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[
1
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.
Min
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[
6
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[
9
,
1
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.
T
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I
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SYST
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d
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t.
Af
ter
all
t
h
e
s
tep
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
f
u
l
f
illed
an
d
s
at
is
f
ied
w
it
h
th
e
r
esu
lt
g
en
er
ated
,
i
t
is
ti
m
e
to
f
ab
r
icate
th
e
cir
c
u
it
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
ce
th
e
f
i
n
al
p
r
o
d
u
ct
.
2
.
1
.
O
bje
c
t
iv
e
T
h
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
was
to
d
ev
elo
p
a
co
m
p
ac
t
an
d
l
o
w
-
co
s
t
p
u
l
s
e
g
e
n
er
ato
r
w
h
ic
h
eq
u
ip
p
ed
w
it
h
P
W
M
m
et
h
o
d
th
a
t
ca
n
b
e
o
p
er
ated
u
s
i
n
g
5
VD
C
s
u
p
p
l
y
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
t
h
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
a
n
d
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
o
f
its
o
u
tp
u
t
(
m
o
n
o
p
o
lar
s
q
u
ar
e
p
u
l
s
e)
ca
n
b
e
alter
ed
i
n
d
ep
en
d
en
tl
y
;
th
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
ca
n
b
e
ad
j
u
s
ted
u
p
to
3
M
Hz
an
d
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
ca
n
b
e
ch
a
n
g
ed
in
th
e
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
1
0
%
-
9
0
% o
f
f
u
ll c
y
cle
.
2
.
2
.
Appro
pria
t
e
d
ev
ices
T
h
er
e
ar
e
m
a
n
y
w
a
y
s
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
p
u
ls
e
g
en
er
ato
r
s
,
h
o
w
e
v
er
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
,
s
ize
a
n
d
p
r
ice
m
ak
e
t
h
e
m
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
f
r
o
m
ea
c
h
o
t
h
er
.
T
o
p
r
o
d
u
ce
a
m
o
n
o
p
o
lar
s
q
u
ar
e
p
u
ls
e
s
h
ap
e,
5
5
5
-
ti
m
er
I
C
,
L
C
M5
5
5
b
y
T
ex
as
I
n
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t
s
w
as
s
elec
ted
as
i
t
ca
n
y
ie
ld
s
tab
le
an
d
s
tead
y
o
u
tp
u
t
s
i
g
n
al.
T
h
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
ca
n
b
e
ad
j
u
s
ted
as
h
ig
h
as
3
MH
z
an
d
s
u
itab
le
to
b
e
im
p
le
m
e
n
ted
as
a
p
u
ls
e
g
en
er
ato
r
.
I
t
also
o
w
n
s
a
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
i
n
t
w
o
m
o
d
es
o
p
er
atio
n
;
m
o
n
o
s
t
ab
le
an
d
astab
le.
T
h
e
s
ize
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct
w
as
s
m
all
en
o
u
g
h
(
1
0
.
1
6
m
m
×
1
0
.
9
2
m
m
)
a
n
d
m
a
k
e
t
h
e
o
p
er
atin
g
c
ir
cu
it c
o
m
p
ac
ted
to
a
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
le
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
-
h
o
le
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
.
2
.
3
.
Circ
uit
des
ig
n
A
s
i
n
g
le
5
5
5
-
ti
m
er
I
C
h
as
a
l
i
m
itat
io
n
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
o
f
it
s
o
u
tp
u
t
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
alter
e
d
w
it
h
o
u
t
af
f
ec
tin
g
t
h
e
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
o
r
v
i
ce
v
er
s
a.
T
h
is
is
th
e
d
r
a
w
b
ac
k
s
t
h
at
n
ee
d
to
b
e
s
o
lv
ed
s
o
th
at
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
P
W
M
m
et
h
o
d
ca
n
b
e
s
u
cc
es
s
f
u
ll
y
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
i
n
t
h
e
p
u
l
s
e
g
en
er
ato
r
.
T
o
clea
r
th
is
is
s
u
e,
t
w
o
u
n
its
o
f
555
-
ti
m
er
I
C
w
er
e
s
u
g
g
ested
.
Fo
r
b
etter
clar
if
icatio
n
,
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
u
ls
e
g
en
er
ato
r
is
co
n
s
i
s
ted
o
f
t
w
o
p
ar
ts
; th
e
f
ir
s
t p
ar
t is ca
lled
as
a
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
p
r
o
v
id
er
an
d
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
p
ar
t
ar
e
k
n
o
w
n
as a
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
ad
j
u
s
ter
.
