In
te
r
n
ation
a
l Jou
rn
al
o
f Po
we
r
Elec
tron
ic
s an
d
D
r
ive S
y
stem
(IJ
PED
S
)
V
o
l.
10, N
o.
2, June
2
01
9, pp.
813~
8
2
1
IS
S
N
: 2088-
86
94,
D
O
I
:
10.11
59
1
/ij
ped
s
.
v10
.
i
2.pp
8
13-
82
1
8
13
Jou
rn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
:
ht
tp:
//i
a
e
score
.
com
/
j
o
u
r
na
l
s
/
i
n
d
e
x
.
p
hp/IJ
PED
S
A review on differen
t
control techn
i
qu
es using
DSTATCOM
f
or
distribution s
y
ste
m
studie
s
K. Sw
e
tha, V
.
S
i
v
a
chidambaran
a
than
Dep
a
rtm
e
nt of
EEE,
S
at
hyabama I
ns
titu
te of
Sci
e
nce and
Tech
nolo
g
y
,
Indi
a
Art
i
cl
e In
fo
ABSTRACT
A
r
tic
le hist
o
r
y
:
R
e
ce
i
v
e
d
Sep 6,
2018
Re
vise
d N
ov
1
9
,
201
8
A
c
c
e
pte
d
F
eb 15,
2
0
1
9
Thi
s
p
a
p
e
r
f
o
c
us
o
n
distr
i
bu
ti
on
s
yste
m
by
a
p
p
ly
in
g
d
i
ffe
re
nt
c
ont
ro
l
tech
ni
ques
in
o
rder
t
o
imp
r
ove
t
h
e
p
erf
o
rman
ce
of
t
he
s
ystem
.
I
n
the
di
st
rib
u
ti
on
s
y
s
tem
m
a
i
n
l
y
c
on
c
e
nt
rat
e
o
n
po
we
r
qu
alit
y
i
s
s
u
es
lik
e
reactiv
e
po
wer
co
nt
rol
,
h
armo
ni
c
eliminati
on,
p
ower
f
a
c
tor
correcti
o
n
,
e
t
c
.
Becaus
e
of
p
ow
er
quality
p
rob
l
em
s
voltag
e
,
curren
t
,
f
r
eq
uen
c
y
are
co
n
t
i
nu
ou
s
l
y
chan
gi
ng
in
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
tems
.
T
h
es
e
chan
g
e
s
wi
ll
e
f
f
ects
th
e
p
e
rfo
rm
ance
of
po
wer
sy
ste
m
s
.
P
o
w
er
q
u
a
lit
y
p
ro
bl
ems
can
b
e
co
m
p
ens
a
ted
b
y
p
l
a
ci
n
g
DS
TATCO
M
w
hich
i
s
conn
ected
a
t
P
CC
i
n
p
arall
e
l.
I
t
is
s
hunt
c
on
nected
VS
I
al
ong
w
ith
t
he
f
i
l
t
e
rs,
with
t
h
e
h
el
p
of
D
STAT
COM
vo
lt
age
s
ag,
s
w
ell
and
TH
D
can
b
e
c
o
nt
rolled.
T
his
pap
e
r
pres
ents
d
etail
e
d
ex
pl
a
n
a
t
i
on
a
bo
u
t
perf
o
r
man
ce
an
d
con
f
ig
uration
o
f
l
at
est
con
t
rol
t
e
c
h
ni
qu
es
t
o
c
ont
rol
th
e
DSTATC
O
M
.
K
eyw
ord
s
:
AI
DSTA
TC
OM
HEPWM
NFC
NN
PSPWM
,
PWM
RL
S
Co
pyri
gh
t © 2
019 In
stit
u
t
e
of Advanced
En
gi
neeri
n
g
an
d
S
c
ien
ce.
All
rights
res
e
rv
ed.
Corres
pon
d
i
n
g
Au
th
or:
K.
S
w
e
tha,
Department
o
f
EEE,
S
a
t
hya
bam
a
I
nstit
u
t
e
of S
c
i
en
ce
and
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
O
l
d Ma
ha
bal
i
p
u
ra
m
Rd, K
amara
j
N
aga
r
,
Jeppiaar
Na
g
ar,
Chen
na
i,
T
am
il N
a
du
6
0
0
119,
I
ndia
.
Em
ail:
sw
ethas
a
th
ya
ba
ma
@g
ma
i
l
.
c
om
1.
