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A New
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RF
).
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p
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p
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K
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w
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r
d
:
Dis
tr
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g
e
n
er
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(
DG)
Fu
el
c
ell
(
F
C
)
Gr
id
-
C
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n
n
ec
ted
i
n
v
er
ter
Har
m
o
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W
in
d
t
u
r
b
in
e
(
W
T
)
Co
p
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rig
h
t
©
201
7
In
s
t
it
u
te o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
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d
E
n
g
i
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c
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.
Al
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rig
h
ts
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C
o
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p
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A
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r
:
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.
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g
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8
1
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.
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m
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m
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1.
I
NT
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s
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ter
m
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e
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DG)
s
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s
te
m
s
,
in
w
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ch
g
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n
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ted
in
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ter
s
ar
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co
n
n
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ted
i
n
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allel
w
it
h
ea
c
h
o
t
h
er
to
f
o
r
m
a
m
icr
o
g
r
id
(
MG
)
.
T
h
e
MG
s
ar
e
lo
ca
l
d
is
tr
ib
u
t
io
n
g
r
id
s
,
w
h
ich
i
n
clu
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th
r
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m
p
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tan
t
p
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t
s
u
c
h
a
s
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s
,
p
o
w
er
elec
tr
o
n
ics
a
n
d
co
n
tr
o
l
s
t
r
ateg
ies
[
1
]
.
Se
v
er
e
p
o
w
er
q
u
alit
y
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
b
r
o
u
g
h
t
b
y
an
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
DGs,
e.
g
.
,
w
in
d
tu
r
b
i
n
e
(
W
T
)
s
y
s
te
m
s
an
d
f
u
e
l
ce
ll (
FC
)
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
as
w
ell
a
s
t
h
e
n
o
n
li
n
ea
r
lo
ad
s
.
T
r
ad
itio
n
all
y
,
T
h
e
DGs
ar
e
n
o
r
m
a
ll
y
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
u
ti
lit
y
g
r
id
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
g
r
id
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
p
u
ls
e
w
i
d
t
h
m
o
d
u
latio
n
(
P
W
M)
in
v
er
ter
s
,
w
h
ic
h
s
u
p
p
ly
th
e
ac
tiv
e
a
n
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
s
to
t
h
e
m
ai
n
g
r
id
[
2
]
.
B
esid
es
th
e
g
e
n
er
atio
n
o
f
r
ea
l
p
o
w
er
,
th
ese
i
n
v
er
ter
s
ca
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
p
o
w
er
q
u
alit
y
o
f
t
h
e
g
r
id
th
r
o
u
g
h
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ate
g
ies.
O
n
e
p
r
o
b
le
m
in
MG
s
is
th
e
to
tal
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
tio
n
(
T
HD)
o
f
th
e
in
ter
f
ac
e
i
n
v
er
ter
s
f
o
r
cu
r
r
en
t e
x
c
h
a
n
g
ed
w
it
h
t
h
e
g
r
id
.
T
h
e
A
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
f
ilter
(
A
P
F)
h
as
b
ee
n
p
r
o
v
ed
as
a
f
lex
ib
le
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
co
m
p
en
s
a
tin
g
t
h
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
tio
n
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
v
ar
io
u
s
n
o
n
li
n
ea
r
lo
ad
s
i
n
p
o
w
er
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
I
n
1
9
7
6
,
Gy
u
g
y
i
an
d
Str
y
c
u
la
[
3
]
,
p
r
esen
ted
a
f
am
il
y
o
f
s
h
u
n
t
an
d
s
er
ie
s
ac
tiv
e
p
o
w
er
f
ilter
s
(
A
P
Fs
)
an
d
estab
lis
h
ed
th
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
an
A
P
F
co
n
s
i
s
ti
n
g
o
f
a
P
W
M
in
v
er
ter
u
s
i
n
g
a
p
o
w
er
tr
an
s
is
to
r
.
H
y
b
r
id
co
m
p
en
s
atio
n
(
HC
)
h
a
s
th
e
ad
v
an
ta
g
es
o
f
b
o
th
p
a
s
s
i
v
e
an
d
ac
ti
v
e
f
ilter
s
f
o
r
i
m
p
r
o
v
in
g
p
o
w
er
q
u
alit
y
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
.
Un
f
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n
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,
t
h
e
tr
ad
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al
A
P
Fs
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b
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h
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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PEDS
I
SS
N:
2088
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8
694
A
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mp
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s
a
tio
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C
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Gri
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Win
d
Tu
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b
in
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F
u
el
C
ell
.
.
.
.
(
A
.
N
a
d
erip
o
u
r
)
273
T
r
a
d
itio
n
all
y
,
t
h
e
i
n
ter
f
ac
e
in
v
er
ter
s
u
s
ed
in
MG
s
h
a
v
e
b
eh
av
ed
as
cu
r
r
en
t
s
o
u
r
ce
s
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
y
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
m
a
in
g
r
id
.
