C
om
p
u
t
e
r
S
c
ie
n
c
e
an
d
I
n
f
or
m
at
io
n
T
e
c
h
n
ol
ogi
e
s
V
ol
.
1
, N
o.
3
,
N
ove
m
be
r
2020
, pp.
93
~
97
I
S
S
N
:
2722
-
3221
,
D
O
I
:
10.11591
/
c
s
it
.v1i
3
.p
93
-
97
93
Jou
r
n
al
h
om
e
page
:
ht
tp
:
//
ia
e
s
pr
ime
.c
om
/i
nde
x
.php/c
s
it
Pe
r
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
e
val
u
at
i
on
of
b
l
oc
k
c
h
ai
n
s i
n
t
h
e
i
n
t
e
r
n
e
t
of
t
h
i
n
gs
T
an
w
e
e
r
A
la
m
Department of Compu
ter Science, Faculty o
f Computer and Inform
ation Technology,
Islamic Uni
versity of
Madinah, S
audi Arabia
A
r
t
ic
le
I
n
f
o
A
B
S
T
R
A
C
T
A
r
ti
c
le
h
is
to
r
y
:
R
e
c
e
iv
e
d
M
a
r
24
, 20
2
0
R
e
vi
s
e
d
J
un
7
, 20
2
0
A
c
c
e
pt
e
d
J
un
21
, 20
2
0
The
idea
of
blockchains
technology
(BT)
in
the
internet
of
things
(IoT)
is
to
allow
the
physical
things
to
trust
in
the
transactions
held
within
t
he
IoT
network.
The
BT
is
a
distributed,
decentralized,
publicly
shared
its
digital
ledger
and
secured
technology
to
eternally
record
the
transactions
across
the
shared
databa
se.
The
BT
in
IoT
can
be
called
Trust
Machine
to
eli
minate
the
intermediates
and
enables
the
physical
things
to
trust
with
each
oth
er.
This
research
evaluates
the
performance
of
BT
in
IoT.
The
simulated
res
ults
are
tested
and
can
be
used
in
the
sustainable
development
of
the
integratio
n
of
BT
and IoT.
K
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
:
5G
ne
twor
ks
B
lo
c
kc
ha
in
s
t
e
c
hnol
ogy
F
og c
om
put
in
g
I
nt
e
r
ne
t
of
t
hi
ngs
(
I
oT
)
I
oT
node
s
This is an
open
acce
ss artic
le unde
r the
CC BY
-
SA
license.
C
or
r
e
s
pon
di
n
g A
u
th
or
:
T
a
nw
e
e
r
A
la
m
D
e
pa
r
tm
e
nt
of
C
om
put
e
r
S
c
ie
nc
e
,
F
a
c
ul
ty
of
C
om
put
e
r
a
nd I
nf
or
m
a
ti
on T
e
c
hnol
ogy,
I
s
la
m
ic
U
ni
ve
r
s
it
y of
M
a
di
na
h, S
a
udi
A
r
a
bi
a
.
E
m
a
il
:
ta
nw
e
e
r
03@
iu
.e
du.s
a
1.
I
N
T
R
O
D
U
C
T
I
O
N
T
he
in
te
r
ne
t
of
th
in
gs
(
I
oT
)
e
na
bl
e
s
th
e
phys
ic
a
l
th
in
gs
to
c
onne
c
t,
c
om
m
uni
c
a
te
a
nd
e
xc
ha
nge
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on
w
it
hout
a
hum
a
n
to
hu
m
a
n
or
hum
a
n
to
m
a
c
hi
ne
in
t
e
r
a
c
ti
on
[
1]
.
T
he
bl
oc
kc
ha
in
s
te
c
hnol
ogy
(
BT
)
is
a
gr
ow
in
g
c
ha
in
of
bl
oc
ks
w
it
h
th
e
c
r
ypt
ogr
a
phi
c
ha
s
h
to
e
te
r
na
ll
y
r
e
c
or
d
th
e
tr
a
ns
a
c
ti
ons
a
nd
s
to
r
e
in
publ
ic
da
ta
ba
s
e
.
T
he
I
oT
a
nd
B
T
bot
h
te
c
hnol
ogi
e
s
a
r
e
pr
e
s
um
a
bl
e
e
m
e
r
gi
ng
te
r
m
s
a
nd
th
e
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
k
to
in
te
gr
a
te
th
e
s
e
te
c
hnol
ogi
e
s
c
a
n
ge
ne
r
a
te
n
e
w
oppor
tu
ni
ti
e
s
in
th
e
a
r
e
a
of
c
om
m
uni
c
a
ti
on
s
e
c
ur
it
y
a
nd
r
e
li
a
bi
li
ty
a
m
ong
in
te
r
ne
t
of
phys
ic
a
l
th
in
gs
[
2]
.
B
ut
s
c
a
la
bi
li
ty
is
a
bi
g
c
h
a
ll
e
n
ge
to
in
te
gr
a
te
bot
h
th
e
te
c
hnol
ogi
e
s
to
ge
th
e
r
be
c
a
us
e
of
a
hug
e
numbe
r
of
phys
ic
a
l
c
onne
c
te
d t
hi
ngs
i
n t
he
h
e
te
r
oge
ne
ous
ne
twor
k [
3
-
6
]
.