I
N
TR
OD
U
C
TI
O
N
Ge
nera
lly,
Power
sy
stem
i
s
com
b
i
n
a
tio
n
o
f
G
ene
r
at
io
n,
T
ra
nsmiss
i
o
n
a
n
d
D
i
stri
b
u
ti
on
of
pow
er
.
The
ma
in
c
o
n
s
ide
r
ati
o
n
is
q
ual
ity
o
f
p
o
w
e
r
del
i
vere
d
t
o
c
ons
um
e
rs
[
1
]
.
In
r
ec
en
t
y
e
a
r
s
u
s
ag
e
of
P
o
w
er
Elec
tron
ic e
qu
i
p
me
nt a
nd rea
c
t
i
v
e p
o
w
e
r con
s
umi
ng loa
d
s a
r
e
inc
r
ease
d
t
h
e
se are
the m
ain ca
uses f
or t
h
e
rise
of pow
er q
ua
li
ty pro
b
l
em
s.
T
o re
duce p
o
w
e
r qua
l
ity pro
ble
m
s
shu
n
t
a
c
t
iv
e
p
o
w
e
r
f
il
t
e
r
s
a
r
e
u
s
e
d
,
i
t
is
s
im
i
l
a
r
to
v
o
l
tage
s
our
c
e
i
n
v
e
r
ter
to
p
rod
u
ce
re
verse
ha
rm
oni
c
curre
nt
s
u
s
i
ng
C
lark’
s
t
rans
f
o
rm
ati
o
n
tec
h
n
i
que.
T
hi
s
con
t
ro
l
st
r
a
teg
y
u
se
d
t
o
i
ns
t
a
nta
n
e
o
u
s
r
eac
tive
pow
er
t
he
ory
t
o
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
shu
n
t
ac
t
i
ve
pow
er
f
i
lte
r
fo
r
non
line
a
r
loa
d
s
[2
].
T
he
re
a
re
m
any
pow
e
r
qua
l
i
t
y
p
ro
b
l
em
s,
o
u
t
o
f
t
he
m
compe
n
sa
tio
n
of
r
eac
t
i
ve
p
ow
er
a
n
d
elimi
n
a
t
io
n
of
h
ar
mon
i
c
c
u
rre
n
t
s
a
r
e
t
h
e
m
a
jor
pro
b
l
e
m
s,
t
hese
are
cause
d
by
n
o
n
l
i
n
ear
l
oa
d
s
,
these
pro
b
lem
s
c
a
n
over
c
ome
by
a
c
ti
ve
pow
e
r
f
i
l
ter
s
a
n
d
t
o
co
n
t
ro
l
t
h
e
ac
tiv
e
p
o
w
er
f
i
l
t
e
rs,
Ph
ase
Lo
c
k
e
d
L
oop
(P
LL)
a
re
p
laced
m
a
jor
role.A
l
l
e
q
u
i
pme
n
t
re
late
d
t
o
E
lec
t
r
i
c
a
l
a
nd
El
e
c
t
r
on
i
c
s
are
su
ff
e
r
s
f
r
om
p
o
w
er
qua
l
ity
p
ro
b
l
e
m
s
w
h
e
n
t
hey
ar
e
co
nnec
t
e
d
t
o
di
stri
b
u
ti
on
s
ys
tem
[
3].
Thi
s
m
a
y
l
ea
ds
t
o
su
d
d
e
n
c
ha
nge
i
n
curr
ent,
vol
ta
g
e
p
rofile
s
w
h
i
c
h
results
in
p
oor
perform
an
ce
o
f
e
qui
p
m
ent
an
d
p
o
w
er
l
osses
by
u
sin
g
fu
n
d
am
enta
l
f
r
eque
nc
y
base
d
m
o
di
fi
ed
I
d
-I
q
c
ontro
l
sc
hem
e
t
o
de
ve
lo
p
refere
n
c
e
c
u
rre
nt
t
o
c
ontr
o
l
D
S
TA
TCO
M
,
out
o
f
al
l
t
h
e
c
u
stom
pow
e
r
d
evice
s
d
istr
ib
uti
o
n
com
p
e
n
sa
tor
is
one
o
f
the
mos
t
e
ffect
i
v
e
pow
er
dev
ice
t
o
e
xp
l
a
i
n
t
he is
s
ues r
e
late
d
to
pow
er
qua
l
ity
[
4]
.
A
D
i
str
i
b
u
t
i
on
S
t
at
ic
C
om
pe
nsa
t
or
(
DS
TAT
C
OM
)
i
s
a
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
S
o
u
r
c
e
I
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
(
V
S
I
)
-
b
a
s
e
d
P
o
w
e
r
Elec
tron
ic
d
e
v
ice
[5]
.
