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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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[
2
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−
[
4
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T
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s
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6
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(
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u
r
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1
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Dif
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Sin
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q
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in
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[
7
]
−
[
9
]
.
T
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ir
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1
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2
1
[
1
0
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h
in
es
(
R
FMs)
h
av
e
tak
en
o
v
e
r
th
e
e
d
g
e
in
t
h
is
r
eg
ar
d
an
d
ca
p
tu
r
ed
th
e
m
ar
k
et.
B
u
t
th
e
p
r
esen
t
d
ay
s
o
cieta
l
an
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
n
ee
d
s
f
o
r
ce
d
th
e
r
esear
ch
e
r
to
r
eth
in
k
o
n
th
e
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
in
g
o
f
AFMs
b
y
ad
v
an
ce
d
tech
n
iq
u
es a
n
d
to
m
ak
e
u
s
e
th
ese
m
ac
h
in
es.
T
h
e
ax
ial
f
lu
x
m
ac
h
in
es
(
AFMs)
d
if
f
er
f
r
o
m
r
ad
ial
f
lu
x
m
ac
h
in
es
o
n
ly
in
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
b
u
t
p
r
i
n
cip
le
o
f
wo
r
k
i
n
g
is
s
am
e
[
1
1
]
.
I
n
c
o
n
v
en
tio
n
al
R
FMs,
th
e
co
n
d
u
cto
r
s
ar
e
p
lace
d
in
p
ar
allel
to
th
e
s
h
af
t
ax
is
.
T
h
e
m
ag
n
etic
f
lu
x
d
ir
ec
tio
n
in
t
h
e
air
-
g
ap
is
r
ad
ial
b
etwe
en
s
t
ato
r
an
d
r
o
to
r
.
B
u
t,
in
AFMs,
th
e
co
n
d
u
cted
ar
e
ar
r
an
g
e
d
in
r
ad
ial
d
ir
ec
tio
n
to
s
h
af
t
ax
is
a
n
d
t
h
e
f
lu
x
in
air
g
ap
is
ax
ial
to
s
h
af
t
ax
is
.
Hen
ce
,
th
ese
m
ac
h
i
n
es
ar
e
k
n
o
wn
as
AFMs.
T
h
ese
asp
ec
ts
ar
e
well
illu
s
tr
ated
in
th
e
F
ig
u
r
e1
.
T
h
e
s
tato
r
s
o
f
AFMs
ar
e
o
f
r
in
g
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
an
d
its
r
o
to
r
is
d
is
c
s
h
ap
ed
.
T
h
is
d
is
c
s
h
ap
e
o
f
th
e
r
o
to
r
y
ield
s
f
o
r
lo
w
r
o
to
r
in
er
tia,
h
ig
h
ac
ce
ler
atio
n
an
d
m
ak
es
th
e
m
o
to
r
to
c
o
m
e
to
t
h
e
r
est
r
ap
id
ly
wh
ich
is
ap
t
f
o
r
r
o
b
o
tic
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
Fu
r
th
er
,
th
e
air
g
ap
o
f
AFM
is
p
lan
ar
an
d
ad
ju
s
tab
le.
T
h
e
m
ain
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
th
at
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
in
th
e
d
esig
n
o
f
ax
ial
an
d
r
ad
ial
f
lu
x
m
ac
h
in
es a
r
e
h
ig
h
lig
h
ted
in
th
e
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
It
is
co
n
v
en
ien
t
to
u
s
e
th
e
r
ad
i
al
f
lu
x
(
R
F)
m
ac
h
in
es
in
F
ig
u
r
e
2
(a
)
wh
e
n
th
e
λ
R
v
alu
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
to
r
s
is
g
r
ea
ter
th
an
1
b
ein
g
λ
R
is
th
e
r
atio
o
f
m
o
to
r
o
v
er
all
ax
i
al
len
g
th
to
th
e
m
o
to
r
ex
te
r
n
a
l
d
iam
eter
(
λ
R
=L
t/
D0
)
.
T
h
e
AF
m
ac
h
in
es
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
(b
)
ar
e
attr
ac
ti
v
e
f
o
r
f
lat
g
eo
m
etr
ies
(
λ
A
=L
e/Dt
<0
.
3
)
with
h
ig
h
p
o
le
n
u
m
b
e
r
s
.
