Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of
P
ow
er El
ectron
i
cs a
n
d
Drive
S
ys
te
m
(I
J
PE
D
S
)
Vo
l.
10
,
No.
1
,
Ma
rch
201
9
, p
p.
351
~
356
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ij
peds
.
v
10
.i
1
.
pp
351
-
356
351
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
escore.c
om/j
ourn
als/i
ndex.
ph
p/IJPE
D
S
An over
view of d
esig
nin
g
an ind
uction he
atin
g syste
m for
domesti
c appl
icat
ions
V.
Geet
ha
1
,
V.
Siv
achid
ambara
nath
an
2
Depa
rtment
o
f
E
le
c
tri
c
al a
nd
Ele
ct
roni
cs
Engi
n
eering,
Sa
th
y
ab
ama
Insti
tut
e
of
Sc
i
enc
e
and
T
ec
hno
log
y
(
Dee
m
ed
to
be
Univer
sit
y
)
,
Indi
a
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Oct
1
3
, 201
8
Re
vised
N
ov
2
1
, 2
01
8
Accepte
d
Dec
3
, 2
01
8
The
inhe
r
ent
be
nef
it
of
the
ind
uct
ion
he
at
ing
s
y
stem
leads
to
usage
in
the
dom
esti
c
appl
i
c
at
ions.
Th
e
des
ign
par
t
of
the
coi
l
has
to
be
ac
cur
a
tel
y
m
ani
pula
t
ed
to
have
high
l
y
qual
ified
s
y
s
te
m
.
Discuss
ion
on
the
customisati
on
of
the
coil
and
the
conve
rt
er
se
ct
io
n
is
e
la
bor
at
ed
such
th
at
t
h
e
design
rela
y
ing
on
the
loa
d
v
ariati
on
,
t
y
p
e
of
c
oil
,
r
ating
req
u
i
red
for
th
e
spec
ified
app
lica
ti
on.
Thus
th
e
p
ape
r
d
iscusses
a
bout
the
design
req
uire
m
ent
on
the
dom
esti
c
induction
appl
i
ca
t
ions,
d
epi
c
ti
n
g
the
criter
ia
to
be
sat
isfied
and
the
result
s
a
re
ver
ifi
ed
using
the
AC
-
AC
con
ver
te
r
fed
induc
t
ion
heating
s
y
stem
with
the
hel
p
of
the
eq
uiva
l
ent
ci
rcu
it
of
the
working
coi
l
and
th
e
work pi
ece.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Wor
king c
oil
Wor
k piece
Copyright
©
201
9
Ins
t
it
ut
e
o
f
Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
e
er
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
V.
Geetha
,
Re
search
Sc
hola
r,
Sathya
bam
a Insti
tute of
Scie
nc
e an
d
Tec
hnol
og
y,
Chen
nai
119
,
Ind
ia
.
Em
a
il
:
geethasen
dray
28@
gma
il
.co
m
1
,
sivachidam
bar
am
_eee@yah
oo.com
2
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Ind
uction
heati
ng
is
a
proce
ss
us
ed
world
wi
de
f
or
a
cl
ean
env
i
ronm
ent.
The
de
sig
n
procedu
re
of
a
heati
ng
c
oil
play
s
a
m
ajo
r
pa
rt
of
the
in
du
ct
ion
heati
ng
a
ppli
cat
ion
s.
T
he
re
are
three
places
wh
e
re
inducti
on
heati
ng
is
a
pp
l
ie
d
in
dom
est
i
c
areas,
m
edical
areas
a
nd
fi
na
ll
y
in
industri
es.
T
he
cl
assifi
cat
ion
is
acc
or
ding
to
the
watt
age
re
qu
i
red
f
or
the
sp
eci
fied
a
pp
li
cat
ion
f
or
dom
est
ic
app
li
cat
ion
the
m
axi
m
u
m
watt
age
require
d
is
on
ly
2
k
il
owat
ts
[
1].
T
he
requ
irem
ent
fo
r
des
ign
in
g
an
in
duct
ion
c
oil
f
or
dom
est
ic
app
li
cat
ion
is
a
naly
s
ed
a
nd
el
aborated
[
2
]
.
The
in
novate
d
inducti
on
heati
ng
te
c
hnology
is
us
ed
i
n
the
a
pp
li
cat
io
ns
li
ke
inducti
on
m
el
ti
ng
,
forg
i
ng,
harde
ning,
et
c
.,
es
pe
ci
al
ly
in
the
fiel
d
of
m
edic
ine
he
at
ing
of
the
bio
l
og
ic
al
ti
ssu
es
at
a
pro
per
tem
per
at
ur
e
for
treat
m
ent
of
the
tum
ou
r
a
nd
canc
er
patie
nts
duri
ng
he
m
oth
erap
y.