U
sual
ly,
th
is
d
e
v
ic
e
is
s
up
p
o
rte
d
by
sh
o
rt-
t
e
r
m
ene
r
g
y
s
t
o
re
d
in
a
D
C
ca
pa
citor
.
A
lterna
t
ive
l
y,
i
t
ca
n
als
o
c
l
e
an
up
the v
o
l
t
a
ge
o
f
a uti
l
i
t
y b
u
s
from
a
n
y
unba
lanc
e a
n
d har
m
on
ic
d
istort
i
o
n.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
: 208
8-
869
4
Int J
Pow
El
ec &
D
ri
S
yst
,
Vol
.
10,
N
o.
2
, June 2019 : 813
–
82
1
81
4
I
n
p
ower
E
lec
t
ro
nic
s
c
o
n
t
rol
l
e
r
c
ircu
i
t
s
d
i
f
f
er
ent
co
n
t
rol
l
tec
hni
q
u
e
s
u
s
ed
a
re
P
W
M
t
ec
hni
qu
e
s
,
R
e
so
n
a
nt
C
onv
e
r
t
e
rs
,
D
C
-D
C
co
nv
e
r
t
e
r
ci
rc
u
i
t
s
,
M
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
I
nv
er
ter
,
e
tc.
B
i
-
D
irec
t
i
o
n
al
T
heee
P
hase
P
a
r
alle
l
Re
s
ona
n
t
H
i
g
h
F
r
e
quecn
y
A
C
l
in
k
c
o
n
v
ert
e
r
is
g
ive
n
[
6]
.
Tw
o
P
h
a
se
I
nter
lea
v
e
d
h
i
g
h
gai
n
D
C
c
o
nve
r
t
er
us
i
n
g
MP
P
T
A
lg
ori
t
hm
i
s
e
x
p
l
a
i
n
[7].
E
nha
nce
m
e
t
o
f
A
c
ti
ve
P
ow
e
r
F
il
t
e
r
u
s
i
ng
SRF
Th
e
r
oy
i
s
give
n
[
8
]
I
n
t
e
r
l
e
a
v
e
d
D
C
-
D
C
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
i
s
e
x
p
l
a
i
n
e
d
[
9
]
H
a
l
f
B
i
r
dge
R
es
o
n
an
t
Co
nve
r
t
e
r
t
ec
hn
ique
i
s
e
x
pl
ai
nd
[10
]. PI c
o
n
t
rol
e
r
a
n
d
Fu
zz
y
lo
gi
c
co
nt
rol
l
e
r
ci
rc
ui
ts
are
pr
opose
d
i
n a
l
l
the
ab
o
v
e
P
o
w
e
r Elect
ron
i
cs
con
t
ro
l
l
er
c
ircuit f
o
r ge
tt
in
g t
h
e
desired
out
p
u
t
vo
l
tage
a
nd g
a
i
n
.
The
des
i
g
n
is show
n
in
F
igure
1.
A
dva
nta
g
e
s
o
f
D
S
TA
TCO
M
:
a.
It c
ompe
nsa
t
es
nega
t
ive
seq
u
e
nc
e
curre
nts.
b.
F
o
r
var
i
ous
t
y
p
e
s
of loa
d
com
p
en
sate
s
rea
c
t
i
v
e pow
e
r
.
c.
El
i
m
ina
t
es
h
a
r
m
oni
c
s
effec
t
i
ve
ly
w
hic
h
a
re cause
d by t
h
e
no
n l
i
near
l
oad
s
.
d.
It w
ill pe
rform
ha
r
m
onic
com
p
en
sa
ti
on a
n
d l
o
ad ba
l
a
n
c
i
n
g
a
l
s
o.
e.
Im
proves
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
ent ha
rm
on
ic
dis
t
o
r
t
i
on.
f.
It im
p
roves
the
qual
i
ty
o
f
pow
er
by re
duci
ng
vo
l
t
a
g
e sa
gs
a
n
d
f
lu
ct
u
a
ti
on
s.
F
i
gur
e 1.
P
ow
e
r
f
low
dia
g
r
a
m
C
ons
ide
r
a
s
ys
t
e
m
ha
v
i
ng
so
urce
a
n
d
l
oa
d
a
f
ter
g
i
vi
n
g
s
u
p
p
l
y
be
ca
use
of
d
i
f
fer
e
nt
t
y
p
es
o
f
loa
d
some
unw
a
n
t
e
d
q
u
a
n
t
i
t
i
e
s
l
i
k
e
H
arm
onics,
Re
ac
t
i
ve pow
e
r
,
voltag
e
sa
g
e
&
s
w
e
l
l
s
ar
e
fe
d
bac
k
to
s
u
pp
l
y
s
i
d
e
[1
1]-
[
1
4
].
