Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of
P
ower E
le
ctr
on
i
cs a
n
d
Drive
S
ystem
(I
J
PE
D
S
)
Vo
l.
11
,
No.
3
,
Septem
be
r
2020
, pp.
1653
~
1659
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8694
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ij
peds
.
v
1
1
.i
3
.
pp1653
-
1659
1653
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ij
pe
ds
.i
aescore.c
om
Frequen
cy resp
ons
e anal
ysis tec
hniqu
e for i
nducti
on moto
r
short cir
cu
it
faul
ts dete
ction
A.
A. Al
awady
1
,
M. F.
M. Y
ou
s
of
2
,
N
. Azi
s
3
,
M
. A. T
alib
4
1,2
Facul
ty
of Electrical a
nd
Elec
t
ronic
Engi
ne
eri
n
g,
Univer
si
ti T
u
n
Hus
sein
Onn
Mala
ysia
,
Ma
la
y
sia
3
Facul
ty
of Engi
nee
ring
,
Univ
ersit
i
Putr
a
Ma
la
ysi
a,
UP
M Serda
ng
,
Mal
aysia
4
Te
nag
a
Nasion
al
B
erh
ad
Research,
K
awa
san
In
stit
usi Pe
ny
el
idikan
,
Ma
la
ysi
a
1
Coll
ege of
Tec
hnic
a
l
Eng
ineeri
ng,
Th
e
Isl
am
i
c Universit
y,
Naj
a
f,
Ir
aq
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
A
pr
17, 202
0
Re
vised Jul
22,
2020
Accepte
d Aug
3,
2020
The
pap
er
pre
s
ent
s
the
d
esc
ri
pti
on
for
di
agn
ostic
m
et
hods
of
induc
t
ion
mot
or's
sta
tor
windings
fau
l
t.
The
pr
ese
nted
methods
use
Freque
n
c
y
Response
Analy
sis
(FRA
)
tech
nique
for
detec
ti
on
o
f
Wi
ndin
g
Fault
s
in
Induc
ti
on
Moto
r
.
Th
is
me
th
o
d
is
pre
viously
rel
i
abl
e
metho
d
for
fau
l
ts
dia
gnosis
and
d
e
te
c
ti
on
in
ma
ny
par
ts
of
tr
ansfor
me
rs
including
t
ran
sforme
r
windings.
In
th
i
s
pape
r
,
thi
s
m
et
hod
was
used
for
mot
or
win
dings
fau
lt
s
det
e
ct
ion
.
Thi
s
pape
r
pre
sen
ts
t
he
FR
A
r
esponse
int
erp
r
etati
on
on
interna
l
short
ci
r
cuit
(S
C)
fau
l
t
at
stat
o
r
winding
on
th
ree
ca
ses
studies
of
diff
ere
n
t
thr
ee
-
ph
ase
indu
ct
ion
mo
tors
(
TPIM),
wer
e
an
al
y
sed
a
cc
ord
ing
to
two
sta
tus:
hea
l
thy
inductio
n
mo
tor
at
nor
ma
l
winding
st
at
us
and
same
mot
or
wit
h
windings
shorte
d
of
ma
in
windi
ngs.
A
conc
lusi
on
of
thi
s
pap
er
provide
s
the
int
erp
r
et
a
ti
on
of
and
validation
the
FR
A
r
esponse
due
to
intern
al
SC
fau
l
t
ca
se
by
using
NCEPR
I
al
gor
ithm
,
which
is
c
onsidere
d
as
on
e
of
ce
r
ti
fi
ed
stat
isti
ca
l
indi
c
a
tors
.
The
propos
ed
me
thod
in
th
is
pap
er
h
ad
a
u
seful
r
esult
for
det
e
ct
and
di
agnosis
of
stat
or
windings
fau
lt
s
of
TPIM.
The
a
ppli
c
at
ions
of
develope
d
method
c
an
b
e
used
to
d
etec
e
th
e
ot
her
m
ac
hin
es
ty
pes
fau
l
ts
.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Fr
e
qu
e
nc
y
re
spon
s
e a
nalysis
Ind
uction m
otor
NCEPRI
alg
or
i
thm
Shor
t ci
rc
uit fa
ult
Stat
or
windin
g fa
ult
This
is an
open
acc
ess arti
cl
e
un
der
the
CC
BY
-
SA
l
ic
ense
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
A.
A. Ala
wady
,
Dep
a
rtme
nt of
Ele
ct
rical
an
d
Ele
ct
ro
nic
Eng
ineerin
g,
Un
i
ver
sit
i
T
un
Hu
s
sei
n O
nn
M
al
aysia
(
UT
HM),
86400, Pa
rit R
aj
a, Bat
u
Pa
hat
, J
oh
or,
M
al
at
sia
.
Emai
l:
ah
me
d.a.al
awady
@gmai
l.com
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
The
in
duct
ion
mo
to
r
is
a
si
ngly
excit
ed
mac
hin
e.
The
el
ect
rical
pow
e
r
el
ect
ro
-
mo
ti
ve
-
force
(E
M
F
)
was
sup
plied
t
o
t
he
windin
g
of
sta
tor
par
t
only.
Bot
h
of
volt
age
(
V)
an
d
cu
rr
e
nt
(I)
pas
s
th
rou
gh
sta
to
r
par
t
windin
gs
is
in
du
ce
d
in
t
he
r
ot
or
pa
rt
of
mac
hin
e.
So,
this
machine
was
de
fine
d
as
in
du
c
ti
on
m
otor
(IM
).
T
he
ro
t
or
pa
rt
of
I
M
is
un
co
nnec
te
d
with
an
y
outsi
de
po
wer
s
u
pply
(elect
rical
sour
ce).
T
hi
s
ty
pe
of
AC
mo
to
r
is
desig
ne
d
t
o
operate
on
sin
gl
e
phase
AC
su
ppl
y
or
on
three
phase
A
C
sup
ply
an
d
acco
r
dingly
that
the
inducti
on
m
otors
cal
le
d
sin
gle
phase
I
M
(SPI
M
)
a
nd
3
-
ph
as
e
in
du
ct
io
n
m
ot
or
(TPI
M
)
[1
,
2]
.
Almost
95
%
of
th
e
mo
t
or
s
us
e
d
i
n
in
dustrie
s
are
TPIM
du
e
to
t
heir
feat
ur
e
s
tha
n
SP
I
M
a
nd
oth
e
r
t
ypes
of
mac
hin
e
s
[
3
,
4
,
5]
.
The
dif
fer
e
nt
f
aults
wh
ic
h
a
r
e
usual
ly
happ
en
i
n
TPIM
ar
e
el
ect
rical
fa
ul
ts
su
c
h
us
,
sta
tor
an
d
r
otor
f
aults
.