Ba
sic
al
ly
,
the
inducti
on
heati
ng
p
r
oces
s
requires
a
co
pp
e
r
coil
su
r
roundin
g
a
m
et
allic
wo
rk
piece.
Ther
e
is
a
la
rg
e
ga
p
betwee
n
the
coil
an
d
the
w
ork
piece
to
ha
ve
a
fr
ee
m
ov
em
ent
of
heat
energy.
T
he
t
her
m
al
insu
la
ti
on
is
pro
vid
e
d
to
the
coil
so
that
the
rad
ia
te
d
heat
losses
in
the
coil
ar
e
reduced
[3
]
.
The
fl
ux
pro
du
ce
d
by
the
coil
gen
e
rat
es
the
heat
ene
rg
y
t
o
the
w
ork
piece
an
d
the
re
will
be
par
al
le
l
pat
hs
of
t
he
fl
ux
to
fl
ow.
W
it
h
r
espect
to
t
he
fl
ow
of
the
flu
x
is
accor
ding
the
c
urr
ent
flo
w
.the
t
otal
flux
de
pe
nd
s
on
the
ai
r
gap
flu
x,
c
oil
f
lux
,
wor
k
piec
e
flux.
Accor
dingly
,
the
e
qu
i
valent
c
ircuit
is
de
rive
d
a
nd
t
he
desig
n
crit
eria
for
th
e
resist
ance
a
nd
the
i
nducta
nc
e
an
d
the
oth
e
r
pa
ra
m
et
er
are
fo
ll
ow
e
d
in
the
f
ollow
i
ng
sect
i
on.
The
re
are
three
areas
to
co
ncen
t
rate
on
th
e
inducti
on
hea
ti
ng
;
t
hey
are
powe
r
el
ect
r
onic
ci
rc
uit,
m
agn
et
ic
c
om
ponen
ts
,
a
nd
m
od
ulati
on
a
nd
c
on
t
ro
l
strat
egies.
T
he
researc
h
m
os
tly
carried
on
th
e
power
el
ect
r
on
ic
ci
rc
uit
to
sh
ow
the
bette
r
perf
or
m
ance
[
4
]
.
T
o
i
m
pr
ove
the
he
at
ing
an
d
to
reduce
the
ha
r
m
on
ic
con
te
nt
i
n
the
produc
ed
outp
ut
m
o
du
la
ti
on
an
d
c
on
t
ro
l
strat
egies
are
c
on
ce
ntrate
d,
by
this
the p
er
form
ance
of
t
he
syst
e
m
is
i
m
pr
ov
e
d
m
uch
.
T
he
m
agn
et
ic
pro
per
ti
es
play
a
m
ajo
r
r
ole
in
the
heati
ng
c
oncept
tha
t
is
the
thickne
ss
of
t
he
co
ppe
r
coil,
ty
pe
of
t
he
coil,
s
ha
pe
of
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
I
nt J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
Syst
, Vol.
10
, No
.
1
,
Ma
rch
2019
:
351
–
356
352
coil
us
ed
deci
des
the
am
ou
nt
of
energy
to
be
pro
du
ce
d
a
nd
the
heati
ng
syst
e
m
[
5
]
.
The
sta
te
of
art
of
the
rev
ie
w
is
t
o
pro
vid
e
a
know
le
dg
e
on
desi
gn
i
ng
in
duct
io
n
heati
ng
syst
e
m
fo
r
the
bel
ow
m
entioned
data.
Si
m
il
arly
,
fo
r
the
hi
gher
val
ues
of
t
he
te
m
per
at
ur
e
an
d
quantit
y
the
syst
e
m
can
be
de
sign
e
d.
T
he
s
ol
ution
pr
e
ferred
i
n
th
e
wor
k
is
that
le
ss
thick
ness
i
s
the
coil
hi
gher
the
heat
ene
rg
y
produce
d
a
nd
t
he
thic
ker
t
he
coil
le
sser
the
ene
r
gy
pro
du
ce
d.
The
ot
her
iss
ue
to
be
co
nce
ntrated
is
that
th
e
sel
ect
ion
of
the
switc
h
a
nd
t
he
powe
r
ci
rc
uit
dev
el
op
e
d
f
or
the
in
du
ct
in
g
heati
ng
syst
em
.