Ap
ar
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
o
n
e
s
id
e
m
a
g
n
etic
p
u
ll
a
n
d
co
m
p
lex
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
in
g
te
ch
n
iq
u
es,
th
e
o
th
er
r
ea
s
o
n
s
f
o
r
AFMs
to
n
o
t
g
ain
m
u
ch
p
o
p
u
lar
ity
d
u
r
in
g
in
itial
s
tag
e
ar
e
h
u
g
e
o
n
e
s
id
e
th
r
u
s
t
o
r
ax
ial
m
ag
n
etic
p
u
ll
-
o
n
b
ea
r
in
g
s
,
in
cr
ea
s
ed
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
co
s
t,
ass
em
b
lin
g
c
o
m
p
licat
io
n
s
an
d
k
ee
p
in
g
ai
r
-
g
ap
u
n
if
o
r
m
a
n
d
s
tab
le.
T
h
e
co
n
tact
s
u
r
f
ac
e
b
et
wee
n
r
o
to
r
an
d
s
h
af
t
d
o
es n
o
t
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
th
e
s
am
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
p
o
wer
o
u
tp
u
t.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Dim
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
(
a)
r
a
d
ial
f
lu
x
an
d
(
b
)
ax
ial
f
l
u
x
m
a
ch
in
es
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
13
,
No
.
1
,
M
ar
c
h
20
22
:
84
-
92
86
2.
AXIA
L
F
L
UX
M
ACH
I
NE
S
-
T
YP
E
S
T
h
e
b
r
ief
ca
te
g
o
r
izatio
n
o
f
a
x
i
al
f
lu
x
m
ac
h
i
n
es
is
:
−
Per
m
an
en
t
m
ag
n
et
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
m
ac
h
in
es
−
Asy
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
o
r
i
n
d
u
ctio
n
m
ac
h
in
es
−
I
n
ter
io
r
p
er
m
an
e
n
t m
ag
n
et
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
m
ac
h
i
n
es
Dep
en
d
in
g
u
p
o
n
th
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
o
f
f
lu
x
,
win
d
in
g
ar
r
a
n
g
em
en
t
an
d
m
ag
n
et
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
,
th
e
AFMs
ar
e
class
if
ied
.
2
.
1
.
P
er
m
a
nent
m
a
g
net
s
y
nc
hro
no
us
AF
M
s
T
h
e
to
p
o
lo
g
ical
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
s
b
etwe
en
a
s
in
g
le
an
d
m
u
ltip
le
air
-
g
ap
s
p
er
m
a
n
en
t
-
m
a
g
n
et
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
m
ac
h
in
e
(
PMSM)
m
ac
h
in
es
ar
e
h
ig
h
lig
h
te
d
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
in
ter
n
al
s
tato
r
an
d
e
x
ter
n
al
r
o
to
r
(
I
SER)
an
d
ex
ter
n
al
s
tato
r
an
d
in
ter
n
al
r
o
to
r
(
E
SIR)
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
ar
e
th
e
two
d
is
tin
ct
ty
p
es
o
f
m
u
ltip
le
air
g
ap
ax
ial
f
lu
x
m
ac
h
in
es.
I
n
s
in
g
le
air
g
ap
m
a
ch
in
es
h
av
e
s
in
g
le
s
tato
r
an
d
s
in
g
le
r
o
to
r
wh
ich
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
a)
.
T
h
ese
I
SER ty
p
e
m
ac
h
in
es h
av
e
g
o
t
‘
N’
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
tato
r
s
an
d
‘
(
N
+1
)
’
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
o
to
r
s
.
I
n
t
h
is
p
atter
n
,
th
e
s
tato
r
is
s
an
d
wich
ed
b
etwe
en
two
r
o
to
r
s
an
d
th
is
ar
r
a
n
g
em
en
t
m
ak
e
s
th
e
en
d
win
d
i
n
g
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
h
o
r
ter
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
b
)
.
Hen
ce
,
t
h
e
ef
f
ici
en
cy
g
ets
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
a
n
d
,
t
h
e
E
SIR
ty
p
es
h
a
v
e
(
N+
1
)
s
tato
r
s
an
d
N
r
o
to
r
s
.
Als
o
,
r
o
t
o
r
is
l
o
ca
ted
b
etwe
en
two
s
tato
r
s
.