M
ot
or
sta
to
r
w
ind
in
gs
fa
ult
or
br
ea
k
-
d
own
i
s
one
of
the
m
ai
n
rea
sons
of
TPIM
fail
ur
e
[
6
]
.
T
he
knowle
dg
e
of
mo
to
r
fa
ults
a
nd
a
ppr
opriat
e
s
tudy
a
re
s
o
fun
dame
ntal
a
nd
i
mporta
nt.
The
r
efore,
we
a
ble to b
e
rea
dy
to
g
o for
conditi
on
m
on
it
or
in
g
(CM)
of
I
M
an
d
su
it
a
ble
dia
gnos
is
of
the
issue
,
whic
h
is
reduce
t
he
c
os
t
of
ex
pe
ns
ive
mainte
na
nce.
The
main
reas
on
s
of
windin
g
fa
ults
a
re
al
wa
ys
relat
ed
to
in
su
la
ti
on
fail
ur
e
.
T
he
y
a
re
co
m
monly
par
la
nce
kn
own
as
ph
ase
-
to
-
gro
und
tu
rns
f
ault
(PGTF
)
or
ph
a
se
-
to
-
ph
as
e
tur
ns
fa
ult
(PPTF)
.
As
belie
ved
i
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
1
1
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptembe
r
2020
:
16
53
–
16
59
1654
so
me
ti
mes
t
ha
t
the
windin
g
fa
ults
are
be
gin
as
wea
kly
tu
rn
-
to
-
tu
rn
fau
lt
s
(
TTF
)
bu
t
it
is
unde
te
ct
ed.
Subseque
ntly,
tho
se
wea
kly
f
aults
will
evo
l
ve
an
d
reach
c
ulminate
to
be
come
major
fa
ults
[
7
].
These
TTF
,
PG
TF
a
nd
PP
TF
a
re
inter
de
penda
ble
fau
lt
s
an
d
s
om
et
ime
one
o
f
these
f
aults
le
ad
s
t
o
ot
her
s.
Any
fail
ur
e
in
TPIM
le
ad
s
to
losses
in
pro
duct
ion
or
sto
ps,
hi
gh
mainte
na
nce
c
os
t
an
d
so
meti
me
i
n
major
fa
ults
ne
ed
to
rep
la
ce
t
he
TP
I
M
a
nd
pa
y
money
f
or
that.
T
her
e
fore,
to
a
void
a
ny
cat
ast
r
ophic
fail
ur
e
it
may
cau
se
unwan
t
e
d
dow
ntime
of
pro
duct
ion,
fa
ults
sho
uld
be
de
te
ct
ed
a
nd
di
agnosis
in
inci
pient
le
vel
[
8
].
T
he
el
ect
ric
powe
r
researc
h
insti
tu
te
(EPR
I)
pres
ented
a
sta
ti
sti
cal
surve
y
in
1985
an
d
f
ound
that
41%
of
m
otor
fail
ur
e
is
du
e
to
bear
i
ng f
a
ults,
37% is
du
e
to s
ta
to
r
fa
ults,
10
% is due t
o ro
t
or f
a
ults w
hile
the o
t
her fail
ur
es w
e
re
12% [
9
-
1
1
].
The
strat
eg
y
f
or
va
riables
diagnostic
t
hat
e
ff
ect
on
diag
nosis
of
inte
rn
al
wi
nd
i
ng
s
s
hor
t
-
ci
rcu
it
(S
C)
fau
lt
s
in
TP
I
M
was
pr
e
sent
ed
in
[
1
2
,
1
3
]
thr
ough
pro
ve
n
that
t
he
i
ntern
al
s
hort
-
ci
r
cuit
(S
C
)
tu
rns
can
be
detect
by
us
in
g
mo
t
or
cu
rr
e
nt
sign
at
ur
e
a
nal
ysi
s
(
M
CSA
)
te
chn
i
qu
e
.
More
ov
e
r,
in
[
14
,
15
]
the
M
CS
A
-
base
d
te
chn
iq
ues
us
e
d
f
or
detect
ing
of
the
intert
urn
sta
tor
windin
g
fa
ults
in
IM
was
disc
us
se
d
.
I
n
[
16
],
th
e
a
uthors
wer
e
a
nalyze
d
the
axial
flu
x
com
pone
nt
of
the
machi
ne
usi
ng
a
la
r
ge
c
oi
l
wo
un
d
co
nc
entrical
ly
ar
ound
t
he
sh
aft
of
the
ma
chine
f
or
tur
n
-
to
-
t
urn
fau
lt
s
de
te
ct
ion
.
[
17
,
18
]
ha
ve
s
how
n
by
usi
ng
bo
t
h
exp
e
rime
ntati
on
a
nd
modeli
ng
of
I
M
t
hat
thes
e
windin
gs
fa
ults
le
ad
to
i
n
a
s
ym
met
ry
in
wi
nd
i
ng
im
ped
a
nc
e
of
i
nductio
n
mo
t
or
that
eff
e
ct
s
on
I
M
ca
us
in
g
t
o
dr
a
w
unbala
nced
sig
natu
re
f
or
phase
c
urren
ts.
T
his
is
the
res
ults
n
eg
at
ive
-
seq
uen
ce c
urre
nts (NSC)
. Ho
wev
e
r,
t
he
NSC
can
al
so
be
c
ause
d
by ma
ny
eff
ect
s s
uch
as
: machine
sat
urat
ion
,
vo
lt
age
unbala
nce,
et
c.
T
o
re
du
ce
sli
p
va
ria
ti
on
a
nd
te
m
pe
ratur
e
ef
fects
on
t
he
NS
C
me
asur
e
ment,
the
auth
or
in
arti
cl
e
[
19
]
us
in
g
a
powe
r
decomp
os
it
io
n
te
chn
i
qu
e
(
P
DT)
to
reduce
neg
at
ive
-
se
que
nce
reacta
nce
(N
SR
)
and
ha
rm
on
ic
eff
ect
s.
A
rtic
le
s
[
20
]
a
nd
[
2
1
]
sugg
e
ste
d
a
w
ay
f
or
mac
hin
e
fau
lt
s
detect
io
n
th
rou
gh
the
c
hange
in positi
ve
-
seq
uen
ce
-
c
urren
t
(
PSC) mo
nito
ring by
us
i
ng the
mu
lt
iple
ref
e
r
ence
fr
am
e the
ory.
The
in
dustria
l
def
ect
s
caus
e
in
a
str
uctu
ral
asy
mmetr
y
in
I
M
is
a
na
lyzed
us
i
ng
SFRA
[2
2
].
Ther
e
f
or
e
,
the
SFR
A
te
c
hn
i
qu
e
is
al
s
o
ab
le
to
diag
nosti
c
an
d
detect
t
he
de
fects
in
structu
ral
as
ymmet
r
y
accuratel
y
i
n
t
he
TP
I
M
.