T
he
B
T
in
I
oT
is
a
nove
l
te
c
hnol
ogy
th
a
t
a
c
ts
w
it
h
de
c
e
nt
r
a
li
z
e
d,
di
s
tr
ib
ut
e
d,
publ
ic
a
nd
r
e
a
l
-
ti
m
e
le
dge
r
t
o s
to
r
e
t
r
a
ns
a
c
ti
ons
a
m
ong I
o
T
node
s
[
7
]
. A
bl
oc
kc
ha
in
is
a
s
e
r
ie
s
of
bl
oc
k
s
, e
a
c
h bl
oc
k i
s
l
in
ke
d t
o i
ts
pr
e
vi
ous
bl
oc
ks
[
8
]
.
E
ve
r
y
bl
oc
k
ha
s
a
c
r
ypt
ogr
a
phi
c
ha
s
h
c
ode
,
pr
e
vi
ous
bl
oc
k
ha
s
h,
a
nd
it
s
da
ta
.
T
he
tr
a
n
s
a
c
ti
ons
in
B
T
a
r
e
th
e
ba
s
ic
uni
ts
th
a
t
a
r
e
u
s
e
d
to
tr
a
ns
f
e
r
da
ta
be
twe
e
n
I
oT
node
s
.
T
he
I
oT
nod
e
s
a
r
e
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
ki
nd
o
f
phys
ic
a
l
but
s
m
a
r
t
de
vi
c
e
s
w
it
h
e
m
be
dde
d
s
e
ns
or
s
,
a
c
tu
a
to
r
s
,
pr
ogr
a
m
s
a
nd
a
bl
e
to
c
om
m
uni
c
a
te
w
it
h ot
he
r
I
oT
node
s
[
9
].
2.
T
H
E
R
O
L
E
O
F
B
T
I
N
I
O
T
T
he
r
ol
e
of
B
T
i
n I
oT
i
s
t
o pr
ovi
de
a
pr
oc
e
dur
e
t
o pr
oc
e
s
s
s
e
c
ur
e
d r
e
c
or
ds
of
da
ta
t
hr
ough I
oT
node
s
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nt
e
d
on
F
ig
ur
e
1
.
B
T
i
s
a
s
e
c
ur
e
d
te
c
hnol
ogy
th
a
t
c
a
n
be
us
e
d
publ
ic
ly
a
nd
ope
nl
y
[1
0
-
1
4
]
.
T
he
I
oT
r
e
qui
r
e
s
th
is
ki
nd
of
te
c
hnol
ogy
to
c
om
m
uni
c
a
te
s
e
c
ur
e
ly
a
m
o
ng
th
e
I
oT
node
s
[1
5
-
1
7
]
.
T
he
tr
a
ns
a
c
ti
ons
in
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
2722
-
3221
C
om
put
. S
c
i.
I
nf
. T
e
c
hnol
.
,
V
ol
.
1
, N
o.
3
,
N
ove
m
be
r
20
20
:
93
–
97
94
B
T
c
oul
d
be
tr
a
c
e
d
a
nd
e
xpl
or
e
d
th
r
ough
a
nyone
w
ho
is
a
ut
he
nt
ic
a
te
d
to
c
om
m
uni
c
a
te
w
it
hi
n
th
e
I
oT
.
T
he
B
T
in
I
oT
m
a
y he
lp
t
o i
m
pr
ove
c
om
m
uni
c
a
ti
on s
e
c
ur
it
y [
18
’
]
. T
he
m
a
jo
r
be
ne
f
it
s
of
B
T
w
it
h I
oT
a
r
e
:
−
D
e
ve
lo
p t
r
us
t
a
m
ong I
oT
publi
c
node
s
a
nd mi
ni
f
y t
he
r
is
k of
c
ol
li
s
io
ns
[
19
-
21]
,
−
M
in
if
y t
he
pr
oc
e
s
s
in
g c
o
s
ts
t
hr
ough dir
e
c
t
c
om
m
uni
c
a
ti
on w
it
h
out
t
he
t
hi
r
d pa
r
ti
e
s
[
22]
,
−
s
pe
e
d up the
t
r
a
ns
a
c
ti
ons
i
n r
e
a
l
ti
m
e
.
F
ig
ur
e
. 1
.
T
r
a
ns
a
c
ti
ons
P
r
oc
e
s
s
i
n B
T
3.
R
E
S
U
L
T
S
A
N
D
A
N
A
L
Y
S
I
S
I
n
B
T
is
a
s
e
r
ie
s
of
bl
oc
ks
.
T
h
e
s
iz
e
of
a
bl
oc
k
(
B
S
)
in
bl
oc
kc
ha
in
c
a
n
be
obt
a
in
e
d
by
th
e
f
ol
lo
w
in
g
f
or
m
ul
a
[
8]
:
B
S
(
in
M
B
)
=
H
S
(
in
B
yt
e
s
)
+
T
S
(
in
B
yt
e
s
)
* N
o o
f
t
r
a
ns
a
c
ti
o
ns
i
n t
ha
t
bl
oc
k.