Als
o
b
ec
a
u
s
e
o
f
lar
g
e
en
d
win
d
in
g
o
n
s
tato
r
th
e
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
m
ac
h
in
e
is
v
er
y
l
ess
as c
o
m
p
ar
ed
with
th
e
I
SE
R
ty
p
e.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Sin
g
le
ai
r
-
g
ap
an
d
m
u
lti air
-
g
ap
AFM
B
y
th
e
way
th
e
f
lu
x
d
ir
ec
te
d
in
th
e
s
tato
r
,
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
o
f
I
SER
ar
e
N
-
N
(
n
o
r
th
-
n
o
r
th
)
ty
p
e
an
d
NS
(
n
o
r
th
-
s
o
u
th
)
ty
p
e
an
d
th
ese
clea
r
ly
r
ep
r
esen
te
d
in
Fig
u
r
e4
.
T
h
e
s
tato
r
co
r
e
i
n
NN
ty
p
e
m
ac
h
in
e
m
u
s
t b
e
v
er
y
b
r
o
ad
to
p
r
o
m
o
t
e
th
e
r
etu
r
n
f
lu
x
p
ath
.
T
h
e
f
lu
x
d
ir
ec
tio
n
in
th
e
air
-
g
ap
is
ax
ial
an
d
in
s
tato
r
co
r
e
it
is
ax
ial
an
d
r
ad
ial.
T
h
e
s
tato
r
o
f
th
e
NS
ty
p
e
I
SER
h
as
lap
win
d
in
g
an
d
t
h
is
lap
win
d
in
g
l
ea
d
s
to
h
av
e
m
o
r
e
co
p
p
er
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
f
lu
x
is
ax
ially
d
ir
ec
ted
in
b
o
th
s
tato
r
co
r
e
an
d
air
g
ap
i
n
NS
ty
p
e
I
SER.
I
t
r
eq
u
ir
es
less
s
tato
r
co
r
e
d
u
e
t
o
lar
g
e
en
d
win
d
i
n
g
.
Als
o
,
th
e
I
SER
ty
p
e
m
ac
h
in
es
ar
e
f
u
r
th
er
ca
teg
o
r
ize
d
in
to
-
s
lo
tted
an
d
n
o
n
-
s
lo
tted
ty
p
es
.
T
h
e
NN
ty
p
e
to
p
o
lo
g
y
ex
is
ts
in
non
-
s
lo
tted
ty
p
e
ax
ial
m
ac
h
in
e
wh
er
e
as
b
o
th
NN
an
d
NS ty
p
es a
v
ailab
le
in
s
lo
tted
ty
p
e
AFMs.
Fro
m
af
o
r
em
en
tio
n
e
d
class
if
icatio
n
v
ar
io
u
s
ty
p
es
o
f
PMSM
an
d
I
n
d
u
ctio
n
m
ac
h
in
es
ar
e
ex
tr
ac
ted
.
T
h
e
PMSM
ar
e
ag
ain
d
iv
i
d
ed
in
to
two
ty
p
es,
−
Su
r
f
ac
e
m
o
u
n
ted
p
er
m
an
e
n
t
m
ag
n
et
(
SMPM)
−
I
n
ter
io
r
p
er
m
an
e
n
t m
ag
n
et
PMSM.
T
h
e
SMPM
ar
e
two
ty
p
es
-
s
lo
tted
o
r
n
o
n
-
s
lo
tted
.
T
h
ese
m
a
ch
in
es
ar
e
u
s
ed
with
h
ig
h
en
er
g
y
m
ag
n
et
s
.
T
h
e
f
lu
x
d
ir
ec
tio
n
is
f
r
o
m
s
o
u
th
to
n
o
r
th
as
s
h
o
wn
in
F
ig
u
r
e
5
.
F
ig
u
re
4
.
TORUS
NN
-
ty
p
e
S
M
P
M
m
a
c
h
in
e
F
ig
u
re
5
.
TORUS
NN
-
ty
p
e
S
M
P
M
m
a
c
h
in
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
N
o
ve
l a
xia
l flu
x
ma
ch
in
es to
p
o
lo
g
y
a
s
s
ess
men
t a
n
d
th
eir fea
s
ib
le
a
p
p
lica
tio
n
s
(
K
a
lp
a
n
a
A
n
u
ma
la
)
87
T
o
o
v
er
co
m
e
th
e
lim
itatio
n
s
o
f
p
er
m
a
n
en
t
m
ag
n
et
m
ac
h
in
es
an
d
t
o
p
r
ev
en
t
th
e
d
em
ag
n
etizin
g
ar
m
atu
r
e
cu
r
r
en
ts
,
a
n
ew
ax
i
al
f
lu
x
SMPM
m
ac
h
in
e
h
as
b
ee
n
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
e
d
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
e
f
ield
win
d
in
g
is
ar
r
an
g
e
d
b
etwe
en
th
e
two
s
tato
r
co
r
es
an
d
p
er
m
an
e
n
t
m
ag
n
ets
an
d
ir
o
n
p
iece
s
ar
e
ac
c
o
m
m
o
d
ated
o
n
r
o
t
o
r
.