Wh
i
ch
is
al
so
by
t
his
te
ch
nique,
we
able
t
o
det
ect
man
y
fa
ults
in
TP
I
M
wi
ndin
gs
.
This
meth
od
is
previ
ously
rel
ia
ble
meth
od
f
o
r
fa
ults
diag
nosis
a
nd
detect
ion
in
ma
ny
pa
rts
of
tra
ns
f
ormers
includi
ng
tra
nsfo
rme
r
windin
gs
a
s
pr
e
sente
d
i
n
pr
e
vious
pap
e
rs
[
23
,
2
4
].
I
n
[
25
,
26]
and
[
27]
,
t
he
a
uthors
descr
i
bed
t
he
methods
for
de
te
ct
ion
an
d
di
agnostic
sta
tor
windi
ng
s
fa
ult
in
I
M
wi
ndin
g
s.
T
he
a
ut
hors
pro
po
se
d
a
me
thod
by
us
in
g
acoust
ic
sign
al
s
to
anal
ys
es
t
hr
ee
ca
ses
on
on
e
case
stu
dy
of
i
nductio
n
mo
to
r
windin
g
:
(a
)
H
eal
thy
m
otor
windin
g,
(
b)
M
ot
or
wi
nd
i
ng
s
horted
ci
rc
uit
in
a
ux
il
ia
r
y
par
t
a
nd
(c
)
Moto
r
windin
g
s
horte
d
ci
rc
uit i
n
both
of
main
an
d
aux
il
ia
r
y
par
ts
.
This
pap
e
r
i
nvest
igate
s
the
e
ff
ect
of
fa
ulty
sh
ort
-
ci
rc
uit
w
ind
in
g
on
a
th
ree
-
ph
a
se
in
du
ct
ion
m
ot
or
(TPIM
)
us
in
g
FRA
te
ch
nique
.
The
TPIMs
wer
e
c
hose
n
in
this
stu
dy
ha
ve
a
dif
fer
e
nt
powe
r
rati
ng.
T
he
th
ree
cases
st
ud
ie
s
of
TPIM
wer
e
a
nalyse
d
in
this
pap
e
r
acco
r
ding
t
o
tw
o
sta
tus:
he
al
thy
in
duct
ion
m
otor
at
nor
mal
windin
g
sta
t
us
an
d
same
m
ot
or
with
wi
nding
s
s
horted
of
main
windin
g.
T
his
st
udy
ve
rify
the
fin
din
gs
of
TPIM
sta
to
r
w
ind
in
g
fr
e
quen
cy
res
ponse
(
F
R)
in
fa
ulty
s
hort
-
c
i
rcu
it
wi
ndin
g
c
onditi
on
by
us
i
ng
a
m
odel
of
mathemat
ic
al
or
sta
ti
sti
cal
ind
ic
at
or,
t
he
N
ort
h
China
Ele
ct
ric
P
ower
Re
se
arch
I
ns
ti
tute
(
NCEPRI
)
al
go
rithm
in
[
28
]
has
bee
n
us
e
d
for
anal
ys
in
g
the
res
pons
es
in
t
his
pa
per.
The
im
por
ta
nce
of
this
st
udy
li
es
with
s
how
s
the ab
il
it
y of F
RA to
d
et
ect
th
e fa
ulty
windin
g
in
TP
I
M
.
2.
INDU
CTIO
N MOTO
R USE
D
I
N
E
XPERI
MENT
AL W
ORK
In
this
st
udy,
t
her
e
a
re
three
un
it
s
of
th
ree
-
ph
a
se
inducti
on
m
oto
r
with
di
ff
ere
nt
sp
eci
ficat
ion
s
we
r
e
us
e
d,
1HP
T
PIM,
2HP
TP
IM
and
3HP
TP
I
M
.
T
he
f
i
rst,
s
econd
a
nd
t
hir
d
ex
per
i
mental
TPIM
are
c
onnected
as
Wy
e
(
Y
)
wi
nd
i
ng
c
onfig
urat
ion
.
Detai
ls
f
or
these
th
ree
te
ste
d
unit
s
are
sh
ow
n
i
n
Tabl
e
1.
This
pa
pe
r
f
oc
us
on
the
W
ye
(
Y)
c
onne
ct
ion
betwee
n
3
-
ph
ases
U
,
V
an
d
W
w
hich
is
widely
use
d
f
or
TP
I
M
.
T
he
wi
ndin
gs
sh
ort
circ
uit (S
C) f
a
ult us
ually
occurs t
o
TP
I
M
. T
hus,
the c
urren
t i
n
the
st
at
or
windin
g w
il
l be cr
ease
d.
Du
e
t
o
this,
the
sta
to
r
windin
gs
e
xp
e
rience
the
ther
mal
stress
a
nd
insu
la
ti
on
fail
ure.
T
his
is
one
of
t
he
mai
n
fa
ct
or
s
that effe
ct
s on st
at
or
w
in
ding
fau
lt
in
TP
IM
.
Table
1.
Sp
eci
f
ic
at
ion
s
of
t
hr
e
e phase i
nduction m
otor
un
it
s
Moto
r
Moto
r
1
Specific
at
io
n
s
Moto
r
2
Sp
ecific
at
io
n
Moto
r
3
Specific
at
io
n
Manu
facturer
JILAN
G
JILAN
G
JILAN
G
Mod
el
1
1
0
RK
-
3
DS
Y9
0
S
-
2
Y9
0
L
-
2
Ph
ases
3
-
Ph
ind
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
3
-
Ph
ind
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
3
-
Ph
ind
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
Po
wer
0
.75
KW / 1HP
1
.5 KW
/
2
HP
2
.2 KW
/
3
HP
Rated
Voltag
e
4
1
5
V /
5
0
Hz
4
1
5
V /
5
0
Hz
4
1
5
V /
5
0
Hz
RPM
1
5
0
0
r
p
m
2
8
4
0
r
p
m
2
8
4
0
r
p
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
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ow Elec
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ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Freq
uen
cy
res
pons
e
an
alysis
te
chn
iq
ue
f
or
i
nductio
n mo
t
or
short ci
rc
uit f
au
lt
s
detect
ion
(
A.
A. Al
awady
)
1655
3.
METHO
DOL
OGY FO
R
F
AU
LT
A
ND
MEASU
REM
ENT
In
t
his
stu
dy,
three
un
it
s
of
TPIM
wer
e
use
d
to
c
reate
S
C
fau
lt
in
the
windin
gs
.
T
he
pur
po
se
of
making
this
art
ific
ia
l
fau
lt
is
t
o
stu
dy
t
he
dif
f
eren
ces
i
n
windin
gs
res
ponse
that
ma
y
be
oc
cur
du
e
t
o
t
his
fa
ult.
