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I
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8
694
IJ
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1
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A
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s
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eg
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0
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3
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0
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5
L
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PEDS
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
694
Desig
n
a
n
d
I
m
p
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r
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Sim
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R
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Val
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Desig
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I
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2088
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8
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IJ
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Vo
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I
J
PEDS
I
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2088
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8
694
Desig
n
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m
p
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r
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d
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r
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s
h
o
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i
m
p
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e
m
en
tatio
n
o
f
I
AC
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w
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o
m
p
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n
en
t
s
d
etails.
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o
w
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e
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an
g
e
o
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o
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s
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
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s
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g
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te
n
tial
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iv
id
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it.
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s
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g
th
is
lo
w
d
c
v
o
ltag
e
w
h
ich
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s
co
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p
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w
it
h
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er
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ce
d
c
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e
(
L
M3
2
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)
.
T
h
e
PI
co
n
tr
o
ller
w
as
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
u
s
i
n
g
L
M3
2
4
,
ca
p
ac
ito
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an
d
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
r
e
s
is
ta
n
ce
.
P
I
co
n
tr
o
ller
o
u
tp
u
t
a
n
d
r
ec
t
if
ied
o
u
tp
u
t
s
ig
n
als
ar
e
m
u
ltip
lied
b
y
u
s
in
g
m
u
ltip
lier
A
D6
3
3
.
Af
ter
th
e
m
u
l
tip
lied
o
u
tp
u
t
s
i
g
n
al
a
n
d
r
a
m
p
s
ig
n
al
(
NE
5
5
5
)
is
s
u
m
m
ed
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
s
ig
n
al
o
f
th
i
s
o
p
er
atio
n
al
a
m
p
li
f
ier
,
w
h
ic
h
ac
t
as
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
c
u
r
r
en
t
f
o
r
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
in
d
u
cto
r
cu
r
r
en
t.
B
o
th
s
ig
n
als
ar
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
u
s
i
n
g
L
M3
1
1
an
d
g
en
er
ate
t
h
e
P
W
M
p
u
ls
e.
M
C
T
2
E
an
d
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
w
h
ic
h
is
ac
t
a
s
a
n
o
p
to
-
co
u
p
ler
an
d
d
r
iv
er
cir
cu
it f
o
r
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
MO
S
FET
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
W
av
ef
o
r
m
s
o
f
i
n
p
u
t
cu
r
r
en
t
w
it
h
lo
ad
ch
an
g
e
f
r
o
m
1
0
0
o
h
m
to
2
0
0
o
h
m
Fig
u
r
e
1
2
.
A
n
alo
g
I
m
p
le
m
en
t
atio
n
o
f
I
A
C
M
C
6.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
NS
1.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
f
o
r
P
FC
B
B
C
h
as
b
ee
n
s
u
cc
e
s
s
f
u
ll
y
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
an
d
i
m
p
le
m
en
te
d
in
r
ea
l ti
m
e.
2.
T
h
e
I
A
C
M
C
is
u
s
ed
at
in
n
er
lo
o
p
to
r
eg
u
late
th
e
i
n
p
u
t
c
u
r
r
en
t
an
d
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
,
w
h
ic
h
h
as
t
h
e
ad
v
an
tag
e
s
o
v
er
th
e
p
ea
k
cu
r
r
en
t
a
n
d
h
y
s
ter
es
is
cu
r
r
e
n
t
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
s
u
ch
as
t
h
e
r
o
b
u
s
t
n
es
s
w
h
e
n
th
er
e
ar
e
lar
g
e
v
ar
iatio
n
s
in
li
n
e
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
o
u
tp
u
t lo
ad
.
3.
T
h
e
PI
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
im
p
le
m
e
n
ted
at
o
u
ter
lo
o
p
,
w
h
ic
h
p
r
o
d
u
ce
th
e
ex
ce
lle
n
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
r
e
g
u
la
tio
n
f
o
r
B
B
C
u
n
d
er
d
if
f
er
en
t c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
.
4.
T
h
e
P
I
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
s
ettin
g
s
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
g
ain
(
K
p
)
an
d
in
teg
r
al
ti
m
e
(
T
i
)
ar
e
d
esig
n
ed
u
s
in
g
Z
eig
ler
Nich
o
ls
t
u
n
in
g
m
e
th
o
d
[
8
]
-
[
9
]
b
y
ap
p
l
y
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
tep
test
to
(
3
)
to
o
b
tain
S
-
s
h
ap
ed
cu
r
v
e
o
f
s
tep
r
esp
o
n
s
e
o
f
B
B
C
.
5.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
is
I
AC
M
C
is
ad
v
an
ta
g
eo
u
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
p
ea
k
cu
r
r
en
t
m
o
d
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
in
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
w
h
e
n
th
e
li
n
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
is
c
h
a
n
g
i
n
g
lar
g
el
y
.
