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3
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[
8
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an
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Po
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[
9
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.
Ho
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I
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lat
io
n
an
d
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
o
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
s
u
s
i
n
g
f
i
n
ite
ele
m
en
t
m
et
h
o
d
c.
T
o
p
er
f
o
r
m
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
n
th
e
d
esig
n
s
’
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
d
ch
o
o
s
e
th
e
b
est d
esi
g
n
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
w
o
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
s
w
er
e
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
b
ased
o
n
s
u
itab
le
l
in
ea
r
g
e
n
er
ato
r
to
p
o
lo
g
y
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
s
w
er
e
s
i
m
u
lated
an
d
o
p
ti
m
ized
u
s
in
g
Fi
n
ite
E
le
m
en
t
Me
th
o
d
.
I
n
s
tead
o
f
j
u
s
t
co
m
p
ar
in
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
s
w
i
th
ea
c
h
o
t
h
er
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
s
w
er
e
al
s
o
b
ein
g
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
i
th
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
d
esig
n
to
o
b
s
er
v
e
f
o
r
an
y
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t.
2
.
1
.
WE
C
T
ec
hn
o
lo
g
y
a
nd
P
ro
po
s
ed
Desig
n
Flo
atin
g
b
o
d
y
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
w
a
s
ch
o
s
e
n
to
b
e
u
s
ed
in
t
h
is
r
esear
ch
b
ec
au
s
e
i
t
ca
n
b
e
u
s
e
d
in
s
m
a
ll
s
ca
le
ap
p
licatio
n
an
d
s
i
m
p
ler
p
o
w
er
tak
e
-
o
f
f
(
PT
O)
ca
n
b
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
w
it
h
th
i
s
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
w
h
ich
is
d
ir
ec
t
d
r
iv
e
[
4
]
.
Dir
ec
t
d
r
iv
e
lin
ea
r
g
en
er
ato
r
h
as
less
er
m
ec
h
an
ical
p
ar
t
th
an
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
r
o
tar
y
g
en
er
ato
r
an
d
t
h
u
s
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
a
n
d
m
ai
n
ten
a
n
ce
co
s
t
[
1
0
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
g
en
er
al
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
f
lo
atin
g
b
o
d
y
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
w
i
th
li
n
ea
r
g
e
n
er
at
o
r
.
T
o
p
o
lo
g
y
o
f
li
n
ea
r
elec
tr
ical
m
ac
h
in
e
ca
n
b
e
ca
teg
o
r
ized
i
n
to
s
ev
er
al
g
r
o
u
p
w
h
ic
h
ar
e;
1
)
tu
b
u
lar
o
r
p
lan
ar
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e,
2
)
s
lo
tted
o
r
s
lo
tles
s
s
tato
r
,
an
d
3
)
ir
o
n
-
co
r
ed
o
r
air
-
co
r
ed
.
Op
r
ea
et
al.
s
tu
d
ied
th
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
s
o
f
p
er
m
a
n
en
t
m
a
g
n
et
li
n
ea
r
g
en
er
ato
r
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
t
u
b
u
lar
a
n
d
p
lan
ar
f
o
u
r
-
s
id
ed
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
f
o
r
b
o
th
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es
w
er
e
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
w
h
e
n
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
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i
n
d
u
ce
d
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
co
il
m
a
g
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et
ic
f
l
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x
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
t
h
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
io
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o
f
t
u
b
u
lar
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s
m
o
r
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d
if
f
ic
u
lt
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
f
o
u
r
-
s
id
ed
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast,
th
e
w
eig
h
t
o
f
th
e
f
o
u
r
-
s
id
ed
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
is
h
ea
v
ier
f
o
r
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
s
an
d
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
as
t
h
e
t
u
b
u
lar
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
a
n
d
th
u
s
ca
u
s
e
s
lar
g
er
lo
s
s
[
1
1
]
.
T
u
b
u
l
ar
to
p
o
lg
y
u
s
i
n
g
p
er
m
an
e
n
t
m
ag
n
et
is
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
f
o
r
th
is
r
esear
ch
a
s
it
w
i
ll
m
ax
i
m
ize
p
o
w
er
d
en
s
it
y
,
m
a
g
n
et
ic
f
l
u
x
d
en
s
it
y
an
d
ef
f
ic
ien
c
y
as
w
ell
as
ab
le
to
m
i
n
i
m
ize
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
f
o
u
r
-
s
id
ed
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
[
1
2
]
.
B
izzo
ze
r
o
et
al.