To
dia
gnos
e
a
nd
detect
(
SC)
fa
ult
in
TP
I
M
wi
n
di
ng
s
,
FR
A
meas
ur
eme
nt
on
T
PIM
wa
s
pe
rforme
d
befor
e
(at
normal
wi
nd
i
ngs
co
ndit
ion
)
and
a
fter
the
f
ault
ha
s
c
reate
d.
Wi
nd
i
ngs
frequ
e
nc
y
res
pons
es
m
on
it
ori
ng
a
r
e
analyze
d
a
nd
i
nter
pr
et
ed
afte
r
the
c
omparis
on
of
res
pons
e
s.
I
n
this
pap
e
r,
FR
A
res
ponse
measu
rem
e
nts
ar
e
performe
d
on
ph
a
ses
U
,
V
a
nd
W.
I
n
this
s
tudy,
the
SC
fa
ult
was
a
pp
li
e
d
only
on
phas
e
U
in
th
e
la
bo
ratory.
Figure
1
s
hows
the c
reati
on st
ages
for SC
f
a
ult o
n on
e
case
of TPI
M
.
(a)
(b)
(c)
Figure
1.
SC
fa
ults p
ro
ce
dures
on T
PIM,
(
a
) Normal
windin
g,
(b)
Re
m
ovin
g some
con
du
ct
ors to
create t
he fault
, (c)
Co
mpl
et
ed
windi
ng
with SC
f
a
ult.
To
pe
rfo
rm
th
e
FRA
meas
urements
of
3
-
phase
inducti
on
mo
to
r
wi
nd
i
ngs
connecti
on
be
tween
F
R
A
equ
i
pm
e
nt,
m
ot
or
te
r
minal
s
a
nd
c
omp
uter
a
re
sho
wn
i
n
Fi
gure
2.
M
eas
ureme
nt
proce
dure
was
deter
mined
base
d
on
wi
ndin
g
co
nnect
io
n
co
nf
i
gurati
on
w
hich
is
W
ye
(
Y).
For
Wy
e
c
onnecte
d
wi
nd
i
ng
s
,
th
e
FRA
respo
ns
e
ca
n
be
measu
re
d
between
tw
o
phas
e
te
rmin
al
s
(U
-
V,
V
-
W,
a
nd
W
-
U)
or
betw
een
p
hase
to
ne
utral
te
rmin
al
s
(
U
-
N,
V
-
N,
a
nd
W
-
N).
I
n
this
study,
ass
um
i
ng
that
the
neut
ral
po
i
nt
(N)
is
hid
de
n.
The
FRA
respo
ns
es
wer
e
measu
re
d
bet
ween
phase
te
r
minals
(
U
-
V,
V
-
W,
a
nd
W
-
U)
.
T
he
pract
ic
al
measu
reme
nts
we
r
e
made o
n
th
ree
un
it
s
of TP
I
M
as li
ste
d
in
Tab
le
1
.
Figure
2.
Exa
mp
le
of test
ca
ble con
necti
on
to meas
ur
e
d F
RA for m
otor
windin
gs
4.
FRA RE
SU
L
TS A
ND AN
A
LYSIS
The
res
ults
of
create
d
SC
faul
ts
FRA
pr
a
ct
ic
al
ly
in
t
he
la
borat
ory
a
re
pr
e
sented
he
re
i
n
this
sect
io
n.
The
FRA
res
ponse
on
TPIM
sta
to
r
windin
gs
of
t
hr
ee
unit
s
te
ste
d
a
re
s
how
n
i
n
Fig
ures
3,
4
a
nd
5.
T
wo
respo
ns
es
wer
e
measu
red
for
each
tw
o
phas
es,
one
du
rin
g
normal
sta
tus
(
Healt
hy
windi
ng
c
onditi
on)
a
nd
t
he
seco
nd
at
SC
windin
gs
fa
ult
in
the
TPIM
w
ind
in
gs.
The
frequ
e
nc
y
res
po
ns
e
(F
R
)
cu
r
ve
are
div
i
ded
i
nto
f
our
reg
i
on
s
.
T
hese
re
gions
a
re
lo
cat
ed
at
a
def
i
nite
fr
e
quen
cy
area
,
w
hich
it
must
be
de
fin
it
e
accor
ding
t
o
the
respo
ns
e
wa
ve
-
sh
a
pe.
T
he
F
R
cu
rv
e
will
be
dif
fe
ren
t
fro
m
mac
hin
e
to
oth
e
r.
Ge
ner
al
l
y,
the
FR
is
de
pendin
g
on the
I
M
pow
er
rati
ng,
w
i
nd
i
ng
s
ty
pe, wi
nd
i
ng
s
c
onfig
ur
at
i
on, s
tr
uctu
re
of the mac
hi
ne.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
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-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
1
1
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptembe
r
2020
:
16
53
–
16
59
1656
(a)
(b)
(c)
Figure
3
.
FRA
m
easu
reme
nt for p
hases
of
1HP T
PIM at
no
rmal c
onditi
on
and SC
fau
lt
in
phase
U.
(a)
FRA
f
or ph
ase U
-
V
, (b
)
F
RA for
phase
W
-
U
a
nd (
c
) F
RA for p
hase
V
-
W.
(a)
(b)
(c)
Figure
4.
FRA
M
eas
ur
e
ment
f
or phases
of
2HP T
PIM at
no
rmal c
onditi
on
and SC
fau
lt
in
phase
U
(a)
FRA
f
or ph
ase U
-
V
, (b
)
F
RA for p
hase
W
-
U
a
nd (
c
) F
RA for p
hase
V
-
W.
(a)
(b)
(c)
Figure
5.
FRA
M
eas
ur
e
ment
f
or phases
of
3HP T
PIM at
no
rmal c
onditi
on
and SC
fau
lt
in
phase
U
(a)
FRA
f
or ph
ase U
-
V
, (b
)
F
RA for p
hase
W
-
U
a
nd (
c
) F
RA for p
hase
V
-
W.
The
inte
rn
al
s
hort
-
ci
rc
uit
SC
fau
lt
in
TPIM
sta
tor
windin
gs
,
ge
ner
al
ly
l
eads
to
a
re
du
ct
ion
of
t
he
el
ect
rical
wind
ing
s
’
le
ng
t
h
of
the
c
oil
(
a
sm
al
le
r
num
be
r
of
t
urns
tha
n
t
he
no
rmal
c
ondi
ti
on
)
.
T
hus,
th
e
total
resist
ance
of
th
e
c
oils
that
ma
ke
up
the
p
has
e
will
dec
rease
.
T
hus,
the
f
lu
x
in
the
c
oils wi
ll
reduce.
