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p
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Net
w
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last
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[
2
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.
T
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llecti
o
n
,
g
i
v
i
n
g
d
is
cip
li
n
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
f
o
r
R
ea
l
T
im
e
S
y
s
t
e
m
s
[
4
]
.
Ma
in
f
u
n
ctio
n
in
g
in
n
et
w
o
r
k
tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
is
b
u
f
f
er
in
g
,
a
n
d
its
s
ize
o
p
tim
izatio
n
h
a
s
b
ec
o
m
e
a
g
o
o
d
r
esear
ch
tas
k
f
o
r
s
c
h
o
lar
s
.
T
h
e
r
o
u
ter
h
av
in
g
b
u
f
f
er
i
n
h
a
b
its
ad
d
itio
n
al
c
h
ip
s
p
ac
e
th
at
lead
s
to
e
x
tr
ao
r
d
in
a
r
y
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
in
ta
k
e.
So
,
m
ai
n
e
m
p
h
a
s
is
o
f
t
h
e
r
esear
c
h
i
s
s
i
m
p
li
f
icatio
n
o
f
r
o
u
ter
ar
ch
itect
u
r
al
d
esig
n
h
a
v
i
n
g
n
o
b
u
f
f
er
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
[
5
]
.
U
s
in
g
p
o
w
er
s
av
i
n
g
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
-
a
m
p
li
f
y
i
n
g
m
et
h
o
d
s
to
r
e
d
u
ce
th
e
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
o
f
co
s
t
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
f
a
u
lt
to
ler
an
t
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
is
ir
r
ep
lace
ab
le
y
et
a
m
az
in
g
l
y
u
n
p
r
ed
ictab
le.
Var
io
u
s
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
m
et
h
o
d
s
,
w
h
en
u
s
ed
co
n
cu
r
r
en
tl
y
,
m
a
y
cr
ea
te
co
n
fl
ict
an
d
o
f
f
s
et
ti
n
g
ch
o
s
en
g
o
als t
h
at
g
r
a
n
ts
m
a
n
y
d
es
ig
n
tr
ad
e
-
o
f
f
s
.
L
ik
e,
c
h
an
n
el
b
u
f
f
er
,
ch
an
g
e
th
e
p
o
w
er
-
e
x
h
a
u
s
ti
n
g
r
o
u
ter
o
f
b
u
f
f
er
s
w
it
h
t
h
eir
li
n
k
s
to
r
ag
e
to
b
e
s
a
v
ed
th
e
p
o
w
er
,
h
o
w
e
v
er
th
i
s
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
ca
n
tr
ig
g
er
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
lo
s
s
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
r
estricte
d
lin
k
s
to
r
ag
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
.
Po
w
er
-
g
ati
n
g
m
e
th
o
d
s
ar
e
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
ed
to
tak
e
o
v
er
ad
v
an
ta
g
e
o
f
s
l
u
g
g
is
h
r
o
u
ter
ti
m
e
s
f
o
r
co
n
s
er
v
i
n
g
p
o
w
er
;
h
o
w
ev
er
,
t
h
e
y
f
ac
e
to
o
ex
p
en
s
iv
e
a
w
ak
e
n
u
p
t
h
e
late
n
c
y
.
T
h
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
an
d
d
y
n
a
m
ic
v
o
ltag
e
to
p
p
in
g
o
b
j
ec
t
to
c
o
m
p
ar
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
o
u
tp
u
t
an
d
p
o
w
er
s
a
v
i
n
g
s
,
th
en
it
ca
n
af
f
ec
ted
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
tr
an
s
ito
r
y
f
la
w
s
.
B
ec
au
s
e
o
f
ex
p
lo
s
io
n
an
d
co
m
p
licatio
n
in
t
h
e
d
esig
n
s
p
ac
e,
w
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
to
em
p
lo
y
m
ac
h
i
n
e
lear
n
in
g
s
k
ill
s
to
en
h
an
ce
t
h
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
r
elatio
n
s
o
f
d
is
s
i
m
il
ar
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
ies
an
d
au
to
m
a
ticall
y
s
t
u
d
y
a
b
est
co
n
tr
o
lled
p
o
licy
to
r
ep
o
r
t
th
e
d
ar
es
o
f
in
s
ta
n
ta
n
eo
u
s
l
y
th
e
p
o
w
er
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
u
t
ili
za
tio
n
,
en
h
a
n
ci
n
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
a
n
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
c
o
n
s
is
ten
c
y
[
6
]
.
E
d
itin
g
o
f
C
P
U
-
GP
U
ar
ch
itect
u
r
al
d
esi
g
n
s
t
h
a
t
u
s
e
s
t
h
e
b
ein
g
n
ess
f
ea
t
u
r
es o
f
b
o
th
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
s
ar
e
v
u
lg
ar
to
d
a
y
.
Usi
n
g
a
f
o
r
esaid
ch
a
n
g
e
f
o
r
t
h
ese
d
i
v
er
s
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
s
ca
n
ex
er
tio
n
in
p
r
o
ce
s
s
r
ed
u
ctio
n
an
d
d
r
iv
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
a
m
o
n
g
th
e
C
P
U
a
n
d
GP
U
en
h
an
ce
s
t
h
e
s
h
ar
ed
cr
ea
tiv
it
y
w
o
r
d
.
P
ar
tic
u
lar
l
y
,
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
en
u
m
er
ate
o
f
co
n
ten
t
r
az
e
p
ar
allelis
m
n
atu
r
e
o
f
GP
U
th
at
co
v
er
r
ep
ea
ted
cr
u
cial
in
j
ec
tio
n
s
[
7
]
.
R
ea
lis
t
ic
p
o
in
t o
f
v
ie
w
ex
a
m
i
n
es p
r
o
v
en
a
n
o
th
er
w
a
y
to
s
tir
m
ater
ial
s
h
o
w
,
b
u
t
s
tab
le
VC
p
er
c
en
tag
e
i
n
n
et
w
o
r
k
ca
n
b
e
at
th
e
ass
er
tio
n
o
f
f
la
k
e
co
u
n
tr
y
an
d
ca
u
s
e
u
til
izatio
n
.
C
o
b
ased
o
n
th
e
q
u
alities
o
f
th
e
tar
g
eted
co
ati
n
g
.
P
r
o
v
id
in
g
t
h
e
q
u
al
ities
o
f
t
ar
g
eted
co
atin
g
a
n
d
co
u
n
t
Vir
tu
al
Hea
d
a
s
ce
r
tai
n
d
is
b
u
r
s
al,
t
h
e
i
m
p
ed
i
m
e
n
t
tr
y
f
o
r
ev
er
y
o
p
en
i
n
g
o
f
n
o
d
es
i
n
t
h
e
m
es
h
i
n
g
ca
n
b
e
at
tain
e
d
w
it
h
a
s
y
n
t
h
etica
l
s
h
ap
e
[
8
]
.
T
h
e
p
ast
m
icr
o
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
s
en
j
o
in
s
u
p
p
l
y
o
f
g
r
ea
ter
co
m
m
an
d
s
to
r
y
s
i
m
i
lar
it
y
d
u
e
to
g
r
ea
ter
ar
ch
itect
u
r
al
p
atter
n
co
m
p
lica
tio
n
as
th
e
y
s
o
m
eb
o
d
y
cu
lt
u
r
ed
m
icr
o
-
ar
c
h
itect
u
r
al
p
o
ten
ti
als
li
k
e
in
d
i
v
id
u
a
l
m
an
u
al
j
o
b
,
o
u
t
-
of
-
o
r
d
er
,
r
en
ascen
t
d
i
v
er
g
e
f
o
r
etellin
g
an
d
c
u
r
io
u
s
i
m
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
a
n
d
en
er
g
izin
g
s
c
h
ed
u
l
in
g
.
Desp
ite
a
s
o
lo
n
lar
g
e
s
u
p
er
s
c
alar
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
,
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
s
m
a
ller
C
P
U
co
r
es
b
u
s
y
i
n
th
e
wh
ee
l
w
as
a
s
tr
ik
i
n
g
s
elec
tio
n
f
o
r
d
esig
n
er
s
.
T
h
en
c
e,
u
m
p
teen
s
et
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
s
ca
m
e
in
to
th
e
p
h
o
to
.
Fin
all
y
,
So
C
d
esig
n
er
s
m
a
n
eu
v
er
s
tirr
ed
f
r
o
m
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
f
o
cu
s
e
d
to
a
m
a
n
y
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
-
c
en
ter
ed
ar
r
an
g
e
m
e
n
t
d
u
e
to
th
i
s
m
u
lt
i
-
co
r
e
lead
er
.
Ass
i
m
ilat
iv
e
j
illi
o
n
s
o
f
tr
an
s
i
s
t
o
r
s
in
o
n
e
d
ie
is
ac
cr
etiv
e
q
u
an
t
it
y
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
ele
m
e
n
t
s
.
Net
w
o
r
k
o
n
C
h
ip
is
th
e
ex
cl
u
s
iv
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
d
is
j
u
n
cti
v
e
t
h
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
,
to
u
ch
i
n
g
t
h
ese
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
i
n
K
n
ap
M
u
lti
-
P
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
s
an
d
d
iv
er
s
e
MP
So
C
s
[
9
]
.
I
P
co
r
es
o
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
ar
e
ex
tr
e
m
el
y
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
p
ar
allel
to
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
o
r
d
er
.
I
n
co
r
p
o
r
atio
n
o
f
s
u
c
h
co
r
es
o
n
o
n
e
s
e
m
ico
n
d
u
c
to
r
m
eta
m
o
r
p
h
o
s
e
a
b
ig
g
ai
n
s
a
y
an
d
No
C
(
Net
w
o
r
k
o
n
C
h
ip
)
is
th
e
r
atio
n
al
r
eso
lu
tio
n
d
u
e
to
its
g
r
ea
ter
ag
g
r
eg
atio
n
tr
an
s
m
itti
n
g
,
less
er
r
eg
io
n
an
d
less
co
m
m
o
n
w
ea
lt
h
in
g
est
io
n
.
R
o
u
ter
s
m
a
k
e
an
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
a
s
s
et
o
f
No
C
.
I
t
is
ess
e
n
tial
to
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
s
u
ch
a
r
o
u
ter
h
av
in
g
r
eg
io
n
a
n
d
ca
u
s
e
tel
lin
g
f
ea
t
u
r
es
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
w
ar
m
u
p
r
elea
s
e
is
a
b
ig
h
ar
d
d
u
t
y
i
n
3
Di
m
e
n
s
io
n
a
l
No
C
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
,
b
ec
au
s
e
it
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
s
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
clo
th
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
m
o
d
u
le
r
ea
s
o
n
m
o
r
tal
t
r
an
s
m
itti
n
g
d
ela
y
,
less
er
tr
ac
k
ch
a
n
g
e
an
d
au
t
h
o
r
leak
ag
e
o
f
n
o
esis
.
C
alo
r
ic
d
ev
iatio
n
s
ca
n
also
j
u
s
tif
icat
io
n
ti
m
in
g
u
n
ce
r
tain
n
e
s
s
,
an
d
cir
cu
it
b
o
d
y
r
elies
ex
p
o
n
en
tiall
y
o
n
f
i
g
h
tin
g
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
[
1
1
]
.
R
o
u
ter
b
u
f
f
er
s
n
o
esis
g
ati
n
g
is
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
ca
u
s
e
u
tili
zi
n
g
s
er
v
in
g
o
f
N
et
w
o
r
k
-
on
-
C
h
ip
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
r
esh
l
y
to
w
ea
k
e
n
t
h
e
elec
tr
icit
y
co
u
n
tr
y
u
tili
za
ti
o
n
.
T
h
o
u
g
h
,
p
o
w
er
-
g
a
tin
g
h
a
s
m
an
y
f
a
u
lts
s
a
m
e
p
au
s
e
an
d
n
o
esis
f
o
il
w
h
ich
ca
n
r
estra
in
th
e
g
r
o
s
s
r
es
u
lti
n
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
i
f
n
o
t
m
is
u
s
ed
in
s
y
n
c
w
it
h
th
e
tr
af
f
ic
n
o
w
.
