Co
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pu
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Science
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nfo
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m
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t
io
n T
ec
hn
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y
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p
p
.
1
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~
16
I
SS
N:
2722
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3
2
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1
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DOI
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h
ttp
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//ia
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p
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co
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ex
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p
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Tra
ff
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contr
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ller using
RF
I
D
a
nd Io
T
Vee
ra
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o
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pa
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De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
ECE
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P
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ru
m
a
l
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k
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in
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su
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d
ia
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
S
T
RAC
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ticle
his
to
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y:
R
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g
1
2
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2
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ev
is
ed
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2
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ep
ted
J
an
1
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2
0
2
0
Traffic
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a
n
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re
a
s
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c
re
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si
n
g
d
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y
d
a
y
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ich
lea
d
s
to
m
o
st
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rit
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e
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o
f
traffic
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e
m
e
n
t
t
h
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p
a
p
e
r
p
ro
p
o
se
s
a
sm
a
rt
a
n
d
fu
ll
y
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u
to
m
a
ti
c
traffic
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o
n
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o
l
sy
ste
m
t
h
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t
will
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e
tec
t
a
n
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l
t
h
e
c
o
n
g
e
stio
n
i
n
re
a
l
ti
m
e
,
d
e
tec
t
a
sto
len
v
e
h
icle
a
n
d
a
lso
p
a
ss
e
s
e
m
e
rg
e
n
c
y
v
e
h
icle
s
sm
o
o
th
ly
wit
h
th
e
u
se
o
f
p
a
ss
iv
e
RF
ID
d
e
v
ice
.
T
h
is
e
ffe
c
ti
v
e
ly
re
d
u
c
e
s
trav
e
l
d
e
lay
s
a
n
d
re
li
e
v
e
s
c
o
n
g
e
sti
o
n
,
it
is
n
e
c
e
ss
a
ry
to
c
o
n
tr
o
l
lan
e
m
e
rg
e
b
e
h
a
v
io
u
rs
o
f
fre
e
wa
y
.
De
p
e
n
d
i
n
g
u
p
o
n
th
e
c
o
u
n
t
o
f
v
e
h
icle
s
g
re
e
n
p
a
ss
a
g
e
will
b
e
se
t
d
y
n
a
m
ica
ll
y
a
n
d
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
sy
ste
m
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
s
sp
e
c
ial
p
riv
il
e
g
e
s
fo
r
e
m
e
rg
e
n
c
y
v
e
h
icle
s li
k
e
p
o
li
c
e
v
e
h
icle
,
a
m
b
u
lan
c
e
,
VI
P
v
e
h
icle
s,
e
tc.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
GSM
R
FID
r
ea
d
er
R
FID
tag
T
I
C
S
Z
ig
B
ee
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Vee
r
a
B
o
o
p
ath
y
.
E
,
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t o
f
E
C
E
,
E
r
.
Per
u
m
al
Ma
n
i
m
e
k
alai
C
o
lleg
e
o
f
E
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
,
Ho
s
u
r
,
I
n
d
ia
.
E
m
ail:
b
o
o
p
ath
y
.
v
ee
r
a@
g
m
ail.
co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
R
FID
tag
s
p
lace
d
at
ev
er
y
5
0
0
m
o
n
r
o
a
d
wo
u
l
d
b
e
r
ea
d
b
y
th
e
R
FID
r
ea
d
er
o
n
th
e
v
eh
icle,
an
d
tr
an
s
m
it
th
e
r
ea
d
tag
i
d
to
th
e
clo
u
d
.
T
r
af
f
ic
lig
h
t
p
o
s
ts
ar
e
p
lace
d
at
th
e
tr
af
f
ic
ju
n
ctio
n
.
T
r
af
f
ic
lig
h
t
s
et
th
e
g
r
ee
n
p
ass
ag
ewa
y
f
o
r
s
p
ec
if
ic
p
er
io
d
o
f
tim
e
wh
ich
is
n
o
t
a
co
m
p
lete
s
y
s
tem
atic
s
y
s
tem
as
it
ca
n
n
o
t
s
o
lv
e
th
e
tr
af
f
ic
p
r
o
b
lem
s
f
u
lly
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
will h
av
e
R
FID
r
ea
d
er
s
at
th
e
v
eh
icles th
at
will r
ea
d
all
th
e
R
FID
tag
s
attac
h
ed
o
n
r
o
ad
c
o
m
in
g
to
war
d
s
th
e
ju
n
ctio
n
.