Th
e
ne
xt
factor
t
o
be
c
onsidere
d
when
de
signi
ng
an
in
du
ct
io
n
he
at
ing
syst
em
is
the
powe
r
ci
rcu
it
topolo
gy
,
there
a
re
dif
f
eren
t
to
polo
gies
e
m
plo
ye
d
f
or
the
sp
eci
fied
a
ppli
cat
ion
,
util
it
y
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
to
be
co
nverte
d
to
hi
gh
fr
e
que
ncy
since
it
is
the
high
f
re
quency
app
li
cat
io
n
[
6
]
.
Co
nversi
on
c
an
be
ca
rr
ie
d
ou
t
with
ei
ther
sin
gle
sta
ge
or
m
ulti
sta
ge
pros
a
nd
co
ns
of
th
e
sta
ge
c
onversi
on
el
ab
or
at
e
d
and
sin
gle
sta
ge
co
nv
e
r
sio
n
le
adin
g
to
bette
r
perform
ance
of
the
syst
e
m
[
7
]
.
The
eff
ic
ie
ncy
of
t
he
syst
em
depends
on
t
he
pa
ram
et
ers
li
ke
the
siz
e
of
t
he
pan,
heati
ng
s
urface,
desi
gn
of
t
he
powe
r
ci
rcu
it
topolo
gy
in
ad
diti
on
to
th
e
w
orkin
g
coil
pa
r
a
m
et
ers
i.e.,
th
ic
kn
ess
of
t
he
c
oil,
m
a
te
rial
of
th
e
coil
an
d
et
c]
.Th
e
c
onve
rsion
pr
ocess
ca
n
be
AC
-
DC
-
A
C
or
DC
-
AC
or
directl
y
A
C
–
AC
et
c
[
8
-
12
]
.T
he
pr
e
ferred
one
will
be
directl
y
AC
-
AC
c
on
ver
si
on,
since
we
ha
ve
m
inim
u
m
nu
m
ber
of
s
witc
hes
,
co
m
plexit
y
of
co
ntr
olli
ng
the
powe
r
ci
rc
ui
t
will
be
r
ed
uc
ed
[
13
]
,[
14
]
T
he
fo
ll
owin
g
F
igures
represe
nt
few
to
po
l
og
ie
s
that
can
be
us
e
d
f
or
dom
est
ic
inducti
on
heati
ng
app
li
cat
io
ns
.
I
n
the
m
ulti
stag
e
we
ha
ve
dif
fer
e
nt
schem
es
so
that
con
t
ro
l
par
am
et
er can be
v
a
rie
d from
p
art to
par
t.
2.
DESIG
N
CONSI
DER
ATI
ON OF THE
HEATIN
G S
YS
TE
M
Qu
a
ntit
y of wa
te
r:
1
Lit
re
Tem
per
at
ur
e:
100˚ Cel
ci
us
Ma
te
rial
to
be
us
e
d
f
or
heati
ng: cast
ir
on
The
de
sig
n
pr
ocedu
re
f
or
de
sign
i
ng
a
c
oil
total
ly
dep
en
ds
on
or
sim
il
ar
to
the
ge
ner
at
or
windin
g
desig
n.
T
he
to
ta
l
ou
tc
om
e
o
f
the
process
de
pende
nt
on
the
desi
gn
of
the
coil
in
the
inducti
on
heati
ng
t
he
water t
o be
hea
te
d
with
a ir
on
base
.
2.1.
Power
req
uire
d
f
or
b
oili
ng
1
li
tre
of
w
ater
to 10
0
de
gree
cel
ci
us
1
li
tre
of
water
= 10
00 gram
s
Appro
xim
at
e
ly w
ei
gh
of the
ir
on is
400 g
∆T
=
85˚C (1
00
-
15) ˚
C
Sp
eci
fic
heat c
apacit
y of wate
r
=
4.184 J
/
g˚
C
Sp
eci
fic
heat c
apacit
y of i
r
on
= 0
.
450 J/
g˚C
Power re
qu
i
red is assum
ed
to
be 100
0w
at
ts
Jo
ule
=
watt
s * tim
e
Total
en
e
r
gy =
en
e
rg
y
require
d
to
h
eat
water
+ en
e
r
gy r
e
qu
i
red by ir
on.
Ti
m
e = a
m
ou
n
t of heat
requir
ed
/p
ower
=[[4.
184*10
00*85]+[
400*0.4
50*85]]
/100
0
= 370.9
4 sec
≈ 371sec
2.2.