T
o
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
t
h
ese
u
n
wan
t
ed
p
a
r
a
m
ete
r
s,
a
d
e
v
i
ce
is
c
o
n
n
ec
te
d
a
t
a
p
o
i
nt
o
f
c
o
mm
on
c
o
u
p
li
ng
b
y
cha
n
g
i
n
g
t
he
c
on
tro
l
t
ec
hn
i
que
s.
F
or
e
xa
m
p
l
e
c
on
si
der
a
P
I
c
on
t
r
o
l
l
er
,
this
c
omp
a
re
t
he
g
iv
en
s
o
u
rc
e
para
me
ters
w
ith
r
e
f
er
ence
p
a
r
am
eter
s
a
n
d
gene
ra
te
p
u
l
se
s.
T
hese
p
u
l
se
s
a
r
e
used
t
o
ope
ra
te
V
S
I
-IG
BT
circ
u
i
t.
T
he
c
o
n
tr
ol
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
c
om
pensa
t
e
s
o
u
t
pu
t
par
a
m
e
ters
[
15]
.
Thus
by
c
h
a
n
g
i
ng
t
h
e
de
v
i
ce
c
o
n
t
ro
l
tech
n
i
q
u
e,
t
he
unw
an
te
d
pa
r
a
m
e
ter
s
a
re
c
on
tro
lle
d
a
nd
the
per
f
o
rm
ance
o
f
t
h
e
dis
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
on
s
y
ste
m
a
r
e
improved,
P-
Q
referen
ce
t
h
e
o
ry
i
s
use
d
t
o
deve
l
o
p
refere
nce
c
u
r
rents
to
c
on
tro
l
D
S
T
A
T
CO
M
t
o
i
m
p
rove
pow
er
qua
l
ity.
A
D
i
stribu
ti
o
n
stat
ic
c
om
pe
n
s
at
or
i
s
a
pow
er
d
evice
w
h
ic
h
is
c
o
nn
ect
e
d
i
n
shun
t
co
nfig
u
r
a
t
ion
to
dec
r
ea
se
t
he
p
rob
l
em
s
relate
d
to
p
ow
e
r
q
u
a
li
ty
w
h
i
c
h
i
n
c
lu
des
h
a
r
m
onic
el
i
m
i
n
at
i
o
n,
l
oa
d
ba
la
nc
i
n
g
l
i
k
e
vo
lta
ge
a
n
d
c
urr
e
nt
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
p
r
oble
m
s.
I
n
t
h
is
r
e
v
iew
va
ri
ous
c
o
nt
rol
te
ch
ni
qu
e
s
f
o
r
D
STATCOM
a
r
e
me
ntio
ne
d c
l
ea
rly.
2.
S
Y
S
T
EM
C
O
N
F
I
GU
R
A
TI
O
N
The
F
i
gure
2.
s
how
s
the
circ
ui
t
dia
g
ra
m
fo
r
vo
l
t
a
g
e
s
our
ce
b
a
se
d
D
S
TA
TCO
M
c
o
nne
cted
t
o
3-
pha
se
A
C
main
s
lea
d
ing
to
t
he
n
on
l
i
n
e
a
r
l
o
a
d
s
w
i
th
s
ource
i
m
p
e
da
n
c
e
Z
s
(
Z
s
=R
+j
X
L
)
to
c
on
t
r
ol
t
h
e
DSTA
TC
OM
u
si
ng
s
e
l
f
t
unin
g
fil
t
e
rs
b
a
s
ed
o
n
dif
f
e
re
nt
c
o
n
t
r
ol
t
ec
hn
i
q
ues
for
the
e
s
t
i
ma
tio
n
of
r
efe
r
enc
e
curr
ent ge
nera
tio
n [
16]-[1
8
]
.
H
ere
in
pu
t var
i
a
b
le
s
a
r
e c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
a
t
P
C
C
v
ol
t
a
ges of
(
V
a
,V
b
,V
c
)
supp
l
y
c
urre
nt
(I
sa
,
I
sb
,
I
sc
)
lo
ad
c
urr
e
nt
(
I
La
,
I
Lb
,
I
Lc
).
I
n
t
h
a
t
i
n
t
erfaci
n
g
in
d
u
c
t
ance
s
a
r
e
con
n
e
c
te
d
a
t
d
istri
b
ut
i
o
n
s
i
de
o
f
vo
lta
ge
s
o
u
rce
V
s
f
or
r
educ
ti
on
of
r
i
p
p
l
e
c
u
rre
nt.