R
FID
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
co
n
s
is
ts
f
o
llo
win
g
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
.
a.
R
ad
io
-
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
-
id
e
n
tific
atio
n
(
R
FID
)
tag
R
FID
tag
u
s
e
s
s
m
all
r
ad
io
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
id
e
n
tific
atio
n
an
d
tr
ac
k
in
g
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
an
d
tr
ac
k
tag
s
a
ttach
ed
to
o
b
jects
au
to
m
atica
lly
.
T
h
e
tag
s
co
n
tain
elec
tr
o
n
ically
s
av
e
d
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
I
t
co
n
tain
an
in
t
eg
r
ated
cir
c
u
it
an
d
an
an
ten
n
a,
wh
ic
h
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
tr
an
s
m
it
d
ata
to
th
e
R
FID
r
ea
d
er
Pas
s
iv
e
tag
s
g
ain
en
er
g
y
f
r
o
m
a
n
ea
r
b
y
R
FID
r
ea
d
er
'
s
in
ter
r
o
g
atin
g
r
ad
i
o
wav
es.
Activ
e
tag
s
h
av
e
th
ei
r
o
wn
p
o
wer
s
o
u
r
ce
s
u
ch
as
a
b
atter
y
an
d
m
ay
o
p
er
ate
at
h
u
n
d
r
ed
s
o
f
m
eter
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
R
FID
r
ea
d
er
.
b.
R
FID
r
ea
d
er
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
an
R
FID
r
ea
d
e
r
'
s
is
to
id
en
tify
R
FID
tag
s
.
A
r
ea
d
er
co
n
tain
s
a
R
ad
io
Fre
q
u
en
cy
m
o
d
u
le,
wh
ich
ac
ts
as
b
o
th
a
tr
an
s
m
itter
as
well
as
r
ec
ei
v
er
o
f
r
ad
i
o
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
s
ig
n
al
s
.
T
o
g
e
n
er
ate
th
e
ca
r
r
ier
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
,
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itter
co
n
tain
s
o
f
an
o
s
cillato
r
.
T
h
e
r
ec
eiv
er
h
as
a
d
em
o
d
u
lato
r
to
ex
tr
ac
t
th
e
r
etu
r
n
ed
d
ata
an
d
also
f
o
r
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
it
co
n
tain
s
an
am
p
lifie
r
t
o
s
tr
en
g
th
en
th
e
s
ig
n
al.
A
m
icr
o
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
f
o
r
m
s
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l sy
s
tem
,
m
e
m
o
r
y
to
f
ilter
an
d
s
to
r
e
th
e
d
at
a.
T
h
e
d
ata
is
th
en
r
ea
d
y
to
b
e
s
en
t to
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
7
2
2
-
3
2
2
1
C
o
m
p
u
t.
Sci.
I
n
f
.
T
ec
h
n
o
l.
,
V
o
l.
5
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
y
20
20
:
1
3
-
16
14
R
FID
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
[
1
]
u
s
es
d
i
g
ital
d
ata
with
in
R
FID
tag
,
wh
ich
is
m
ad
e
u
p
o
f
in
teg
r
at
ed
cir
cu
its
wh
ich
co
n
tai
n
s
a
s
m
all
an
ten
n
a
f
o
r
tr
a
n
s
f
er
r
in
g
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
to
R
FID
r
ea
d
er
s
.
T
h
e
g
r
ea
ter
p
ar
t
o
f
R
FID
tag
s
en
clo
s
es
as
a
m
in
im
u
m
an
in
teg
r
ated
cir
cu
it
f
o
r
d
em
o
d
u
la
tin
g
an
d
m
o
d
u
latin
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R
F
wav
es
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d
an
an
ten
n
a
.
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q
u
en
cy
r
an
g
es
d
if
f
er
f
r
o
m
lo
w
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r
eq
u
en
cies
o
f
1
2
5
t
o
1
3
4
k
Hz
a
n
d
1
4
0
to
1
4
8
.