6.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
tech
n
iq
u
e
o
f
f
er
s
d
ef
in
i
te
b
en
ef
i
ts
o
v
er
th
e
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
an
d
it
is
ea
s
y
to
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
,
is
ea
s
y
to
i
m
p
le
m
en
t,
a
n
d
d
r
a
w
s
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
in
p
u
t
cu
r
r
en
t
f
r
o
m
AC
s
o
u
r
ce
f
o
r
an
y
DC
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
co
n
d
it
io
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8
694
IJ
PEDS
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
1
6
:
1
0
0
4
–
1
0
1
1
1010
7.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
a
n
d
ex
p
er
i
m
en
tal
r
es
u
lts
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
th
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
an
al
y
s
i
s
an
d
t
h
u
s
v
er
if
ied
th
e
f
ea
s
ib
ili
t
y
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
v
er
to
r
to
p
o
lo
g
y
.
8.
T
h
e
Si
m
u
latio
n
s
r
es
u
lt
s
s
h
o
ws
a
n
ea
r
l
y
u
n
it
y
p
o
w
er
f
ac
to
r
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
li
n
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
is
at
v
ar
io
u
s
r
an
g
es
an
d
th
e
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
r
es
u
lts
al
s
o
v
er
if
ied
t
h
e
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
w
o
r
k
.
9.
Fig
u
r
e
1
2
s
h
o
w
s
th
at
T
HD
ch
an
g
e
litt
le
u
s
i
n
g
q
u
asi
I
AC
MC,
th
e
P
F
s
ta
y
s
at
ab
o
u
t
9
6
.
4
8
%,
b
u
t
T
HD
I
n
cr
ea
s
e
m
u
c
h
w
it
h
th
e
li
n
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
p
ea
k
cu
r
r
en
t
m
o
d
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
th
e
w
o
r
s
t
P
F
Dec
r
ea
s
es
to
9
1
%.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
J.
S
u
n
,
W
.
C.
W
u
,
a
n
d
R.
Ba
ss
,
“
L
a
rg
e
-
sig
n
a
l
c
h
a
ra
c
te
riza
ti
o
n
o
f
sin
g
le
p
h
a
se
PF
C
c
irc
u
it
s
wit
h
d
i
ff
e
re
n
t
typ
e
s
o
f
c
u
rr
e
n
t
c
o
n
tr
o
l”
,
in
P
ro
c
.
I
EE
E
A
p
p
l.
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
.
Co
n
f
.
(A
P
EC’9
8
),
1
9
9
8
,
p
p
.
6
5
5
–
6
6
1
.
[2
]
C.
Zh
o
u
a
n
d
M
.
M
.
J
o
v
a
n
o
v
ic,
“
De
sig
n
tr
a
d
e
-
o
ff
s
i
n
c
o
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
c
u
rr
e
n
t
mo
d
e
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
d
b
o
o
s
t
p
o
we
r
-
fa
c
to
r
c
o
rr
e
c
ti
o
n
c
irc
u
it
s”
,
in
P
ro
c
.
HF
P
C’
9
2
,
1
9
9
2
,
p
p
.
2
0
9
–
2
2
0
.
[3
]
L
.
H.
Dix
o
n
,
“
Av
e
ra
g
e
c
u
rre
n
t
-
m
o
d
e
c
o
n
tro
l
o
f
sw
it
c
h
in
g
p
o
we
r
su
p
p
li
e
s”
,
in
U
n
it
ro
d
e
P
o
w
e
r
S
u
p
p
ly
De
si
g
n
Ha
n
d
b
o
o
k
.
Ne
w
Yo
rk
:
M
c
-
G
ra
w
-
Hill
,
1
9
9
0
.
[4
]
J.B.
W
il
li
a
m
s,
“
De
sig
n
o
f
fee
d
b
a
c
k
lo
o
p
in
u
n
it
y
p
o
we
r
fa
c
to
r
a
c
to
d
c
c
o
n
v
e
rte
r
”
,
in
P
r
o
c
.
P
ES
C’8
9
,
1
9
8
9
,
p
p
.
959
–
9
6
7
.
[5
]
K.
S
m
e
d
le
y
a
n
d
S
.
Cu
k
,
“
On
e
-
c
y
c
le
c
o
n
tro
l
o
f
switc
h
in
g
c
o
n
v
e
rte
rs
”
,
in
P
ro
c
.
IEE
E
P
ES
C’
9
1
,
1
9
9
1
,
p
p
.
8
1
4
–
8
2
0
.
[6
]
F
ra
se
r,
M
.
E.
,
a
n
d
M
a
n
n
i
n
g
,
C.