Th
is
is
one
of
th
e
main
si
gn
s
of
the
SC
fau
lt
in
the
sta
tor
wi
ndin
g
f
or
TPIM
.
The
re
fore,
dur
in
g
th
is
fau
lt
,
the
tu
r
ns
that
rem
ov
e
d
fro
m
ph
a
se
U
t
o
c
re
at
e
the
SC
f
aul
t
will
le
ad
to
r
edu
ce
d
ma
gn
et
iz
ing
i
nductan
ce
of
Ph
a
se
U.
Th
us,
causes
an
i
ncrea
se
the
ma
gnit
ud
e
of
the
res
pons
e
,
t
his
le
d
to
ha
ppe
ning
a
de
fecti
ve
in
respo
ns
e
as
show
n
i
n
Defe
ctiv
e
resp
o
n
se
No
d
efec
t
iv
e
in
res
p
o
n
se
Defe
ctiv
e
resp
o
n
se
Defe
ctiv
e
resp
o
n
se
Defe
ctiv
e
resp
o
n
se
No
d
efec
t
iv
e
in
res
p
o
n
se
Defe
ctiv
e
resp
o
n
se
Defe
ctiv
e
resp
o
n
se
No
d
efec
ti
v
e
in
res
p
o
n
se
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Freq
uen
cy
res
pons
e
an
alysis
te
chn
iq
ue
f
or
i
nductio
n mo
t
or
short ci
rc
uit f
au
lt
s
detect
ion
(
A.
A. Al
awady
)
1657
Figure
3
(a
)
-
(b),
Fig
ur
e
4
(a)
-
(b)
a
nd
Fig
ur
e
5
(a)
-
(
b). In
ca
us
e
d
of
the
SC
f
ault
i
n
t
he
sa
me p
ha
se w
in
di
ng
s
as
the
FR
A
res
pons
e
pe
rformed
,
the
am
ount
of
sh
i
ft
betwee
n
the
r
efe
ren
ce
measu
reme
nts
and
mea
surem
ents
a
t
fau
lt
c
onditi
on
are affect
ed
b
e
cause
of ma
gnet
iz
ing
in
duct
ance li
mit
at
ion
i
n
the
stat
or pa
r
t of TP
IM.
The
c
omparis
on
of
f
reque
ncy
respo
ns
es
(
FR)
in
case
of
nor
mal
conditi
on
and
SC
windin
g
fa
ult
wa
s
sh
ow
n
in
Fig
ure
3,
Fi
gure
4
a
nd
Fig
ur
e
5,
t
he
respo
ns
e
s
hows
the
ca
ses
of
eff
ect
acc
ordi
ng
t
o
the
c
onne
ct
ion
s
of
me
asu
reme
nt
s co
nducte
d,
wh
ic
h
are the FR
A
res
ponse
w
il
l measur
e
be
tween
ph
a
ses
as (
U
-
V
, V
-
W
,
W
-
U).
the
FR
A
that
measu
red
bet
w
een
ph
a
se
U
t
o
ph
a
se
V
at
S
C
fau
lt
c
onditi
on
s
hows
a
de
fecti
ve
respo
nse
was
happe
ned
as
al
so
i
n
FR
A
mea
su
re
d
f
or
phas
e
W
to
pha
se
U
for
al
l
th
ree
un
it
s
of
TP
I
M
as
sho
wn
in
Fi
gure
3
(a)
-
(
b),
Fi
gure
4
(a)
-
(
b)
a
nd
Figure
5
(a)
-
(
b).
T
he
f
reque
nc
y
respo
ns
e
c
urve
f
or
phase
V
to
phase
W
at
SC
fau
lt
case
in
c
ompa
rison
with
the
ref
e
re
nce
r
esp
on
se
of
nor
mal
windin
g
c
onditi
on,
does
no
t
giv
e
a
ny
s
hiftin
g
in the res
pons
e
as s
how
n
in
Figure
3 (c),
Fig
ur
e
4 (c)
and
F
igure
5
(c
).
Thi
s is due t
o
la
ck
o
f
any
direct i
mp
ac
t
on this
phases
V
a
nd W u
nles
s the
measu
re
ment
passes
th
rou
gh the
fau
lt
y ph
a
se
U.
5.
FRA
RE
SU
L
TS A
NA
L
YS
I
S
U
SING
NCE
PRI ALGO
RITH
M
To
do
the
inte
r
pr
et
at
io
n
a
nd
va
li
dation
f
or
th
e
f
re
qu
e
nc
y
re
sp
onse
(F
R)
,
a
model
of
math
emat
ic
al
or
sta
ti
sti
cal
ind
ic
at
or
be
us
e.
Us
ually,
this
in
dicat
or
be
a
met
hod
to
disti
ng
ui
sh
t
he
si
mil
arit
ie
s
an
d
dif
fer
e
nces
betwee
n
f
re
quency
res
pons
e
s,
be
fore
a
nd
after
fa
ulty
ca
se.
Via
this
m
et
hod,
t
he
va
ri
at
ion
betwee
n
these
fr
e
qu
e
nc
y
res
ponse
s
can
be
r
epr
ese
nted
by
a
sing
le
value
on
ra
ng
e
.
T
he
researc
he
rs
pro
po
se
d
a
ma
ny
of
sta
ti
sti
cal
and
mathemat
ic
al
methods
of
in
dices
f
or
FRA
ap
plica
ti
on
in
their
li
te
rature
[28
],
this
f
or
m
or
e
accurac
y
ac
hieveme
nt
in
dia
gnos
i
ng
the
FR
A.
I
n
this
st
udy,
the
al
gorith
m
that
pro
pose
d
by
a
uthors
i
n
[
29
,
30],
has
bee
n
us
e
d
for
anal
ysi
ng
the
r
esp
onses,
wh
ic
h
is
N
ort
h
Chin
a
Ele
ct
ric
P
ow
e
r
Re
searc
h
I
ns
t
it
ute
(N
CEPR
I
)
al
gorith
m.
The
N
CEPR
I
al
gorithm
validat
e
th
e
data
matc
hi
ng
of
FR
res
ponse
s
by
fin
din
g
the
eff
ect
ive
de
viati
on
(
ED
)
or
as
sessme
nt
facto
r
(E
12
)
betwee
n
re
fer
e
nce
fr
e
qu
e
nc
y
re
spo
nse
s
tran
sfe
r
f
unct
io
n
(
1
)
a
nd c
ompa
red f
reque
ncy res
ponse
s t
ran
s
fer f
unc
ti
ons
(
2
) usi
ng e
qu
at
io
n (
1)
.
12
=
1
∑
(
1
−
2
)
2
=
1
(1)
Wh
e
re:
N
is
t
he
numb
e
r
of
data
matc
hi
ng.