Thre
e
ph
a
s
e
D
S
TA
TCO
M
t
op
o
l
o
g
y
w
i
t
h
i
n
t
e
r
f
a
c
i
n
g
L
C
L
fi
l
t
e
r
s
D
S
TA
TCO
M
g
ives
s
ufficie
n
t
rea
c
t
i
v
e
pow
er
d
e
m
a
nd
to
t
he
l
o
a
d
s
i
d
e
s
o
t
h
a
t
o
n
l
y
a
c
t
i
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
i
s
gene
ra
ted
b
y
t
he
s
o
u
rce
an
d
it
w
i
l
l
d
e
l
ive
r
ed
t
o
t
h
e
loa
d
s
t
h
e
r
efor
e
s
o
urce
s
rem
a
ins
ba
l
a
nce
d
a
nd
s
in
u
s
o
i
da
l,
dc
l
i
n
k
ca
pac
i
t
o
rs
a
re
p
lace
d
for
n
e
u
t
ral
cu
rre
nt
c
om
pens
a
t
i
o
n
an
d
a
l
so
a
c
t
i
ng
as
pow
e
r
e
xcha
n
g
ers
to
t
he
con
v
er
t
e
rs.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
P
o
w
Elec
&
D
r
i
S
y
st
I
S
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
A re
vi
e
w
on
di
ff
e
r
en
t
cont
rol
te
ch
ni
q
u
e
s u
s
i
n
g
DS
TAT
C
O
M
f
o
r di
str
i
bu
ti
on
sy
st
e
m
s
t
u
d
i
e
s (
K
. S
w
et
ha
)
81
5
F
i
gur
e
2.
V
ol
ta
g
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
ba
sed
D
S
TA
TCOM
3.
DIFFER
E
NT
C
ONT
R
OL
T
E
C
HNIQUES
3.
1.
PS
WM t
echniq
u
e
I
n
2
018
A
.
A
w
all
u
din,
C
.
L
to
hi
n
pr
opo
se
d
t
h
i
s
t
ec
hni
q
u
e
[19]
f
or
Casca
d
e
d
M
u
l
tile
ve
l
C
o
n
v
erter
s
,
wh
en
t
h
e
r
ecu
p
e
r
a
t
i
n
g
co
nv
e
r
t
e
r
sy
s
t
em
p
rodu
c
e
d
high
h
armo
ni
c
c
u
r
r
e
nt,
t
h
is
c
a
n
c
ompe
n
s
a
t
e
d
w
it
h
P
S
P
W
M.
P
S
-
P
W
M
of
f
e
r
e
d
e
x
tr
e
m
el
y
low
di
st
or
t
i
o
n
in
ph
a
s
e
cu
rr
e
n
t
.
I
n
2
017
R
.
S
h
i
ba
ran
i
,
D
r
.C.Srin
iv
asa
r
a
o,
D
r.
M.
V
i
j
a
ya
k
um
ar
a
[
2
0
]
o
ff
ere
d
P
S
P
W
M
b
ase
d
f
i
v
e
leve
l
s
h
u
nt
a
cti
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
f
i
l
t
er
f
or
pow
er
qua
l
i
t
y
im
pr
o
v
em
ent
i
n
pow
er
s
yste
m
netw
or
k.
I
n
thi
s
p
a
p
er
m
a
i
n
o
b
j
ec
ti
ves
a
r
e
hor
m
o
n
i
c
e
lim
in
a
t
ion
an
d
pow
e
r
f
act
or
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
me
nt
.
The
s
e
c
a
n
be
d
o
n
e
w
i
t
h
t
he
h
e
l
p
o
f
p
hase
s
h
i
f
t
c
a
rri
e
r
p
uls
e
w
i
d
t
h
m
odu
l
a
t
i
on
tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
a
l
o
ng
with
clar
k
t
ransfor
m
a
t
io
n. Due t
o n
o
n
l
i
n
ea
r
l
oa
ds,
p
o
w
e
r
qua
lit
y pr
o
b
le
ms ar
e
i
ncr
easi
n
g
i
n
di
str
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
sy
stem
.
I
n
pow
er
qua
l
i
t
y
pr
o
b
l
e
m
s
hor
mon
i
cs ar
e
m
a
in
c
o
n
s
i
de
rat
i
o
n
.