Sin
ce
5
5
5
-
ti
m
er
ca
n
b
e
o
p
er
at
ed
in
as
tab
le
m
o
d
e
(
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
2
)
,
th
e
T
r
ig
g
er
an
d
T
h
r
esh
o
ld
ter
m
i
n
als
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
s
o
t
h
at
th
e
d
ev
ice
ca
n
tr
i
g
g
er
its
e
l
f
a
n
d
f
r
ee
r
u
n
as
a
m
u
l
tiv
ib
r
ato
r
.
T
o
ch
ar
g
e
t
h
e
ex
ter
n
al
ca
p
ac
ito
r
,
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
s
n
ee
d
to
f
lo
w
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
R
A
a
n
d
R
B
f
r
o
m
V
S
w
h
ile
f
o
r
t
h
e
d
i
s
ch
ar
g
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
t
h
e
cu
r
r
en
ts
f
lo
w
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
ex
ter
n
a
l c
ap
ac
ito
r
an
d
s
in
k
to
t
h
e
Dis
ch
ar
g
e
ter
m
in
a
l v
ia
R
B
.
I
n
t
h
is
m
o
d
e
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
,
th
e
ch
ar
g
es a
n
d
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
s
v
o
l
tag
e
o
f
t
h
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
is
b
et
w
ee
n
1
/3
V
S
an
d
2
/3
V
S
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
694
Dev
elo
p
men
t o
f Co
mp
a
ct
P
u
ls
e
Gen
era
to
r
w
ith
A
d
ju
s
ta
b
le
P
u
ls
e
W
id
th
fo
r
…
(
N
u
r
F
a
iz
a
l Ka
s
r
i
)
891
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
555
-
ti
m
er
cir
cu
it c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
i
n
astab
le
m
o
d
e
[
1
3
]
As
th
e
d
ev
ice
tr
ig
g
er
ed
its
el
f
d
u
e
to
th
e
s
i
g
n
a
l
w
h
ic
h
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
T
r
ig
g
er
ter
m
in
al,
it
is
v
er
y
u
s
e
f
u
l
to
s
et
i
t
as
a
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
p
r
o
v
id
er
.
T
h
e
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
o
f
th
is
o
u
tp
u
t
w
as
s
et
to
9
0
%
to
en
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
d
u
t
y
c
y
cl
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
u
ls
e
g
e
n
er
ato
r
's
f
i
n
al
s
ig
n
a
l
ca
n
b
e
v
ar
ied
u
p
to
9
0
%
(
m
a
x
)
o
f
a
f
u
ll
c
y
cle.
I
n
th
e
d
ev
ice
d
atas
h
ee
t,
i
t
p
r
o
v
id
es a
s
et
o
f
eq
u
a
tio
n
s
to
d
eter
m
in
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
a
n
d
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle,
w
h
ic
h
d
ep
en
d
o
n
th
e
v
a
lu
e
o
f
r
esi
s
to
r
s
an
d
ex
ter
n
al
ca
p
ac
ito
r
th
at
w
i
ll b
e
u
s
ed
to
ad
j
u
s
t th
e
ch
ar
g
i
n
g
a
n
d
d
is
ch
ar
g
i
n
g
ti
m
e
s
.
T
h
e
ch
ar
g
e
an
d
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
ti
m
e
ar
e
g
iv
e
n
b
y
:
0
.
6
9
3
(
)
c
A
B
t
R
R
C
(
1
)
0
.
6
9
3
(
)
dB
t
R
C
(
2
)
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
to
tal
p
er
io
d
an
d
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
ar
e
d
ef
i
n
ed
as:
0
.
6
9
3
(
2
)
c
d
A
B
T
t
t
R
R
C
(
3
)
1
1
.
4
4
(
2
)
AB
f
T
R
R
C
(
4
)
T
h
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle,
as a
f
r
ac
tio
n
o
f
to
tal
p
er
io
d
th
a
t th
e
o
u
tp
u
t is
h
ig
h
,
is
:
100
2
AB
AB
RR
D
RR
(
5
)
Fo
r
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
p
ar
t
o
f
t
h
e
5
5
5
-
ti
m
er
I
C
,
it
w
a
s
s
et
to
w
o
r
k
as
a
d
u
t
y
c
y
c
le
ad
j
u
s
ter
an
d
r
ec
eiv
ed
a
s
ig
n
al
o
n
its
T
r
ig
g
er
ter
m
in
al
f
r
o
m
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
p
r
o
v
id
er
’
s
o
u
tp
u
t.