D
,
“
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
A
v
e
ra
g
e
c
u
rre
n
t
M
o
d
e
C
o
n
tr
o
ll
e
d
P
W
M
In
v
e
rter
w
it
h
Hig
h
Cre
st F
a
c
to
r
L
o
a
d
”
,
Po
we
r E
le
c
tr
o
n
ics
a
n
d
Va
ri
a
b
le S
p
e
e
d
Dr
ive
s,
26
-
2
8
Oc
to
b
e
r
1
9
9
4
,
c
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
P
u
b
l
ica
ti
o
n
N
o
.
3
9
9
,
IEE
,
p
p
.
6
6
1
-
6
6
6
.
[7
]
L
.
G
u
o
,
J.Y.
Hu
n
g
a
n
d
R.
M
.
Ne
lms
,
"
D
e
sig
n
a
n
d
imp
le
me
n
ta
t
io
n
o
f
a
d
i
g
it
a
l
PID
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
r
fo
r
a
b
u
c
k
c
o
n
v
e
rte
r
,
"
P
r
o
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
3
6
th
I
n
ters
o
c
i
e
t
y
En
e
rg
y
Co
n
v
e
rsio
n
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
,
Ju
ly
/
A
u
g
u
st
(2
0
0
1
),
V
o
l.
1
,
p
p
.
187
-
1
9
2
.
[8
]
H.
M
in
g
z
h
i
a
n
d
X
.
Jia
n
p
in
g
,
"
No
n
li
n
e
a
r
P
ID
in
Dig
it
a
l
Co
n
tro
ll
e
d
Bu
c
k
Co
n
v
e
rters
"
,
Ap
p
li
e
d
p
o
we
r
e
lec
tro
n
ics
c
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
AP
EC
2
0
0
7
,
2
5
F
e
b
-
1
M
a
rc
h
(2
0
0
7
),
A
n
a
h
e
in
CA
USA,
p
p
.
1
4
6
1
-
1
4
6
5
.
[9
]
A
.
J.
F
o
re
y
th
a
n
d
S
.
V
.
M
o
ll
o
v
,
"
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
a
n
d
c
o
n
tro
l
o
f
Dc
-
Dc
c
o
n
v
e
rters
"
,
IEE
E
Po
we
r
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
J
o
u
rn
a
l
,
V
o
l
.
1
2
n
o
.
5
,
(1
9
9
8
),
p
p
2
2
9
-
2
3
6
.
[1
0
]
M
a
h
d
a
v
i,
A
.
Em
a
d
i,
H.A
.
T
o
li
y
a
t,
“
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
o
f
S
tate
S
p
a
c
e
Av
e
ra
g
in
g
M
e
th
o
d
to
S
li
d
i
n
g
M
o
d
e
C
o
n
tr
o
l
o
f
P
W
M
DCD
C
C
o
n
v
e
rters
”
,
IEE
E
In
d
u
stry
Ap
p
li
c
a
t
io
n
s
S
o
c
iety
An
n
u
a
l
M
e
e
ti
n
g
Ne
w
Or
lea
n
s
,
L
o
u
si
a
n
a
,
Oc
to
b
e
r
5
-
9
,
(
1
9
9
7
),
p
p
.
8
2
0
-
8
2
7
.
[1
1
]
Y.C.
Ji
a
n
d
M
.
W
.
S
h
a
n
,
”
A
n
o
v
e
l
th
re
e
p
h
a
se
A
C/DC
c
o
n
v
e
rter
w
it
h
o
u
t
f
o
rn
t
-
e
n
d
f
il
ter
b
a
se
d
o
n
a
d
ju
sta
b
le
tri
a
n
g
u
lar
-
w
a
v
e
P
W
M
tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
Po
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
,
M
a
rc
h
-
1
9
9
9
.
[1
2
]
B.
S
in
g
h
,
B
.
N.
S
i
n
g
h
,
A
.
Ch
a
n
d
ra
,
a
n
d
D.
P
.
K
o
th
a
ri
,
”
A
re
v
ie
w
a
t
sin
g
le
P
h
a
se
im
p
ro
v
e
d
P
o
w
e
r
q
u
a
li
ty
Ac
-
Dc
c
o
n
v
e
rters
,
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
s.
I
n
d
u
stria
l
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
Oc
t,
2
0
0
[1
3
]
H.
M
in
g
z
h
i
a
n
d
X
.
Jia
n
p
in
g
,
"
No
n
li
n
e
a
r
P
ID
in
Dig
it
a
l
Co
n
tro
ll
e
d
Bu
c
k
Co
n
v
e
rters
"
,
Ap
p
li
e
d
p
o
we
r
e
lec
tro
n
ics
c
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
AP
EC
2
0
0
7
,
2
5
F
e
b
-
1
M
a
rc
h
(2
0
0
7
),
A
n
a
h
e
in
CA
USA,
p
p
.