Ca
lc
ul
at
i
on
of
curren
t
req
uire
d
Vr
m
s/√2
=
Vp
e
ak/2π
I
= P
* 2π/
(√2*Vp
ea
k)
= 10.
32A
The
s
witc
h
i
n
the
po
wer
sup
ply
ci
rcu
it
re
quire
a
c
urre
nt
of
10.
32
A
an
d
a
pea
k
vo
lt
a
ge
of
215*
√2 =3
04.
0Volts
.
The
el
ect
rical
equ
i
valent
of
t
he
in
duct
io
n
c
oil
com
pr
ise
s
of
resist
a
nce,
i
nductance
,
a
nd
capaci
ta
nce
for reso
natin
g
t
he
in
duct
ance
.
Vo
lt
age
appli
e
d
=
304.3
v
Current
dr
a
w
n by the
switc
h
= 10.
32
am
ps
Re
so
na
nt
fr
e
quency =
23 KHz
Sw
it
chin
g fr
e
quency =
23 K
Hz
The
e
quivale
nt
v
al
ue
s fo
r
the
work
i
ng c
oil ar
e evaluate
d
as
Capacit
an
ce
:
Q
= C
V
=
2
C = 0
.23
4µF
Ind
uct
an
ce
:
Ѡ
²=
1/LC
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
Syst
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
An overvi
ew
of d
esi
gn
i
ng an i
nductio
n hea
ti
ng system
for
dom
est
ic
applic
ations
(
V.
Geet
ha
)
353
L =
1/ Ѡ
²C
L =
1
(
2
)
²
=20.46m
H
The
switc
hi
ng
fr
eq
ue
ncy
of
the
ci
rcu
it
is
c
ho
s
en
acco
r
din
g
to
the
re
quirem
ent
i.e.,
for
the
pow
e
r
rati
ng
<
2KW,
switc
hing
fr
e
quency
t
o
be
c
hose
n
betwee
n
20K
hz
to
10
0Khz
,it
s
hould
al
so
be
c
om
par
ed
with
the
res
onant
ci
rcu
it
or
a
bette
r
pe
rfo
rm
ance.
W
it
h
res
pect
to
the
l
oad
the
operati
ng
fr
e
quency
is
c
hose
n
as
23K
hz.op
e
rati
ng freq
ue
ncy is ch
os
e
n
a
fter
cal
culat
ing
t
he reso
natin
g fr
e
quency
of the
equivale
nt
ci
rcu
it
.
It
is
im
po
rtant
to
co
ns
i
der
t
he
pro
per
desi
gn
of
a
c
oil
to
fit
the
need
of
t
he
load
.
T
he
de
sign
of
the
coil
de
pe
nd
s
on
s
ha
pe
of
the
coil,
thic
kn
e
ss
of
the
coil,
nu
m
ber
of
tu
rn
s
,
sk
in
ef
fect,
pro
xim
it
y
eff
ect
e
tc
.
I
n
the
case
we
ha
ve
ta
ken
pa
n
c
ake
c
oil
is
pr
e
ferred
with
a
f
la
t
su
r
face
t
o
bo
il
t
he
water
to
a
100˚C.
Ge
ner
al
ly
pan
ca
ke
coil
he
at
s
from
on
l
y
one
si
de
or
s
urface
of
the
in
sect
io
n
t
o
t
he
w
ork
piece.
Pr
oxim
ity
eff
e
ct
is
no
t
hing,
bu
t
m
agn
et
ic
fiel
d
a
m
on
g
the
ad
j
a
cent
co
nducto
r
s.
The
c
oil
or
t
he
li
tz
wire
m
ade
of
co
pper
wh
ic
h
act
s as a goo
d cond
ucto
r
to
tr
ansf
e
r heat
e
ne
rg
y.
Ene
r
gy ef
f
ic
ie
nt p
a
n
ca
ke
co
il
as s
how
n i
n
Fig
ure
1.
The pri
nciple
be
hind the
IH a
pp
li
cat
io
n
is el
ect
ro
m
agn
et
ic
inducti
on,
(1)
Figure
1.
Ene
r
gy ef
fici
ent
pa
n
ca
ke
c
oil
Pr
e
par
at
io
n
of
the
coil
requir
ed
kn
ow
i
ng
w
hat
the
ty
pe
w
ire
to
be
use
d
is;
so
li
d
wire
c
reates
m
or
e
energy
loss
w
hich
re
duces
the
ef
fici
ency
of
the
syst
em
,
so
it
is
bette
r
to
pr
e
fer
m
ult
ist
ran
d
li
tz
wir
e
fo
r
a
energy
eff
ic
ie
nt
inducti
on
he
at
ing
syst
e
m
for
dom
est
ic
pu
r
pose
[
1
5].