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
t
w
o
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
o
f
t
u
b
u
lar
lin
ea
r
g
en
er
ato
r
f
o
r
s
ea
w
a
v
e
e
n
er
g
y
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
th
e
s
lo
tted
an
d
s
lo
tles
s
p
er
m
a
n
en
t
m
a
g
n
et
g
e
n
er
ato
r
s
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
e
y
co
n
cl
u
d
ed
th
at
th
e
u
s
ag
e
o
f
th
e
s
lo
tted
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
w
ill
g
i
v
e
r
is
e
to
m
o
r
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
d
i
f
f
icu
l
ties
a
n
d
b
y
ex
te
n
s
io
n
,
t
h
e
c
o
s
t.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
w
h
e
n
co
m
p
ar
in
g
i
n
ter
m
o
f
th
e
f
o
r
ce
ac
tin
g
o
n
t
h
e
co
il,
th
e
m
ag
n
it
u
d
e
o
f
f
o
r
ce
f
o
r
s
lo
tles
s
is
lo
w
er
t
h
a
n
t
h
e
m
ag
n
it
u
d
e
o
f
s
lo
tted
g
en
er
ato
r
d
u
e
to
h
ig
h
co
g
g
in
g
an
d
e
n
d
ef
f
ec
t
s
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
s
lo
tted
g
en
er
ato
r
g
en
er
ate
s
m
o
r
e
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
b
u
t
less
ac
tiv
e
p
o
w
er
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
s
lo
tles
s
g
e
n
er
ato
r
.
Nev
er
th
ele
s
s
,
s
lo
tted
to
p
o
lo
g
y
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
h
ig
h
f
l
u
x
d
en
s
itie
s
an
d
s
h
ee
r
s
tr
es
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
s
lo
tles
s
o
n
e
[
1
3
]
,
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
s
lo
tles
s
s
tato
r
w
as
ch
o
s
en
to
b
e
u
s
ed
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
o
b
tain
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
co
g
g
i
n
g
f
o
r
ce
.
T
h
is
w
ill
p
r
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lo
n
g
t
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e
li
f
esp
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o
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th
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a
n
e
n
t
m
ag
n
et
b
ec
au
s
e
t
h
e
m
o
tio
n
o
f
p
is
to
n
is
e
v
en
a
n
d
co
n
s
ta
n
t [
1
5
]
.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
u
tili
ze
s
h
alb
ac
h
m
ag
n
et
co
n
f
ig
u
r
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i
n
s
tead
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ax
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d
r
ad
ial
co
n
f
ig
u
r
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b
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au
s
e
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t
is
ex
p
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to
p
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w
it
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m
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m
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Ha
lb
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r
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w
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√
2
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
e
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s
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m
a
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co
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f
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as s
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F
ig
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r
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2
.
Fig
u
r
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1
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Flo
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T
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h
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o
lo
g
y
w
it
h
L
i
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ea
r
Gen
er
ato
r
[
3
]
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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Dim
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I
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PEDS
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363
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RE
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1
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a
p F
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u
r
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ased
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h
tl
y
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
v
en
t
io
n
al
s
h
ap
e.
I
t
is
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
t
h
at
f
u
r
th
er
s
t
u
d
y
t
o
b
e
co
n
d
u
cted
i
n
f
ab
r
icatin
g
th
e
d
esi
g
n
s
o
t
h
at
ex
p
er
i
m
en
tal
te
s
tin
g
ca
n
b
e
d
o
n
e.
Fro
m
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
r
es
u
lts
,
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
d
ata
ca
n
th
e
n
b
e
v
alid
ated
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
w
o
u
ld
lik
e
to
th
an
k
U
n
i
v
er
s
it
i
T
ek
n
o
lo
g
i
P
E
T
R
ONAS
an
d
Mi
n
i
s
tr
y
o
f
Hi
g
h
e
r
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
f
o
r
t
h
e
a
w
ar
d
ed
Fu
n
d
a
m
e
n
tal
R
esear
ch
Gr
a
n
t Sc
h
e
m
e
(
F
R
G
S).
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
A
.
Cle
m
e
n
t,
e
t
a
l.
,
―
W
a
v
e
e
n
e
rg
y
in
Eu
ro
p
e
:
c
u
rre
n
t
sta
tu
s
a
n
d
p
e
rsp
e
c
ti
v
e
s,‖
Ren
e
wa
b
le
a
n
d
S
u
st
a
in
a
b
le
E
n
e
rg
y
Rev
iews
,
v
o
l.
6
,
p
p
.
4
0
5
–
3
1
,
2
0
0
2
.
[2
]
R.
Ke
m
p
e
n
e
r
a
n
d
F
.
Ne
u
m
a
n
n
,
―
W
a
v
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
b
rief
,
‖
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Ren
e
wa
b
le
E
n
e
rg
y
Ag
e
n
c
y
(
IRE
NA),
Ab
u
Dh
a
b
i,
U
n
it
e
d
Ara
b
Emira
tes
,
2
0
1
4
.
[3
]
M
.
A
.
U.
Am
ir,
e
t
a
l.