T
h
e
air
-
g
ap
f
lu
x
ca
n
b
e
r
e
g
u
l
ated
b
y
v
a
r
y
in
g
t
h
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
p
a
s
s
in
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
f
ield
win
d
i
n
g
.
T
h
is
to
p
o
lo
g
y
is
ca
lled
f
ield
co
n
tr
o
lled
PM
m
ac
h
in
e
to
p
o
lo
g
y
an
d
t
h
e
co
n
c
ep
t
is
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
e
Fig
u
r
e6
s
h
o
ws
f
ield
co
n
tr
o
lled
SMPM
m
ac
h
in
e
with
s
in
g
le
s
tato
r
an
d
d
u
al
r
o
to
r
a
x
ial
f
lu
x
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
t
o
r
(
AFI
M)
.
T
h
e
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
g
e
n
er
ato
r
s
a
r
e
class
if
ied
as
(
i)
g
ea
r
ed
d
r
iv
e
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
an
d
(
ii)
d
ir
ec
t
d
r
iv
e
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
[
1
3
].
T
h
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
r
ad
ial
f
lu
x
m
ac
h
in
es
h
av
e
th
e
d
r
awb
ac
k
s
o
f
h
ig
h
in
er
tia,
lo
w
to
r
q
u
e
to
v
o
lu
m
e
r
atio
,
lo
n
g
ax
ial
len
g
th
;
t
h
e
a
x
ial
-
f
lu
x
p
er
m
a
n
en
t
-
m
a
g
n
et
(
AFPM)
m
ac
h
in
es
ar
e
p
r
e
f
er
r
ed
f
o
r
d
ir
ec
t
d
r
iv
e
win
d
tu
r
b
in
es.
T
h
e
s
lo
ts
less
ty
p
e
AFPM
m
ac
h
in
es
ar
e
d
r
a
w
in
g
atten
tio
n
in
th
e
d
ir
ec
t
c
o
u
p
lin
g
wh
ee
l
ty
p
e
m
o
to
r
s
in
elec
tr
ic
o
r
h
y
b
r
id
ca
r
s
with
p
o
wer
elec
tr
o
n
ic
in
ter
f
ac
e
av
o
i
d
in
g
th
e
en
g
i
n
e
an
d
m
ec
h
an
ical
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
.
2
.
2
.
I
nd
uct
io
n o
r
a
s
y
nchro
no
us
AF
M
s
Gen
er
ally
,
th
e
a
x
ial
f
lu
x
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
ac
h
in
es
ar
e
o
f
eit
h
e
r
s
in
g
le
air
g
a
p
ty
p
e
o
r
d
u
al
air
-
g
ap
ty
p
e
.
T
h
ese
m
ac
h
in
es
ar
e
o
f
s
lo
tted
ty
p
e
wh
ich
ca
r
r
ies
th
r
ee
p
h
ase
win
d
in
g
.
I
n
d
u
al
r
o
to
r
an
d
s
in
g
le
s
tato
r
ty
p
e
m
ac
h
in
es,
th
e
two
in
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t
r
o
to
r
s
d
r
i
v
e
at
two
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
lo
ad
s
wh
ic
h
g
iv
e
two
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
p
ee
d
s
.
T
h
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
in
AFI
M
ar
e
s
lo
tted
NN
an
d
s
lo
tted
N
S
ty
p
e
as
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
T
h
e
co
r
e
o
f
a
n
AFI
M
ca
n
b
e
o
f
s
o
lid
ty
p
e
o
r
lam
in
ated
ty
p
e.
I
t is u
s
u
ally
b
u
ilt with
s
tr
ip
wo
u
n
d
cir
cu
lar
co
r
e
an
d
its
s
lo
ts
ar
e
r
ad
ially
p
u
n
ch
ed
.
R
o
to
r
is
m
a
n
u
f
ac
tu
r
e
d
u
s
in
g
lam
i
n
ated
s
teel
o
r
s
o
lid
s
teel.
T
h
ese
ar
e
l
am
in
ated
to
r
e
d
u
ce
th
e
ed
d
y
cu
r
r
e
n
ts
in
th
e
c
o
r
e.