(
1)
W
he
r
e
H
S
i
s
t
he
s
iz
e
of
t
he
he
a
d
e
r
.
T
he
T
ot
a
l
M
in
in
g e
n
e
r
gy (
T
e
)
c
a
n be
c
a
lc
ul
a
t
e
d by the
s
um
of
a
ll
c
onne
c
te
d I
oT
node
s
m
in
in
g e
ne
r
gy (
E
)
:
T
e
=
T
e
=
∑
(
)
=
1
(
2)
T
im
e
(
t)
t
a
ke
n by a
bl
oc
k be
twe
e
n i
nt
e
r
c
onn
e
c
te
d I
oT
node
s
w
i
th
t
he
ir
ba
ndw
id
th
B
w
:
t
=
B
S
/
B
w
(
i,
j)
(
3)
w
he
r
e
B
w
(
i,
j)
i
s
t
he
ba
ndw
id
th
be
twe
e
n t
he
I
o
T
node
s
i
,j
.
T
he
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
k w
id
th
(
F
w
)
c
a
n be
obt
a
in
e
d by
F
w
=
M
a
x(
t)
(
4)
T
he
ha
s
h
i
s
th
e
c
r
ypt
o
c
ode
of
th
e
pr
e
vi
ou
s
bl
oc
k
(
H
c
)
th
a
t
i
s
a
s
s
i
gne
d
to
e
ve
r
y
bl
oc
k
in
th
e
bl
oc
kc
h
a
in
.
T
he
bl
oc
k oc
c
ur
r
e
nc
e
(
B
o)
c
a
n be
obt
a
in
e
d by
B
o=
T
e
/Hc
.
(
5)
T
he
t
r
a
ns
a
c
ti
ons
pe
r
s
e
c
ond (
T
s
)
he
ld
i
n t
he
bl
oc
kc
h
a
in
c
a
n be
obt
a
in
e
d by the
f
or
m
ul
a
:
T
s
=
B
o * No of
t
r
a
ns
a
c
ti
ons
i
n t
h
a
t
bl
oc
k
(
6)
T
he
f
or
k
in
bl
oc
kc
ha
in
c
a
n
ha
ppe
n
if
th
e
m
in
e
r
s
r
e
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
bl
oc
ks
a
t
th
e
s
a
m
e
ti
m
e
.
T
he
pr
oba
bi
li
ty
of
bl
oc
kc
ha
in
f
or
k P
(
F
)
c
a
n be
c
a
lc
ul
a
te
d by the
f
or
m
ul
a
:
P
(
F
)
=
1
-
(
1+
B
o*F
w
)
* e
-
B
o*F
w
(
7)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
C
om
put
. S
c
i.
I
nf
. T
e
c
hnol
.
P
e
r
fo
r
m
anc
e
e
v
al
uat
io
n of
bl
oc
k
c
hai
ns
i
n t
he
i
nt
e
r
ne
t
of
t
hi
ngs
…
(
T
anw
e
e
r
A
la
m
)
95
C
ons
id
e
r
t
he
ne
w
ly
c
r
e
a
te
d bl
oc
k B
N
t
ha
t
is
r
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
d by two pr
e
vi
ous
ly
c
r
e
a
te
d bl
oc
ks
. T
he
B
N
i
s
pl
a
c
e
d
be
twe
e
n
th
e
s
e
two
bl
oc
ks
.
C
ons
id
e
r
th
a
t
th
e
bl
oc
k
B
N
is
ve
r
if
ie
d
by
th
e
m
in
e
r
s
,
th
e
ti
m
e
B
N
(
t)
is
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nt
e
d
th
e
ve
r
if
ic
a
ti
on
ti
m
e
c
a
lc
ul
a
te
d
by
th
e
P
oi
s
s
on
pr
oc
e
s
s
µ
[
23
-
25]
.
S
uppos
e
α
be
th
e
ti
m
e
ta
k
e
n
by
th
e
I
oT
node
to
c
om
put
e
th
e
tr
a
ns
a
c
ti
on
p
r
oc
e
s
s
to
th
e
f
og
ne
tw
or
k.
S
o,
th
e
to
ta
l
ti
m
e
ta
ke
n
by
e
a
c
h
tr
a
ns
a
c
ti
on
to
be
vi
s
ib
le
on
th
e
ne
twor
k
is
α+
t
[
9
]
.
C
ons
id
e
r
th
a
t
N
is
th
e
to
ta
l
num
be
r
of
unve
r
if
ie
d
bl
oc
ks
[
26
-
27
]
.
T
he
pr
oba
bi
li
ty
of
B
N
i
n t
he
bl
oc
kc
ha
in
of
t
he
I
oT
-
F
og f
r
a
m
e
w
or
k i
s
c
a
lc
ul
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k U
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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(
T
anw
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r
A
la
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)
97
R
E
F
E
R
E
N
C
E
S
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