T
h
e
in
ter
f
ac
e
in
v
er
ter
co
n
tr
o
ller
m
u
s
t
b
e
ab
le
to
co
p
e
w
it
h
u
n
b
alan
ce
d
u
tili
t
y
g
r
id
cu
r
r
en
ts
a
n
d
cu
r
r
e
n
t
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
,
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
w
it
h
i
n
th
e
r
a
n
g
e
g
iv
e
n
b
y
th
e
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
q
u
a
li
t
y
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t
s
o
f
th
e
lo
ca
l
lo
ad
s
a
n
d
MG
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
i
m
ar
y
g
o
al
o
f
a
p
o
w
er
-
ele
ctr
o
n
ic
in
ter
f
ac
e
i
n
v
er
ter
is
to
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
p
o
w
er
in
j
ec
tio
n
[
4
]
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
co
m
p
en
s
atio
n
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
q
u
a
l
it
y
p
r
o
b
le
m
,
s
u
c
h
as
c
u
r
r
en
t
h
ar
m
o
n
ics,
ca
n
b
e
ac
h
iev
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
ies.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
e
n
t
l
y
,
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
DGs
m
u
s
t
b
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
to
m
ee
t
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
s
w
h
e
n
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[
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e
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]
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]
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]
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[6
]
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.
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p
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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278
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b
e
r
o
f
IE
T
(
U.K.)
.
He
is
a
re
g
istere
d
P
ro
f
e
ss
io
n
a
l
E
n
g
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e
e
r
(
P
.
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n
g
.
)
in
M
a
la
y
sia
a
n
d
a
Ch
a
rtere
d
En
g
i
n
e
e
r
(C.
En
g
.
)
i
n
th
e
U
n
it
e
d
Kin
g
d
o
m
.
M
o
h
d
H
a
fiz
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a
b
i
b
u
d
d
in
re
c
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v
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d
h
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En
g
.
a
n
d
M
.
En
g
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d
e
g
re
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s
in
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le
c
tri
c
a
l
e
n
g
in
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e
rin
g
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
r
siti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
sia
,
in
2
0
0
0
a
n
d
2
0
0
3
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
l
y
a
n
d
re
c
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e
d
h
is
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h
.
D.
d
e
g
re
e
f
ro
m
th
e
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
Hi
ro
sh
im
a
,
Ja
p
a
n
in
2
0
0
7
.
Cu
rre
n
tl
y
h
e
is
a
s
e
n
io
r
L
e
c
tu
re
r
a
t
th
e
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
sia
(UT
M
),
Jo
h
o
r,
M
a
lay
si
a
.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
st i
s o
n
th
e
p
o
w
e
r
sy
ste
m
p
ro
tec
ti
o
n
a
n
d
t
h
e
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
o
f
A
I
in
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
ste
m
.
M
e
h
d
i
M
o
r
a
d
i
(S
’1
0
)
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
B.
S
c
.
a
n
d
M
.
S
c
.
d
e
g
re
e
s
in
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
Isla
m
ic
A
z
a
d
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
Ira
n
in
2
0
0
7
a
n
d
2
0
1
0
,
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
ly
,
a
n
d
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
th
e
P
h
.
D.
stu
d
e
n
t
a
t
th
e
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
la
y
sia
(U
T
M
),
Jo
h
o
r
Ba
h
r
u
,
M
a
la
y
sia
.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
p
o
w
e
r
m
a
r
k
e
t,
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
o
f
F
A
C
T
S
d
e
v
ice
s
in
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
ste
m
a
n
d
c
o
n
g
e
stio
n
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t.
M
o
h
a
m
m
a
d
Re
z
a
M
iv
e
h
re
c
e
i
v
e
d
h
is
P
h
D
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
r
siti
Tek
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
sia
(U
T
M
)
in
2
0
1
7
.
C
u
rre
n
t
ly
,
h
e
is
lec
tu
re
r
in
P
o
w
e
r
De
p
a
rt
m
e
n
t
in
Isla
m
ic
A
z
a
d
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
A
ra
k
.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
st
in
c
lu
d
e
s
m
icro
g
rid
c
o
n
tr
o
l
a
n
d
p
ro
tec
ti
o
n
,
sm
a
rt
g
rid
,
a
n
d
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
ste
m
sta
b
il
it
y
Ha
d
i
Na
b
ip
o
u
r
-
Af
ro
u
z
i.
He
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
B.
S
.
d
e
g
re
e
f
ro
m
Isla
m
i
c
A
z
a
d
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
Bo
jn
o
u
rd
,
Ira
n
in
2
0
0
5
.
T
h
e
M
.
S
c
De
g
r
e
e
in
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
U
n
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
si
a
(UT
M
),
Jo
h
o
r,
M
a
lay
sia
in
2
0
1
1
.
In
2
0
1
5
,
h
e
g
ra
d
u
a
ted
a
s
a
P
h
.
D.
f
ro
m
th
e
De
p
a
rt
m
e
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
sia
(U
T
M
),
Jo
h
o
r,
M
a
lay
sia
.
Cu
rre
n
tl
y
h
e
is
a
P
o
s
-
Do
c
to
ra
l
re
se
a
rc
h
e
r
a
t
T
e
h
ra
n
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
Ira
n
.
A
lso
,
h
e
is
a
lec
tu
re
r
a
t
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
De
p
a
rtm
e
n
t,
Isla
m
ic
Az
a
d
u
n
iv
e
rsity
o
f
F
i
ro
o
z
k
o
o
h
,
T
e
h
ra
n
,
Ira
n
.
Cu
rre
n
tl
y
,
h
is
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
a
r
e
p
a
rti
a
l
d
isc
h
a
rg
e
p
h
e
n
o
m
e
n
o
n
,
f
a
u
lt
in
h
ig
h
v
o
lt
a
g
e
in
su
lato
rs,
re
n
e
w
a
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
a
n
d
d
istri
b
u
ted
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
s.
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