T
h
is
m
o
d
e
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
is
k
n
o
w
n
a
s
m
o
n
o
s
tab
le
a
n
d
o
n
l
y
d
r
iv
e
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
h
i
g
h
u
p
o
n
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
a
n
eg
ati
v
e
tr
ig
g
er
p
u
ls
e
s
ig
n
al
o
f
les
s
th
a
n
1
/3
V
S
.
T
o
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
ize
i
ts
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
to
b
e
eq
u
al
f
o
r
b
o
th
p
a
r
ts
,
th
e
y
m
u
s
t
s
h
ar
e
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
e
x
ter
n
al
ca
p
ac
ito
r
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
d
ep
icted
th
e
L
M
C
5
5
5
I
C
i
n
m
o
n
o
s
tab
le
m
o
d
e,
it
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
o
n
e
u
n
it
o
f
r
esi
s
to
r
an
d
ca
p
ac
ito
r
o
n
ly
.
No
ted
th
a
t in
t
h
e
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
ts
ar
e
s
i
n
k
d
ir
ec
tl
y
to
th
e
Di
s
ch
ar
g
e
ter
m
i
n
al
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
1
8
:
889
–
896
892
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
5
5
5
-
ti
m
er
cir
cu
it c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
i
n
m
o
n
o
s
tab
le
m
o
d
e
[
1
3
]
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
A
co
m
p
lete
cir
c
u
it t
h
at
co
m
p
r
is
e
b
o
th
p
ar
ts
to
f
o
r
m
a
w
h
o
le
p
u
l
s
e
g
e
n
er
at
o
r
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
ac
r
o
s
s
t
h
e
ca
p
ac
it
o
r
is
in
cr
ea
s
ed
in
ex
p
o
n
e
n
tia
l
o
r
d
er
as it is b
ei
n
g
c
h
ar
g
ed
b
y
V
S
v
ia
R
A
.
Du
r
in
g
th
i
s
t
i
m
e,
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
r
e
m
ain
ed
h
i
g
h
a
n
d
at
t
h
e
e
n
d
o
f
w
h
ic
h
ti
m
e
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
eq
u
als
2
/3
V
S
,
th
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
tar
ts
to
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
a
n
d
d
r
iv
e
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
to
its
lo
w
s
tate.
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
it
ca
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
as
a
d
u
t
y
c
y
c
le
ad
j
u
s
ter
,
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
as
s
iv
e
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
i
s
m
ad
e
v
ar
iab
le.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
r
esis
to
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n
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t
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.
1
hA
t
R
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(
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Fig
u
r
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4
s
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th
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r
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r
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3
.
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.
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m
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h
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m
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ar
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m
eter
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ch
a
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as
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iv
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p
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t
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ar
e
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r
er
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ite
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eter
m
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at
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m
u
lat
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r
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s
ca
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Fo
r
t
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at
p
u
r
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e
q
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atio
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(
1
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(
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er
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ex
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t
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lated
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r
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I
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t J
P
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w
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lec
&
Dr
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y
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I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
694
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I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
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t J
P
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w
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lec
&
Dr
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S
y
s
t
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Vo
l.
9
,
No
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2
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J
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:
889
–
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ato
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b
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MO
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RE
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NC
E
S
[1
]
M
o
h
a
m
e
d
,
M
.
E.
,
&
Ei
ss
a
,
A
.
H.
A
.
(2
0
1
2
).
P
u
lse
d
e
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tri
c
f
i
e
ld
s
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r
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o
o
d
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ro
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e
ss
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g
tec
h
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o
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g
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.
In
S
tru
c
t
u
re
a
n
d
fu
n
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ti
o
n
o
f
f
o
o
d
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
.
I
n
T
e
c
h
.
[2
]
R.
Qu
a
ss
,
D.
W
.
(1
9
9
7
).
P
u
lse
d
e
lec
tri
c
f
ield
p
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
in
t
h
e
f
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o
d
in
d
u
stry
.
a
S
ta
t
u
s
Rep
o
rt
o
n
PE
F
,
El
e
c
tric
Po
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r R
e
se
a
rc
h
In
stit
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te,
P
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l
o
Al
to
,
CA
,
CR
-
1
0
9
7
4
2
.
[3
]
He
n
d
rix
,
C.
M
.
,
&
Re
d
d
,
J.
B.
(
1
9
9
5
).
C
h
e
m
istr
y
a
n
d
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
o
f
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it
ru
s
ju
ice
s
a
n
d
b
y
-
p
ro
d
u
c
t
s.
In
Pro
d
u
c
ti
o
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n
d
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a
c
k
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g
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g
o
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o
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ted
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ice
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n
d
f
r
u
it
b
e
v
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ra
g
e
s
(
p
p
.