A
f
o
r
ce
d
ir
ec
tio
n
m
et
h
o
d
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
en
h
a
n
ce
th
e
p
o
w
er
-
g
at
in
g
o
f
r
o
u
ter
s
i
g
n
al
b
u
f
f
er
s
b
y
co
n
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m
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it
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p
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m
e
's
f
u
n
ctio
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alit
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an
d
r
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b
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y
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
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p
r
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g
r
ess
in
N
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m
p
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lo
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ter
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an
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b
an
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w
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T
h
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h
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No
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h
as
v
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l
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m
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s
k
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is
lea
k
ag
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f
t
h
e
r
eso
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r
ce
s
;
m
o
s
tl
y
,
No
C
r
o
u
ter
s
[
1
3
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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2.
RO
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4
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eliv
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ab
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o
u
ter
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es
w
ith
v
ar
ied
to
p
[
1
1
]
.
J
o
h
an
n
a
Sep
ú
l
v
ed
a
e
t.a
l
,
ad
v
is
e
SER
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o
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ter
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ct
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y
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o
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h
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u
n
tr
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b
led
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o
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ted
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ter
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ab
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v
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g
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s
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t
h
e
ti
m
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s
.
T
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y
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a
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ical
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y
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s
s
ig
n
in
g
t
h
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s
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g
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al
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f
th
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(
VC
s
)
ea
ch
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p
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t
le
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atte
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co
m
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ex
tr
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f
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T
h
e
SE
R
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m
p
ar
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t
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ea
r
lier
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g
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at
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e
SE
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,
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u
ar
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th
e
in
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ti
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an
d
Do
S
attac
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s
,
s
u
cc
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d
s
th
e
u
n
e
x
cited
ex
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u
tio
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o
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t
co
m
e
s
.
T
h
e
ex
ce
ed
d
ir
ec
tio
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o
f
t
h
e
SER
r
eso
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r
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s
an
d
t
h
e
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f
a
s
t
m
et
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d
s
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ea
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to
s
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cc
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t
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tco
m
e
s
.
F
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r
th
er
m
o
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e,
t
h
e
SER
p
r
esen
ted
to
a
lo
w
e
s
t
f
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l.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le
p
r
o
x
i
m
o
ac
q
u
i
s
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n
h
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v
e
to
leav
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b
o
o
s
t
p
r
o
g
r
ess
SE
R
in
en
j
o
in
[
1
2
]
.
R
o
s
h
n
a
Glad
iato
r
et.
a
l
,
p
lan
n
e
d
r
o
u
ter
d
esig
n
f
o
r
th
e
r
ep
lace
s
o
f
FIFO
b
u
f
f
er
s
w
it
h
e
x
p
an
s
ib
le
b
u
f
f
er
s
in
tells
to
th
e
tr
a
m
m
e
l
ex
ten
t,
th
en
n
atio
n
u
p
ta
k
e
an
d
to
th
e
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
m
elio
r
ates
s
h
o
w
.
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an
d
b
u
f
f
er
s
as
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
r
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u
ter
d
esig
n
i
n
its
p
lace
o
f
in
p
u
t
an
d
y
ield
b
u
f
f
er
s
.
No
r
m
all
y
f
r
o
n
t
th
e
ar
c
h
et
y
p
al
o
u
t
(
FIFO)
b
u
f
f
er
s
ar
e
u
tili
ze
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in
t
h
e
r
o
u
ter
s
.
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x
i
m
u
m
r
o
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ter
ex
p
an
s
e
o
r
lan
d
is
u
s
ed
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o
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th
e
b
u
f
f
er
s
.
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u
n
c
y
p
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o
t is a
tu
b
in
g
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g
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f
lo
p
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t
w
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h
ar
d
w
ar
e
lo
ca
tio
n
.
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t
also
h
as
w
ee
d
en
g
ag
e
f
lo
p
s
.
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u
b
b
er
y
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co
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l
d
b
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ap
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lied
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er
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ad
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o
m
to
th
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p
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ce
s
s
ef
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tiv
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e
s
s
.
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t’
s
p
r
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m
p
t
in
t
h
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ar
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as
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v
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ch
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m
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h
.
Fil
m
p
liab
le
f
r
a
m
e
p
er
m
its
c
h
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n
el
s
to
th
e
ac
tio
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as
d
iv
id
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FIFO.
A
g
g
r
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g
atio
n
g
ea
r
co
m
p
lete
liv
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y
s
o
f
te
n
r
est
o
n
t
h
e
s
ee
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d
cr
ea
te
s
ig
n
.
T
h
e
d
e
s
ig
n
,
ch
a
n
n
el
s
ar
e
v
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m
ized
f
o
r
th
e
allo
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in
g
b
u
f
f
er
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n
g
.
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h
e
ac
co
u
n
tab
le
to
w
ar
d
an
n
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h
ila
te
t
h
e
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elate
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tr
y
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d
d
o
e
co
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ts
.
T
ex
tile
u
s
ed
r
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b
b
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lik
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s
o
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n
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s
th
e
b
u
s
i
n
e
s
s
lik
e
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d
h
as
f
i
n
er
b
u
f
f
er
co
u
ld
b
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
.
C
er
tain
r
o
u
ter
d
esig
n
w
i
th
ad
ap
tab
le
co
w
ca
tch
er
tak
e
s
in
f
er
io
r
zo
n
e
an
d
f
o
r
ce
in
tak
e
an
d
tak
es o
u
tp
er
f
o
r
m
ac
tio
n
[
1
3
]
.
2
.
2
.
L
o
w
-
po
w
er
t
ec
hn
iqu
es f
o
r
bu
f
f
er
s
T
h
e
b
u
f
f
er
is
an
o
th
er
w
a
y
o
f
u
s
ed
is
s
to
r
ag
e
f
o
r
m
to
d
ea
l
w
it
h
as
ar
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o
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e
p
ac
k
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as
w
a
it
f
o
r
r
e
q
u
ir
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r
eso
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s
u
n
til
its
r
eq
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est.
W
h
en
u
s
e
o
f
b
u
f
f
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s
as
s
to
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ag
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in
t
h
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r
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ter
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lo
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th
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g
h
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t
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th
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liv
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lo
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.
T
h
e
tw
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p
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w
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ar
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th
e
m
ai
n
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o
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o
r
f
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f
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-
3
6
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s
tead
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f
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1%
[
1
4
]
.
Far
ah
W
ah
id
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ti
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et.
a
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d
th
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to
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cr
ea
te
B
o
o
k
s
i
m
2
.
0
s
i
m
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.
T
h
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-
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ized
r
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c
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m
p
ar
e
t
h
e
n
o
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h
er
to
p
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lo
g
y
[
1
5
]
B
o
r
is
lav
Ni
k
o
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´
c
et.
a
l
,
T
h
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y
p
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tech
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iq
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e
ls
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y
w
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r
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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p
r
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SP
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2
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I
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t
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co
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t if
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ec
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p
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d
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ce
th
e
b
etter
r
esu
lts
[
1
6
]
P
en
g
W
an
g
et.
a
l
,
th
e
y
w
o
r
k
o
n
ex
p
r
ess
v
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t
u
al
ch
a
n
n
el
f
o
r
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
i
n
g
.
I
n
th
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
tech
n
iq
u
e
th
e
p
ac
k
e
ts
ar
e
p
r
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d
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in
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t
h
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ter
m
ed
iate
r
o
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ter
s
ca
n
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an
d
p
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f
f
w
it
h
v
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a
l
b
y
p
ass
p
at
h
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ter
s
.
I
f
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ter
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f
th
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s
co
n
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o
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y
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o
p
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ed
m
e
th
o
d
o
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y
to
s
o
lv
e
t
h
i
s
p
r
o
b
le
m
in
s
in
ce
o
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if
t
h
e
p
ac
k
ets
d
o
n
o
t
tak
e
a
v
ir
tu
al
b
y
p
ass
p
ath
tr
ies
to
co
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f
ir
m
th
at
t
h
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p
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k
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s
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o
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t
h
e
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-
o
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s
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A
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e
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e
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n
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ea
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n
c
y
o
f
p
ac
k
ets
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f
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c
y
th
e
ca
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s
e
b
y
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w
er
co
n
s
u
m
in
g
.
T
h
e
y
allo
w
t
h
e
p
ac
k
et
s
b
y
v
ir
tu
a
l
b
y
p
a
s
s
t
h
en
p
o
w
er
o
n
r
o
u
ter
s
to
b
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
an
d
th
i
s
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
w
o
r
k
o
n
lo
w
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
i
n
g
w
it
h
h
ig
h
er
tr
a
f
f
ic
lo
ad
s
also
t
h
is
tech
n
iq
u
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
av
er
ag
e
in
6
8
.
2
9
%
o
f
th
e
to
tal
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
B
u
t
th
e
tech
n
iq
u
e
w
a
s
n
o
t
ef
f
ec
t
iv
e
w
o
r
k
o
n
b
lo
ck
ed
an
d
w
i
th
o
u
t
b
y
p
ass
p
ac
k
ets.
T
h
e
p
la
y
t
h
i
n
g
o
f
r
o
u
ter
h
as k
n
o
w
led
g
e
to
d
o
o
m
ed
tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
s
u
p
er
ch
ar
g
ed
o
f
f
t
h
e
r
o
u
ter
s
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
th
e
p
ac
k
ets
e
x
p
lo
it
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
m
ed
ia
n
p
ath
s
.
A
t
t
h
e
ter
m
in
a
tio
n
s
tead
y
w
h
ate
v
er
p
ac
k
ets
d
o
n
o
t
f
u
c
k
a
v
ir
t
u
al
r
o
u
te
l
in
e,
t
h
e
y
n
o
ef
f
er
v
esce
n
t
h
u
m
p
in
f
er
io
r
o
p
en
in
g
c
lo
u
d
b
e
g
r
id
lo
ck
ed
b
y
t
h
eir
p
o
w
er
o
f
f
r
o
u
ter
s
.
T
h
e
y
m
e
th
o
d
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
s
o
lo
n
ef
f
icie
n
tl
y
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
t
h
e
i
n
ter
v
al
o
f
b
o
at
is
s
tr
u
ck
b
y
th
e
p
o
w
er
g
ati
n
g
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
h
ar
e
o
f
p
ac
k
ets
w
h
e
n
to
th
e
b
y
p
a
s
s
i
n
ta
k
e.
T
h
ey
m
et
h
o
d
ca
n
b
e
lar
g
est ac
h
ie
v
e
m
en
t is b
er
th
s
u
p
er
p
o
w
er
in
ta
k
e
u
n
d
er
w
it
h
to
w
er
in
g
tr
af
f
ic
w
o
r
k
lo
ad
s
[
4
]
.
Do
n
g
X
ian
g
et.
a
l
,
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
w
o
r
k
lo
w
p
o
w
er
f
u
ll
y
ad
ap
ti
v
e
r
o
u
ti
n
g
alg
o
r
it
h
m
f
o
r
th
e
v
ir
tu
a
l
cu
t
co
n
clu
d
ed
w
o
r
m
h
o
le
s
w
itc
h
e
d
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
o
n
c
h
ip
.
T
h
e
s
a
m
e
p
h
y
s
ical
c
h
a
n
n
el
m
u
s
t
b
e
m
u
ltip
le
p
ac
k
e
ts
ar
e
d
eliv
er
ed
an
d
also
w
ith
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
b
y
p
as
s
c
h
an
n
el.
W
h
en
th
e
b
y
p
a
s
s
i
n
g
o
f
lo
w
p
o
w
er
h
o
p
m
u
s
t
ex
c
lu
d
e
f
o
r
b
o
th
x
an
d
y
b
y
p
a
s
s
i
n
g
ch
a
n
n
e
ls
s
tep
s
f
o
r
an
y
le
n
g
t
h
an
d
also
b
e
o
r
i
g
in
al
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
h
ar
ed
w
ith
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
v
ir
t
u
al
ch
an
n
el
s
.