5
k
Hz,
a
n
d
h
ig
h
f
r
eq
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en
cies
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f
8
5
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z
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n
d
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4
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GHz
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s
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t
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2
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4
GHz
r
an
g
e.
2.
E
XI
ST
I
NG
SYS
T
E
M
2
.
1
.
Ca
m
er
a
T
h
er
e
will
b
e
f
o
u
r
ca
m
er
as
in
o
n
e
in
ter
s
ec
tio
n
f
o
r
a
ju
n
cti
o
n
r
o
a
d
.
A
C
PU
will
b
e
co
n
n
e
cted
with
th
ese
ca
m
er
as
wh
ich
will
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
v
id
eo
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
.
T
h
e
R
FID
wil
l
b
e
p
o
s
itio
n
ed
u
n
d
er
th
e
r
o
a
d
f
o
r
d
etec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
ca
r
.
T
h
e
h
ar
d
war
e'
s
u
s
ed
:
HD
C
am
er
a
[
4
]
,
C
PU
(
Fo
r
v
id
eo
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
)
,
Mic
r
o
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
(
Fo
r
tr
af
f
ic
lig
h
t
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
)
an
d
R
FID
R
ea
d
er
(
Fo
r
v
eh
icle
Dete
ctio
n
)
wh
ich
will
b
e
b
esid
es
t
h
e
r
o
ad
.
T
h
en
u
s
in
g
Fra
m
e
b
y
f
r
a
m
e
R
ea
l
-
tim
e
v
id
eo
an
aly
s
is
th
r
o
u
g
h
Dev
el
o
p
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
,
h
o
w
m
u
ch
ca
r
s
ar
e
p
r
esen
t
o
n
th
e
R
o
ad
ca
n
b
e
d
etec
ted
.
De
p
e
n
d
in
g
o
n
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
Det
ec
ted
v
eh
icles
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
a
s
er
ial
tr
af
f
ic
T
im
er
s
y
s
tem
is
d
o
n
e.
T
h
is
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
will
b
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
to
C
PU
o
r
th
e
ce
n
tr
al
d
atab
as
e.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
is
au
to
m
atic
tr
af
f
ic
s
y
s
tem
,
th
e
t
r
af
f
ic
li
g
h
t
ON/OFF
will
d
ep
en
d
o
n
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
Veh
icles
o
n
th
e
R
o
ad
.
T
h
e
C
PU
will
d
etec
t
ea
ch
an
d
ev
er
y
ca
r
an
d
will
C
o
u
n
t
th
e
v
eh
icle
n
u
m
b
er
in
th
e
r
o
ad
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
Dev
elo
p
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
I
t w
ill also
d
o
th
e
s
am
e
th
in
g
with
o
th
er
s
id
e
o
f
th
e
r
o
ad
b
y
u
s
in
g
an
o
th
er
ca
m
er
a.
C
PU
th
en
co
m
p
ar
es
v
e
h
icle
n
u
m
b
er
o
n
a
d
jace
n
t
r
o
ad
s
.
T
h
e
r
o
ad
w
h
ich
h
as
m
o
r
e
v
eh
icle
s
will
g
et
th
e
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
an
d
g
r
ee
n
L
ig
h
t
f
o
r
th
at
r
o
ad
will
b
e
s
et
o
n
an
d
r
ed
s
ig
n
al
will
b
e
d
is
p
lay
ed
au
to
m
atica
lly
to
th
e
o
th
er
r
o
a
d
.
T
r
af
f
ic
lig
h
ts
will
b
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
ce
n
tr
al
s
y
s
tem
an
d
in
tellig
en
t
Sy
s
t
em
will
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
tr
af
f
ic
lig
h
t sy
s
tem
.
2
.
2
.
WSN
T
h
e
wo
r
k
in
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
to
in
teg
r
ate
W
ir
eless
Sen
s
o
r
Netwo
r
k
(
W
SN)
in
th
e
R
FI
D
R
ea
d
er
to
im
p
lem
en
t T
r
af
f
ic
c
o
n
tr
o
llin
g
s
y
s
tem
wh
er
e
m
o
tio
n
s
en
s
o
r
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
t
r
an
s
m
it si
g
n
al
to
th
e
R
FID
r
ea
d
er
to
e
n
ter
in
t
h
e
r
ea
d
A
r
ea
wh
en
it
d
etec
ts
th
e
R
FID
tag
an
d
t
h
en
R
FID
R
ea
d
er
R
ea
d
s
th
e
co
n
ten
ts
o
f
R
FID
tag
an
d
p
ass
th
is
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
to
H
o
s
t
v
ia
I
E
E
E
8
0
2
.