Fo
r
h
ig
h
s
p
ee
d
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
th
e
s
o
lid
r
o
to
r
is
s
elec
ted
s
in
ce
th
e
lam
in
ated
s
teel
h
as we
ak
m
ec
h
an
ical
p
r
o
p
e
r
ty
[
1
4
]
-
[
1
7
].
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Field
c
o
n
tr
o
lled
SM
PM
AFI
M
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Slo
tted
NS a
n
d
NN
-
ty
p
e
AFI
M
I
n
m
an
y
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
th
e
g
ea
r
b
o
x
es
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
g
et
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
r
o
tatio
n
al
s
p
ee
d
f
o
r
th
e
m
ac
h
in
e.
B
y
r
ep
lacin
g
g
ea
r
b
o
x
with
elec
tr
ic
m
o
to
r
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
m
ain
ten
an
ce
co
s
t
an
d
als
o
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
s
p
ac
e
wh
ich
im
p
r
o
v
es
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
m
ac
h
in
e.
T
h
is
ca
n
b
e
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
u
s
in
g
ax
ial
f
lu
x
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
ac
h
in
e
.
T
h
e
twin
r
o
to
r
ax
ial
f
lu
x
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
s
with
two
in
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
t
s
h
af
ts
with
s
in
g
le
co
n
v
er
ter
is
em
p
lo
y
e
d
b
y
r
ep
l
ac
i
n
g
en
g
in
e
an
d
th
e
m
ec
h
an
i
ca
l d
if
f
er
en
tial in
tr
ad
itio
n
al
in
-
wh
ee
l m
o
to
r
s
with
two
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t p
o
wer
elec
tr
o
n
ic
co
n
v
er
ter
s
in
elec
tr
ic
v
e
h
icles.
Gen
er
ally
,
f
o
r
lo
w
p
o
wer
d
o
m
esti
c
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
s
in
g
le
p
h
ase
ax
ial
f
lu
x
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
s
ar
e
ad
ap
ted
.
T
h
e
lo
w
p
o
wer
d
o
m
esti
c
ap
p
licatio
n
s
ar
e
lik
e
f
an
s
,
p
u
m
p
s
an
d
f
o
o
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
s
,
s
in
ce
in
th
ese
m
ac
h
in
es
th
e
r
o
to
r
is
in
teg
r
ated
with
th
e
r
o
tatin
g
m
ec
h
an
ical
lo
ad
.
T
h
e
AFI
M
ar
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
i
ate
ch
o
ice
f
o
r
h
ig
h
s
p
ee
d
an
d
s
er
v
o
ap
p
licatio
n
s
s
in
ce
th
ese
m
ac
h
in
es
ar
e
d
esi
g
n
ed
t
o
h
a
v
e
s
m
aller
o
r
lar
g
e
r
in
er
tia
[
1
8
]
,
[
1
9
]
.
Du
e
to
ex
ce
llen
t
m
ec
h
an
ical
a
n
d
d
y
n
am
ical
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
lig
h
t
c
o
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
p
r
o
p
er
ti
es
o
f
AFI
M
m
ak
es
th
e
ax
ial
f
lu
x
in
d
u
ctio
n
p
o
s
s
ib
le.
No
wad
ay
s
th
e
ax
ial
f
lu
x
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
s
ar
e
in
cr
e
asin
g
ly
u
s
ed
with
v
ar
i
ab
le
s
p
ee
d
d
r
iv
es
o
f
v
er
y
p
o
wer
r
atin
g
s
.
Als
o
,
s
o
lid
r
o
t
o
r
ax
ial
f
lu
x
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
a
ch
i
n
e
is
m
o
r
e
s
u
itab
le
o
p
tio
n
to
in
teg
r
ate
with
a
d
iesel e
n
g
in
e
tu
r
b
o
c
h
ar
g
er
with
a
s
p
ee
d
o
f
1
3
0
Kr
p
m
.
3.
CO
M
P
ARI
SO
N
B
E
T
WE
E
N
AF
M
AND
RF
M
T
h
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
b
etwe
en
R
FM
an
d
AFM
ar
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
e
d
u
s
in
g
th
e
“sizin
g
eq
u
atio
n
s
”.
T
h
ese
eq
u
atio
n
s
r
ep
r
esen
t
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
wer
P
R
as
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
o
v
er
all
v
o
lu
m
e
o
f
th
e
m
ac
h
in
e.
T
h
e
s
izin
g
eq
u
atio
n
s
f
o
r
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
r
ad
ial
an
d
ax
ial
f
lu
x
m
ac
h
i
n
es
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
p
r
esen
ted
in
th
is
p
ap
e
r
.