T
h
is
m
et
h
o
d
is
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
v
er
y
clo
s
e
p
ea
k
an
d
t
h
e
av
er
ag
e
p
o
w
er
co
m
p
ar
i
n
g
to
th
e
E
VC
th
o
u
g
h
it
g
ain
s
b
etter
k
n
o
w
n
tr
a
f
f
ic
[
3
]
.
Z
h
an
e
t
a
l
.
to
b
eg
i
n
a
Di
m
No
C
b
o
th
STT
-
R
A
M
a
n
d
S
R
A
M
to
b
e
d
i
m
i
n
u
tio
n
t
h
e
j
u
n
k
ed
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
g
ain
in
g
an
d
th
e
ir
d
ea
lin
g
s
.
Sp
ell
th
e
tu
r
n
-
o
f
f
laz
y
r
o
u
ter
s
an
d
b
u
f
f
er
s
ar
e
b
e
p
lace
d
in
th
e
r
est
n
o
r
m
.
T
h
e
C
o
u
n
tr
y
in
ta
k
e
is
r
ea
ch
ed
w
it
h
th
e
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
b
y
as
s
e
m
b
l
e
th
e
v
ir
t
u
al
ch
a
n
n
e
ls
.
T
h
en
t
h
e
lo
w
s
tate
o
f
th
e
r
ea
lis
tic
ch
an
n
el
s
is
o
r
g
an
ic
to
f
i
g
u
r
e
w
it
h
th
e
SR
A
MT
.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
er
p
o
in
t
is
o
r
g
an
ized
to
b
e
p
lan
n
in
g
to
u
s
e
th
e
SST
-
R
A
M.
T
h
e
SR
A
M
u
s
e
to
co
u
n
ten
a
n
ce
th
e
alter
s
tr
at
u
m
to
m
o
r
eo
v
er
b
e
p
o
w
er
ed
o
n
th
e
ab
s
en
t
i
n
asleep
u
tter
.
W
h
en
SS
T
-
R
A
M
ar
e
s
u
p
er
io
r
in
Vir
tu
al
ch
a
n
n
e
ls
ar
e
co
n
t
r
o
l
w
h
en
i
ts
h
ar
s
h
[
4
]
.
J
an
Mo
r
itz
J
o
s
ep
h
et.
a
l
,
a
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
i
m
u
latio
n
o
f
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t w
h
ich
h
as th
e
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
m
et
h
o
d
to
ex
ac
tl
y
e
v
al
u
atio
n
t
h
e
d
ata
o
f
th
e
d
ep
en
d
ed
lin
k
,
an
d
en
er
g
y
in
tak
e
i
n
th
e
(
No
C
s
)
w
it
h
th
e
u
s
i
n
g
o
f
th
e
v
ir
t
u
al
ch
an
n
el
s
.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
w
o
r
k
s
o
n
th
e
h
i
g
h
est
le
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[
1
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.
Kali
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x
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p
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ch
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k
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ar
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ated
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t
h
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,
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n
d
ex
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ter
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h
e
o
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tco
m
e
o
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th
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p
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y
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o
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er
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y
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as
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th
at
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p
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ter
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as
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ce
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d
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te
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g
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n
,
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
A
r
m
o
r
[
1
7
]
.
2
.
4
.
P
ipelin
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s
t
a
g
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re
du
ct
io
n
Xian
m
i
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C
h
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t.a
l
,
p
r
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p
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ed
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SS
R
m
e
s
h
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h
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ater
ial
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o
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o
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ate
t
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e
a
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th
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s
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c
h
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g
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s
w
it
h
elo
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ate
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s
m
is
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w
ir
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s
w
it
h
th
e
s
m
aller
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ir
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n
d
th
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r
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ter
s
.
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t
w
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ig
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t
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s
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l
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iz
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2
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w
eb
[
7
]
.
P
en
g
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an
g
et.
a
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in
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C
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Mu
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163
r
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ter
w
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t
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ati
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n
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e
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elate
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s
[
1
8
].
Ho
s
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Far
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h
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a
l
p
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u
til
izatio
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m
e
s
h
w
o
r
k
[
1
9
].
S.
Sh
e
n
b
ag
a
v
alli
et.
a
l
p
r
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p
o
s
ed
a
b
ein
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ased
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ter
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f
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s
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h
is
f
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m
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w
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m
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s
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h
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p
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ter
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h
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p
h
ases
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e
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cr
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te
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B
W
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,
th
e
v
ir
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al
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m
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r
in
t
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h
ar
e
(
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)
,
s
w
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h
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n
g
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o
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tio
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,
r
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te
p
r
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r
e
(
R
C
)
an
d
th
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e
cr
o
s
s
in
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p
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r
.
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en
t
h
e
r
ac
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r
s
e
ch
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p
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f
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le
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el
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to
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to
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ar
ts
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e
co
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h
th
e
r
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g
h
t
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e
p
er
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d
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h
e
o
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tco
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n
d
u
ct
th
a
t
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k
n
o
w
led
g
e
ca
n
b
e
r
eg
en
er
at
e
[
1
0
]
.
3.
P
E
RF
O
RM
ANCE B
ASE
D
O
N
P
O
WE
R
F
ACTOR
An
o
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a
n
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tio
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C
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h
as
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telec
o
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
an
d
f
u
r
t
h
er
d
o
m
ai
n
s
o
f
elec
tr
o
n
ic
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
b
y
d
i
s
cu
s
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
-
on
-
c
h
ip
.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
g
r
o
w
t
h
i
n
t
h
e
f
ield
o
f
elec
tr
o
n
ic
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
elas
ticitie
s
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
co
m
p
lex
d
esi
g
n
s
w
h
ic
h
i
n
f
e
w
er
m
o
u
n
tab
le
a
n
d
co
u
ld
n
o
t b
e
im
p
r
o
v
ed
f
o
r
m
u
ltip
le
r
eso
lu
tio
n
s
.
So
th
at
it n
ee
d
s
m
o
r
e
s
tr
ateg
ic
r
eso
lu
tio
n
s
f
o
r
h
an
d
-
h
eld
d
ev
ices a
n
d
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
ad
d
itio
n
al
co
n
n
ec
ti
n
g
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
r
eso
l
u
tio
n
.
T
h
e
So
C
d
esi
g
n
h
as
to
co
n
s
id
er
th
e
p
o
w
er
f
ac
to
r
,
co
s
t,
an
d
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
to
v
ar
y
i
n
g
tr
af
f
ic
p
atter
n
s
[
20
].
S
w
ap
p
in
g
g
lo
b
al
ca
b
les
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
n
-
ch
ip
-
n
et
w
o
r
k
(
O
C
N)
,
a
co
n
tr
o
l
an
al
y
s
i
s
,
co
n
f
er
s
th
e
i
m
p
licatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
f
ac
to
r
i
n
o
n
-
c
h
ip
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
w
h
ile
s
w
ap
p
in
g
c
h
ip
ca
b
les.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
i
s
ap
p
lied
an
d
v
er
i
f
ied
f
o
r
its
ef
f
icien
c
y
w
it
h
d
if
f
er
en
t
r
ep
ea
ter
s
p
ac
in
g
an
d
b
y
v
ar
iab
le
th
e
lin
k
p
ip
elin
e
w
i
th
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
v
o
l
tag
e.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
tr
ateg
y
i
s
o
p
ti
m
ized
b
y
s
e
n
d
in
g
a
b
it
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
n
et
wo
r
k
at
all
th
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
ev
alu
ated
v
ar
io
u
s
p
ar
am
eter
s
.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
i
s
g
a
u
g
ed
w
ith
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t size
s
o
f
c
h
i
p
s
w
it
h
a
2
-
D
Me
s
h
n
et
w
o
r
k
[
21
].
Mu
lti
-
co
r
e
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
d
esig
n
m
ec
h
a
n
i
s
m
s
,
co
s
t
a
n
d
s
cr
o
llin
g
,
s
tu
d
y
p
o
w
er
,
ar
ea
,
d
esig
n
a
n
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
asp
ec
ts
f
o
r
th
e
ch
ip
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
o
n
a
s
in
g
l
e
ch
ip
m
u
lti
-
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
,
an
d
a
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
p
o
in
t
T
r
y
in
g
to
u
p
d
ate
th
e
lo
o
k
.
A
cla
s
s
o
f
co
n
tr
o
v
er
s
ial
ar
ch
itectu
r
e.
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
es
ts
t
h
at
t
h
er
e
is
co
n
s
id
er
ab
le
ev
o
lu
tio
n
o
n
r
est
o
f
ch
ip
,
u
s
in
g
an
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t
p
o
r
ti
o
n
o
f
th
e
r
ea
l
d
o
m
ai
n
an
d
elec
tr
icit
y
b
u
d
g
ets
i
n
th
e
ch
o
ice
o
f
in
ter
f
ac
in
g
d
esi
g
n
.
T
h
is
r
ese
ar
ch
s
h
o
w
s
th
a
t
p
r
o
j
ec
ts
p
r
e
s
en
t
t
h
e
i
n
ter
co
n
n
ec
ted
n
es
s
as
an
e
n
tit
y
th
a
t
is
ar
ch
itect
u
r
all
y
a
n
d
in
d
ep
en
d
e
n
tl
y
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
an
d
d
o
es
n
o
t
r
ea
ch
th
e
s
u
p
er
lati
v
e
m
u
lti
co
r
e
s
tr
ateg
y
.
Sev
er
al
ex
a
m
p
le
s
ar
e
o
f
f
er
ed
th
at
illu
s
tr
ate
n
ee
d
th
e
f
o
r
w
a
tch
f
u
l
co
-
d
esig
n
.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
g
r
o
w
i
n
g
co
n
n
ec
ti
v
it
y
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
n
ee
d
s
a
zo
n
e
t
h
at
th
en
li
m
it
s
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
s
o
f
h
u
b
o
r
ca
ch
es
a
n
d
d
o
es
n
o
t
b
e
ess
e
n
tiall
y
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
L
ik
e
w
is
e,
w
h
e
n
co
m
b
i
n
ed
lev
el
t
w
o
ca
tc
h
es
r
e
s
u
lt
i
n
a
cr
o
s
s
-
en
d
ca
lc
u
latio
n
o
f
th
e
cr
o
s
s
b
ar
,
th
e
y
b
ec
o
m
e
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
tl
y
le
s
s
attr
a
ctiv
e.
A
r
ated
b
u
s
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
i
s
t
ested
,
w
h
ic
h
el
i
m
in
ate
s
s
o
m
e
o
f
as
s
u
m
ed
b
aseli
n
e
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
p
r
ices [
2
2
].
E
lectr
ical
d
esig
n
o
f
t
h
e
r
o
to
r
m
icr
o
ar
ch
itectu
r
es
(
MC)
i
n
o
n
-
c
h
ip
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
ex
a
m
i
n
es
o
n
-
c
h
i
p
n
et
w
o
r
k
m
icr
o
-
ar
c
h
itect
u
r
es
f
r
o
m
a
n
elec
tr
ical
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
.
T
h
e
p
o
w
er
-
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
e
x
is
ti
n
g
n
et
w
o
r
k
m
icr
o
-
ar
ch
itects
h
a
s
alr
ea
d
y
b
ee
n
an
a
l
y
s
ed
,
h
i
g
h
l
ig
h
ti
n
g
th
e
id
ea
s
th
at
p
r
o
m
o
te
th
e
cr
ea
tio
n
o
f
m
u
lt
ip
le
en
er
g
y
-
s
a
v
i
n
g
n
et
w
o
r
k
m
icr
o
-
ar
ch
itects
: seg
m
en
ted
cr
o
s
s
b
ea
m
s
,
f
ast cr
o
s
s
b
ea
m
s
.
An
d
r
ig
h
t b
u
f
f
er
[
2
3
].
L
o
w
li
n
e
v
ir
t
u
al
ten
a
n
c
y
VC
R
f
o
r
o
n
ch
ip
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
Mu
llei
n
s
o
f
f
er
a
s
h
o
r
t
laten
c
y
o
n
th
e
OC
N
.
