Co
m
pu
ter Sci
ence a
nd Inf
or
mat
i
on
Tec
h
no
lo
gies
Vo
l.
2
, No
.
1
,
Ma
rch
2021
,
pp.
1
1
~
1
5
IS
S
N:
27
22
-
3221
,
DOI: 10
.11
591
/
csi
t.v
2i1
.p
1
1
-
1
5
11
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
esprime
.com/i
ndex.
php/csit
Impact o
f
en
cryp
tion
and
decrypti
on techn
iqu
es
for
high spe
ed
optical d
omain
Rishabh
Sing
h
1
, G
h
anendr
a
K
um
ar
2
,
Chakresh
K
umar
3
1,3
Univer
sit
y
Sch
ool
of
Info
rm
at
i
on,
Com
m
unic
ation
and
T
ec
hnol
og
y
,
Guru Gobin
d
Singh I
nd
rap
ra
stha
Univer
si
t
y
,
New Del
hi
1100
78,
Indi
a
2
Depa
rtment of
El
e
ct
roni
cs
and
Com
m
unic
at
ion Engi
ne
eri
ng
,
Na
ti
onal
Insti
tut
e
o
f
Technol
og
y
,
D
el
hi
110040,
Ind
ia
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Ma
r 28
, 20
2
0
Re
vised
Jun
21
, 20
2
0
Accepte
d
J
ul
2
8
, 2
0
2
0
Thi
s
proj
ec
t
pro
poses
the
design
of ultr
afa
st
comm
unic
at
ion
circu
it
whi
ch
can
ena
bl
e
the
h
igh
spee
d
sec
ure
d
d
at
a
tra
nsm
ission
at
50
Gb/s
and
100
Gb/s
b
y
the
use
of
d
ist
ribut
ed
Raman
amplif
ie
r
,
Erb
ium
–
doped
fib
e
r
amplif
ie
r
(
EDFA
),
fil
t
er,
s
ingl
e
m
ode
f
ibe
r
al
ong
wi
th
f
ib
e
r
Bragg
g
ra
ti
ng
(
FB
G
)
and
at
t
enua
tors.
The
sim
ula
ti
on
of
the
suggested
opt
ical
c
irc
u
it
invo
lves
the
use
of
par
amete
rs
of
R
aman
amplif
ie
r
and
EDFA
and
othe
r
component
s
inc
lud
ed
in
the
opt
ical
stru
ct
ure
.
Th
e
d
esi
gn
al
so
in
cl
ud
e
s
the
use
of
en
cr
y
p
ti
on
and
dec
r
y
pt
ion
t
ec
hn
ique
s
to
ensure
sec
ure
d
comm
unic
ation.
Thus,
reali
z
at
ion
o
f
the
se
ci
r
cui
ts
a
t
50
Gb/s
and
100
Gb/s
wi
ll
ena
b
le
th
e
fu
t
ure
opt
ical
comm
unic
at
ion appl
i
ca
t
ions f
or ultra
f
ast
da
ta t
r
a
nsm
ission t
o
la
r
ge
dist
anc
es
.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Decr
y
ption
Encr
y
ption
Fiber
brag
g g
r
at
ing
Ram
an
am
plifi
er
This
is an
open
acc
ess arti
cl
e
un
der
the
CC
B
Y
-
SA
l
ic
ense
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Chak
res
h Ku
m
ar
Un
i
ver
sit
y Sc
hool
of In
form
ation
Com
m
un
ic
at
io
n
&
Tec
hnolog
y
Guru G
obin
d
S
ingh
Indr
a
prast
ha Un
i
ver
sit
y,
New Del
hi
11
0078,
In
dia
Em
a
il
:
ts
@
ee.uad.ac.id
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Com
m
un
ic
at
io
n
is
undo
ub
te
dl
y
an
inte
gr
al
pa
rt
of
our
li
ves
.