Fo
r
Per
m
a
n
en
t m
a
g
n
et
ax
ial
f
l
u
x
m
ac
h
i
n
es:
T
h
e
p
er
m
a
n
en
t m
a
g
n
et
AFMs a
n
d
R
FMs s
izin
g
eq
u
atio
n
s
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
b
elo
w
:
Fo
r
r
ad
ial
f
lu
x
m
ac
h
in
es
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
13
,
No
.
1
,
M
ar
c
h
20
22
:
84
-
92
88
P
R
=
1
1
+
K
∅
m
m1
∏
2
K
e
K
i
K
p
η
B
g
A
f
p
λ
o
2
D
o
2
L
e
(1
)
wh
er
e
,
asp
ec
t r
atio
f
o
r
r
a
d
ial
f
lu
x
m
ac
h
in
e
is
k
l
=
L
e
D
g
,
Fo
r
ax
ial
f
lu
x
m
ac
h
in
es
,
P
R
=
1
1
+
K
∅
m
m1
∏
2
K
e
K
i
K
p
η
B
g
A
f
p
(
1
−
λ
2
)
1
+
λ
2
D
o
3
(2
)
th
e
m
ac
h
in
e
p
o
wer
d
e
n
s
ity
eq
u
atio
n
f
o
r
to
tal
v
o
lu
m
e
is
g
iv
e
n
b
y
(
f
o
r
r
ad
ial
f
lu
x
m
ac
h
i
n
es)
,
=
4
2
(
3
)
h
er
e
,
th
e
to
tal
le
n
g
th
o
f
th
e
m
a
ch
in
e=
L
t in
th
e
a
x
ial
d
ir
ec
tio
n
.
Fo
r
ax
ial
f
lu
x
m
ac
h
i
n
es
,
=
4
2
(
4
)
wh
er
e
,
Dt
=
T
h
e
to
tal
o
u
ter
d
ia
m
eter
o
f
th
e
m
ac
h
in
e.
T
h
e
s
tack
o
u
ter
d
iam
eter
an
d
p
r
o
tr
u
s
io
n
in
clu
d
es
to
tal
o
u
ter
d
iam
eter
f
r
o
m
th
e
ir
o
n
s
tack
in
r
ad
ial
d
ir
ec
tio
n
.
T
o
id
en
tify
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
d
e
n
s
ity
o
f
A
F
m
ac
h
in
es,
t
h
e
Per
m
a
n
en
t
m
ag
n
et
a
x
ial
f
lu
x
m
ac
h
in
e
with
s
in
g
le
s
tato
r
a
n
d
twin
r
o
to
r
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
h
as
b
e
en
ex
am
in
e
d
.
I
n
th
is
d
iam
ete
r
r
atio
(
λ
)
p
lay
s
an
im
p
o
r
tan
t
r
o
le.
T
h
e
n
o
m
in
al
p
o
wer
an
d
r
o
tatio
n
al
s
p
ee
d
o
f
t
h
e
m
ac
h
in
e
is
1
2
KW
an
d
7
0
0
r
p
m
with
n
u
m
b
er
p
o
les
N=
8
.
T
h
e
p
o
wer
d
e
n
s
ity
an
d
a
x
ial
len
g
h
a
r
e
in
v
er
s
ely
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
wh
ich
is
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
T
h
e
Fig
u
r
e
9
s
h
o
ws
th
e
p
o
wer
d
e
n
s
ity
v
ar
iatio
n
with
d
iam
eter
r
a
tio
λ
at
co
n
s
tan
t f
lu
x
d
en
s
ity
i
n
air
g
ap
(
0
.
8
T).
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
Po
wer
d
en
s
ity
Vs ax
ial
len
g
th
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
Po
wer
d
en
s
ity
Vs d
i
am
eter
r
atio
(
λ
)
T
o
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
AF
m
ac
h
in
es
,
th
e
d
iam
eter
r
atio
m
u
s
t
b
e
ch
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.
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.