Desig
n
r
o
u
ter
f
o
r
a
s
u
c
h
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
R
e
m
o
v
i
n
g
co
n
tr
o
ller
lev
els
f
r
o
m
th
e
m
ai
n
p
ath
r
ed
u
ce
s
c
y
cle
ti
m
e
an
d
d
elay
.
I
m
p
r
ess
io
n
s
ar
e
g
ai
n
ed
in
a
f
l
u
id
,
g
lo
b
al,
d
if
f
u
s
ed
wa
y
,
w
it
h
o
u
t
co
m
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
t
h
e
r
o
u
ter
[
2
4
].
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
th
i
s
r
ed
u
ctio
n
a
l
lo
w
s
to
g
u
id
e
th
e
f
lo
w
i
n
a
s
i
n
g
le
r
o
u
n
d
,
m
a
x
i
m
izi
n
g
t
h
e
ca
p
ac
it
y
o
f
li
m
ited
r
o
u
ter
b
u
f
f
er
in
g
p
r
o
p
er
ties
.
R
e
g
u
lar
en
er
g
y
m
ap
p
in
g
f
o
r
th
e
No
C
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e.
I
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
a
n
au
to
m
ated
m
ap
p
in
g
alg
o
r
it
h
m
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
i
n
tellec
tu
al
p
r
o
p
er
t
y
o
f
an
N
C
s
y
s
te
m
.
I
t
al
s
o
w
o
r
k
s
w
i
th
a
n
u
lti
m
ate
r
o
u
tin
g
f
u
n
ct
io
n
w
it
h
n
o
in
t
er
r
u
p
tio
n
co
n
d
itio
n
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
p
o
w
er
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
a
n
d
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
g
u
ar
an
teed
s
er
v
ice.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
es
g
u
ar
an
teed
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
d
tr
af
f
ic
w
it
h
t
h
e
b
es
t
ef
f
o
r
t.
T
h
e
b
ig
g
est
ad
v
a
n
ta
g
e
o
f
t
h
i
s
p
r
o
j
ec
t
is
th
a
t
it
o
f
f
er
s
f
lex
ib
le
r
o
u
tin
g
i
n
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
tr
af
f
ic
s
itu
a
tio
n
s
,
w
i
th
lo
w
e
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
t
io
n
[
2
5
].
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2722
-
3221
C
o
m
p
u
t.
Sci.
I
n
f
.
T
ec
h
n
o
l.
,
Vo
l.
2
,
No
.
3
,
No
v
em
b
er
20
2
1
:
158
–
1
6
8
164
A
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
-
b
ased
a
n
d
en
er
g
y
-
b
ased
to
p
o
lo
g
y
s
tu
d
y
b
y
a
u
th
o
r
Ha
n
g
S
h
ag
et
a
l
,
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
a
c
h
ip
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
n
et
w
o
r
k
f
o
r
o
n
-
c
h
ip
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
,
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
izin
g
d
ed
icate
d
b
u
s
es a
n
d
w
ir
es.
C
h
ip
s
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
ted
as
co
n
te
n
t.
Si
n
ce
s
w
itc
h
in
g
o
n
-
ch
ip
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
t
b
u
s
e
s
an
d
d
ed
icate
d
w
ir
es
to
b
ec
o
m
e
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
ted
f
ab
r
ics,
r
ed
u
ci
n
g
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
i
s
a
m
aj
o
r
th
e
d
esi
g
n
c
h
alle
n
g
e
an
d
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
to
p
o
lo
g
y
ar
e
s
ev
er
el
y
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
n
et
w
o
r
k
p
o
w
er
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
co
n
s
u
m
p
t
io
n
.
Scalin
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
is
ad
d
itio
n
al
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
asp
ec
t
th
at
af
f
ec
ts
th
e
s
tr
e
n
g
th
o
f
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
,
as
ea
ch
n
e
w
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
ch
a
n
g
e
s
th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
th
e
s
e
m
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
[
2
6
].
Desig
n
i
n
g
en
er
g
y
ef
f
ic
ie
n
t c
h
an
n
el
s
is
g
u
ar
an
teed
to
b
y
p
ass
th
e
ch
ip
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
w
ith
r
o
u
ter
s
,
r
ed
u
cin
g
p
o
w
er
th
e
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
o
v
er
all
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
b
y
ad
o
p
tin
g
t
w
o
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es,
s
u
ch
as
ad
ap
tiv
e
-
c
h
an
n
el
b
u
f
f
er
s
.
T
h
e
f
o
cu
s
is
o
n
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
,
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
tr
af
f
ic
co
m
p
lain
t
an
d
th
e
r
o
u
ter
d
r
iv
er
.
T
h
e
s
iz
e
o
f
th
e
b
u
f
f
er
h
as
a
h
u
g
e
i
n
f
l
u
en
ce
o
n
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
s
o
,
as
it
s
i
n
k
s
,
t
h
e
s
ize
o
f
th
e
b
u
f
f
er
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
t
o
tal
p
o
w
er
.
S
m
aller
o
r
s
m
aller
b
u
f
f
er
s
ca
n
a
f
f
ec
t
th
e
o
v
er
all
n
et
w
o
r
k
i
m
p
ac
t
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
o
u
tp
u
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
to
th
is
p
r
o
b
lem
i
s
w
ith
d
u
a
l
m
o
d
u
le
a
d
ap
tatio
n
o
f
s
tatio
n
b
ar
r
ier
s
to
s
to
r
e
p
ac
k
ag
es
w
h
en
ev
er
n
ee
d
ed
.
T
h
e
o
th
er
is
allo
w
ed
to
tak
e
ca
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
f
lig
h
t.
I
t
ca
n
al
s
o
av
o
id
d
r
iv
in
g
w
it
h
th
e
h
elp
o
f
d
eto
u
r
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
[
2
7
].
ONo
C
-
SP
L
:
A
p
p
licatio
n
s
th
e
in
d
iv
id
u
a
l
n
et
w
o
r
k
h
a
s
a
ch
ip
(
No
C
)
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
an
d
clo
ck
tilt
,
p
r
o
to
ty
p
in
g
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
,
lac
k
o
f
in
ter
ac
tio
n
f
o
r
s
i
m
u
lta
n
eo
u
s
m
es
s
ag
e
a
n
d
s
o
lv
es
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
g
r
o
w
i
n
g
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
B
ased
o
n
a
p
ac
k
ag
e
an
d
f
lu
te
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
s
c
h
e
m
e,
No
C
p
r
o
v
id
es
ea
s
y
d
ata
tr
an
s
f
er
w
h
ic
h
p
r
o
v
id
es
h
ig
h
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t a
n
d
ef
f
ic
ien
c
y
[
2
8
].
T
h
is
p
ap
er
p
r
o
v
id
es
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
f
o
r
h
i
g
h
lig
h
ti
n
g
th
e
No
C
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
zo
n
e
an
d
p
o
w
er
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
s
.
A
p
p
r
o
ac
h
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
is
b
u
ilt
o
n
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
an
d
p
ar
am
eter
izat
io
n
o
f
co
m
p
lete
v
ar
iab
les.
T
h
e
ar
ea
an
d
p
o
w
er
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
th
e
XP
S
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
t
u
r
n
ed
o
u
t
to
b
e
v
er
y
ex
ac
t
to
ex
te
n
t
t
h
at
it
i
s
allo
w
ed
b
y
n
o
n
-
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
s
y
n
th
e
s
is
to
o
ls
,
e
v
en
w
h
e
n
th
e
e
n
tire
C
NC
to
p
o
lo
g
y
w
a
s
ac
co
m
p
an
ied
b
y
a
s
t
ea
d
y
tr
a
f
f
ic
f
lo
w
.
I
t
ap
p
lies
.
T
h
eir
ex
p
er
im
en
ts
s
h
o
w
ed
th
a
t
w
h
e
n
a
n
o
d
e
is
tu
r
n
ed
o
f
f
b
y
at
least
0
.
1
3
,
th
e
ap
p
lic
atio
n
o
f
th
e
m
et
h
o
d
o
n
n
et
w
o
r
k
-
le
v
el
d
e
v
ices
p
r
o
v
id
es
ac
ce
p
tab
le
co
n
f
ir
m
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
ac
t
u
al
b
eh
a
v
io
u
r
s
m
o
o
th
a
f
ter
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
t
an
d
r
o
u
tin
g
.
B
u
t a
c
h
iev
e
s
b
ett
er
ac
cu
r
ac
y
.
Use t
h
e
s
a
m
e
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
o
n
t
h
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
i
f
d
esire
d
.
T
h
e
y
also
d
is
c
u
s
s
th
e
co
m
m
er
cial
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
ac
cu
r
ac
y
an
d
m
o
d
e
llin
g
ef
f
o
r
ts
,
th
at
is
,
b
y
n
o
r
m
alizi
n
g
s
y
n
t
h
esi
s
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
s
,
o
r
f
o
r
s
o
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
i
n
ter
p
o
latio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
q
u
alif
icatio
n
s
ca
n
b
e
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
a
s
i
n
g
le
d
ev
ice.
I
f
th
e
y
c
h
o
o
s
e,
t
h
e
q
u
a
d
r
ilater
al
s
w
itc
h
es
in
cr
ea
s
e
a
s
m
all
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
in
f
o
to
tr
ai
n
i
n
g
s
e
t.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
w
h
e
n
r
ev
ie
w
i
n
g
p
o
w
er
in
g
esti
n
g
,
a
q
u
ad
r
ilater
al
s
w
itc
h
ca
n
n
o
t
s
i
m
u
l
tan
eo
u
s
l
y
d
i
s
p
la
y
t
h
e
tr
af
f
ic
f
lo
w
o
n
all
in
p
u
t
a
n
d
o
u
tp
u
t
s
ea
p
o
r
ts
.
An
d
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
i
s
,
s
a
m
e
ap
p
lies
to
ev
er
y
b
o
tto
m
s
q
u
ar
e
ca
r
d
in
al
s
w
itc
h
.
I
n
it
ial
in
n
er
tes
tin
g
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
th
ese
g
o
o
d
s
,
at
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
f
o
r
XP
S
Net
w
o
r
k
o
n
C
h
ip
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
I
ch
o
s
e
th
e
NP
I
an
d
NP
O
ax
es o
n
l
y
f
o
r
cr
ea
tin
g
tr
a
i
n
i
n
g
s
e
ts
an
d
in
c
lu
d
ed
o
n
l
y
e
x
a
m
p
le
s
4
×
4
,
1
0
×
1
0
,
1
6
×
1
6
an
d
2
0
×
2
0
.
T
h
e
ef
f
o
r
t
w
a
s
d
o
n
e
u
s
i
n
g
Xili
n
x
t
o
o
l,
th
en
th
e
y
li
n
k
ed
t
h
e
r
esu
lt
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
lis
t [
2
9
]
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
I
n
th
e
q
u
ick
Nan
o
s
ilico
n
in
s
u
r
g
e
n
c
y
t
i
m
e,
o
r
g
an
ize
o
n
-
c
h
ip
(
No
C
)
en
g
i
n
ee
r
i
n
g
o
f
f
er
s
a
cr
itical
ex
p
lo
r
atio
n
an
s
w
er
f
o
r
ON
m
u
lt
ip
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
b
ased
o
n
g
o
in
g
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
A
s
q
u
a
n
tit
y
o
f
ce
n
tr
es
b
u
i
ld
s
,
elec
tr
icit
y
u
t
ilizatio
n
o
f
ass
e
ts
o
f
n
et
w
o
r
k
o
n
ch
ip
to
o
in
cr
em
en
ts
.
C
o
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
ar
e
s
ig
n
if
ic
an
t
f
o
r
ce
d
is
s
ip
ato
r
in
n
et
w
o
r
k
o
n
ch
ip
en
g
i
n
e
er
in
g
in
f
er
ab
le
f
r
o
m
e
x
ch
a
n
g
i
n
g
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
b
its
co
n
v
e
y
ed
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
m
.