We
c
omm
un
i
cat
e
thr
ough
a
lot
of
ways
li
ke
thr
ough
te
le
phon
e
,
c
on
s
um
ing
inf
orm
ation
on
the
In
t
ern
et
(r
ecei
vi
ng
or
se
ndin
g
da
ta
),
ove
r
F
A
X
an
d
nu
m
erous
othe
r
w
ay
s.
As
t
he
siz
e
of
dat
a
an
d
s
pee
d
r
equ
i
rem
ents
i
ncr
ease
s
day
by
day,
the
ne
ed
for
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
m
od
el
s
w
hi
ch
can
sust
ai
n
hi
gh
sp
ee
d
c
omm
un
ic
a
ti
on
is
al
s
o
increasin
g.
O
ptica
l
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
pr
ov
i
des
us
a
so
luti
on
as
it
possess
featu
r
es
li
ke
lo
w
at
te
nu
at
io
n
rate,
l
ess
inter
fer
e
nc
e
fro
m
exter
nal
s
ource
s,
l
ow
power
l
os
s
an
d
m
uch
gr
eat
er
ba
ndwi
dth
.
Du
e
t
o
t
he
inc
rease
d
s
pee
d
t
he
vulne
rab
i
li
ti
es
in
the
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
al
s
o
inc
reases.
T
her
e
fore,
t
he
nee
d
of
s
ecur
it
y
of
inf
orm
ation
in
the
t
ran
sm
issi
on
proces
s
is
an
im
po
rtant
.
Using
co
nven
ti
on
al
te
c
hn
i
que
f
or
sec
uri
ng
our
inf
orm
ation
restrict
s
the
data
tra
nsfer
s
pe
ed
t
o
a
certai
n
le
vel.
Op
t
oelect
ronic
s
co
nversi
on
(
f
irst
the
i
nco
m
i
ng
sig
nal
is
c
onve
rted
into
th
e
el
ect
rical
sig
nal
a
nd
then
al
l t
he pr
oc
essing
is
done
in
el
ect
rical
m
edium
an
d
the
n
the si
gn
al
is fi
nally
co
nverte
d
to
op
ti
cal
form
f
or
furthe
r
tra
ns
m
i
ssion)
inc
rease
s
the
delay
.
Al
l
conve
ntion
al
log
ic
ci
rc
uits
use
optoele
ct
r
onic
s
co
nversi
on.
T
o
ov
e
rc
om
e
t
hat
we
ne
ed
opti
cal
processin
g
el
e
m
ents
in
w
hic
h
opti
cal
proce
ssing
el
em
ents
is
no
t
re
qu
ire
d.
Us
e
of
opti
cal
lo
gic
gates
(
o
ptica
l
XO
R
gates
) i
s
central
t
o t
he
de
velo
pm
ent
of
desig
ning
ci
rcui
ts
wh
ic
h c
an
e
ns
ure
secur
e
tra
ns
m
i
ssion
of
data.
Op
ti
cal
com
m
un
ic
a
ti
on
at
a
sp
ee
d
of
10
G
B/
s
us
in
g
e
ncry
ption
a
nd
dec
ryptio
n
ci
rcu
it
s
was
de
m
on
strat
ed
by
Ju
ng
[
2].
The
s
ecur
it
y
of
op
ti
cal
sign
al
reli
es
m
a
inly
on
t
he
physi
cal
pro
per
ti
es
of
t
he
sig
nal
an
d
not
on
the
c
om
pu
ta
ti
on
al
co
m
plexit
y
as
in
so
ft
war
e
syst
e
m
s.
The
proces
s
of
high
-
sp
ee
d
op
ti
cal
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
posses
a
l
ot
of
pr
ob
le
m
s
lik
e
requirem
ent
of
optoele
ct
r
oni
cs
c
onve
rsion
a
nd
t
he
data
rate
is
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2722
-
3221
Com
pu
t. Sci.
I
nf. Tec
hnol.
,
V
ol. 2, N
o.