T
he
fr
e
quency
r
ang
e
of
a
li
tz
wire
ranges
f
ron
20
to
50
KH
z
,
the
siz
e
var
ie
s
betwee
n
30
to
36A
WG.S
iz
es
are
sel
ect
ed
de
pe
nd
i
ng
on
the
app
li
cat
io
n.
The
m
agn
et
ic
fiel
d,
in
du
ce
d
in
the
coil
wh
e
n
energize
d,
cr
eat
es
an
edd
y
current
to
pas
s
through
th
e
work
piece
an
d
gi
ve
rise
to
the
heati
ng
ef
f
ect
.
This
ed
dy
current
is
co
nc
en
trat
ed
on
the
pe
rip
her
al
of
the
thickne
ss als
o ca
ll
ed
as s
kin d
epth.
(2)
µ=perm
eabil
ity of the c
oil
ρ=
el
ect
rical
r
esi
sti
vity
in
Ωm
f=appli
ed fre
quency i
n Kh
z
The
m
agn
et
ic
flu
x
co
ntr
ol
pl
ay
s
a
key
ro
le
in
optim
al
coi
l
design.
T
he
work
i
ng
coil
and
t
he
w
ork
piece
ar
ra
ng
e
m
ent
are
c
ons
idere
d
as
the
t
ran
s
f
or
m
er
arra
ng
em
ent
i.e.,
w
orkin
g
c
oil
as
pri
m
ary
and
wor
k
piece
as
seco
ndary.
We
need
a
m
ulti
turn
c
yl
ind
rical
coil
with
m
agn
et
ic
flu
x
co
nce
ntr
at
or
.
Fig
ur
e
2
sh
ow
m
ul
ti
tur
n
cy
li
ndrical
co
il
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
I
nt J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
Syst
, Vol.
10
, No
.
1
,
Ma
rch
2019
:
351
–
356
354
Figur
e
2. Mult
i t
urn
cy
li
ndrica
l coil
Local c
on
t
ro
ll
e
rs
ca
n be
us
e
d at
the end o
f
th
e coil t
o co
ntr
ol
te
m
per
at
ur
e
a
nd h
a
ndli
ng m
echan
ism
The
m
at
erial
= copp
e
r
Re
sist
ivit
y of
t
he
c
oppe
r=1.7
*10^
-
8
Ωm
Perm
eabil
ity=1
Nu
m
ber
of
stra
nd
s
=
19
Nu
m
ber
of
tu
rn
s
depen
ds
on
the
sp
a
ci
ng
betwee
n
the
couplin
gs
of
the
coil.
Fig
ur
e
3
sho
w
coupled
co
il
.
Figure
3. Co
uple
d
coil
(3)
Rou
t =
outer
ra
diu
s
of the
co
il
Ri
n
= in
ner ra
di
us
of
t
he
c
oil
Dwp
=
D
ia
m
eter
of
t
he wor
k piece
S = s
pacin
g be
tween t
he
c
oil t
urn
Now,
Len
gth
of the
c
oil =
(
+
)
Len
gth
of the
twist
ed
c
oil
=
ℎ
√
(
1
+
(
)
²
)
D
b
=diam
et
er of
the
bu
nd
le
d
r
adius
P=Pit
ch of
the
coil
If
t
her
e
is m
ini
m
u
m
o
f
10 twi
sts i
n
the
co
il
,
inductance
is
giv
en
as
Ind
uctance
of
t
he
c
oil =N
2
R
2
/
(8
R+
11W)
N=total
num
ber
of
t
urns
R=
rad
iu
s
of
t
he
sp
iral
c
oil
W=D
e
pth o
f
t
he
co
il
in
i
nc
hes
To
c
oncl
ude
w
it
h,
Eq
uiv
al
ent i
nductance
of the
work
i
ng c
oil = induct
anc
e
of
the co
il
+
m
utu
al
inductance
Wh
e
re M= R/
2 pi F
Re
sist
ance of t
he
c
oil:
R
esi
sta
nce of
t
he
c
oil de
pe
nds on
t
he
le
ngth
,
cr
os
s secti
onal
area a
nd r
e
sist
ivit
y of
t
he
c
oil
(4)
(5)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
Syst
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
An overvi
ew
of d
esi
gn
i
ng an i
nductio
n hea
ti
ng system
for
dom
est
ic
applic
ations
(
V.