The
or
et
ic
al
ly,
al
l
FR
meas
ureme
nts
of
t
hree
unit
s
as
cl
early
visible
in
Fi
gure
3
,
Figure
4
a
nd
Figure
5
reve
al
so
me
imp
or
ta
nt
dif
fer
e
nce
s
bet
ween
f
re
qu
e
nc
y
respo
ns
es,
be
f
or
e
an
d
a
fter f
a
ulty
case
. A
s we
note
in
FRA
o
f
the SC
fa
ult i
t
was
ca
us
ed
obv
i
ous v
ar
ia
ti
ons
i
n
curve
d
def
le
ct
ion
of
l
ow
f
r
equ
e
nc
y
re
gion
from
the
be
ginnin
g.
NC
EPRI
al
gorith
m
was
util
iz
ed
for
disti
nguish
t
he
simi
la
riti
es
and
dif
fer
e
nces
be
tween
the
FR
at
no
r
mal
co
ndit
ion
a
nd
windin
g
SC
fa
ult
case.
Table
2
rev
e
al
s
the
assessm
e
nt
facto
r
or
E
D
betwee
n
the
phases
f
re
qu
e
nc
y
res
ponse
s
at
SC
fau
lt
in
wind
i
ngs.
On the
oth
e
r h
and, the
table s
hows
t
he ran
ge
s of fre
qu
e
ncie
s d
e
finite
acc
ordin
g
to
the
wa
ve
-
s
ha
pe resp
onses.
Table
2.
Asses
sment
facto
r
(
E
12
)
of
SC
fa
ul
t fr
e
qu
e
nc
y res
pons
es
by
us
i
ng
NCEPRI
alg
or
it
hm
Frequ
en
cy
r
an
g
e
E
12
in
dB
f
o
r
1
HP
m
o
to
r
E
12
in
dB
f
o
r
2
HP
m
o
to
r
E
12
in
dB
f
o
r
3
HP
m
o
to
r
U
-
V
V
-
W
W
-
U
U
-
V
V
-
W
W
-
U
U
-
V
V
-
W
W
-
U
2
0
Hz
-
2
k
Hz
0
.75
4
3
0
.00
1
9
0
.75
0
0
1
.30
6
3
0
.00
0
8
1
.32
0
2
1
.06
1
2
0
.00
2
7
1
.08
0
1
2
k
Hz
-
2
0
k
Hz
1
.28
9
3
0
.00
1
1
1
.26
2
5
1
.83
3
5
0
.00
1
7
1
.84
5
8
1
.82
5
9
0
.00
3
4
1
.87
2
8
2
0
k
Hz
-
2
0
0
k
Hz
1
.14
3
4
0
.02
3
9
1
.17
7
8
2
.21
7
3
0
.03
0
6
2
.17
8
9
1
.89
2
6
0
.03
0
8
1
.82
9
9
2
0
0
k
Hz
-
2
MHz
0
.15
8
6
0
.07
9
5
0
.14
3
6
0
.21
9
6
0
.12
2
3
0
.27
8
9
2
.25
7
4
0
.20
7
9
2
.43
5
8
The
dif
fer
e
nt
r
ang
e
s
of
fr
e
qu
encies
ar
e
div
i
ded
acco
r
ding
to
the
wa
ve
-
sha
pe
respo
ns
es.
Cl
early
of
course
the
res
ponse
c
urve
s
ha
pes
will
be
dif
fer
e
nt
for
t
he
TPIMs
beca
use
the
y
a
re
di
fferent
an
d
ha
ve
po
wer
rati
ng
(
1,
2
a
nd
3
horse
po
wer).
It
can
be
seen
from
T
able
2
t
hat
th
e
asses
sme
nt
f
act
or
(E
12
)
f
or
fa
ult
cal
culat
ed
bet
ween
U
to
V
a
nd
W
to
U
pha
ses
at
SC
fau
lt
conditi
on
is
hig
h
for
the
fr
e
quenc
y
r
egi
on
(
20Hz
-
2kHz
).
The
refor
e
,
t
his
r
egi
on
is
co
ns
i
der
e
d
as
se
rio
us
fa
il
ur
e
beca
us
e
of
fa
ulty
wi
nd
i
ng
case
.
In
the
sec
on
d
and
t
hird
fr
e
qu
ency
reg
i
on
(
2kHz
-
20kHz)
a
nd
(
20
kH
z
-
20
0
kHz
)
res
pecti
vely,
al
s
o
the
E
12
of
U
to
V
and
W
to
U
phases
w
as
hi
gh
it
was
consi
der
e
d
as
serio
us
disto
rted.
More
cl
ear
ly,
al
l
values
a
re
a
bove
1
(E
12
>
1).
M
ea
nwhile
,
E
12
of
the
la
st
reg
i
on
(
200
kHz
-
2
MHz)
for
al
l
un
it
s
is
c
on
si
der
e
d
as
sli
gh
t
disto
rtion
reg
i
on,
wh
ic
h
cal
culat
ed
bet
ween
U
to
V
an
d
W
to
U
phases
at
S
C
fau
lt
conditi
on.
Mor
eo
ver,
that
the
assess
ment
factor (E
12
)
fo
r
fa
ult i
s c
on
si
der
e
d
as
in
a
normal
con
diti
on
in
the
V
t
o W
ph
a
ses.
6.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
1
1
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptembe
r
2020
:
16
53
–
16
59
1658
This
pa
pe
r
pre
sents
the
i
nter
pr
et
at
io
n
of
T
PIM
FRA
sig
na
ture
by
t
he
va
riat
ion
in
t
he
F
RA
res
pons
e
on
i
ntern
al
SC
fa
ult
on
i
nduc
ti
on
m
oto
r
sta
t
or
windin
g.
Fi
nd
i
ngs
of
t
his
pap
e
r,
it
has
be
en
pro
ve
n
tha
t
the
com
par
is
on
of
fr
e
qu
e
nc
y
res
pons
es
(F
R)
c
onfirme
d
th
at
t
he
inter
nal
SC
fau
lt
in
T
PIM
sta
tor
wi
nd
i
ng
gi
ves
so
me
of
var
ia
ti
on in
t
he
FR
A resp
onse.
A
nd
al
so
,
from
the
con
cl
us
io
ns
of
this stu
dy, we
can
diag
nose t
hat the
def
ect
occ
urre
d
i
n
one
ph
a
se
only
a
nd
ha
ve
no
e
ffec
t
on
the
oth
e
r
phase
s,
th
r
ough
t
he
var
ia
ti
on
i
n
t
he
FRA
respo
ns
e
i
n
phases
a
nd
t
he
abse
nce
of
a
ny
res
ponse
or
var
ia
nce
in
oth
e
r
ph
as
es
wh
e
n
meas
ur
i
ng
the
fr
e
qu
e
nc
y
res
ponse
.