1, M
arch 2
021
:
1
1
–
1
5
12
lim
it
ed
beca
use
of
t
he
i
nh
e
re
nt
ti
m
e
con
sta
nts
dicta
ti
ng
la
ser
dynam
ic
s.
Also
,
it
has
a
sm
a
ll
nu
m
ber
of
use
r
adjusta
ble
par
a
m
et
ers
(lo
w
soft
-
key
dim
ension)
su
c
h
that
s
ecur
it
y
reli
es
a
l
m
os
t
entirel
y
on
the
ina
bili
ty
of
a
n
eaves
droppe
r
t
o ob
ta
in
sim
i
lar
laser
h
a
rdwa
r
e (
i.e.
on t
he h
ard key)
as e
xp
la
ined
in
[3].
2.
PRI
NC
I
PLE
OF THE P
ROP
OSED
MOD
EL
The
pr
opos
e
d
m
od
el
w
orks
on
t
he
pri
nci
ple
of
us
in
g
opti
cal
lo
gic
gates
f
or
t
ran
sm
issi
on
wh
ic
h
al
lows
us
t
o
us
e
the
te
chn
i
qu
e
of
op
ti
cal
enc
ryptio
n
and
decr
y
ption
to
dista
nces
up
to
300
km
.
T
his
ca
n
be
achie
ve
d
by
us
in
g
distrib
ut
ed
Ra
m
an
am
p
li
fier.
T
he
distr
ibu
te
d
Ra
m
an
a
m
plifie
r
-
ba
se
d
lo
gic g
at
e
pr
ov
i
des
us
a
m
e
thod
to
hav
e
high
s
pee
d
tra
ns
m
issi
on
to
ve
ry
la
rg
e
distances.
The
po
sit
io
nin
g
of
of
t
he
pat
h
le
ngth
diff
e
re
nce
of
t
he
sign
al
s
go
i
ng
t
o
t
he
in
pu
t
to
Ram
an
am
plifi
er
is
done
in
a
way
s
o
that
t
he
total
powe
r
go
e
s
at
one
outpu
t
at
par
ti
cula
r
opti
cal
fr
e
qu
e
ncy.
E
xtrem
e
patte
rns
will
be
f
orm
e
d
due
t
o
m
isa
dj
us
te
d
beam
s
in
bo
t
h
ou
t
pu
ts
wh
ose
sh
a
pes
will
be
aff
ect
ed
by
cha
ng
e
s
in
pat
h
le
ng
t
h
di
ff
e
ren
ce
.
Wh
ereas
t
he
distrib
ution
of
ov
e
rall
powe
rs
on
t
he
ou
t
pu
ts
m
ay
no
t
change
w
he
n
data
signa
ls
are
la
un
c
hed
i
nto
the
Ra
m
an
a
m
p
li
fier
carrier
de
ns
it
y
and
as
a
r
esul
t
the
refract
ive
i
nd
e
x
of
the
m
e
diu
m
gets
c
ha
nged
.
This
cau
se
s
a
c
ha
nge
of
phase
over
the
c
on
t
ro
l
sig
nal
c
ounter
-
pro
pag
at
in
g
th
r
ough
the
Ra
m
an
am
plifie
r
(contr
ol
sig
nal)
ac
cordin
g
to
the
changes
i
n
the
intensit
y
of
t
he
input
data sig
nals.
Appro
pr
ia
te
a
djust
m
ents
of
th
e
opti
cal
powers
a
nd
the
bias
c
urren
ts
or
by
de
sign
i
ng
t
he
pa
ram
et
ers
of
the
Ram
an
distribu
te
d
am
pl
ifie
r,
the
c
on
t
ro
l
sig
nal
fro
m
the
two
Ra
m
an
a
m
plifie
rs
can
inter
fer
e
ei
the
r
const
ru
ct
ively
or
destr
uctivel
y.
This
directl
y
per
f
or
m
s
the
log
ic
X
OR
op
erati
on
of
t
he
two
i
nput
d
at
a
sign
al
s
wh
ic
h
is
basic
el
e
m
ent
us
ed
f
or
opti
cal
enc
r
ypti
on
an
d
dec
ryptio
n
proces
s.