Geet
ha
)
355
α
= te
m
per
at
ur
e co
e
ff
ic
ie
nt.
ρ
(T
)
=
resist
ivit
y of gi
ven tem
per
at
ur
e.
ρ
(T
o)
=
resist
ivi
ty
o
f
a
am
bient te
m
per
at
ure.
Wh
en
the tem
per
at
ur
e
va
ries
r
esi
sta
nce
of t
he
c
oil va
ries.
R
T
= R
0
t
f
T
f
=
tem
per
at
ur
e fact
or
R
0
= resista
nce
of am
bient tem
per
at
ur
e
R
COIL
= R* r
COIL
/2δ
COIL
R
coil =
rad
ius
of
the wo
rk
i
ng coi
l
δ
COIL
= p
enet
ra
ti
on
dep
t
h
of th
e wor
king c
oil
To
ha
ve
a
pr
op
e
r
an
d
ef
fic
ie
nt
bo
il
in
g
point
of
a
m
a
t
erial
the
heat
trans
fer
s
houl
d
ha
ve
hi
gh
cond
uction,
m
od
e
rate
c
onve
ct
ion
a
nd
le
ss
rad
ia
ti
on.
Hi
gh
e
r
the
heat
trans
fer
l
owe
rs
the
c
ooki
ng
ti
m
e
.
Tem
per
at
ur
e
is
the
pro
per
ty
of
the
m
at
er
ia
l
i
nd
e
pe
nd
e
nt
of
how
m
uch
the
qu
a
ntit
y
is.
He
at
or
the
rm
al
e
nergy
is a m
easur
e of
am
ou
nt of e
ne
rg
y i
n
a m
at
erial
.
Therm
al pro
pe
rti
es o
f
water:
1.
Heat ca
pacit
y =4.
2
J/
Kg
2.
The
rm
al
co
nductivit
y =
0.0
2
J/Sec
3.
Ef
fecti
ve
te
m
per
at
ur
e ra
ng
e= 3
2
-
21
2˚
F/
0
-
100˚
C
Imp
e
dance
mat
ching circuit
:
The
in
duct
io
n heati
ng appli
cat
ion
has
to
be d
rive
n
with
a m
axim
u
m
p
ow
er
so
tra
nsfer
of
powe
r
f
ro
m
the
coil
to
the
wo
r
k
piece
s
o
the
eq
uiv
al
e
nt
i
m
ped
ance
of
the
ci
rc
uit
has
to
be
determ
ined
on
ly
then
the
appr
opriat
e
i
m
ped
a
nce
m
at
c
hing
ci
rc
uit
can
be
c
hosen
to
yi
el
d
a
conj
ug
at
e
m
at
c
hing
to
the
operati
ng
fr
e
qu
e
ncy.
Al
ways
the
so
urc
e
i
m
ped
ance
is
m
uch
higher
than
the
loa
d
im
ped
ance.
Th
e
pr
im
ary
as
worki
ng
coil
and
seco
ndary
as
wor
k
pi
ece,
now
this
m
od
el
is
m
od
el
ed
in
te
r
m
s
of
an
eq
uiv
al
ent
c
ircuit
.
Fig
ur
e
4
sh
ow
m
at
ching
circ
ui
t.
Figure
4. Ma
tc
hing circ
uit
We
know that,
I
S
N
S
= I
P
N
P
If
t
he nu
m
ber
of turns
in
t
he se
co
nd
a
ry is c
on
si
der
e
d
a
s
1
I
S
= I
P
N
P
Power re
qu
i
red f
or
t
he wor
k p
ie
ce is I
2
R watt
s
P=(Ip
Np)2
R
(6)
(7)
δ
= s
kin de
pth
l
= le
ngth
of the
work
piece
Density
of
the
po
we
r
:
(8)
πD
= a
rea
of th
e cy
li
nd
er
P = Po
wer
pro
du
ce
d
i
n
the
c
oi
l (w
at
ts)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
I
nt J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
Syst
, Vol.
10
, No
.
1
,
Ma
rch
2019
:
351
–
356
356
Den
sit
y
of
the
powe
r
is
cal
c
ulate
d
to
kn
ow
t
he
distrib
utio
n
of
the
heat
e
ne
rg
y
or
the
fl
ux
in
the
w
ork
piece s
o
that t
he
eff
ect
of
heat d
ist
rib
uted
in
f
luencin
g
t
he
m
edium
can
be
c
la
rified.