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r
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l
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d
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m
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h
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es
:
T
h
e
s
izin
g
eq
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atio
n
s
f
o
r
Sin
g
le
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g
ap
a
x
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f
lu
x
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n
d
u
ctio
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m
ac
h
in
es:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
N
o
ve
l a
xia
l flu
x
ma
ch
in
es to
p
o
lo
g
y
a
s
s
ess
men
t a
n
d
th
eir fea
s
ib
le
a
p
p
lica
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n
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a
lp
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n
a
A
n
u
ma
la
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R
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IM
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2
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φ
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w
B
g
A
f
p
(
D
O
+
D
i
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2
(
D
O
−
D
i
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η
cos
∅
r
(5
)
T
h
e
s
izin
g
eq
u
atio
n
s
f
o
r
d
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al
air
g
ap
ax
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x
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d
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n
m
ac
h
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es:
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R
(
IM
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=
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2
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2
8
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φ
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w
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g
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f
p
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i
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cos
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8
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w
K
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g
A
f
p
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i
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L
e
η
cos
∅
r
(
I
n
ter
m
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f
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e
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(
6
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AP
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T
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L
F
L
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S
T
h
e
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ial
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lu
x
m
ac
h
in
es
h
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e
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ee
n
u
s
ed
in
m
an
y
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t
o
m
o
ti
v
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ap
p
licatio
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s
s
u
ch
as
elec
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eh
icles
an
d
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y
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tem
s
.
T
h
ey
h
av
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
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es
f
o
r
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r
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in
to
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y
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id
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ain
s
wh
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e
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le
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g
th
i
s
lim
ited
d
u
e
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th
eir
d
is
k
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lik
e
d
esig
n
.
4
.
1
.
Wind
ener
g
y
co
nv
er
s
io
n sy
s
t
em
s
(
WE
CS)
T
h
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
W
E
C
S,
th
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
g
en
er
ato
r
s
ar
e
co
u
p
led
with
m
u
lti
-
s
tag
e
g
ea
r
b
o
x
wh
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ca
u
s
es
f
o
r
m
ec
h
an
ical
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lo
s
s
es.
T
h
is
lets
th
e
s
y
s
tem
ef
f
icien
cy
to
f
all.
T
h
e
m
u
lti
s
tag
e
t
r
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
y
s
tem
s
(
g
ea
r
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b
o
x
)
h
av
e
alwa
y
s
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
lo
s
s
es
an
d
th
e
ty
p
ical
r
an
g
e
o
f
th
ese
lo
s
s
es
h
av
e
b
ee
n
r
ep
o
r
ted
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etwe
en
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
5
-
1
0
%.
T
o
m
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im
ize
th
ese
lo
s
s
e
s
an
d
also
to
lim
i
t th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
tag
es
to
s
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g
le,
th
e
ax
ial
f
lu
x
in
d
u
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n
g
en
er
at
o
r
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
in
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lace
o
f
co
n
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tio
n
al
in
d
u
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n
g
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er
ato
r
s
o
r
d
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u
b
le
-
f
e
d
i
n
d
u
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g
e
n
er
ato
r
s
(
DFI
G
s
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.
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h
e
m
o
r
e
n
u
m
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er
o
f
p
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les
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n
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e
ac
co
m
m
o
d
ated
i
n
its
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tato
r
s
in
ce
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ial
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lu
x
m
ac
h
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ar
e
d
esig
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t
o
h
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v
e
s
m
aller
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ial
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g
th
a
n
d
lar
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er
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iam
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r
.
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,
th
e
r
o
to
r
ca
n
o
p
e
r
ate
at
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s
y
n
ch
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u
s
s
p
ee
d
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
th
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m
ac
h
in
es
ar
e
b
est
s
u
ite
d
f
o
r
win
d
en
er
g
y
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
s
y
s
tem
s
.
In
win
d
tu
r
b
i
n
e,
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t p
o
wer
is
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
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to
s
q
u
ar
e
o
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th
e
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lad
e
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g
th
.
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h
e
in
c
r
ea
s
e
in
p
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u
tp
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t
in
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E
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r
eq
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ir
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o
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th
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l
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h
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u
s
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f
o
r
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s
e
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e
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s
t
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o
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n
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d
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wer
s
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o
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h
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ce
o
r
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in
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r
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s
e
th
e
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wer
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u
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t
in
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S,
th
e
T
R
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M
is
b
es
t
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itab
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u
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ac
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e.