T
he
si
gn
al
r
ecei
ved
is
filt
ered
by
the
help
of
a
ra
ise
d
cosi
ne
filt
er
w
hich
m
inim
iz
es
the
intersym
bo
l
interfe
ren
ce
.
The
e
nc
rypted
si
gn
al
obtai
ne
d
from
the
filt
er
is
tra
n
sm
i
tt
ed
by
si
ng
le
m
od
e
fi
ber
al
on
g
wi
th
Fi
ber
B
ragg
gr
at
in
g
(
w
hich
com
pen
sat
es
f
or
the
disp
e
rsion
ca
use
d).
T
he
n
the en
cry
pted
si
gnal
is
transm
it
ted
f
urt
he
r
usi
ng
am
plifie
rs
to m
ai
ntain
it
s
am
pl
it
ud
e
and
is
decr
y
pted
to
get
back
t
he
ori
gina
l
data
sign
al
.
Th
e
st
ru
ct
ur
e
of
the
decr
y
ption
ci
rc
uit
is
alm
os
t
sa
m
e
to
that o
f
the
en
c
r
ypti
on
a
nd it
to
o
c
onsist
s of
opti
cal
coup
le
r
s
al
ong wit
h
Ra
m
an
am
plifie
rs,
E
DF
A
and
f
il
te
rs.
3.
E
X
PLA
NA
TI
ON
OF
C
IRCUIT
DI
AGRA
M
F
OR
OPTIC
AL
EN
CRY
PTION
A
N
D
DEC
RYPT
IO
N
P
ROCESS
AT 50 Gb/
S
In
the
propose
d
desi
gn
distribu
te
d R
am
an a
m
pl
ifie
r i
s
us
e
d
beca
us
e
of
t
he
fact
that
Ra
m
an a
m
plifie
rs
po
s
sess
a
wide
r
ba
nd
as
com
par
e
d
to
ED
F
A
or
S
O
A
,
R
a
m
an
am
plifier
w
orks
f
or
al
m
os
t
al
l
wav
el
eng
t
hs
wh
e
reas
the
E
DFA
w
orks
f
or
(15
25
-
1565
nm
)
and
(
1570
-
1610
nm
).
Also
it
e
nab
le
s
distrib
uted
am
plifi
cat
io
n
within
the
t
ra
ns
m
itti
ng
fi
ber,
i.e.
hi
gh
e
r
pum
p
powe
r
(
~
>
30
dBm
)
as
com
par
ed
to
EDFA(
~
25
dBm
)
or
SOA(
~
4.5
dB
m
)
wh
ic
h
help
s
us
to
m
ai
ntain
t
he
po
wer
le
vel
up
t
o
la
rg
e
distances
a
nd
c
an
i
ncr
ea
se
t
he
le
ngth
of
s
pa
ns
bet
we
en
the
am
plifie
rs
an
d
re
ge
ner
a
ti
on
sit
es.
Als
o,
Ram
an
am
pli
fier
can
be
us
e
d
to
e
xten
d
Er
biu
m
-
dope
d
Fi
ber
A
m
pl
ifie
r
(
E
DFAs
)
a
nd
is
c
om
pat
ible
with
sing
le
m
od
e
fi
ber.
T
he
only
im
po
rtant
draw
back
of
Ram
an
am
plifi
er
over
ot
her
a
m
pl
ifie
r
is
t
hat
it
re
qu
i
res
pu
m
p
la
sers
with
hi
gh
op
ti
cal
powe
r
(>
1
w
at
t)
with
relat
ed
t
her
m
al
m
anag
em
ent
i
ssu
es
an
d
it
is
c
os
tl
ie
r
as
c
om
par
ed
to
oth
er
a
m
pl
ifie
rs.
Ci
rc
uit
dia
gr
am
for
op
ti
cal
encr
y
ption an
d dec
ryptio
n
at
50 G
B/
s
is
sho
wn in Fi
gure
1.