In
t
h
i
s
artic
le to
re
d
u
ce the
hor
m
o
nics
by
us
i
n
g
f
i
ve
l
e
v
e
l
c
a
s
cade
d
m
u
l
ti
l
e
v
el
D
S
T
A
T
CO
M
is
p
l
a
c
e
d,
t
o
gener
a
t
e
g
at
in
g
s
i
g
n
a
l
s
to
t
he
vo
l
t
age
s
o
urce
i
n
v
erter
,
phas
e
s
hi
ft
car
rier
P
WM
t
ec
h
n
i
q
ue
i
s
u
sed.
I
n
th
is
t
ec
h
n
iq
ue
c
om
par
i
s
i
o
n
b
etw
e
en
tra
i
ng
u
l
ar
c
a
rrier
s
ig
nal
s
w
i
t
h
sinus
o
i
da
l
ref
f
er
ence
s
ig
na
l
s
i
s
do
ne,
t
o
g
e
n
er
a
t
e
tr
i
g
ger
i
n
g
p
u
l
sess
t
o
V
S
I.
I
n
th
is
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
te
c
h
n
i
que
c
a
s
ca
de
d
5-
le
ve
l
in
ver
t
er
h
a
s
b
ee
n
i
m
pl
e
me
n
t
ed
b
ased
o
n
sh
u
n
t
acti
v
e
p
o
we
r
fi
lt
e
r
,
to
c
o
n
v
ert
t
h
ree
p
h
ase
s
o
urc
e
v
o
lta
ges
V
sa
,V
sb
,V
sc
a
nd
l
oa
d
c
u
r
r
e
nts
I
la
,I
lb
,I
lc
i
nt
o
t
w
o
pha
se
V
α
,V
β
a
nd
I
α
,I
β
c
a
n
be
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
ed
by
usin
g
c
l
ar
k
tr
a
n
s
f
or
ma
tio
n.
T
he
o
u
t
p
u
t
o
f
c
l
a
r
k
t
r
a
nsform
atio
n
is
g
ive
n
a
s
a
i
n
p
u
t
o
f
the
p
&
q
tr
an
sf
or
m
a
ti
o
n
.
I
n th
is a
c
t
ive
a
nd r
e
ac
ti
ve
pow
er
s
ar
e
de
v
i
de
s an
d
pa
sse
d
thr
oug
h
pass
b
a
nd
f
i
l
t
e
r
s t
h
e
r
efor
e
a
c
t
i
v
e
a
n
d
r
e
a
c
t
i
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
s
a
r
e
u
p
t
ain
e
d
and
t
h
e
referen
ce
cu
rre
nt
a
r
e
d
e
t
e
r
m
i
ne
d.
W
i
t
h
t
he
h
el
p
o
f
o
utpu
t
o
f
c
l
a
r
k t
r
ansf
or
m
a
tio
n
vo
l
t
ag
e
,
a
long
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
o
u
t
pu
t of
a
c
t
i
v
e
a
n
d
r
ea
ct
ive
pow
e
r
s
the
s
e
a
r
e
gi
ven
as
a
i
np
u
t
t
o
the
i
nve
r
c
e
c
l
a
r
k
t
r
ansf
or
m
a
ti
on
(
α
β
to
a
bc)
.
The
F
i
g
u
r
e
3
s
ho
w
s
t
he
P
S
-
PWM
Te
c
h
n
i
qu
e
.
T
he
se
i
n
v
e
r
s
e
C
lar
k
t
r
a
n
sfor
mat
i
on
o
utp
u
t
s
a
r
e
g
i
v
en
as
i
npu
ts
t
o
the
referen
c
e
cu
rren
t
s
of
P
S-
PWM.
I
n
th
e
P
S
P
W
M
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
f
i
r
i
n
g
p
ul
se
s
to
pow
er
s
w
itc
hi
n
g
o
f
V
S
I
by
u
s
i
ng
t
hi
s
te
ch
n
i
q
u
e
in
t
h
i
s
ar
ticle
%
T
H
D
a
t
s
our
c
e
side
i
s
ma
i
n
ta
ine
d
w
ith
in
I
EEE
519
s
ta
nda
rds
i.
e
3.
27
so
t
ha
t
s
our
c
e
c
ur
r
e
nt
m
ainta
i
ne
d
ba
l
a
nc
ed
w
a
y
t
ha
t
w
i
ll
n
o
t
e
ffe
c
t
the
l
o
ads
whic
h
are
c
o
nne
cted
a
t
PC
C
.
F
i
g
u
r
e 3
.
PS-
PWM Tech
niq
u
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
: 208
8-
869
4
Int J
Pow
El
ec &
D
ri
S
yst
,
Vol
.