,
―
W
a
v
e
En
e
rg
y
Co
n
v
e
rto
rs
(W
EC):
A
re
v
i
e
w
o
f
th
e
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
p
o
w
e
r
g
e
n
e
r
a
ti
o
n
,
‖
i
n
P
r
o
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
2
n
d
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
M
a
th
e
m
a
ti
c
s,
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
In
d
u
strial
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
S
o
n
g
k
h
la,
T
h
a
il
a
n
d
,
2
0
1
6
.
[4
]
B.
P
.
Dre
w
,
e
t
a
l.
,
―
A
re
v
ie
w
o
f
wa
v
e
e
n
e
rg
y
c
o
n
v
e
rter
t
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
‖
in
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
In
stit
u
ti
o
n
o
f
M
e
c
h
a
n
ica
l
E
n
g
in
e
e
rs
,
Pa
rt
A:
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r a
n
d
E
n
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l
/
issu
e
:
2
2
3
(
8
)
,
p
p
.
8
8
7
-
9
0
2
,
2
0
0
9
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
IJ
PEDS
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
201
7
:
3
6
0
–
3
6
6
366
[5
]
―
P
e
lam
is
W
a
v
e
P
o
w
e
r,
‖
T
h
e
Eu
ro
p
e
a
n
M
a
ri
n
e
En
e
rg
y
C
e
n
ter
L
td
.
[
On
l
in
e
]
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
:
//
ww
w
.
e
m
e
c
.
o
rg
.
u
k
/ab
o
u
t
-
u
s
/w
a
v
e
-
c
li
e
n
ts/p
e
la
m
is
-
w
a
v
e
-
p
o
we
r
[
A
c
c
e
ss
e
d
:
O
c
to
b
e
r
1
0
,
2
0
1
6
]
[6
]
―
O
y
ste
r
W
a
v
e
De
v
ice
In
sta
ll
a
ti
o
n
,
‖
F
u
g
ro
S
e
a
c
o
re
.
[
O
n
li
n
e
].
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
:
//
ww
w
.
se
a
c
o
re
.
c
o
m
/p
ro
jec
ts/O
y
ste
rOr
k
n
e
y
s
[
A
c
c
e
ss
e
d
:
Oc
to
b
e
r
1
0
,
2
0
1
6
]
[7
]
―
A
q
u
a
m
a
rin
e
P
o
w
e
r,
‖
T
h
e
Eu
ro
p
e
a
n
M
a
rin
e
En
e
rg
y
Ce
n
ter L
td
.
[On
li
n
e
]
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
:/
/w
ww
.
e
m
e
c
.
o
rg
.
u
k
/ab
o
u
t
-
u
s/w
a
v
e
-
c
li
e
n
ts/p
e
lam
is
-
wa
v
e
-
p
o
we
r
[
A
c
c
e
ss
e
d
:
Oc
to
b
e
r
1
0
,
2
0
1
6
]
[8
]
T
.
He
a
th
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
―
T
h
e
d
e
sig
n
,
c
o
n
stru
c
ti
o
n
a
n
d
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
th
e
L
IM
P
ET
w
a
v
e
e
n
e
rg
y
c
o
n
v
e
rter
(Is
la
y
,
S
c
o
tl
a
n
d
),
‖
in
4
th
E
u
ro
p
e
a
n
W
a
v
e
Po
we
r Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
,
De
n
ma
rk
,
p
p
.
4
9
–
5
5
,
2
0
0
0
.
[9
]
OP
T
—
Oc
e
a
n
P
o
w
e
r
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le
f
ro
m
h
tt
p
:/
/w
ww
.
o
c
e
a
n
p
o
w
e
rtec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
.
c
o
m
/
(a
c
c
e
ss
d
a
te
1
Ju
ly
2
0
0
8
)
[1
0
]
M
.
Ha
m
i
m
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
o
f
a
tu
b
u
l
a
r
p
e
rm
a
n
e
n
t
ma
g
n
e
t
li
n
e
a
r
g
e
n
e
ra
t
o
r
fo
r
wa
v
e
e
n
e
rg
y
c
o
n
v
e
rs
io
n
u
si
n
g
fi
n
it
e
e
lem
e
n
t
me
th
o
d
,
”
i
n
2
0
1
4
5
th
In
tern
a
t
io
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
In
telli
g
e
n
t
a
n
d
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
S
y
ste
m
s
(
ICIA
S
),
p
p
.
1
-
5
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
1
]
C.
Op
re
a
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Per
ma
n
e
n
t
ma
g
n
e
t
li
n
e
a
r
g
e
n
e
ra
t
o
r
fo
r
re
n
e
wa
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s:
T
u
b
u
la
r
v
s.
fo
u
r
-
sid
e
d
stru
c
tu
re
s,
”
in
2
0
1
1
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
Clea
n
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
P
o
w
e
r
(ICCEP
),
p
p
.