1
5
.
4
/Zig
B
ee
s
tan
d
ar
d
,
wh
ich
r
ed
u
ce
s
C
o
s
t
an
d
tim
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
b
y
elim
in
atin
g
th
e
wi
r
ed
I
n
s
tallatio
n
o
f
ca
b
le.
E
ac
h
in
ter
s
ec
tio
n
co
n
tain
s
8
R
FID
r
ea
d
er
s
.
T
h
e
r
o
a
d
is
d
i
v
id
ed
in
to
two
s
ep
ar
ate
lan
es.
E
ac
h
lan
e
h
a
s
its
R
FID
R
ea
d
er
to
tr
ac
k
th
e
v
eh
icles
p
ass
in
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
it.
E
ac
h
I
n
ter
s
ec
tio
n
p
o
in
t
h
as
its
s
ep
ar
ate
d
atab
ase
to
s
to
r
e
th
e
I
n
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
r
eg
a
r
d
in
g
th
e
v
eh
icles
th
at
p
ass
ed
f
r
o
m
j
u
n
ctio
n
.
E
v
er
y
v
eh
icle
h
as
a
R
FID
en
ab
led
d
ev
ice
th
a
t
s
to
r
es
a
v
eh
icle
id
en
tific
atio
n
n
u
m
b
e
r
(
VI
N)
[
5
]
.
T
h
e
d
u
ty
o
f
th
e
s
m
ar
t
t
r
af
f
ic
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
to
c
o
m
p
u
te
th
e
tim
e
o
f
g
r
ee
n
s
ig
n
al
s
p
ec
if
ically
b
asis
o
n
th
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
v
e
h
icle
an
d
also
s
o
lv
e
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
s
tar
v
atio
n
.
T
h
is
is
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
f
o
r
o
b
ject
d
etec
tio
n
an
d
co
n
to
u
r
tr
ac
in
g
.
Af
te
r
f
in
d
in
g
th
e
ed
g
es
th
en
co
u
n
t
o
b
jects
as
d
ef
in
ed
b
y
th
e
e
d
g
es.
R
FID
T
AG
m
u
s
t b
e
in
s
talled
in
ea
ch
a
n
d
e
v
er
y
v
eh
icle
th
at
is
b
ein
g
u
s
ed
.
R
FID
R
E
ADE
R
p
lace
d
at
m
o
s
t
cr
itical
s
p
o
ts
o
n
r
o
a
d
wo
u
ld
b
e
r
ea
d
b
y
th
e
o
n
th
e
v
e
h
icle,
an
d
tr
an
s
m
it
th
e
r
ea
d
tag
i
d
to
th
e
clo
u
d
.
T
h
e
T
ag
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
t
ab
le
in
clo
u
d
w
o
u
ld
f
etch
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
L
o
ca
lity
/R
o
ad
/La
n
e
[
6
]
.
T
h
e
d
ata
b
ase
o
f
th
e
v
e
h
icle
wh
ich
is
m
ain
tain
ed
b
y
co
n
tr
o
l r
o
o
m
.
2
.
3
.
G
P
S sy
s
t
em
a
nd
Z
ig
B
ee
T
h
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
h
as
th
r
ee
p
ar
ts
.
First
p
ar
t
co
n
tain
s
E
q
u
ip
p
e
d
with
an
R
FID
tag
an
d
r
ea
d
er
at
tr
af
f
ic
ju
n
ctio
n
.
W
h
en
it
co
m
e
s
in
th
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
R
FID
r
ea
d
er
,
it
will
s
en
d
th
e
s
ig
n
al
to
th
e
R
FID
r
ea
d
er
wh
ich
will
tr
ac
k
h
o
w
m
an
y
Veh
icles
h
av
e
p
ass
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
ju
n
c
tio
n
f
o
r
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
Per
io
d
o
f
ti
m
e
an
d
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
tr
af
f
ic
co
n
g
esti
o
n
v
o
lu
m
e.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
ly
,
it
s
ets
th
e
g
r
ee
n
p
ass
ag
e
f
o
r
th
at
p
ar
ticu
lar
p
ath
.