T
h
e
p
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ce
in
ter
f
a
ce
s
in
No
C
is
f
ir
m
l
y
s
u
b
j
ec
t
to
n
asp
ec
t
o
f
in
te
n
s
i
t
y
d
is
s
e
m
in
at
io
n
.
A
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
e
co
d
e
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
ex
p
ec
ted
to
th
e
les
s
en
b
o
th
co
n
n
ec
ter
an
d
s
elf
-
ex
c
h
a
n
g
in
g
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
b
its
o
f
n
et
w
o
r
k
o
n
ch
ip
j
o
in
s
.
I
n
th
is
w
e
ar
e
d
o
in
g
w
o
r
k
,
an
en
h
an
ce
d
les
s
p
o
w
er
en
co
d
in
g
ca
lcu
lat
io
n
f
o
r
s
eq
u
e
n
tial
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
i
s
f
u
t
u
r
e
to
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
ex
ch
a
n
g
i
n
g
p
r
o
g
r
ess
f
o
r
th
e
an
y
ir
r
e
g
u
lar
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
d
es
ig
n
m
a
k
i
n
g
t
h
e
m
p
r
o
g
r
es
s
iv
e
l
y
f
it
to
th
e
co
n
s
tan
t
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
P
r
o
p
o
s
ed
th
e
en
co
d
in
g
ca
lcu
latio
n
is
th
e
co
d
ed
,
m
i
m
ick
ed
an
d
ch
ec
k
ed
it
s
zo
n
e
an
d
f
o
r
ce
ex
ec
u
tio
n
u
ti
lizi
n
g
s
y
n
o
p
s
i
s
ap
p
ar
atu
s
e
s
u
s
i
n
g
UM
C
9
0
n
m
in
n
o
v
atio
n
.
T
est
r
esu
lts
h
av
e
t
h
e
in
d
icate
d
th
at
it
g
iv
es
o
n
n
o
r
m
al
4
8
.
8
4
%
o
f
ex
ch
an
g
i
n
g
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t d
ec
r
ea
s
e
f
o
r
s
li
g
h
tl
y
co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
ap
p
licatio
n
s
[
30
]
.
T
h
ese
d
ay
s
t
h
er
e
ar
e
h
u
g
e
ex
ten
s
io
n
s
in
n
et
w
o
r
k
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
tech
n
iq
u
e
o
f
in
te
n
s
i
t
y
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
s
h
as
ad
d
itio
n
all
y
s
p
r
ea
d
th
eir
r
eg
io
n
b
r
o
ad
ly
.
T
h
e
s
in
g
le
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
o
f
th
e
in
tr
icate
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t
is
u
tili
ze
d
in
tr
ad
iti
o
n
al
tech
n
iq
u
e,
to
th
e
cr
ea
te
c
o
n
tr
o
l
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
f
o
r
th
e
m
icr
o
g
r
id
.
T
o
m
ai
n
tai
n
a
s
tr
ateg
ic
d
is
ta
n
ce
f
r
o
m
t
h
is
is
s
u
e,
w
e
d
ev
elo
p
a
lo
w
p
o
w
e
r
m
icr
o
g
r
id
w
ith
as
s
is
ta
n
ce
o
f
n
et
w
o
r
k
o
f
ch
ip
.
R
ec
o
n
f
ig
u
r
ab
le
Du
al
Fo
llo
w
e
d
Sen
s
e
Am
p
li
f
ier
in
li
g
h
t
o
f
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
o
n
ch
ip
is
ch
o
s
en
f
o
r
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
o
f
th
e
in
te
n
s
it
y
.
HD
FS
i
s
ac
t
u
alize
d
in
R
DT
SA
f
o
r
ad
d
itio
n
al
f
o
r
ce
d
ec
r
ea
s
e.
T
h
e
m
ix
o
f
t
h
is
is
n
a
m
ed
a
s
a
Mi
x
t
u
r
e
o
f
A
l
g
o
r
ith
m
w
it
h
n
et
w
o
r
k
o
n
ch
ip
an
d
MA
N
d
esi
g
n
,
w
h
ich
h
as
b
ee
n
s
u
p
er
io
r
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
AL
P
I
N
d
esig
n
.
Dev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
w
h
o
le
p
la
n
b
r
in
g
s
ab
o
u
t
p
o
s
tp
o
n
e
m
en
t
a
n
d
p
o
w
er
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
co
n
tr
asted
w
it
h
th
e
tr
ad
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s
tr
ateg
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.
T
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p
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tat
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o
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atio
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ate
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asted
w
it
h
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ate
g
y
a
n
d
th
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R
DT
SA
.
T
h
e
b
y
a
n
d
lar
g
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x
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tio
n
o
f
He
u
r
is
tic
As
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
o
u
s
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
o
n
c
h
ip
f
o
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Un
i
v
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s
al
f
o
r
ce
h
ar
d
w
ar
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a
p
p
licatio
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(
HA
N
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is
b
etter
th
an
th
at
o
f
r
eg
u
lar
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
i
es [
30
].
S
y
s
t
e
m
o
n
th
e
c
h
ip
s
is
b
r
o
ad
l
y
co
n
f
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ed
w
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s
e
a
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cc
u
p
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d
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e
to
u
s
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o
f
s
u
p
p
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r
ts
.
Hen
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o
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th
,
p
la
n
o
f
b
u
f
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er
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s
d
esi
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m
p
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is
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w
it
h
s
u
c
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s
o
r
t
o
f
i
m
p
ed
i
m
e
n
ts
.
I
n
a
n
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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ce
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p
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,
in
d
iv
id
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al
l
y
[
31
]
.
I
n
2
0
1
9
,
p
ap
e
r
p
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
Hy
b
r
id
Scalab
leM
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i
m
ized
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B
u
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l
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-
Fa
t
-
T
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ee
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H
-
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FT
)
to
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ap
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o
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on
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ch
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co
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r
esp
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e
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lt
s
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o
w
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h
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.
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ls
o
,
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ee
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t
m
en
t
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lts
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n
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er
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eliv
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m
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ar
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s
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t
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en
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e
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ts
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n
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ce
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h
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m
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to
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p
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p
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3
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d
1
7
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6
%
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an
d
er
ed
f
r
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m
B
FT
an
d
SMB
FT
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au
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
l
y
.
B
esid
es,
t
h
e
f
o
r
ce
d
is
p
er
s
in
g
o
f
t
h
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
ca
n
b
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
b
y
u
p
to
3
3
.
8
2
%
an
d
1
9
.
4
5
%,
w
h
ile
v
italit
y
u
s
e
ca
n
b
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
b
y
up
to
3
2
.
9
1
%
an
d
1
6
.
8
3
%
s
h
o
w
ed
u
p
co
n
tr
asti
n
g
l
y
co
m
p
ar
ab
le
to
B
FT
an
d
SMB
FT
,
s
ep
ar
ately
.
[
3
2
]
I
n
2
0
1
6
,
T
h
e
No
C
co
n
tain
s
g
etti
n
g
r
ea
d
y
p
ar
t
(
P
E
)
,
c
r
ea
te
in
ter
f
ac
e
(
NI
)
an
d
s
w
itc
h
.
T
h
is
p
ap
e
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
a
cr
o
s
s
b
r
ee
d
p
lan
f
o
r
Net
w
o
r
k
o
f
C
h
ip
(
No
C
)
,
w
h
ich
tar
g
et
s
g
u
ar
an
teei
n
g
ab
o
u
t
lo
w
d
o
r
m
a
n
c
y
a
n
d
lo
w
p
o
w
er
u
s
e
b
y
co
n
ce
r
n
in
g
w
ir
ed
an
d
i
n
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
as
s
o
cia
tio
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et
w
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n
s
w
itc
h
es.
T
h
e
s
t
an
d
ar
d
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
o
f
th
is
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ap
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to
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ce
th
e
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o
r
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ity
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d
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t
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s
tr
u
ct
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r
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o
n
ch
ip
g
a
m
e
p
la
n
u
tili
zi
n
g
f
ar
a
w
a
y
ass
o
ciatio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
s
w
itc
h
es.
I
n
t
h
is
p
ap
er
,
th
e
p
o
w
er
u
s
e
i
s
d
i
m
i
n
i
s
h
ed
b
y
co
o
r
d
in
atin
g
a
lo
w
p
o
w
er
s
w
i
tc
h
an
d
in
er
tn
e
s
s
is
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
b
y
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
in
g
an
o
n
-
c
h
ip
f
ar
a
w
a
y
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ce
as
ex
p
r
ess
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
f
o
r
m
o
v
i
n
g
d
ata
b
eg
in
n
i
n
g
w
i
th
o
n
e
s
u
b
n
et
s
w
itc
h
es t
h
en
o
n
to
th
e
g
o
i
n
g
w
i
th
s
u
b
n
et
s
w
i
tch
e
s
.
[
3
3
]
I
n
2
0
1
5
W
ith
th
e
in
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
l
o
w
f
o
r
ce
S
y
s
te
m
o
n
a
C
h
ip
(
So
C
)
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
i
n
h
u
g
e
b
u
s
in
e
s
s
s
er
v
e
p
lan
,
th
er
e
is
a
m
a
k
i
n
g
n
ee
d
to
cr
ea
te
w
h
a
t
w
i
ll
s
tr
en
g
t
h
en
s
ca
le
-
o
u
t,
d
ata
co
n
ce
n
tr
ated
clo
u
d
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
th
at
ar
e
s
en
t
i
n
s
tar
d
ev
elo
p
s
t
o
d
ay
.
On
lo
w
p
o
w
er
p
r
esen
te
d
class
So
C
lab
o
r
er
s
,
th
ese
I
/O
b
o
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k
s
ca
n
b
e
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tr
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y
ex
ce
s
s
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v
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f
o
r
ex
ec
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tio
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n
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n
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ities
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f
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c
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s
,
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n
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ase,
w
h
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n
th
e
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P
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en
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r
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tr
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n
ter
f
ac
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lik
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as
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s
to
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er
s
p
ac
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ce
–
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th
is
m
an
n
er
i
m
p
r
o
v
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n
g
p
at
h
len
g
t
h
to
in
f
o
r
m
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n
r
elat
iv
el
y
as
s
h
ie
ld
in
g
C
P
U
c
y
cles
f
r
o
m
s
et
tin
g
tr
ad
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n
g
.
O
u
r
ass
e
s
s
m
e
n
ts
s
h
o
w
t
h
at
w
e
ca
n
ac
co
m
p
li
s
h
s
u
b
5
µsec
p
in
g
-
p
o
n
g
id
le
n
ess
f
o
r
8
B
s
o
cial
ev
en
ts
,
4
w
h
a
t
's
m
o
r
e
g
iv
e
i
m
p
er
ati
v
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
to
th
e
m
e
m
s
lap
b
en
ch
m
ar
k
les
s
w
h
e
n
d
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
Me
m
ca
ch
ed
r
u
n
n
i
n
g
o
n
th
e
T
4
2
4
0
w
ith
th
e
p
iece
s
tack
(
3
.
5
ev
en
ts
b
ett
er
f
o
r
1
6
B
SE
T
s
)
y
et
in
li
k
e
wa
y
w
h
e
n
w
an
d
er
ed
f
r
o
m
a
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
x
8
6
6
4
lab
o
r
e
r
w
it
h
C
o
n
n
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t
X
1
0
Gb
E
c
o
n
n
ec
to
r
s
w
h
e
n
f
o
r
ce
b
ased
esti
m
atio
n
s
ar
e
u
tili
ze
d
(
r
ig
h
t
ar
o
u
n
d
a
f
ac
to
r
o
f
2
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
w
i
th
p
o
w
er
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
ized
esti
m
at
io
n
s
)
[
3
4
]
.
I
n
2
0
1
5
,
Sy
s
te
m
o
n
-
c
h
ip
(
No
C
)
h
as
r
o
s
e
as
a
k
ey
f
ac
to
r
th
at
p
ick
s
th
e
p
r
ese
n
tatio
n
a
n
d
f
o
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ce
u
tili
za
t
io
n
o
f
m
a
n
y
ce
n
ter
s
t
r
u
c
tu
r
es.