5
3
-
8
7
).
S
p
rin
g
e
r
US
.
[4
]
Qin
,
B.
L
.
,
Ch
a
n
g
,
F
.
,
Ba
rb
o
s
a
-
Cf
in
o
v
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s,
G
.
V
.
,
a
n
d
S
w
a
n
s
o
n
,
B.
G
.
(1
9
9
5
).
No
n
th
e
rm
a
l
in
a
c
ti
v
a
ti
o
n
o
f
S
a
c
c
h
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ro
m
y
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e
s
c
e
re
v
isiae
in
a
p
p
l
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ju
ice
u
sin
g
p
u
lse
d
e
lec
tri
c
f
ield
s.
L
e
b
e
n
sm
.
-
W
iss.
Tec
h
n
o
l.
2
8
,
5
6
4
-
5
6
8
.
[5
]
Zh
a
n
g
,
Q.
H.,
Qiu
,
X
.
,
&
S
h
a
rm
a
,
S
.
K.
(1
9
9
7
).
Re
c
e
n
t
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
in
p
u
lse
d
e
lec
tri
c
f
ield
p
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
.
W
a
sh
i
n
g
t
o
n
,
DC.
N
a
t
io
n
a
l
F
o
o
d
Pro
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rs
Asso
c
i
a
ti
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n
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Ne
w
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
Y
e
a
rb
o
o
k
,
2
,
3
1
-
42
.
[6
]
L
o
e
ff
ler
M
.
J.,
(2
0
0
6
)
.
G
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
a
n
d
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
o
f
h
ig
h
in
ten
sity
p
u
lse
d
e
lec
tri
c
f
ield
s.
p
u
lse
d
e
lec
tri
c
f
ield
s
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
f
o
r
th
e
f
o
o
d
i
n
d
u
stry
fu
n
d
a
m
e
n
tals a
n
d
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s.
is
b
n
-
1
3
:
9
7
8
-
0
3
8
7
-
3
1
0
5
3
-
4
.
p
2
7
:
7
2
.
[7
]
Ba
rb
o
sa
-
Ca
n
o
v
a
s,
G
.
V
.
,
&
S
e
p
ú
lv
e
d
a
,
D.
(2
0
0
5
).
P
re
se
n
t
sta
tu
s
a
n
d
th
e
f
u
tu
re
o
f
P
EF
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
.
No
v
e
l
fo
o
d
pr
o
c
e
ss
in
g
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
, 1
-
44.
[8
]
Ba
rb
o
sa
-
Cá
n
o
v
a
s,
G
.
V
.
,
&
A
lt
u
n
a
k
a
r,
B.
(2
0
0
6
).
P
u
lse
d
e
lec
tri
c
f
ield
s
p
r
o
c
e
ss
in
g
o
f
f
o
o
d
s:
a
n
o
v
e
rv
ie
w
.
In
Pu
lse
d
e
lec
tric f
ield
s tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
f
o
r t
h
e
f
o
o
d
in
d
u
stry
(
p
p
.
3
-
2
6
).
S
p
r
in
g
e
r
US
.
[9
]
Je
y
a
m
k
o
n
d
a
n
,
S
.
,
Ja
y
a
s,
D.
S
.
,
&
Ho
ll
e
y
,
R.
A
.
(1
9
9
9
)
.
P
u
lse
d
e
lec
tri
c
f
ield
p
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
o
f
f
o
o
d
s:
a
re
v
ie
w
.
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
f
o
o
d
p
r
o
tec
ti
o
n
,
62
(
9
),
1
0
8
8
-
1
0
9
6
.
[1
0
]
W
o
u
ters
,
P
.
C.
,
A
lv
a
re
z
,
I.
,
&
Ra
so
,
J.
(2
0
0
1
).
Crit
ica
l
f
a
c
to
rs
d
e
term
in
in
g
in
a
c
ti
v
a
ti
o
n
k
in
e
ti
c
s
b
y
p
u
lse
d
e
lec
tri
c
f
ield
f
o
o
d
p
r
o
c
e
ss
in
g
.
T
re
n
d
s i
n
F
o
o
d
S
c
ien
c
e
&
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
12
(
3
)
,
1
1
2
-
1
2
1
.
[1
1
]
Am
i
a
li
,
M
.
,
Ng
a
d
i,
M
.
O.,
Ra
g
h
a
v
a
n
,
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p
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sites
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su
lato
r
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o
n
d
it
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n
m
o
n
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ri
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g
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.