Seco
n
d
p
ar
t
is
f
o
r
th
e
em
er
g
en
cy
v
eh
icle
d
etec
tio
n
an
d
clea
r
an
ce
.
Her
e,
ea
ch
em
er
g
en
c
y
v
e
h
icle
co
n
tain
s
Z
ig
B
ee
tr
an
s
m
i
tter
an
d
th
e
Z
ig
B
ee
r
ec
eiv
er
will
b
e
p
r
esen
t
at
th
e
tr
af
f
ic
ju
n
ctio
n
.
T
h
e
b
u
zz
er
will
b
e
tu
r
n
e
d
ON
wh
e
n
th
e
v
eh
icle
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
em
er
g
en
cy
.
T
h
is
will
s
en
d
th
e
s
ig
n
al
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
Z
ig
B
ee
tr
an
s
m
itter
to
th
e
R
ec
eiv
er
.
I
t
will
tu
r
n
th
e
tr
af
f
ic
lig
h
t
to
ch
a
n
g
e
to
g
r
ee
n
.
On
c
e
th
e
am
b
u
lan
ce
p
ass
es
th
r
o
u
g
h
ju
n
ctio
n
,
th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
n
o
lo
n
g
er
r
ec
eiv
es
th
e
Z
ig
B
ee
s
ig
n
al
an
d
th
e
tr
af
f
ic
li
g
h
t
is
s
witch
ed
t
o
r
e
d
.
R
FID
a
n
d
GPS
b
ased
au
to
m
atic
tr
af
f
i
c
clea
r
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
am
b
u
lan
ce
.
T
h
e
m
o
tiv
atio
n
o
f
th
is
jo
b
is
to
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
d
elay
f
o
r
th
e
am
b
u
lan
ce
to
r
ea
c
h
to
t
h
e
h
o
s
p
ital
b
y
au
to
m
atica
lly
clea
r
in
g
th
e
tr
a
f
f
ic
lan
e,
b
ef
o
r
e
it
r
ea
ch
es
th
e
tr
af
f
ic
s
ig
n
al.
T
h
e
th
ir
d
p
ar
t
is
f
o
r
d
etec
tio
n
o
f
s
to
len
v
eh
icle.
Her
e,
wh
en
th
e
R
FID
r
ea
d
er
r
ea
d
s
th
e
R
FID
tag
,
it
co
m
p
ar
es
it
to
th
e
r
eg
is
ter
ed
s
to
len
R
FID
s
an
d
GPS
ar
e
p
o
s
itio
n
ed
to
g
eth
er
with
th
e
s
to
len
au
to
m
o
b
ile
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
m
o
d
u
le
[
2
]
,
s
o
th
a
t
th
e
ex
ac
t
lo
ca
tio
n
o
f
s
to
len
v
eh
icle
is
k
n
o
w
n
.
B
u
t
wh
en
an
eq
u
al
is
cr
ea
te,
it
tr
an
s
m
its
SMS
to
war
d
co
n
t
r
o
l
r
o
o
m
o
f
p
o
lice,
s
o
th
at
th
e
v
eh
icle
is
m
ad
e
t
o
s
to
p
in
th
e
tr
a
f
f
ic
ju
n
ctio
n
an
d
lo
ca
l p
o
lice
ca
n
tak
e
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
iate
ac
tio
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
C
o
m
p
u
t.
Sci.
I
n
f
.
T
ec
h
n
o
l.
Tr
a
ffic la
n
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
u
s
in
g
R
F
I
D
a
n
d
I
o
T
(
V
ee
r
a
B
o
o
p
a
th
y
E
)
15
3.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
SYS
T
E
M
I
n
th
is
p
ap
e
r
we
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
to
in
s
ta
ll
an
in
tellig
en
t
tr
ac
k
in
g
d
e
v
ice
o
n
e
v
er
y
v
eh
icle.