T
h
i
s
p
ap
er
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
a
cr
o
s
s
b
r
ee
d
p
lan
f
o
r
No
C
s
,
w
h
ic
h
tar
g
et
s
m
a
k
i
n
g
s
u
r
e
ab
o
u
t
lo
w
leth
ar
g
y
a
n
d
lo
w
f
o
r
ce
u
s
e.
I
n
th
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
m
u
tt
p
lan
,
a
n
o
v
el
ex
ch
a
n
g
i
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
,
ca
lled
v
ir
tu
al
cir
cu
i
t
ex
ch
a
n
g
in
g
.
A
lo
t
o
f
d
eli
v
er
ed
w
h
at
'
s
m
o
r
e,
g
u
ar
an
teed
tr
a
f
f
ic
p
h
e
n
o
m
e
n
al
o
cc
u
p
atio
n
s
t
h
at
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
d
o
n
e
ar
e
m
is
u
s
ed
to
a
s
s
es
s
t
h
e
ab
u
n
d
a
n
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
u
t
t
p
lo
t.
T
h
e
ex
p
lo
r
ato
r
y
o
u
tco
m
es
s
h
o
w
th
at
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
cr
ea
m
p
lan
ca
n
p
r
o
f
icien
tl
y
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ce
i
n
er
tn
e
s
s
a
n
d
f
o
r
ce
.
F
o
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
r
ea
l
l
y
tr
af
f
ic
r
e
m
a
in
i
n
g
lo
ad
s
,
a
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
o
f
2
0
.
3
%
d
o
r
m
a
n
c
y
d
ec
a
y
a
n
d
3
3
.
2
%
f
o
r
ce
s
p
ar
in
g
ca
n
b
e
g
o
tten
w
h
e
n
s
ep
ar
ated
an
d
th
e
b
en
ch
m
ar
k
No
C
.
I
n
lik
e
m
a
n
n
er
,
w
h
en
s
t
u
ck
o
u
t
a
n
d
th
e
No
C
f
r
o
m
v
i
r
tu
al
f
ea
t
u
r
e
p
o
in
t
af
f
iliatio
n
s
(
VI
P
)
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
cr
ea
m
p
lan
ca
n
d
i
m
in
is
h
th
e
to
r
p
id
ity
b
y
6
.
8
%
w
ith
t
h
e
f
o
r
ce
r
e
d
u
cin
g
b
y
1
1
.
3
%
av
er
ag
el
y
.
[
3
5
]
I
n
2
0
1
5
,
Fra
m
e
w
o
r
k
o
n
-
ch
ip
(
NOC
)
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
h
as
ad
v
an
ce
d
an
ad
v
an
tag
eo
u
s
r
ea
ctio
n
f
o
r
v
er
s
atili
t
y
is
s
u
e.
F
o
llo
w
i
n
g
th
e
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
to
t
h
e
NOC
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t,
les
s
en
in
g
th
e
s
ta
tic
f
o
r
ce
u
s
e
h
as
b
ee
n
at
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
in
t
er
m
in
g
li
n
g
o
f
in
n
o
v
ati
v
e
w
o
r
k
.
Sin
ce
th
e
s
w
itc
h
es
ar
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
tr
e
m
e
n
d
o
u
s
a
n
d
r
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le
p
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er
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ti
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g
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p
m
o
d
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le
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o
f
NOC,
b
y
a
w
id
e
m
ar
g
i
n
t
h
e
g
r
ea
ter
p
ar
t o
f
th
e
o
b
lig
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n
s
ar
e
id
en
tif
ied
w
it
h
ad
v
an
ce
in
s
w
itc
h
d
o
w
n
s
i
ze
d
s
ca
le
b
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ild
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g
p
lan
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Fo
r
ce
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at
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g
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s
at
p
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asto
n
is
h
i
n
g
b
lu
ep
r
in
t
i
n
th
i
s
zo
n
e
at
an
y
r
ate
it
m
ak
e
s
o
v
er
h
ea
d
th
e
d
eg
r
ee
d
ef
er
r
als
an
d
in
t
w
o
o
r
th
r
ee
ca
s
es
it
s
ep
ar
ate
th
e
in
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o
d
u
ctio
n
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
a
f
o
r
ce
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m
p
ete
n
t
s
tr
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ct
u
r
e
f
o
r
th
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y
s
te
m
o
n
-
ch
ip
(
NOC)
s
w
itc
h
es
u
ti
lizi
n
g
ad
ap
tab
le
d
ir
ec
tin
g
h
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b
ee
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p
r
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p
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s
ed
.
Ou
r
r
ee
n
ac
t
m
e
n
t
h
a
s
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
at
we
ca
n
ac
co
m
p
lis
h
clo
s
e
to
8
0
%
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
i
n
s
tatic
p
o
w
er
u
s
e
s
h
o
w
ed
u
p
co
n
tr
as
tin
g
l
y
co
m
p
ar
ab
le
to
n
o
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-
p
o
w
er
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g
ated
s
tr
u
c
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w
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m
p
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e
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m
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l
d
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er
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al
b
y
3
5
%
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
f
o
r
ce
g
ated
p
lan
[
3
6
]
.
I
n
2
0
1
7
,
T
h
e
Net
w
o
r
k
-
on
-
C
h
i
p
(
No
C
)
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
h
as
b
ee
n
a
g
en
t
a
s
th
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
f
o
r
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ce
r
ep
r
ess
io
n
t
h
at
Fra
m
e
w
o
r
k
On
C
h
ip
(
So
C
)
p
r
esen
ts
.
B
e
th
at
as
it
m
a
y
,
p
o
w
er
C
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
i
s
o
n
e
o
f
its
s
i
g
n
if
ic
an
t
i
m
p
er
f
ec
tio
n
s
.
T
o
g
u
ar
an
tee
th
at
a
s
u
p
er
io
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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:
2722
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3221
C
o
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p
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n
f
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T
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,
Vo
l.
2
,
No
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3
,
No
v
em
b
er
20
2
1
:
158
–
1
6
8
166
en
g
i
n
ee
r
i
n
g
is
b
u
i
lt,
b
r
ea
k
in
g
d
o
w
n
h
o
w
f
o
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ce
ca
n
b
e
d
im
i
n
is
h
ed
in
all
asp
ec
ts
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
t
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m
is
f
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
tal.
Fo
r
ce
d
is
s
e
m
i
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e
d
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m
i
n
is
h
ed
b
y
m
ak
in
g
c
h
an
g
es
in
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
w
it
h
th
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t
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in
s
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itc
h
es.
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h
e
d
esig
n
its
e
lf
a
n
d
th
e
L
in
k
s
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
w
ill i
n
v
o
lv
e
an
o
v
er
v
ie
w
led
o
n
late
co
m
m
it
m
e
n
ts
o
n
No
C
.
J
u
s
t a
s
th
e
m
et
h
o
d
s
u
t
ilized
b
y
a
n
al
y
s
ts
to
w
ar
d
s
t
h
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
o
f
p
o
wer
in
t
h
e
s
w
i
tch
d
esi
g
n
,
o
r
g
a
n
i
ze
en
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
an
d
th
e
j
o
in
s
[
3
7
]
.
I
n
2
0
1
6
,
P
ac
k
tu
r
n
ed
Net
w
o
r
k
-
on
-
C
h
ip
(
No
C
)
is
th
e
m
u
t
u
al
in
g
e
n
e
r
al
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ce
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
f
u
t
u
r
e
en
o
r
m
o
u
s
d
eg
r
ee
ch
ip
m
u
lti
-
p
r
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ce
s
s
o
r
s
(
C
MP
s
)
.
B
eg
in
n
i
n
g
late,
Si
n
g
le
-
c
y
cle
Mu
lt
i
-
b
o
b
Of
f
b
ea
t
R
ep
ea
ted
T
r
av
er
s
al
(
SM
A
R
T
)
o
n
r
ep
ea
te
r
-
e
m
b
ed
d
ed
w
ir
e
s
to
d
im
i
n
is
h
p
ac
k
d
ela
y
w
a
s
p
r
o
p
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ed
.
I
n
au
g
m
e
n
tatio
n
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
DO
A
R
T
b
o
ls
ter
s
v
ir
tu
al
c
h
a
n
n
el
an
d
is
s
h
o
w
a
n
d
co
o
r
d
in
atin
g
lev
el
e
n
d
f
r
ee
.
E
x
p
lo
r
ato
r
y
o
u
tco
m
es
s
h
o
w
t
h
at
DO
AR
T
ca
n
d
im
i
n
i
s
h
b
o
th
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
ex
ec
u
tio
n
ti
m
e
in
ad
d
itio
n
,
s
o
r
t
o
u
t p
o
w
er
u
ti
lizatio
n
s
ep
ar
ated
an
d
cu
ttin
g
ed
g
e
No
C
s
w
it
h
SM
A
R
T
h
elp
[
3
8
]
.
I
n
2
0
1
7
,
as
an
o
th
er
ti
m
e
o
f
So
C
s
et
u
p
co
n
tr
iv
e,
S
y
s
te
m
o
n
-
C
h
ip
(
No
C
)
,
is
b
ein
g
g
o
tten
b
y
t
o
an
ev
er
-
ex
p
an
d
in
g
d
e
g
r
ee
ch
ip
s
as
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ce
d
esi
g
n
i
n
g
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
p
ap
er
,
th
e
No
C
ar
r
an
g
in
g
i
s
s
u
e
is
as
s
es
s
ed
,
an
d
a
lo
w
let
h
ar
g
y
No
C
ar
r
an
g
i
n
g
e
s
ti
m
atio
n
i
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
d
im
i
n
is
h
No
C
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ce
i
n
e
r
tn
ess
i
n
ar
r
an
g
i
n
g
u
n
eq
u
iv
o
ca
l
ap
p
licatio
n
s
to
t
h
e
No
C
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
i
n
g
.
T
h
e
p
r
i
m
er
r
esu
lt
s
s
h
o
w
t
h
at
t
h
e
i
n
cl
u
d
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
th
is
p
ap
er
d
im
i
n
i
s
h
e
s
th
e
ex
ec
u
ti
o
n
p
er
io
d
o
f
5
No
C
b
y
2
0
~
4
0
%
an
d
1
0
%,
au
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
l
y
,
s
ep
ar
ated
an
d
th
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
ar
r
an
g
in
g
a
n
d
r
ep
ea
ted
tr
ea
tin
g
f
ig
u
r
i
n
g
[
3
9
]
.
I
n
2
0
1
7
,
Stead
f
astn
es
s
h
a
s
g
o
tt
en
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
ea
r
n
e
s
t
is
s
u
es
in
ar
r
an
g
e
o
n
c
h
ip
(
No
C
)
.
R
eg
ar
d
less
,
h
o
w
to
k
ee
p
lo
w
leth
ar
g
y
a
n
d
p
o
w
er
u
s
e
w
h
i
le
ac
h
ie
v
i
n
g
s
t
ea
d
f
ast
n
es
s
is
s
o
f
ar
a
cu
r
ial
ch
alle
n
g
e.
A
s
to
r
y
s
ch
e
m
e
f
o
r
r
eliab
le
No
C
s
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
I
n
th
e
ar
r
an
g
e
m
e
n
t,
h
ea
d
er
r
ip
p
le
is
m
ad
e
s
u
r
e
ab
o
u
t
f
r
o
m
c
h
an
g
e
to
s
w
itc
h
an
d
d
ata
is
p
r
o
tecte
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
n
d
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
.
T
o
ex
ec
u
t
e
th
e
ar
r
a
n
g
e
m
en
t,
a
n
o
th
er
h
e
ad
er
s
ec
u
r
it
y
p
ad
i
n
s
w
itc
h
es is
o
r
g
a
n
ized
,
w
h
ic
h
c
an
ch
ec
k
th
e
ar
r
an
g
i
n
g
b
o
tch
e
s
an
d
p
er
s
ev
er
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
s
e
n
s
it
iv
e
er
r
o
r
s
at
th
e
s
a
m
e
ti
m
e.
