fety
g
a
s
le
a
k
a
g
e
d
e
tec
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m”,
2
0
1
1
1
st M
i
d
d
le E
a
st C
o
n
fe
re
n
c
e
o
n
Bio
m
e
d
ica
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
21
-
2
4
F
e
b
.
2
0
1
1
.
[5
]
Nu
r
M
a
li
ss
a
Bin
ti
Na
sa
ru
d
d
i
n
,
I
rra
iv
a
n
El
a
m
v
a
z
u
t
h
i
,
No
o
r
Ha
z
rin
Ha
n
y
Bin
ti
M
o
h
d
Ha
n
i,
“
Ov
e
rc
o
min
g
Ga
s
De
tec
to
r
Fa
u
l
t
A
la
rm
D
u
e
T
o
M
o
ist
u
re
”
,
P
ro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
2
0
0
9
IEE
E
S
tu
d
e
n
t
Co
n
fe
re
n
c
e
o
n
Re
se
a
rc
h
a
n
d
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
(S
CORe
D
2
0
0
9
),
1
6
-
1
8
No
v
.
2
0
0
9
,
F
P
M
S
e
rd
a
n
g
,
M
a
lay
sia
.
[6
]
Niv
e
d
h
i
th
a
S
,
P
a
d
m
a
v
a
th
y
A
P
,
S
u
sa
rit
h
a
U
S
M
e
n
t
o
r:
Dr.
M
.
Ga
n
e
sh
M
a
d
h
a
n
,
“
De
v
e
lo
p
me
n
t
o
f
M
u
lt
i
p
u
r
p
o
se
Ga
s L
e
a
k
a
g
e
a
n
d
F
ire
De
tec
to
r wit
h
Al
a
rm
S
y
ste
m”
,
2
0
1
3
Tex
a
s In
stru
m
e
n
ts I
n
d
ia E
d
u
c
a
to
rs'
Co
n
fe
re
n
c
e
.
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