T
h
e
r
ea
d
er
wo
u
l
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
f
o
llo
win
g
f
ea
tu
r
es f
o
r
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
t
h
e
T
r
af
f
ic
in
Hig
h
way
s
,
−
E
n
s
u
r
es th
e
Veh
icles r
u
n
n
i
n
g
o
n
Hig
h
way
s
f
o
llo
w
lan
e
d
is
ci
p
lin
e
−
I
d
en
tifie
s
an
d
R
ep
o
r
ts
ca
u
s
e
f
o
r
C
o
n
g
esti
o
n
in
a
f
ast
tr
ac
k
r
o
ad
.
−
E
n
ab
les au
to
m
ated
d
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
v
io
latio
n
s
a
n
d
ch
a
r
g
es p
en
a
lties
o
r
licen
s
e
ca
n
ce
llatio
n
etc.
−
Help
s
in
R
ed
u
cin
g
B
r
ib
er
y
i
n
th
e
T
r
af
f
ic
c
o
n
tr
o
l m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
in
av
o
id
in
g
Vio
latio
n
s
.
−
I
n
cr
ea
s
es c
o
n
s
cio
u
s
n
ess
in
v
e
h
icle
o
p
er
ato
r
s
.
C
r
ea
tes
way
s
to
n
ew
T
r
af
f
ic
p
r
ed
ictio
n
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
i
n
f
lu
en
ce
o
f
lan
e
clo
s
u
r
e,
th
is
p
ap
er
d
esig
n
s
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
f
lo
w
o
f
I
n
tellig
en
t
L
a
n
e
Me
r
g
e
C
o
n
tr
o
l
Sy
s
tem
(
I
L
MCS
)
[
3
]
with
I
T
S
tech
n
iq
u
es,
an
d
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
T
r
af
f
ic
I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
C
o
llectio
n
Sy
s
tem
,
T
r
af
f
ic
I
n
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
Pro
ce
s
s
an
d
Dec
is
io
n
Sy
s
tem
an
d
T
r
af
f
ic
I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
R
elea
s
e
Sy
s
tem
o
f
I
L
MCS
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Desig
n
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
R
FID
tag
s
y
s
tem
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
id
en
tifie
s
tr
af
f
ic
s
tates
b
y
an
aly
zin
g
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
d
a
ta
co
llected
b
y
tr
af
f
ic
d
etec
to
r
s
an
d
th
en
ad
o
p
ts
ad
ap
tiv
e
la
n
e
m
er
g
e
co
n
tr
o
l stra
teg
ies b
y
an
al
y
zin
g
t
h
e
ex
ten
t o
f
tr
af
f
ic
c
o
n
g
esti
o
n
.
At
last
,
th
e
p
ap
er
ev
alu
ates
I
L
MCS
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
s
b
y
s
im
u
la
tio
n
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
s
o
f
I
L
MCS
ex
ce
ed
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
m
er
g
e
co
n
tr
o
ls
,
d
y
n
am
ic
ea
r
ly
m
er
g
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
an
d
d
y
n
am
ic
late
m
er
g
e
co
n
tr
o
l,
esp
ec
ially
in
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
f
r
ee
way
wo
r
k
z
o
n
es saf
ety
a
n
d
ca
p
ac
ity
.
T
h
e
m
ain
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
f
I
L
MCS
ar
e
T
r
af
f
ic
I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
C
o
llectio
n
Sy
s
tem
(
T
I
C
S),
T
r
af
f
ic
I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
Pro
ce
s
s
an
d
Dec
is
io
n
Sy
s
tem
(
T
I
PDS)
an
d
T
r
af
f
ic
I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
R
elea
s
e
Sy
s
t
em
(
T
I
R
S).
T
I
C
S
is
th
e
b
asis
o
f
I
L
MCS
,
u
s
in
g
tr
a
f
f
ic
d
etec
to
r
s
to
co
llect
d
ata
an
d
tr
an
s
f
er
to
T
I
PDS
b
y
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
n
etwo
r
k
.
T
I
PDS
is
th
e
co
r
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
o
f
I
L
MCS
to
d
ec
id
e
wh
ich
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
ad
o
p
ted
.
T
I
R
S
r
elea
s
es
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
t
o
tr
av
el
er
s
b
y
u
s
in
g
a
s
er
ies
o
f
VM
S,
th
en
to
r
ea
lize
d
y
n
am
ic
co
n
tr
o
l o
f
th
e
lan
e
m
er
g
e.