10,
N
o.
2
, June 2019 : 813
–
82
1
81
6
3.2.
Harm
onic
el
i
m
inat
ion
PWM
techn
i
que
I
n
2
01
7A
hme
d
M
a
j
ed,
Za
i
n
al
S
alam
,
A
bdua
l
Moee
d
A
m
j
a
d
[2
1]
d
e
v
el
o
p
e
d
H
a
rm
onic
e
l
im
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
P
W
M
ba
se
d
d
i
r
e
c
t
c
o
n
t
r
ol
f
or
23
le
v
e
l
mul
t
i
l
e
v
e
l
d
is
tri
b
uti
o
n
S
TA
TC
O
M
u
s
i
ng
d
ifferential
evo
l
ut
ion
a
l
g
o
rithm
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
a
u
thor
s
e
x
pla
i
ne
d
ab
o
u
t
ha
rm
onic
e
l
i
m
i
n
ati
on
P
W
M
t
ech
ni
q
u
e
,
and
e
x
pl
ai
ns
t
he
c
o
mp
a
r
i
s
o
n
s
bet
w
ee
n
HEPWM
&
P
SPWM
[2
2
]
-[
24
].
T
he
obj
e
c
t
iv
e
o
f
t
hi
s
arti
cl
e
i
s
h
armo
ni
c
e
l
i
m
i
n
a
t
i
on
[2
5].
By
u
si
ng
m
ul
t
i
l
e
ve
l
v
o
l
tage
s
o
u
rc
e
in
ver
t
e
r
o
n
l
y
n
o
n
t
ri
p
l
e
n
t
h
armo
ni
c
c
o
mpon
en
ts
a
re
c
o
n
s
i
d
ered
f
o
r
the
el
i
m
i
n
at
i
on
bec
a
u
se,
tr
iple
nt
h
arm
o
n
i
cs
a
re
r
e
duces
t
he
i
nt
er
nal
ha
rm
onic
s
r
e
d
uces
l
i
n
e
t
o
l
i
n
e
vo
l
t
a
g
es
t
o
so
l
v
e
1
1
H
E
P
W
M
sw
itc
hi
ng
a
ng
l
e
s
ca
n
be
p
e
r
form
ed
b
y
usin
g
D
E
a
l
g
ori
t
h
m
t
ha
t
i
s
s
yn
t
h
es
ise
d
t
o
23
le
vel
ca
sc
ade
d
m
ulti
l
e
v
e
l
V
S
I
by
u
s
i
ng
t
h
e
s
e
h
i
g
h
e
r
le
vel
s
o
f
m
u
l
t
i
l
ev
el
V
SI
.
The
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
l
ta
ge
w
il
l
incr
eas
e
.
S
o
tha
t
t
here
is no
n
eed
t
o
u
s
e ste
p
up tra
n
sf
orme
rs to
boos
t ou
t
p
u
t
v
ol
t
a
ge.
Adva
n
t
age
s
of
H
E
P
W
M
ar
e
a.
Wi
de
m
od
u
l
at
i
on i
n
dex.
b.
Sm
all in ste
p
siz
e
.
c.
THD
v
a
lues a
re
b
elow 5%
.
d.
Im
proves
out
p
u
t v
o
lta
ge.
e.
S
upe
ri
or
h
a
r
m
o
n
i
c
s
p
ec
tra
& low
e
r
sw
i
t
c
h
i
ng los
s
e
s
s
o
fi
x
e
d
sw
i
tc
h
i
n
g
freque
nc
y
c
a
n
r
ed
uce
the
s
i
ze o
f
cou
p
l
i
ng
in
duc
t
o
r
.
The
F
i
gure
4
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
har
m
on
ic
e
l
i
m
i
na
ti
o
n
u
si
n
g
P
W
M
t
ec
h
n
iq
ue
.
T
o
e
li
m
i
na
te
h
arm
o
n
i
cs
i
n
the
gi
ve
n
system
m
ust
depe
n
d
s
on
pr
o
p
er
e
xc
h
a
nge
o
f
re
act
iv
e
pow
er
and
eff
i
ci
e
n
t
con
t
ro
l
o
f
D
STATC
O
M
[26
]
to
ach
ie
ve
t
h
i
s
tw
o
a
ppr
oac
h
e
s
a
re
p
rese
n
t
d
ire
c
t
&
i
ndi
re
ct
c
o
n
t
ro
l
[27
]
.