A
s
o
p
p
o
s
ed
to
w
a
tch
i
n
g
o
u
t
f
o
r
ea
c
h
s
w
i
tch
,
d
ata
g
r
o
u
p
i
s
s
i
m
p
l
y
d
ec
o
d
ed
an
d
w
atc
h
ed
o
u
t
f
o
r
r
ec
ip
ien
t
'
s
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
i
n
ter
f
ac
e.
T
h
u
s
l
y
,
th
e
ar
r
an
g
e
m
e
n
t
e
n
s
u
r
es
tr
u
s
t
w
o
r
th
y
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
w
it
h
le
th
ar
g
y
an
d
p
o
w
er
u
s
ag
e.
P
r
eli
m
in
ar
y
o
u
tc
o
m
e
s
s
h
o
w
th
e
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
p
lan
s
i
m
ilar
l
y
a
s
p
o
w
er
u
s
a
g
e,
late
n
c
y
an
d
ar
ea
co
s
t
[
3
1
]
I
n
2
0
1
9
,
Op
tical
Ne
tw
o
r
k
s
-
on
-
C
h
ip
(
ONo
C
s
)
h
a
s
ch
a
n
g
ed
i
n
t
o
th
e
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
m
o
d
el
i
n
th
e
f
iel
d
o
f
m
u
lti
f
o
cu
s
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
s
,
as
a
k
e
y
b
it
o
f
ONo
C
s
,
o
n
-
c
h
ip
laser
s
ar
e
t
h
e
u
n
a
v
o
id
ab
le
w
ells
p
r
i
n
g
o
f
p
o
w
er
u
s
e.
E
s
p
ec
iall
y
in
w
o
r
k
b
ased
ONo
C
s
,
th
er
e
a
r
e
a
lo
t
o
f
lo
n
g
Ma
n
h
atta
n
Di
s
tan
ce
w
a
y
s
w
h
ic
h
ca
u
s
e
b
o
n
a
f
id
e
id
ea
h
ar
d
s
h
ip
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
to
m
ee
t
t
h
e
ed
g
e
o
f
p
h
o
to
g
r
ap
h
id
en
ti
f
ier
,
t
h
e
y
ield
i
n
te
n
s
it
y
o
f
la
s
e
r
m
u
s
t
b
e
i
m
m
ea
s
u
r
ab
l
y
ex
ten
d
ed
[
4
0
]
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
No
C
ar
e
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
co
m
p
l
ex
b
u
s
e
s
d
esi
g
n
ed
a
n
d
also
h
el
p
less
.
T
h
e
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
ai
n
f
la
w
s
is
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
No
w
w
e
g
et
an
ex
ce
lle
n
t
p
r
o
g
r
ess
to
r
ed
u
cin
g
th
e
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
in
t
h
e
No
C
ar
ch
itectu
r
e.
T
h
e
m
aj
o
r
p
r
o
b
lem
i
s
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
i
n
t
h
e
No
C
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e.
I
n
th
i
s
s
u
r
v
e
y
w
e
class
i
f
y
t
h
e
No
C
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
in
to
th
e
m
ain
t
h
r
e
e
ex
ten
t
ar
e
th
e
n
a
m
e
R
o
u
ter
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e,
n
et
w
o
r
k
an
d
L
in
k
s
.
I
n
t
h
ese
ex
te
n
t
s
in
cl
u
d
e
th
e
r
esear
ch
w
o
r
k
o
n
h
o
w
to
p
o
w
er
ca
n
h
a
n
d
le
an
d
s
av
ed
.
Af
ter
t
h
e
b
u
f
f
er
s
ar
e
m
o
s
tl
y
u
s
ed
th
e
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
i
n
t
h
e
No
C
ar
ch
i
tectu
r
e.
O
u
r
w
o
r
k
o
n
to
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
th
e
n
e
w
m
et
h
o
d
s
to
o
v
er
c
o
m
e
s
t
h
e
f
ac
il
it
y
o
f
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
in
b
u
f
f
er
s
.
Si
m
ilar
l
y
,
th
e
s
e
m
et
h
o
d
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
v
ir
tu
al
ch
an
n
els
an
d
th
ese
m
et
h
o
d
s
ar
e
ap
p
ly
o
n
V
C
s
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
T
h
e
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
t
io
n
m
et
h
o
d
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
d
e
-
ac
ti
v
e
th
e
r
e
s
o
u
r
ce
w
h
ic
h
is
n
o
t
u
s
e
f
u
l.
T
h
e
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
a
ls
o
i
s
s
u
es
f
o
r
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
y
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
ar
e
n
o
t
ac
ti
v
e
f
o
r
r
ec
eiv
i
n
g
p
ac
k
ets.
T
h
e
3
D
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
g
iv
e
s
m
o
r
e
o
u
tco
m
es
to
r
ed
u
c
e
th
eir
2
D
co
u
n
ter
s
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
w
h
e
n
m
an
a
g
e
th
e
li
m
it
s
o
f
p
o
w
er
i
n
t
h
e
l
in
k
s
th
e
n
w
e
al
s
o
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
s
t
h
e
li
m
its
o
f
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
i
n
t
h
e
No
C
ar
ch
i
tectu
r
e.
No
w
i
f
all
t
h
e
m
et
h
o
d
s
ar
e
in
c
lu
d
in
g
i
n
to
th
e
o
n
l
y
o
n
e
ar
c
h
it
ec
tu
r
e
f
o
r
m
o
s
t b
e
n
ef
icial.
I
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
w
e
d
ef
in
e
a
co
m
p
lete
s
u
r
v
e
y
o
n
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
f
o
r
r
ed
u
cin
g
m
et
h
o
d
s
to
o
n
ch
ip
s
t
y
le.
Fir
s
t o
f
all,
w
e
d
is
cu
s
s
t
h
e
w
h
at
i
s
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
in
th
e
No
C
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
th
en
a
ls
o
d
is
cu
s
s
in
t
h
r
ee
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
ar
ea
s
in
th
e
n
a
m
e
ar
e
r
o
u
ter
ar
ch
itectu
r
e,
n
et
w
o
r
k
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
an
d
lin
k
s
.
Si
m
il
ar
l
y
d
is
cu
s
s
h
o
w
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
n
c
h
ip
s
t
y
l
e
r
o
u
ter
s
th
e
n
also
d
is
c
u
s
s
th
e
l
o
w
p
o
w
er
m
et
h
o
d
s
to
b
e
u
s
ed
co
m
e
o
u
t
3
D
No
c
ar
ch
itect
u
r
es.
P
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
ap
p
l
y
o
n
th
e
p
o
w
er
m
et
h
o
d
s
to
b
e
o
v
er
co
m
es
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
I
ts
w
ill
b
e
v
er
y
u
s
e
f
u
l
f
o
r
if
th
e
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
an
d
lin
k
s
ca
n
its
el
f
o
p
ti
m
ize
i
n
s
u
ch
w
a
y
t
h
at
th
e
p
o
w
er
s
av
i
n
g
.
T
h
e
f
u
t
u
r
e
w
o
r
k
o
n
3
D
No
c
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
Ba
h
a
rlo
o
.
M
.
,
e
t
a
l
.,
“
Ch
a
n
g
e
S
UB:
A
p
o
w
e
r
e
ff
icie
n
t
m
u
lt
ip
le
n
e
two
rk
-
on
-
c
h
i
p
a
rc
h
it
e
c
t
u
re
,
”
Co
mp
u
ter
s
&
El
e
c
trica
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
8
3
,
p
p
.
1
0
6
5
7
8
,
2
0
2
0
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
C
o
m
p
u
t.
Sci.
I
n
f
.
T
ec
h
n
o
l.
Lo
w
p
o
w
er n
etw
o
r
k
o
n
ch
ip
a
r
ch
itectu
r
es:
A
s
u
r
ve
y
(
Mu
h
a
mma
d
R
a
z
a
N
a
q
vi)
167
[2
]
X
ian
g
,
D
.
a
n
d
Q.
P
a
n
,
“
L
o
w
-
p
o
we
r
a
n
d
h
ig
h
-
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
a
d
a
p
t
iv
e
ro
u
ti
n
g
in
o
n
-
c
h
ip
n
e
tw
o
rk
s,”
CCF
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Hi
g
h
Per
fo
rm
a
n
c
e
C
o
mp
u
ti
n
g
,
v
o
l.
1
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
9
2
-
1
1
0
,
2
0
1
9
.
[3
]
Zh
a
n
J.
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Hy
b
rid
d
r
o
w
s
y
s
ra
m
a
n
d
stt
-
ra
m
b
u
f
f
e
r
d
e
s
ig
n
s
f
o
r
d
a
rk
-
sili
c
o
n
-
a
w
a
re
n
o
c
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Ver
y
L
a
rg
e
S
c
a
le In
teg
r
a
ti
o
n
(
VL
S
I)
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
2
4
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
3
0
4
1
-
3
0
5
4
,
2
0
1
6
.
[4
]
W
a
n
g
,
P
.
,
e
t
a
l
.
“
EV
C
-
b
a
se
d
P
o
w
e
r
Ga
ti
n
g
A
p
p
ro
a
c
h
t
o
A
c
h
iev
e
Lo
w
-
p
o
w
e
r
a
n
d
Hig
h
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
No
C,
”
in
2019
2
2
n
d
E
u
ro
mic
ro
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Dig
it
a
l
S
y
ste
m De
sig
n
(
DS
D)
,
IE
EE
,
2
0
1
9
.
[5
]
V
e
n
k
a
tara
m
a
n
,
N.,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
n
t
li
o
n
o
p
ti
m
ize
d
b
u
f
f
e
rles
s
ro
u
ti
n
g
in
th
e
d
e
sig
n
o
f
lo
w
p
o
we
r
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
sp
e
c
if
ic
n
e
tw
o
rk
o
n
c
h
i
p
,
”
Circ
u
it
s,
S
y
ste
ms
,
a
n
d
S
ig
n
a
l
Pro
c
e
ss
in
g
,
v
o
l.
3
9
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
9
6
1
-
9
7
6
,
2
0
2
0
.
[6
]
W
a
n
g
,
K.,
A
.
L
o
u
ri
,
“
S
y
ste
m
s,
CURE:
A
Hig
h
-
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
,
L
o
w
-
P
o
w
e
r,
a
n
d
Re
li
a
b
le
Ne
tw
o
rk
-
on
-
Ch
ip
De
sig
n
Us
in
g
Re
in
f
o
rc
e
m
e
n
t
L
e
a
rn
in
g
,
”
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Pa
ra
ll
e
l
a
n
d
Distrib
u
ted
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
3
1
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
2
1
2
5
-
2
1
3
8
,
2
0
2
0
.
[7
]
Ch
e
n
,
X
.
a
n
d
N.K
.
Jh
a
,
“
Re
d
u
c
in
g
w
ire
a
n
d
e
n
e
rg
y
o
v
e
rh
e
a
d
s
o
f
th
e
S
M
A
RT
No
C
u
sin
g
a
se
tu
p
re
q
u
e
st
n
e
tw
o
rk
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Ver
y
L
a
rg
e
S
c
a
le In
te
g
ra
ti
o
n
(
VL
S
I)
S
y
ste
m
s
,
v
o
l.
2
4
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
3
0
1
3
-
3
0
2
6
,
2
0
1
6
.
[8
]
Ba
o
,
D.,
e
t
a
l
,
“
A
V
irt
u
a
l
Ch
a
n
n
e
l
A
ll
o
c
a
ti
o
n
A
lg
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
No
C.
i
n
I
n
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
o
n
M
a
c
h
in
e
L
e
a
rn
in
g
a
n
d
In
telli
g
e
n
t
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s,”
S
p
ri
n
g
e
r In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Pu
b
li
sh
i
n
g
,
S
p
rin
g
e
r,
2
0
1
7
.