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
ws th
e
T
I
C
S,
T
I
PDS an
d
T
I
R
S c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
an
d
d
ata
f
l
o
w.
T
r
af
f
ic
s
tate
is
d
etec
ted
b
y
tr
a
f
f
ic
v
o
lu
m
e,
v
elo
city
an
d
o
cc
u
p
an
cy
d
ata.
I
L
MCS
tr
ig
g
er
s
DE
M
wh
en
tr
af
f
ic
v
o
l
u
m
e
is
lo
w
a
n
d
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
co
n
tr
o
ls
th
e
f
ir
s
t
p
iece
o
f
VM
S
u
p
s
tr
ea
m
to
s
h
o
w
“
L
ef
t
(
o
r
R
ig
h
t)
L
an
e
Do
No
t
Pas
s
/
W
h
en
Fla
s
h
in
g
”.
W
ith
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
o
f
t
r
af
f
ic
v
o
lu
m
e,
th
e
u
p
p
er
V
MS
ar
e
tr
ig
g
er
ed
in
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
,
u
n
til
th
e
f
in
al
p
iec
e
o
f
VM
S
o
n
u
p
s
tr
ea
m
.
I
f
t
r
af
f
ic
v
o
lu
m
e
co
n
tin
u
es
to
in
cr
ea
s
e,
wh
en
th
e
q
u
eu
e
d
if
f
u
s
es
to
u
p
s
tr
ea
m
o
f
W
Z
an
d
I
L
MCS
tr
an
s
f
er
s
to
DL
M,
wh
er
e
all
VM
S
s
h
o
w
th
e
m
e
s
s
ag
e
o
f
“Use
B
o
th
L
an
es
to
Me
r
g
e
Po
in
t/
W
h
en
Flas
h
in
g
”.
W
ith
th
e
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
ch
an
g
e
o
f
tr
a
f
f
ic
s
tates,
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
o
f
I
L
MCS
also
ch
an
g
es a
d
ap
tiv
e
ly
.
T
r
af
f
ic
s
tate
is
d
etec
ted
b
y
co
m
p
ar
in
g
tr
af
f
ic
d
ata
co
llected
f
r
o
m
T
I
C
S
with
th
e
d
ec
is
io
n
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
s
an
d
th
e
d
etec
tio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
.
So
m
e
tr
af
f
ic
d
etec
to
r
s
ar
e
i
n
s
talled
o
n
VM
S
to
m
o
n
ito
r
tr
af
f
ic
d
e
n
s
ity
an
d
co
n
g
esti
o
n
.
W
h
en
s
to
p
p
ed
v
e
h
icles
ar
e
d
etec
ted
in
th
e
o
p
en
lan
e
n
ex
t
to
a
s
ig
n
,
a
s
ig
n
al
is
tr
an
s
m
itted
to
tu
r
n
o
n
th
e
f
lash
in
g
s
tr
o
b
es
o
n
th
e
n
ex
t
s
ig
n
u
p
s
tr
ea
m
wh
ile
au
to
m
o
b
iles
ar
e
r
u
n
n
in
g
o
n
ce
m
o
r
e,
th
e
s
tr
o
b
es
will
s
h
u
t
o
f
f
.
I
n
th
is
way
,
th
e
len
g
th
o
f
th
e
n
o
-
p
ass
in
g
zo
n
e
is
ad
ap
ted
to
th
e
len
g
th
o
f
c
o
n
g
esti
o
n
at
an
y
m
o
m
en
t;
th
er
eb
y
it c
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
ca
p
ac
ity
.
Fin
ally
th
e
GSM
m
o
d
u
le
n
u
m
b
er
is
in
ter
f
ac
ed
with
I
OT
clo
u
d
wh
ich
m
an
ag
e
th
e
d
atab
ase
o
f
v
eh
icles
an
d
th
ese
ar
e
ac
c
ess
ed
b
y
co
n
tr
o
l
r
o
o
m
T
I
C
S
ac
t
as
I
OT
p
latf
o
r
m
th
at
co
ll
ec
t
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
b
y
u
s
in
g
in
tellig
en
ce
if
an
y
v
eh
icle
cr
o
s
s
th
e
s
p
ee
d
lim
it
o
f
th
e
L
an
e
th
en
v
eh
icle
d
etails
is
n
o
ted
in
co
n
tr
o
l r
o
o
m
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
7
2
2
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3
2
2
1
C
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m
p
u
t.