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h
e
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wer
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m
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e
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e
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s
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ce
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ciate
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wer
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o
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m
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n
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ate
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a
th
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r
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to
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s
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ca
p
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S
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-
th
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r
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to
r
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n
tr
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T
C
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u
s
ed
in
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
Fig
u
r
e1
0
s
h
o
ws
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
T
R
AFI
M
in
w
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en
er
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y
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n
v
er
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io
n
s
y
s
tem
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n
th
e
p
r
o
p
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s
ed
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y
s
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to
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m
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ate
th
e
r
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wer
,
T
SC
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T
C
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ty
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e
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s
em
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h
e
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t
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t
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s
o
f
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o
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e
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R
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an
d
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R
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e
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m
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a
r
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d
s
im
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latio
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r
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in
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
In
T
R
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th
e
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u
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t
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r
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h
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r
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h
e
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
s
h
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t
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t
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e
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r
e
1
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e
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o
m
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e
n
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atio
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f
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ac
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d
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t
T
SC
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T
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R
[
2
1
]
,
[
2
2
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
3
s
h
o
ws
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ar
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n
o
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ctiv
e
p
o
wer
w.
r
.
t
p
o
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er
f
ac
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d
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o
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t
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C
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r
.
t
s
p
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d
with
T
SC
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T
C
R
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Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
I
m
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
twin
r
o
to
r
AFI
G
in
W
E
C
S
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
13
,
No
.
1
,
M
ar
c
h
20
22
:
84
-
92
90
F
ig
u
re
1
1
.
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t
p
u
t
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o
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r
o
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si
n
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le air
g
a
p
a
n
d
TRA
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IG
F
ig
u
re
1
2
.
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o
we
r
fa
c
to
r
with
a
n
d
with
o
u
t
T
S
C
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TCR
Fig
u
r
e
1
3
.
R
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
o
f
T
R
AFI
G
with
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d
with
o
u
t SVC
4
.
2
.
E
lect
ric
v
ehicle
a
pp
lica
t
io
ns
T
h
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
I
C
en
g
in
e
v
eh
icle
ca
u
s
es
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
d
am
ag
e
an
d
i
n
-
ef
f
icien
t
u
til
izatio
n
o
f
en
er
g
y
.
T
h
ese
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
v
eh
icles
in
v
o
lv
es
b
u
l
k
y
a
n
d
h
ea
v
y
m
ec
h
a
n
ical
d
if
f
er
en
tial
wh
ich
ca
u
s
es
m
ec
h
an
ical
lo
s
s
es
an
d
u
ltima
t
ely
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
ef
f
icien
cy
m
ay
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
[
2
3
]
,
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
e
elec
t
r
ical
v
eh
icles
g
iv
es
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
s
o
lu
tio
n
to
th
ese
f
o
r
em
en
tio
n
ed
d
r
awb
ac
k
s
an
d
also
th
e
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
in
cr
ea
s
es.
I
n
elec
tr
ic
v
eh
icle,
th
e
T
R
AFI
M
is
u
s
ed
as
a
p
r
o
p
u
ls
io
n
m
o
to
r
.
T
h
e
a
x
ial
f
lu
x
p
er
m
a
n
e
n
t
m
ag
n
et
m
ac
h
i
n
e
p
r
o
v
id
es
h
ig
h
to
r
q
u
e
d
e
n
s
ities
with
h
ig
h
e
n
er
g
y
m
a
g
n
ets
a
n
d
lar
g
e
air
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g
ap
.
T
h
is
n
o
v
el
T
R
AFI
M
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
b
o
th
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
o
f
e
n
g
in
e
a
n
d
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
tial in
s
in
g
le
d
r
i
v
e
u
n
lik
e
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
o
f
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
I
C
en
g
in
e
v
eh
icles.
T
h
e
Fig
u
r
e1
4
s
h
o
w
s
twin
r
o
to
r
ax
ial
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l
u
x
in
d
u
ct
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n
m
o
t
o
r
with
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d
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er
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t
s
h
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ts
d
r
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g
two
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
r
o
t
o
r
s
.
T
h
e
r
o
to
r
1
r
o
tates with
s
p
ee
d
N1
r
p
m
a
n
d
r
o
t
o
r
2
r
o
tates with
s
p
ee
d
N2
r
p
m
[
25
]
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
Fig
u
r
es
1
5
a
n
d
1
6
d
e
p
icts
th
e
in
s
tan
tan
e
o
u
s
v
alu
es
o
f
to
r
q
u
es
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d
s
p
ee
d
s
ex
er
ted
b
y
th
e
two
r
o
to
r
s
d
u
r
in
g
a
cu
r
v
a
tu
r
e
m
o
tio
n
o
f
th
e
v
e
h
icle.
Fig
u
r
e
1
5
s
h
o
ws
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
r
o
to
r
in
s
tan
tan
eo
u
s
s
p
ee
d
with
tim
e
in
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
o
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1
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
I
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t J Po
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E
lec
&
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,
Vo
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13
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No
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