3.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
Th
us
,
the
pap
e
r
de
picts
the
analy
sis
and
de
sign
of
the
in
duct
ion
c
oil
for
the
do
m
est
ic
app
li
cat
io
ns
and
t
he
po
wer
ci
rcu
it
of
t
he
sing
le
sta
ge
half
br
id
ge
sy
stem
is
sh
own
for
the
qu
al
it
at
ive
analy
sis
of
th
e
syst
e
m
. Th
e tre
m
end
ous im
pr
ovem
ent in th
e syst
e
m
i
s see
n
an
d
the r
esul
ts fo
r
the d
esi
gned
c
oil i
s i
m
p
os
e
d
in
the
sim
ulatio
n
and
show
n
i
n
the
ab
ove
F
ig
ures.
T
hus,
to
c
on
cl
ud
e
t
he
po
wer
ci
rc
uit
co
nf
i
gurati
on
sel
ect
io
n
al
so
play
s an
i
m
po
rtant role
i
n
a
naly
sis o
f
th
e d
esi
gn
e
d
syst
e
m
.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
Pradip
Kum
ar
S
adhu,
Pal
ash
Pal,
Nitai
Pa
and
Sourish
Sany
al,
“
Sele
ct
ion
of
Po
wer
Sem
ic
onduc
tor
Sw
it
che
s
in
M.H.B.
R.
I
.
Fitt
e
d
Induc
ti
on
Hea
te
r
for
Le
ss
Harm
onic
Inje
ction
in
Pow
er
Li
ne
”,
Inte
rnat
ional
Jo
urnal
of
Powe
r
El
e
ct
ronics
and
Dr
iv
e
Syst
em
(
IJ
PE
DS)
,
ISS
N:
2
088
-
8694,
Vol
.
6,
No.
1,
pp.
121
~128,
Marc
h
20
15
.
[2]
H.
Sarna
go
,
O.
Lucia
,
A.
M
e
dia
no,
and
J.M.
Burdio
,
“
Cla
ss
-
D/DE
dual
-
m
od
e
-
oper
a
ti
on
reso
nant
conve
rt
er
for
improved
-
eff
ic
i
ency
dom
estic
induc
ti
on
he
ating
s
y
stem”,
IE
EE
Tr
ans.
Powe
r
El
ectron
.
,
vol.
28,
no.
3,
pp.
1274
–
1285,
Mar.
2013
[3]
Kunapuli
sahi
ti
and
V.Geetha
,
”
Sim
ula
ti
on
of
serie
s
resona
n
t
inve
rt
er
using
p
ulse
density
m
o
dula
ti
on
”
A
RP
N
journal
of
engi
n
ee
ring a
nd
applied
sci
ences
,
ISS
N 1819
-
6608,
V
ol.
10,
No.7
,
pp.
3
045
-
3051,
April
2015
.
[4]
O.
Luc
í
a,
C.
C
a
rre
te
r
o
,
J.
M.
B
urdío,
J.
Ace
ro
,
and
F.
Alm
az
á
n,
“
Multi
ple
-
ou
tp
ut
resona
n
t
m
at
r
ix
conve
rt
er
for
m
ult
ipl
e
inducti
on
heate
rs,
”
I
EEE
Tr
ans.
Ind. Ap
pl
.
,
vol
.
48
,
no
.
4
,
pp
.
1387
–
1396
,
Jul./
Aug.
2012
[5]
V.
Sivac
h
ida
m
bar
anatha
n
,
“
High
fre
quen
c
y
isol
at
ed
serie
s
p
aral
le
l
re
sonant
con
ver
te
r
,
”
Indian
J
ournal
of
Sc
ie
n
c
e
and
technology
,
ISS
N (Print
)
:
09
74
-
6846
ISS
N (Onli
ne)
:
0974
-
5
645
,
Vol
8(15)
,
2015.
[6]
K
Selva
m
uthukumar,
M
Sathe
eswara
n,
A
Ramesh
Babu,
"S
ingl
e
phase
thi
rt
ee
n
level
inve
rt
er
with
red
uce
d
num
ber
of
sw
it
che
s
usin
g
diffe
r
ent
m
od
ula
ti
on
t
ec
hniqu
es",
ARPN
Journal
of
Engi
n
ee
ri
ng
and
Applied
Sci
en
ce
s
,
Vol.
1
0,
No.
22,
pp.
1045
5
-
10462
,
2015
.
[7]
Chudj
uar
j
ee
n,
S.
and
Koom
pai
,
C.