Sci.
I
n
f
.
T
ec
h
n
o
l.
,
V
o
l.
5
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
y
20
20
:
1
3
-
16
16
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
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T
h
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p
r
ev
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s
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wo
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k
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f
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v
ice
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ad
d
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m
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g
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to
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d
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Har
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war
e
lik
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ig
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ee
etc.
an
d
co
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p
licate
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
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Pro
p
o
s
ed
s
y
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wo
r
k
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ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
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d
with
h
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ac
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m
a
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ag
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tr
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with
d
if
f
er
en
t
p
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io
r
iti
es a
t d
if
f
er
en
t tim
e.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
An
d
re
w
G
.
Be
a
c
h
e
r,
M
e
c
h
a
e
l
D.
F
o
n
tain
e
a
n
d
Nic
h
o
las
J.
G
a
rb
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r,
Ev
a
l
u
a
ti
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n
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f
t
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late
m
e
rg
e
w
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rk
z
o
n
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traffic
c
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tro
l
stra
teg
y
,
Virg
in
ia T
r
a
n
sp
o
rtatio
n
Re
se
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rc
h
Co
u
n
c
il
,
F
i
n
a
l
R
e
p
o
rt,
2
0
0
4
.
[2
]
An
d
rz
e
j
P
.
Tark
o
,
Da
n
iel
S
h
a
m
o
a
n
d
Ja
so
n
Was
so
n
,
In
d
ian
a
lan
e
m
e
rg
e
sy
ste
m
fo
r
wo
rk
z
o
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s
o
n
ru
ra
l
fre
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wa
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s,
J
o
u
rn
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o
f
T
ra
n
sp
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En
g
i
n
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,
1
9
9
9
,
1
2
5
(
5
):4
1
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-
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2
0
.
[3
]
Tap
a
n
Da
tt
a
,
Ke
rrie
S
c
h
a
tt
ler,
P
u
sk
a
r
Ka
r
a
n
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Ar
p
it
a
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u
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a
,
De
v
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p
m
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n
t
a
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d
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v
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lu
a
ti
o
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a
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v
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d
d
y
n
a
m
ic
lan
e
m
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rg
e
traffic
c
o
n
tro
l
sy
st
e
m
fo
r
3
to
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lan
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tra
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siti
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re
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s
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wo
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z
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s,
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rtme
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sp
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,
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a
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Re
p
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RC
-
1
4
5
1
,
2
0
0
4
.
[4
]
Eri
c
M
e
y
e
r,
C
o
n
str
u
c
ti
o
n
a
re
a
late
m
e
rg
e
s (CALM
)
sy
ste
m
,
F
HW
A P
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led
F
u
n
d
S
t
u
d
y
,
2
0
0
4
.
[5
]
Ky
e
o
n
g
-
P
y
o
Ka
n
g
,
G
a
n
g
-
Len
C
h
a
n
g
a
n
d
Ja
wa
d
P
a
ra
c
h
a
,
D
y
n
a
m
ic
late
m
e
rg
e
c
o
n
tro
l
a
t
h
i
g
h
wa
y
wo
rk
z
o
n
e
s:
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
,
o
b
se
rv
a
ti
o
n
s,
a
n
d
s
u
g
g
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stio
n
s,
TRB
2
0
0
6
A
n
n
u
a
l
M
e
e
t
in
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CD
-
ROM
,
2
0
0
6
,
1
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2
8
.
[6
]
P
a
tri
c
k
T.
M
c
Co
y
a
n
d
G
e
z
a
P
e
sti
,
Dy
n
a
m
ic
late
m
e
rg
e
c
o
n
t
ro
l
c
o
n
c
e
p
t
fo
r
wo
r
k
z
o
n
e
s
o
n
ru
ra
l
fre
e
wa
y
s,
Av
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
:
//
o
p
s.fh
wa
.
d
o
t
.
g
o
v
/wz
/wo
r
k
s
h
o
p
s/a
c
c
e
ss
ib
le/M
c
Co
y
.
h
tm,U
S
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
Tran
s
p
o
rtati
o
n
F
H
WA,
2
0
0
6
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.