A
nd
al
s
o,
t
his
pap
e
r
was
pr
e
sente
d
the
validat
io
n
an
d
i
nterpreta
ti
on
for
FRA
du
e
to
internal
SC
fa
ult
case
by
usi
ng
NCEPRI
al
go
rithm
wh
i
ch
is
co
ns
ide
r
ed
as
on
e
of
a
certi
fied
sta
ti
sti
cal
ind
ic
at
or
.
The
assessme
nt
fac
tor
(E
12
)
wh
ic
h
was
cal
c
ulate
d
by
usi
ng
N
CEPR
I
al
go
rithm
sho
ws
the
highest
distor
ti
on
i
nd
i
cat
or
of
fr
e
qu
ency
re
gions
t
hat
has
lo
w
f
r
equ
e
nc
y
ra
nge
.
I
ncr
ease
s
of
fr
e
quen
ci
es
l
ead
to
reduce
the
le
ve
l
of
distor
ti
on.
This
prov
e
a
sign
i
ficant
ef
fect
of
t
he
inte
rn
al
SC
fa
ult
to
lo
w
f
reque
nc
y
re
gion.
Faults
ef
fect
de
creases
gr
a
dual
ly
at
the
med
ium
f
reque
nc
y
reg
i
on
a
nd
th
e
eff
ect
is
relat
ively
insi
gn
i
ficant
in
the
high
f
requ
ency
reg
i
on.
T
he
pro
pose
d
m
et
hod
in
this
pa
per
had
a
us
e
fu
l
res
ult
for
de
te
ct
an
d
dia
gnos
is
of
sta
tor
wi
nd
i
ngs
fau
lt
s
of
TP
IM.
The
a
ppli
cat
ion
s
of
devel
op
e
d
meth
od
can
be
us
e
d
f
or
diag
nosis
an
d
detect
ion t
he f
aults o
f othe
r mac
hin
e
s ty
pes
.
ACKN
OWLE
DGE
MENTS
Au
t
hors
of
thi
s
pap
e
r
are
grat
efu
l
t
o
the
TNB
Re
s
earc
h,
for
the
pr
ovisi
on
of
te
sts
equ
i
pm
e
nt,
especial
ly the
FRANEO
80
0 dev
ic
e t
o do th
e FRA me
as
urements.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
Akar
Mehme
t
,
Ankaya
Ilya
s
C
.
,
''Broken
rotor
bar
fau
l
t
de
te
c
tion
in
inve
r
te
r
-
f
e
d
squirre
l
c
age
i
nduct
ion
mot
or
s
using sta
tor
cur
r
ent
ana
lysis
and fuzz
y
logi
c
,
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Tur
k
J
E
le
c
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&
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Hus
ai
n
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ase
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achi
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a
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ere
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"A
new
appr
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ac
h
to
on
-
l
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fa
ult
d
et
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ac
mot
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ge
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n
a
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dh
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Vand
ana
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h
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e
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ro
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o
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"
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[11]
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ao
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aya
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udi,
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WT
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aul
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ct
ion
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g
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"
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[12]
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ent
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t
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ct
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n
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Volt
age
Sta
tor
W
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dings
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3
-
Phase
Induc
ti
on
Motor
s Prior
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il
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im
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Jim
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ti
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r
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turn
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tor
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EE
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e
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turn
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r
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uit
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EEE
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nte
rnational
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lectric
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ine
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iv
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ction
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cation
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er
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rt
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irc
u
it
s
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e
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or
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ti
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g
e
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c
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tor
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
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8
694
Freq
uen
cy
res
pons
e
an
alysis
te
chn
iq
ue
f
or
i
nductio
n mo
t
or
short ci
rc
uit f
au
lt
s
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ion
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awady
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gnosi
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or
in
te
r
-
t
urn
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c
irc
ui
t
s
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or
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EEE
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ia
gnosis
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at
or
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rotor,
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a
irga
p
e
cc
e
ntri
city
fau
l
ts
in
thre
e
-
ph
ase
indu
ct
ion
mot
ors
ba
sed
on
the
mul
t
ipl
e
r
efe
r
enc
e
fr
am
es
th
eor
y,
"
P
roc.
38th
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ry
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i
cat
ions
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t
ing Conf.
,
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[22]
Vilhe
kar
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r
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ao,
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ara
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lal,
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mra
o
S
.
Umr
e,
"
Applic
a
ti
on
o
f
S
wee
p
Frequ
enc
y
Response
Analy
sis
for
the
d
et
e
ction
of
winding
f
aul
ts
in
indu
ct
io
n
mo
tor,
"
IECO
N
2016
-
42nd
An
nual
Con
fe
renc
e
of
th
e
I
EE
E
Indu
strial
Elec
tronics
Soci
e
ty
,
pp
.
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58
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1463,
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EE, 2016.
[23]
S.
Al
-
Amer
i
,
A
.
A.
Al
awa
dy,
M.
F.
M.
Yous
of,
H.
Ahma
d
,
Ali
.
A.
Salem,
and
M.
A.
Ta
l
ib,
''Freque
ncy
respons
e
ana
lysis
for
tra
n
sforme
r
t
ap
ch
a
nger
damage
de
te
c
ti
on,
''
Inte
rna
ti
onal
Journal
o
f
Powe
r
El
e
ct
ro
nic
s
and
Dr
iv
e
Syste
ms
(IJ
PE
D
S)
,
vol
.
11
,
no
.
1
,
pp
.
350
-
358
,
2
020.
[24]
N.
F.
M.
Yasid
,
A.
A.
Al
awa
dy,
M.
F.
M.
Yous
of,
M
.
A
.
Talib
a
nd
M.
S.
Kam
ar
udin,
''The
Eff
e
c
t
of
short
c
irc
u
it
fau
lt
in
th
ree
-
p
hase
cor
e
-
type
d
tr
ansforme
r
,
''
I
nte
rnational
Jo
urnal
of
Pow
er
E
le
c
tronic
s
an
d
Dr
iv
e
S
yste
m
s
(IJ
PE
DS)
,
vol
.
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vo
.
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,
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.
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416,
2020
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[25]
Glowac
z,
Ada
m,
"F
aul
t
dia
g
nos
is
of
singl
e
-
phase
induction
mot
or
base
d
on
ac
oust
ic
sign
al
s,
"
Me
c
hanic
al
Syst
ems
and
Signal P
roc
essing
,
vol
.
117
,
pp.
65
-
80
,
2019
.