Figure
1. Ci
rcui
t
diagr
am
f
or
op
ti
cal
e
ncr
ypt
ion
a
nd
decr
y
pt
ion
at
50 G
B/
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Com
pu
t. Sci.
I
nf. Tec
hnol.
13
Impact
o
f e
ncr
yption a
nd
dec
ryptio
n
te
ch
niques f
or
high s
pe
ed op
ti
cal
do
ma
i
n
… (
Ch
akr
esh
K
umar)
3.1.
Encr
yption
pr
ocess
In
t
his
desig
n
da
ta
in
the
retu
r
n
to
zer
o
(
RZ
)
form
at
is
giv
en
as
in
pu
t
at
50
Gb
/s
with
t
he
he
lp
of
a
la
se
r
so
urce.
T
he
si
gnal
is
delay
ed
a
nd
both
the
ori
gin
al
a
nd
the
de
la
ye
d
sig
n
al
is
give
n
as
i
nput
to
the
opti
cal
c
oupler
al
ong
with
the
s
plit
te
r
w
hich
the
n
sp
li
ts
t
he
sig
nals
w
hich
is
t
hen
giv
e
n
to
t
he
er
biu
m
dope
d
fi
ber
am
plifie
r
.
The
outp
ut
sig
nal
is
t
hen
gi
ve
n
as
in
put
to
the
distrib
uted
Ra
m
an
a
m
plifie
r
w
hich
the
n
increa
ses
t
he
ou
t
pu
t
powe
r
s
o
that
t
he
sig
nal
ca
n
be
tra
ns
m
itted
t
o
la
rg
e
r
dista
nc
es.
The
ou
t
put
sig
nal
from
the
distri
bu
te
d
Ram
an
a
m
plifie
r
is
filt
ered
out
by
us
i
ng
a
raised
c
osi
ne
filt
er
an
d
th
e
encr
y
pted
sig
nal
is
passe
d
th
rou
gh
a
si
ng
le
m
od
e
fiber
(
SMF)
along
with
f
ibe
r
B
ragg
gr
at
in
g
(
FBG
)
to e
nsur
e m
ini
m
u
m
loss
of sig
nal.
3.2.
Decry
pt
i
on
pr
ocess
The
e
ncr
y
pted
sign
al
a
fter
pas
sing
it
thr
ough
sing
le
m
od
e
fi
ber
al
ong
with
f
iber
Bra
gg
gr
a
ti
ng
is
a
gain
giv
e
n
as i
nput t
o dist
rib
uted
R
a
m
an
am
plifie
r
so
a
s to
en
s
ure
that the
po
we
r
level d
oes
not
dro
p
an
d
t
he
si
gn
al
is
not
lost.
Th
e
decr
y
ption
pr
oc
ess
is
qu
it
e
si
m
il
ar
to
the
e
nc
ryptio
n
proce
ss.
T
he
si
gnal
f
ro
m
a
m
plifie
r
is
gi
ven
as
input
to
the
op
ti
cal
co
uple
r
al
ong
with
t
he
sp
li
tt
er
an
d
ou
tpu
t
sig
nal
is
gi
ven
as
i
nput
to
E
DF
A
an
d
t
hen
it
s
ou
t
pu
t
is
giv
e
n
as
input
to
dis
tribu
te
d
Ra
m
a
n
am
plifie
r.
Th
e
sign
al
f
r
om
Ram
an
a
m
plifie
r
is
giv
e
n
as
i
nput
to
the r
ai
se
d
c
os
i
ne fil
te
r
w
hich
then give
s
bac
k
the
origi
nal dat
a sign
al
.
4.