5
8
8
-
5
9
2
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
2
]
A
.
M
.
Ei
d
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Co
g
g
i
n
g
fo
r
c
e
min
imiza
ti
o
n
o
f
li
n
e
a
r
e
n
g
in
e
-
c
o
u
p
le
d
tu
b
u
l
a
r
p
e
rm
a
n
e
n
t
ma
g
n
e
t
li
n
e
a
r
AC
sy
n
c
h
ro
n
o
u
s
g
e
n
e
ra
to
r,
”
in
T
h
e
3
rd
IET
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
M
a
c
h
in
e
s
a
n
d
Driv
e
s
,
p
p
.
116
-
1
2
0
,
2
0
0
6
.
[1
3
]
F
.
Bizz
o
z
e
ro
,
e
t
a
l.
,
―
D
y
n
a
m
ic
m
o
d
e
l,
p
a
ra
m
e
ter
e
x
trac
ti
o
n
,
a
n
d
a
n
a
ly
si
s
o
f
t
w
o
to
p
o
l
o
g
ies
o
f
a
tu
b
u
lar
li
n
e
a
r
g
e
n
e
ra
to
r
f
o
r
se
a
wa
v
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
p
ro
d
u
c
ti
o
n
,
‖
in
2
0
1
4
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
y
mp
o
siu
m
o
n
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tr
o
n
ics
,
El
e
c
trica
l
Dr
ive
s,
Au
to
ma
t
io
n
a
n
d
M
o
ti
o
n
(
S
PE
EDAM
)
,
p
p
.
4
3
3
-
4
3
8
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
4
]
N.
P
.
G
a
rg
o
v
,
e
t
a
l.
,
―
S
e
p
a
ra
ted
m
a
g
n
e
t
y
o
k
e
f
o
r
p
e
rm
a
n
e
n
t
m
a
g
n
e
t
li
n
e
a
r
g
e
n
e
ra
to
r
f
o
r
m
a
rin
e
wa
v
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
c
o
n
v
e
rters
,
‖
El
e
c
tric P
o
we
r S
y
s
tem
s R
e
se
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l.
1
0
9
,
p
p
.
6
3
-
7
0
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
5
]
A
.
De
m
e
n
k
o
,
e
t
a
l
.,
―
Op
ti
m
isa
ti
o
n
o
f
a
tu
b
u
lar
li
n
e
a
r
m
a
c
h
in
e
w
it
h
p
e
rm
a
n
e
n
t
m
a
g
n
e
ts
f
o
r
w
a
v
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
e
x
trac
ti
o
n
,
‖
COM
PE
L
-
T
h
e
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
fo
r
C
o
mp
u
ta
ti
o
n
a
n
d
M
a
t
h
e
ma
ti
c
s
in
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
3
0
,
p
p
.
1
0
5
6
-
1
0
6
8
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
6
]
J.
O
.
T
e
n
k
o
rra
n
g
a
n
d
J.
H.
L
a
n
g
,
―
A
c
o
mp
a
ra
ti
v
e
a
n
a
lys
is
o
f
t
o
rq
u
e
p
ro
d
u
c
ti
o
n
i
n
Ha
l
b
a
c
h
a
n
d
c
o
n
v
e
n
ti
o
n
a
l
su
rfa
c
e
-
mo
u
n
ted
p
e
rm
a
n
e
n
t
-
m
a
g
n
e
t
sy
n
c
h
ro
n
o
u
s
m
o
to
rs
,
”
in
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
Re
c
o
rd
o
f
th
e
1
9
9
5
IEE
E
In
d
u
stry
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
T
h
irt
ieth
IA
S
A
n
n
u
a
l
M
e
e
ti
n
g
V
o
l
u
m
e
,
Orla
n
d
o
,
F
l
o
rid
a
,
v
o
l.
1
,
p
p
.
6
5
7
-
6
6
3
,
1
9
9
5
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S
O
F
AUTH
O
RS
Nu
r
sy
a
m
i
m
i
S
h
a
h
a
b
u
d
i
n
w
a
s
b
o
rn
i
n
Ke
d
a
h
,
M
a
lay
sia
o
n
Oc
to
b
e
r
1
9
9
3
.
S
h
e
o
b
tain
e
d
h
e
r
Ba
c
h
e
lo
r
d
e
g
re
e
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
fro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
Tek
n
o
lo
g
i
P
ET
RON
A
S
in
y
e
a
r
2
0
1
6
.
S
h
e
c
o
n
d
u
c
ted
re
se
a
rc
h
o
n
p
o
rta
b
le
li
n
e
a
r
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
m
a
c
h
in
e
d
e
sig
n
f
o
r
h
e
r
F
i
n
a
l
Ye
a
r
P
ro
jec
t
(F
YP
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.
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