[26]
"IEE
E
Guid
e
f
or
the
Appli
cation
and
Int
erp
ret
a
ti
on
of
Fre
quenc
y
R
esponse
Analysis
fo
r
Oil
-
Im
me
rsed
Tra
nsformer
s
IE
EE
Pow
er a
nd
E
ner
gy
Soci
et
y
,
"
I
EE
E
Std
C57
.
14
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-
2012
,
pp
.
1
-
72
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2013
.
[27]
P.
Piche
r
,
"M
e
c
hani
c
al
Cond
it
i
on
As
sess
me
nt
of
Tra
nsfor
me
r
Wi
ndings
Us
ing
Freque
ncy
Res
ponse
Analysis
(FRA
),
"
Cigre,
Ev
aluation
,
vol
.
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pp.
30
–
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4,
2008
.
[28]
N.
F.
M.
Yasid,
A.
A.
Alawa
dy
,
M.
F.
M
.
Yous
of,
S.
Al
-
Am
er
i
and
M.
S.
Ka
ma
rudin
,
''Int
erp
ret
a
ti
on
of
sw
eep
fre
quenc
y
respo
nse
analysis
trac
es
on
inter
-
turn
s
hort
ci
r
cuit
fau
lt
,
''
Inte
rnationa
l
J
ournal
of
Pow
er
El
e
ct
roni
cs
and
Dr
iv
e
Syst
ems (I
JP
EDS)
,
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,
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16,
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[29]
OM
ICRON
,
"FRAna
lyz
er
Us
er Manual
-
SF
RA Anal
yze
r
for
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wer
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ansforme
r
Wi
nd
ing
Di
agn
osis," 2006.
[30]
NCEPR
I,
"A
pplication
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li
n
e
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ran
sforme
r
Wi
nd
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ion
T
est
T
ec
hno
l
ogy,
" 1999.
BIOGR
AP
HI
ES OF
A
UTH
ORS
Ahmed
Alla
wy
Alawa
dy
.
He
re
ce
iv
ed
his
ba
chelor
degr
ee
(B
.
En
g.
)
in
El
e
ct
r
ic
a
l
Engi
ne
eri
n
g
from
Univer
sity
of
Kufa,
Ira
q
i
n
2007.
He
re
c
ei
ved
ma
ster
de
gre
e
(M.
Eng.
)
i
n
El
e
ct
ri
cal
power
sys
te
m
f
rom
(SH
UA
TS)
,
Indi
a
in
2012
.
He
is
a
le
c
tur
er
a
t
Coll
age
o
f
Techni
c
al
Engi
ne
eri
ng,
Th
e
Isl
am
i
c
Unive
rsity,
Ira
q
sin
ce
2007.
Curr
ent
l
y
he
is
pursuin
g
his
Ph.D.
Degre
e
in
Univ
ersit
i
Tun
Hus
sein
Onn
Ma
la
ysi
a
(UTHM
).
His
rese
arc
h
is
on
mot
ors
fau
lt
s
det
e
ct
ion
using
Freque
ncy
R
esponse
Analysis
(F
RA) t
ec
hn
ique.
Mohd
Fairouz
Mohd
Yous
of.
He
o
btained
Di
p.
Eng
,
B.
Eng
and
M.
Eng
fr
om
Univer
si
ti
Te
knologi
Mal
a
ysia.
H
e
com
pl
et
ed
his
Ph.D.
study
in
201
5
from
The
U
nive
rsity
of
Quee
nsland,
Aus
tra
lia
and
cu
rre
ntl
y
a
l
ectur
er
at
th
e
Depa
rtm
ent
of
E
lect
ric
a
l
Pow
er
Engi
ne
eri
ng,
Un
ive
rsiti
Tun
Hus
sein
Onn
Mal
ay
sia
(UTHM
).
He
was
a
v
isit
ing
r
ese
arc
h
er
fo
r
a
y
ea
r
wi
th
TN
B
Rese
arc
h
in
2018.
His
m
ai
n
res
ea
rch
is
con
dit
ion
-
bas
ed
mo
nit
oring
and
assess
me
nt
of
p
ower
tr
ansformer
and
rot
at
ing
m
ac
hin
e.
He
is
active
ly
invo
lve
d
with
proj
ects
from
lo
ca
l
and
i
nte
rna
ti
ona
l
indu
strie
s.
Norhafi
z
A
zi
s.
He
recei
v
ed
B
.
Eng
degr
ee
in
El
e
ct
ri
ca
l
and
E
le
c
troni
c
Eng
ineeri
ng
(2007)
from
Univer
sit
i
Putra
Mala
ysi
a
and
PhD
degr
ee
in
Elec
t
rical
Po
wer
Engi
ne
eri
ng
(2012)
from
The
Univer
si
ty
o
f
Manc
heste
r
in
UK
.
Curre
ntl
y
,
h
e
is
an
associ
at
e
profe
ss
or
at
the
Depa
rtment
of
E
lectr
i
ca
l
an
d
E
lectr
oni
c
En
gine
er
ing,
Univ
ersit
i
Putra
Ma
l
aysia
,
Ma
la
ysia
.
His
rese
arc
h
int
er
ests
ar
e
i
n
-
servic
e
ag
ei
n
g
of
t
ran
sform
er
insul
at
ion
,
condi
ti
on
mon
i
tori
ng,
asset
ma
nag
em
en
t,
h
i
gh
volt
ag
e
eng
i
nee
ring
and
a
lt
e
rna
ti
v
e
insulatio
n
ma
t
eri
a
ls
for
high
voltage
equi
pm
ent
.
Mohd
Aizam
T
a
li
b.
He
r
ecei
ved
his
Ba
che
lo
r
in
El
e
ct
ri
ca
l
Engi
n
ee
ring
fro
m
the
Univer
sity
of
Portsmouth,
UK
in
1997,
Maste
r
degr
ee
in
E
lectr
i
ca
l
Eng
ineer
ing
from
Univ
e
rsiti
Te
n
aga
Nasiona
l
(UN
ITE
N),
Ma
la
ysi
a
i
n
2001,
and
Ph.
D.
degr
ee
from
Univer
siti
T
ekn
ologi
Ma
la
ysi
a
in
2017.
Upon
g
rad
uation
in
199
7,
he
worked
wi
th
ABB
Tr
ansm
ission
and
Distr
i
buti
on
Sdn
Bhd
as
a
Design
Engi
ne
er.
Sin
ce
1998,
he
h
as
be
en
em
p
loye
d
by
TNB
Resea
rch
Sdn
Bhd
as
a
Resea
rch
Engi
ne
er
and
now
is
a
te
chn
ic
a
l
expert
on
tr
ansforme
r
.
His
rese
arc
h
in
t
ere
sts
are
in
tra
nsformer
con
dit
ion monit
o
rin
g,
insul
at
ion
di
a
gnostic
and
di
ele
ct
ri
c
m
ea
sure
ments.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.