E
X
PLA
NA
TI
ON
OF
C
IRCUIT
DI
AGRA
M
F
OR
OPTIC
AL
EN
CRY
PTION
A
N
D
DEC
RYPT
IO
N
P
ROCESS
AT 10
0 Gb/S
The
m
ai
n
di
ff
e
ren
ce
be
twee
n
the
ci
rc
uit
at
50
GB/
s
a
nd
the
ci
rcu
it
at
10
0
Gb
/s
is
that
the
ci
rcu
it
f
or
desig
ning
the
transm
issi
on
ci
r
cuit
for
100
G
b/
s
is
that
it
do
es
no
t
re
qu
ire
an
EDFA
.
Inste
ad
it
us
es
a
n
at
te
nuat
or
so
as t
o
e
nsure t
hat the pow
e
r l
evel add
e
d due t
o
no
ise
is
not t
oo
m
uch
.
Al
so
,
the si
gnal
used for
e
ncr
y
pt
ion
is
diff
e
re
nt
tha
n
that
use
d
in
th
e
ge
ne
rati
on
of
e
ncr
y
pted
si
gn
al
.
Ci
rc
uit
di
agr
am
for
opti
cal
encr
y
ption
an
d
decr
y
ption at
100 GB/s
a
s s
hown in Fi
gure
2
.
Figure
2. Ci
rcui
t diagr
am
f
or
op
ti
cal
e
ncr
ypt
ion
a
nd
decr
y
pt
ion
at
100 GB
/s
4.1.
Encr
yption
pr
ocess
In
t
his
de
sig
n
data
in
th
e
RZ form
at
is
giv
en
as
in
pu
t
at
1
00
Gb
/s wit
h
t
he
help
of
a
la
ser
so
urce.
The
sign
al
is
delay
e
d
an
d
bo
t
h
the
or
i
gin
al
an
d
th
e
delay
ed
sig
na
l
is
giv
en
as
i
nput
to
t
he
opti
c
al
coupler
al
on
g
with
the
sp
li
tt
er
w
hich
the
n
sp
li
ts
the
sig
nals
w
hi
ch
is
then
giv
e
n
to
the
at
te
nu
at
or
.
T
he
ou
t
put
sign
al
is
the
n
gi
ve
n
as
input
to
the
distrib
uted
Ra
m
an
a
m
plifie
r
wh
ic
h
the
n
inc
reases
the
ou
t
pu
t
powe
r
s
o
th
at
the
sign
al
c
an
be
transm
itted to
larg
e
r dist
ances
. T
he o
utput si
gn
al
fro
m
the
di
stribu
te
d R
am
an
am
plifie
r
is
filt
ered
out
by
us
i
ng
a
raised
c
os
ine
filt
er
an
d
the
encr
y
pted
si
gnal
is
passed
t
hroug
h
a
SMF
al
ong
with
FB
G
to
ens
ur
e
m
ini
m
u
m
loss
of
sig
nal.
4.2.
Decry
pt
i
on
pr
ocess
The
e
ncr
y
pted
sign
al
a
fter
pas
sing
it
th
r
ough
sing
le
m
od
e
fib
er
al
on
g
with
F
iber
Br
ag
g
gr
at
ing
is
a
gai
n
giv
e
n
as i
nput t
o dist
rib
uted
R
a
m
an
am
plifie
r
so
a
s to
en
s
ure
that the
powe
r
level d
oes
not
dro
p
an
d
t
he
si
gn
al
is
not
l
os
t.
Th
e
decr
y
ption
pr
oc
ess
is
qu
it
e
si
m
il
ar
to
the
e
nc
ryptio
n
proce
ss.
T
he
si
gnal
f
ro
m
a
m
plifie
r
is
gi
ven
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2722
-
3221
Com
pu
t. Sci.
I
nf. Tec
hnol.
,
V
ol. 2, N
o.
1, M
arch 2
021
:
1
1
–
1
5
14
as
in
pu
t
t
o
t
he
op
ti
cal
c
oupler
al
ong
with
the
sp
li
tt
er
a
nd
outpu
t
si
gn
al
is
gi
ven
as
in
put
t
o
at
te
nuat
or
a
nd
th
e
n
it
s
ou
t
pu
t
is
giv
en
as
in
pu
t
t
o
di
stri
bu
te
d
Ra
m
an
am
plifie
r.