,
“
A
High
-
Fre
quency
Induc
ti
o
n
Cooker
using
Qus
ai
-
resona
nt
Convert
er’
’
,
EC
TI
-
Conf.
2007
pp.
3
78
-
381/2007.
[8]
V.Gee
tha,
V.Siv
ac
hid
ambara
na
t
han,
“
A
Single
sw
it
ch
par
al
l
el
quasi
resona
n
t
conve
rt
er
topo
lo
g
y
for
inductio
n
hea
t
ing
appl
i
cat
i
on”,
Int
ernati
o
nal
Journal
of
Powe
r
El
ectronics
and
Dr
iv
e
Syste
m
(
IJP
EDS)
,
IS
SN
:
2088
-
8694,
Vol
.
9,
no
.
4
,
Dec
ember
2018
,
pp
.
1718~1724.
[9]
H.
Sarna
go,
O.
Luc
ía,
A.
Media
no,
and
J.
M.
Burdío,
“
High
effic
ie
nc
y
par
a
ll
el
quasi
-
r
esona
nt
cur
r
ent
sourc
e
inve
rt
er
featuri
n
g
SiC
MOSF
ET
s
for
induc
ti
on
h
ea
t
ing
s
y
stems
with
coupl
ed
ind
uct
ors,”
IET
Po
wer
El
ectron
.
,
v
ol.
6,
no
.
1
,
pp
.
183
–
191,
Jan
.
2013
.
[10]
H.
W
.
Koert
ze
n
,
J.
A.
Ferre
ira,
and
J.
D.
van
W
y
k
,
“
A
comp
ara
t
ive
stud
y
o
f
single
sw
it
ch
i
nduct
ion
he
at
in
g
conve
rt
ers
using
no
vel c
om
pone
nt
ef
-
fe
ct
iv
ity
c
once
pts,
” in
I
EEE
P
ESC
,
pp.
298
–
305,
1992
.
[11]
V.
Sivac
hid
ambara
na
tha
n
.
2014.
“
Bi
-
Dire
ctiona
l
Serie
s
Para
llel
R
esona
nt
Converter
For
Pow
er
Fa
ct
or
Corre
ct
ion
,
”
Inte
rnational
Jo
urnal
of Appl
i
ed Engi
ne
ering
R
ese
arch
.
ISS
N 0973
-
4562,
V
ol
.
9,
No.21.
2014
.
[12]
A.Ra
m
esh
Babu, "Com
par
at
ive
a
naly
s
is of
ca
sca
d
ed
m
ult
il
ev
el
inv
ert
er
for
ph
ase
di
spos
it
ion
and
phase
shift
ca
rr
ier
PW
M
for
diffe
ren
t
loa
d",
Ind
ia
n
Journal
of
Scienc
e
and
Techn
ology
,
Vol
8(S7),
ISS
N
(
Print)
:
0974
-
6846
ISSN
(Online
) : 0974
-
5645
,
pp
.
251
-
262,
2015
.
[13]
Bishwaji
t
Saha
and
Ra
e
-
Young
Kim
,
“
High
Po
wer
Densit
y
Ser
ie
s
Resonant
Inv
ert
er
Us
ing
an
Auxili
ar
y
Sw
it
c
hed
Capa
c
it
or
Cell
for
Induc
ti
on
He
at
ing
Appli
ca
t
io
ns”,
IE
EE
Tr
ansacti
ons
on
Power
El
ec
troni
cs
,
vol.
29
(4),
pp.
1
-
3,
April
2014.
[14]
H.
Sarna
go
,
O.
Luc
ı
a,
A
.
Medi
a
no,
and
J.M.
Bu
rdıo,
“
Dire
ct
ac
-
ac
r
esona
nt
boost
conv
ert
er
for
e
ffic
i
ent
dom
estic
induc
ti
on
he
at
in
g
applications”
,
IEE
E
Tr
ans.
Po
wer
Elec
tron
.
,
n
o.
2014
.
[15]
M.sara
van
an,
A.
Ramesh
Babu,
”
High
Pow
er
De
nsit
y
Mult
i
MO
SF
ET
t
base
d
serie
s
resona
nt
inv
ert
er
for
Induc
tion
Hea
ti
ng
Appl
ic
a
ti
ons”
Int
ernati
o
nal
Journal
Of
Powe
r
Elec
troni
cs
and
Dr
iv
e
Sy
stem
(
IJP
EDS)
,
ISS
N
2088
-
869
4
Volum
e
7
no.
1p
p
107
-
113,
2016
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.