1
4
6
1
-
1
4
6
5
.
[1
4
]
A
.
J.
F
o
re
y
th
a
n
d
S
.
V
.
M
o
ll
o
v
,
"
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
a
n
d
c
o
n
tro
l
o
f
Dc
-
Dc
c
o
n
v
e
rters
"
,
IEE
E
Po
we
r
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
J
o
u
rn
a
l
,
V
o
l
.
1
2
n
o
.
5
,
(1
9
9
8
),
p
p
2
2
9
-
2
3
6
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S
O
F
AUTH
O
RS
D.
J
a
y
a
h
a
r
w
a
s
b
o
r
n
i
n
Dh
a
rm
a
p
u
ri,
I
n
d
ia
o
n
Ju
ly
2
7
,
1
9
7
3
.
H
e
re
c
e
i
v
e
d
th
e
B.
E
d
e
g
re
e
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
P
.
S
.
G
.
Co
ll
e
g
e
o
f
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
Co
im
b
a
to
re
,
In
d
ia,
in
1
9
9
5
,
a
n
d
th
e
M
.
E
d
e
g
re
e
f
ro
m
Co
ll
e
g
e
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
G
u
in
d
y
,
A
n
n
a
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
In
d
ia,
in
2
0
0
7
.
Cu
rre
n
tl
y
,
h
e
is
p
u
rsu
in
g
P
h
D
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
p
o
w
e
r
e
le
c
tro
n
ics
a
t
th
e
sc
h
o
o
l
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
De
p
t.
,
J.N.T
.
U,
Ka
k
in
a
d
a
,
I
n
d
ia.
His
f
ield
o
f
in
tere
st
in
c
l
u
d
e
s
c
u
rre
n
t
c
o
n
tro
l
lers
d
e
sig
n
f
o
r
a
c
-
d
c
c
o
n
v
e
rters
,
m
o
d
e
li
n
g
o
f
p
o
w
e
r
c
o
n
v
e
rters
,
m
a
tri
x
c
o
n
v
e
rter,
h
ig
h
p
o
w
e
r
fa
c
to
r
c
o
n
v
e
rters
,
m
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
c
o
n
v
e
rters
,
a
n
d
In
v
e
rters
.
He
h
a
s au
t
h
o
re
d
m
o
re
th
a
n
8
p
a
p
e
rs p
u
b
li
s
h
e
d
i
n
in
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
a
n
d
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
p
ro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s an
d
p
r
o
f
e
ss
io
n
a
l
jo
u
r
n
a
ls.
DR.
R.
R
a
n
i
h
e
m
a
m
a
li
n
i
w
a
s
b
o
rn
in
k
u
m
b
a
k
o
n
a
m
,
In
d
ia
o
n
Ja
n
u
a
ry
1
4
th
,
1
9
6
9
.
S
h
e
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
B.
E
d
e
g
re
e
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
A
la
g
a
p
p
a
Ch
e
tt
iar
c
o
ll
e
g
e
o
f
e
n
g
g
&
tec
h
,
k
a
ra
i
k
u
d
i,
In
d
ia
in
1
9
9
0
,
a
n
d
th
e
M
.
E
d
e
g
re
e
f
ro
m
Re
g
io
n
a
l
e
n
g
g
.
c
o
ll
e
g
e
,
T
rich
irap
a
ll
i,
In
d
ia,
i
n
1
9
9
7
,
a
n
d
sh
e
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
P
h
.
D
in
t
h
e
f
ield
o
f
c
o
n
tro
l
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
Re
g
io
n
a
l
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
c
o
ll
e
g
e
T
iru
c
h
irap
p
a
ll
i,
In
d
ia
in
2
0
0
3
.
He
r
f
ield
o
f
in
tere
st
in
c
lu
d
e
s
c
o
n
v
e
rters
,
se
l
f
tu
n
i
n
g
P
ID
c
o
n
tr
o
ll
e
rs,
De
sig
n
o
f
p
o
rtab
le
a
rc
w
e
ld
in
g
tran
sf
o
r
m
e
rs,
stu
d
ies
o
n
tw
o
p
h
a
se
f
lo
w
th
ro
u
g
h
A
p
ip
e
a
n
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l
v
a
lv
e
in
se
ries
,
a
n
d
o
th
e
r
i
n
stru
m
e
n
tatio
n
sy
ste
m
s.
.
S
h
e
h
a
s
a
u
th
o
re
d
m
o
re
th
a
n
1
8
p
a
p
e
rs
p
u
b
li
sh
e
d
in
in
tern
a
ti
o
n
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