The
sig
nal
fro
m
Rama
n
am
pl
ifie
r
is
giv
e
n
a
s
in
pu
t
to the rai
sed
c
osi
ne
filt
er
w
hich
the
n give
s
ba
ck
the
origi
nal
data sig
nal.
5.
RESU
LT
S
A
ND D
I
SCUS
S
ION
5.1.
Out
p
ut fi
gu
re
at
50 Gb/s
The
gr
a
ph
is
a
plo
t
of
powe
r
of
i
nput
si
gn
al
,
delay
ed
si
gnal
an
d
the
enc
rypted
si
gnal
at
50
Gb
/s
wi
t
h
resp
ect
t
o
th
e ti
m
e in n
a
nosec
onds
,
as s
how
n i
n
Fi
gure
3
.
5.2.
Out
p
ut fi
gu
re
at
100 Gb/s
The
a
bo
ve
gr
a
ph
is
a
plo
t
of
powe
r
of
in
put
sig
nal,
delay
e
d
si
gn
al
an
d
th
e
enc
rypte
d
si
gn
al
at
100
GB/s wit
h res
pe
ct
to
the
tim
e in n
a
nosec
onds
, as
s
how
n
i
n
F
igure
4
.
Figure
3.
O
utput fi
gure at
50
Gb
/s
Figure
4.
O
utput fi
gure at
10
0 G
b/s
6.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
This
pa
pe
r
pro
po
s
ed
th
e
ci
rcui
t
fo
r
ca
rr
yi
ng
ou
t
the
opti
cal
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
at
50
G
b/s
a
nd
100
G
b/s
al
ong
with
t
he
us
e
of
e
ncr
y
pt
ion
a
nd
decr
y
ption
te
ch
niqu
es
to
e
nsure
se
cur
e
d
tr
ansm
issi
on.
T
he
sim
ulati
on
resu
lt
s
for
the
ci
rcu
it
s
at
ultrafast
s
pee
ds
are
al
so
dem
on
strat
ed
in
t
he
pa
per.
T
he
s
ecur
e
d
si
gn
al
can
be
su
ccess
fu
ll
y
tr
ansm
itted
to
m
or
e
tha
n
300
km
witho
ut
a
ny
dec
rease
i
n
th
e
qual
it
y
of
sign
al
.
T
he
s
ugge
ste
d
ci
rcu
it
incl
ud
e
s
the
us
e
of
di
stribu
te
d
Ra
m
an
am
plifie
r,
E
rb
i
um
-
do
pe
d
fi
ber
am
plifie
r
(
EDFA
)
,
si
ng
le
m
od
e
fiber
al
ong
with
f
ibe
r
Bra
gg
g
rati
ng
an
d
opti
cal
com
bin
ers
an
d
at
te
nuat
or
s
.
The
se
res
ults
are
obta
in
ed
i
n
accor
da
nce
with
the
ex
pectat
ion
s
an
d
ac
co
rdi
ng
t
o
the
be
ha
vior
s
how
n
by
the
el
em
ents
us
ed
in
the
pro
pose
d
ci
rcu
it
a
nd
ca
n
be
us
e
d
in
fu
t
ur
e
opti
cal
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
ci
rc
uits
t
o
enab
le
hi
gh
s
peed
sec
ur
e
d
op
ti
cal
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
to
lar
ge dist
ances.
REFRE
NC
E
S
[1]
S.
Singh,
Lovkes
h,
X
.
Ye,
R
.
S. K
al
er
.
“
Design
o
f
Ultra
fast Enc
r
ypti
on
and
De
cr
ypti
on
Circ
u
it
s fo
r
Secur
ed
Opti
cal
Networks
.”
in
IE
EE
Jou
rnal
of
Q
uantum
Elec
tron
ic
s
,
vo
l. 48, no.
12,
pp
.
1547
-
15
53,
De
c. 2012.
[2]
Y.
J.
Jung
,
C.