[9
]
Bo
se
,
A
.
a
n
d
P
.
J.J.
o
.
S
.
A
.
G
h
o
sa
l,
“
A
lo
w
late
n
c
y
e
n
e
rg
y
e
ff
icie
n
t
BF
T
b
a
se
d
3
D
No
C
d
e
sig
n
w
it
h
z
o
n
e
b
a
se
d
ro
u
ti
n
g
stra
teg
y
,
"
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
y
ste
ms
Arc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
,
v
o
l.
1
0
8
,
p
p
.
1
0
1
7
3
8
,
2
0
2
0
.
[1
0
]
S
h
e
n
b
a
g
a
v
a
ll
i,
S
.
a
n
d
S
.
Ka
rth
ik
e
y
a
n
,
“
A
n
e
ff
icie
n
t
lo
w
p
o
w
e
r
No
C
ro
u
ter
a
rc
h
i
tec
tu
re
d
e
sig
n
,
”
in
2
0
1
5
O
n
li
n
e
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Gr
e
e
n
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
(
IC
-
GET
)
,
IEE
E
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
1
]
Eff
io
n
g
,
C.
,
G
.
S
a
ss
a
telli
,
a
n
d
A
.
G
a
m
a
ti
e
,
“
Distrib
u
ted
a
n
d
d
y
n
a
m
ic
sh
a
re
d
-
b
u
f
fe
r
ro
u
ter
f
o
r
h
i
g
h
-
p
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
in
terc
o
n
n
e
c
t,
”
in
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s o
f
t
h
e
El
e
v
e
n
th
I
EE
E/
ACM
I
n
ter
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
S
y
mp
o
siu
m
o
n
Ne
two
rk
s
-
on
-
Ch
ip
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
2
]
S
e
p
ú
lv
e
d
a
,
J.
,
e
t
a
l
.
“
Dy
n
a
m
ic
N
o
C
b
u
f
f
e
r
a
ll
o
c
a
ti
o
n
f
o
r
M
P
S
o
C
ti
m
in
g
sid
e
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
a
tt
a
c
k
p
ro
tec
ti
o
n
,
”
in
2
0
1
6
IEE
E
7
t
h
L
a
ti
n
Ame
ric
a
n
S
y
mp
o
s
iu
m o
n
Circ
u
it
s
&
S
y
ste
ms
(
L
AS
CAS
)
,
IE
EE
,
2
0
1
6
[1
3
]
L
o
u
is,
R.
,
M
.
Vin
o
d
h
in
i
,
a
n
d
N.
M
u
rty
,
“
Re
li
a
b
le
ro
u
ter
a
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
w
it
h
e
las
ti
c
b
u
f
fe
r
f
o
r
No
C
a
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
,
”
i
n
2
0
1
5
I
n
t
e
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
VL
S
I
S
y
ste
ms
,
Arc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
,
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
Ap
p
li
c
a
t
io
n
s
(
VL
S
I
-
S
AT
A)
,
IEE
E
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
4
]
Jo
se
p
h
,
J.
M
.
,
Ba
m
b
e
rg
,
L
.
,
Ha
jj
a
r,
I.
,
S
c
h
m
id
t,
R.
,
P
i
o
n
tec
k
,
T
.
,
&
G
a
rc
ia
-
Ortiz,
A
.
“
S
i
m
u
latio
n
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
li
n
k
e
n
e
rg
y
e
sti
m
a
ti
o
n
in
n
e
tw
o
rk
s
-
o
n
-
c
h
i
p
w
it
h
v
irt
u
a
l
c
h
a
n
n
e
ls,”
In
teg
ra
t
io
n
,
v
o
l.
6
8
,
p
p
.
1
4
7
-
1
5
6
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
5
]
.
Zu
lk
e
f
li
,
F
.
W
.
B.
,
Eh
k
a
n
,
P
.
,
W
a
rip
,
M
.
N.
M
.
,
&
P
h
i
n
g
,
N.
Y.
“
A
e
ff
ica
c
y
o
f
d
i
ff
e
re
n
t
b
u
ff
e
r
siz
e
o
n
la
ten
c
y
o
f
n
e
tw
o
rk
o
n
c
h
i
p
(No
C),
”
Bu
ll
e
ti
n
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
c
s
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
4
3
8
-
4
4
2
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
6
]
Nik
o
li
ć
,
B.
,
T
o
b
u
sc
h
a
t
,
S
.
,
I
n
d
r
u
s
iak
,
L
.
S
.
,
Ern
st,
R.
,
&
Bu
r
n
s,
A
.
“
Re
a
l
-
ti
m
e
a
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
p
rio
rit
y
-
p
re
e
m
p
ti
v
e
No
Cs
w
it
h
a
rb
it
ra
ry
b
u
ff
e
r
siz
e
s a
n
d
ro
u
ter d
e
lay
s,
”
Re
al
-
T
ime
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
5
5
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
6
3
-
1
0
5
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
7
]
Ka
li
m
u
th
u
,
A
.
a
n
d
M
.
Ka
rth
ik
e
y
a
n
,
“
L
o
w
P
o
w
e
r
Ne
tw
o
rk
-
on
-
Ch
ip
V
irt
u
a
l
Ch
a
n
n
e
l
R
o
u
ter
A
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
c
ien
ti
fi
c
Res
e
a
rc
h
a
n
d
Rev
iew
,
v
ol
.
7
,
n
o
.
6
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
8
]
W
a
n
g
,
P
.
,
e
t
a
l
.
“
A
n
o
v
e
l
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
to
re
d
u
c
e
p
a
c
k
e
t
late
n
c
y
in
c
re
a
se
c
a
u
se
d
b
y
p
o
w
e
r
g
a
ti
n
g
in
n
e
tw
o
rk
-
on
-
c
h
ip
,
”
in
Pro
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
t
h
e
El
e
v
e
n
th
IE
EE
/A
CM
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
y
mp
o
siu
m o
n
Ne
tw
o
rk
s
-
on
-
Ch
ip
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
9
]
F
a
rro
k
h
b
a
k
h
t,
H.,
H
.
M
.
Ka
m
a
li
,
a
n
d
N.E
.
Je
rg
e
r,
“
M
u
f
f
in
:
M
in
im
a
ll
y
-
Bu
f
f
e
r
e
d
Zero
-
De
la
y
P
o
w
e
r
-
G
a
ti
n
g
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
in
On
-
C
h
ip
Ro
u
ters
,
”
in
2
0
1
9
IEE
E/
ACM
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
y
mp
o
siu
m
o
n
L
o
w
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
De
sig
n
(
IS
L
PE
D)
,
IEE
E,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
0
]
Be
n
in
i,
L
.
a
n
d
G
.
De
M
ich
e
li
,
“
Ne
tw
o
rk
s
o
n
c
h
ip
:
A
n
e
w
p
a
ra
d
ig
m
fo
r
sy
ste
m
s
o
n
c
h
ip
d
e
sig
n
,
”
in
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
2
0
0
2
De
sig
n
,
A
u
to
m
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
T
e
st i
n
E
u
ro
p
e
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
Exh
i
b
it
i
o
n
,
IEE
E,
2
0
0
2
.
[2
1
]
Je
r
g
e
r,
N.E
.
,
T
.
Krish
n
a
,
a
n
d
L
.
-
S
.
P
e
h
,
“
On
-
c
h
ip
n
e
tw
o
rk
s
”
S
y
n
th
e
sis
L
e
c
tu
re
s
o
n
Co
mp
u
ter
Arc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
,
v
o
l.
1
2
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
-
2
1
0
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
2
]
Ku
m
a
r,
R.
,
V
.
Zy
u
b
a
n
,
a
n
d
D.
M
.
T
u
ll
se
n
,
“
In
terc
o
n
n
e
c
ti
o
n
s
i
n
m
u
lt
i
-
c
o
re
a
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
s:
Un
d
e
rsta
n
d
i
n
g
m
e
c
h
a
n
is
m
s,
o
v
e
rh
e
a
d
s a
n
d
sc
a
li
n
g
,
”
i
n
3
2
n
d
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
y
mp
o
si
u
m o
n
C
o
mp
u
ter
Arc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
(
IS
CA'0
5
)
,
IEE
E
,
2
0
0
5
.
[2
3
]
Dim
it
ra
k
o
p
o
u
l
o
s,
G
.
,
A
.
P
sa
rra
s,
a
n
d
I.
S
e
it
a
n
id
is,
“
M
icr
o
a
r
c
h
it
e
c
tu
re
o
f
Ne
t
w
o
rk
-
on
-
c
h
ip
Ro
u
te
rs,”
v
o
l.
1
0
2
5
,
S
p
rin
g
e
r
,
2
0
1
5
.
[2
4
]
M
u
l
li
n
s,
R
.
,
A
.
W
e
st,
a
n
d
S
.
M
o
o
re
,
“
L
o
w
-
late
n
c
y
v
irt
u
a
l
-
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
ro
u
ters
f
o
r
o
n
-
c
h
ip
n
e
tw
o
rk
s,”
i
n
Pr
o
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
.
3
1
st A
n
n
u
a
l
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
y
mp
o
s
iu
m o
n
Co
m
p
u
ter
Arc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
,
I
EE
E,
2
0
0
4
.
[2
5
]
M
e
l
o
,
D.R.
,
e
t
a
l
.,
“
M
a
x
im
izin
g
th
e
In
n
e
r
Re
sili
e
n
c
e
o
f
a
Ne
t
w
o
r
k
-
on
-
Ch
i
p
th
r
o
u
g
h
Ro
u
ter
Co
n
tr
o
ll
e
rs
De
sig
n
,
”
S
e
n
so
rs
,
v
o
l
.
1
9
,
n
o
.
2
4
,
p
p
.
5
4
1
6
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
6
]
Ud
ip
i,
A
.
N.,
N.
M
u
ra
l
i
m
a
n
o
h
a
r,
a
n
d
R
.
Ba
las
u
b
ra
m
o
n
ian
,
“
T
o
w
a
r
d
s
sc
a
lab
le,
e
n
e
rg
y
-
e
ff
ici
e
n
t,
b
u
s
-
b
a
se
d
on
-
c
h
i
p
n
e
tw
o
rk
s,”
in
HPCA
-
1
6
2
0
1
0
T
h
e
S
ixte
e
n
t
h
I
n
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
S
y
mp
o
siu
m
o
n
Hig
h
-
Per
fo
rm
a
n
c
e
Co
mp
u
te
r
Arc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
,
IEE
E,
2
0
1
0
[2
7
]
M
o
sc
ib
r
o
d
a
,
T
.
a
n
d
O
.
M
u
tl
u
,
“
A
c
a
se
f
o
r
b
u
f
fe
rl
e
ss
ro
u
ti
n
g
in
o
n
-
c
h
ip
n
e
tw
o
rk
s,”
in
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
t
h
e
3
6
t
h
a
n
n
u
a
l
in
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
sy
mp
o
siu
m
o
n
Co
m
p
u
ter
a
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
,
2
0
0
9
.
[2
8
]
W
a
n
g
,
H.
-
S.,
e
t
a
l.
“
Orio
n
:
a
p
o
w
e
r
-
p
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
si
m
u
lat
o
r
f
o
r
in
terc
o
n
n
e
c
ti
o
n
n
e
tw
o
rk
s,”
in
3
5
th
An
n
u
a
l
IE
EE
/A
CM
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
S
y
mp
o
si
u
m o
n
M
icr
o
a
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
,
2
0
0
2
.
(
M
ICRO
-
35)
,
P
ro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s,
IE
EE
,
2
0
0
2
.
[2
9
]
A
h
m
e
d
,
A
.
B.
,
K.
M
o
ri,
a
n
d
A
.
B.
A
b
d
a
ll
a
h
,
“
ON
o
C
-
S
P
L
:
c
u
st
o
m
ize
d
n
e
tw
o
rk
-
on
-
c
h
ip
(No
C)
a
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
a
n
d
p
ro
t
o
ty
p
in
g
f
o
r
d
a
ta
-
in
t
e
n
siv
e
c
o
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