W
.
Son
,
S.
Lee
,
S.
Gill
,
H
.
S.
Kim
,
N.
Park
.
“
Dem
onstrat
ion
of
10
GB/
s
al
l
-
opt
ic
a
l
enc
r
y
p
ti
on
an
d
dec
r
y
pt
ion
s
y
st
e
m
uti
li
z
ing
SO
A
XO
R
logi
c
g
at
e
s
.
”
J
.
Opt.
Quant
um
El
e
ct
ron
,
vo
l.
40
,
no.
56
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pp
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425
–
430
,
Apr
2008
.
[3]
O.
Bushkila
,
A.
E
y
al
,
M.
Shat
if
.
“
Secur
e
comm
unic
a
ti
on
inn
fi
ber
opt
ic
s
y
stem
s
via
tr
ansm
ission
of
b
roa
d
-
b
an
d
opti
c
al
no
ise.”
O
pt.
Ex
p
.
vol
.
16
,
no.
5
,
pp
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3382
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3396
,
Mar
.
2008
[4]
G.
D.
VanW
igg
er
en
,
R.
Ro
y
.
“
Co
m
m
unic
at
io
n
wi
t
h
Chao
ti
c
la
sers
.
”
S
cienc
e
.
vol
.
2
79,
no
.
5354,
pp
.
1198
-
1200,
1
998
.
[5]
Nuha
Mahm
oud
Ibra
h
im,
Am
in
Am
bedka
r
.
“A
Com
par
ison
of
Opti
ca
l
Am
pli
f
ie
rs
in
Optical
Com
m
unic
at
ion
S
y
stems
,
EDFA
,
SO
A
and
RAM
AN
.
”
Inte
rnat
io
nal
Journal
o
f
C
urr
ent
Re
search
.
v
ol
.
6,
no
.
9,
pp
.
8738
-
8741
,
201
4
.
[6]
L.
T
ancevski,
I.
Andonovic,
J.
Budin
.
“
Secur
e
opti
c
al
net
work
ar
chi
t
ec
tu
res
u
t
il
izing
w
ave
l
en
gth
hopping
/t
im
e
sprea
ding code
s
.
”
IE
EE P
hoton
Technol.Let
t
,
vo
l.
7,
pp
.
573
-
575
,
1995
.
[7]
T.
H.
Shake
.
“
Secur
ity
per
form
an
ce
of
opt
ic
a
l
CD
MA
aga
inst
ea
v
e
sdropping,
”
J
.
of
Light
wa
ve
Tec
hnol
.
vo
l.
23,
pp
.
655
-
670
,
2005
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Com
pu
t. Sci.
I
nf. Tec
hnol.
15
Impact
o
f e
ncr
yption a
nd
dec
ryptio
n
te
ch
niques f
or
high s
pe
ed op
ti
cal
do
ma
i
n
… (
Ch
akr
esh
K
umar)
[8]
Yogesh
Chaba,
R.
S. K
a
le
r
,
“
Co
m
par
ison
of v
arious
dispersion
c
om
pensa
ti
on
te
c
hnique
s
at
high
bit
r
ate us
ing
CS
RZ
form
at
”
Opti
k
,
v
ol.
121
,
no
.
9
,
pp
.
813
-
817
,
2010
.
[9]
Arg
y
ris,
Apos
tol
os
&
S
y
vrid
is,
D.
Larger,
L
a
ur
ent
&
Annova
z
zi
-
Lod
i,
V
al
er
io
,
Col
et,
P.
Fis
c
her
,
Ingo,
G
arc
i
a
Ojal
vo,
Jordi
Mi
rasso,
Cla
udio
P
esque
ra,
Lui
s
Sh
ore
,
Al
an.
“
Cha
os
-
base
d
communic
a
ti
ons
at
h
ig
h
bit
ra
te
s
using
comm
erc
ia
l
fib
re
-
optic
l
inks.
”
N
ature
.
vo
l.
438
,
p.
343
-
6
,
2005
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.