In
t
hi
s
cont
rol
t
e
chni
qu
e
ma
i
n
conc
e
n
trat
io
n
i
s
o
n
p
h
a
s
e
a
n
g
l
e
o
f
V
S
I
(
δ)
&
m
od
u
l
at
i
on
I
nde
x
(
M),
he
re
pha
se
a
n
g
le
i
s
co
ntro
l
va
ria
b
le
a
n
d
modu
la
ti
o
n
is t
r
e
a
ted
as a
con
sta
n
t a
t
m
axim
um
va
l
ue
o
f
m
odu
lat
i
on i
n
de
x.
Swi
t
chi
n
g
a
ngl
e
s
o
f
ea
ch
H
-b
ri
d
g
e
a
re
g
e
n
era
t
ed
b
a
s
ed
o
n
co
mp
ar
is
on
b
et
we
en
l
ow
f
req
u
e
n
c
y
re
fe
ren
c
e
si
gn
al
m
odu
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
w
i
t
h
hi
gh
fre
qu
en
cy
t
ri
a
n
g
u
la
r
ca
r
ri
er
s
i
g
n
a
l
.
T
h
e
R
equi
re
d
s
w
i
t
c
hi
ng
ang
l
e
s
a
re
pre
c
o
mp
u
t
ed
b
y
so
l
v
i
ng
the
equa
t
i
o
n
s
st
ore
d
i
n
t
h
e
m
e
m
o
ry
w
hen
e
v
e
r
t
he
r
equ
i
re
me
n
t
o
f
w
a
ve
c
on
str
u
c
t
ion
it
f
e
t
c
h
f
rom
m
e
m
o
ry.
Mai
n
l
y
c
on
tro
l
l
e
r
di
vi
de
d
i
n
t
o
t
hree
p
ar
t
s.
T
hey
are
,
a
)
G
e
ner
a
ti
o
n
o
f
d-q
curr
ent
b)
Inner
cur
r
ent
con
t
ro
l
an
d
c) PW
M
g
ener
at
i
on
[2
8],
[29]
I
n
t
hi
s
c
o
ntr
o
ll
er
,
ma
inly
c
o
n
s
ists
o
f
p
h
ase
l
o
cke
d
l
oop
a
l
o
ng
w
i
t
h
d
q
par
k
t
ransform
ati
on.
I
t
is
u
se
d
to
c
onve
rt
t
im
e
varyi
n
g
pa
ram
e
te
rs
i
nt
o
dc
q
ua
n
tit
ies
from
the
po
in
t
of
c
ommo
n
c
o
upl
ing
ex
t
r
ac
t
v
a
ri
ab
l
e
s
o
f
vo
lta
ge
&
c
urre
nt,
t
h
ese
a
r
e
gi
v
i
n
g
i
n
p
u
t
t
o
t
he
p
ark
tra
n
sform
a
tio
n,
h
ere
t
h
ose
qua
n
tit
ies
ar
e
co
nve
r
t
e
d
i
nt
o
dc
qua
n
tit
ies
in
o
rde
r
t
o
g
e
ne
rate
p
ro
por
ti
o
n
al
i
n
t
egr
a
l
si
gna
l
s
[
30].
O
n
e
o
f
t
he
i
n
p
u
t
i
s
f
rom
park
trans
f
or
ma
t
i
o
n
o
u
tp
ut
a
n
d
o
the
r
o
ne
i
s
fr
om
e
xtra
cte
d
d
c
par
a
m
e
ters
a
t
VSI
w
i
th
t
hi
s
co
n
t
rol
l
e
r
g
e
n
er
ates
pro
p
er
V
cd
*,
V
cq
*
a
r
e
con
v
ert i
n
to
M
, δ
a
re
g
i
v
en
as
inp
u
t
t
o t
h
e P
W
M ge
ne
rat
o
r
.
In the given s
ys
tem
these M
val
u
e are
pr
e c
a
lcu
l
a
t
e
d
b
y us
in
g
D
E
a
ppr
oa
ch w
here
a
s
δ va
lue
a
r
e retrie
ved from
t
h
e t
a
ble
s
. D
e
pe
nds on t
h
e
val
u
es
o
f M of
fer
e
d by
co
n
t
ro
ll
e
r
.
O
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
ge o
f gri
d
is sy
n
c
hr
o
n
i
z
e
d
w
i
t
h
the
he
l
p o
f
P
LL
.
Figure
4.
H
armon
i
c
el
imi
n
at
i
o
n us
in
g
P
W
M t
echn
i
que
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
A revie
w
on d
iffere
nt
co
n
t
ro
l
te
chn
i
que
s
usi
n
g
D
S
T
A
TCO
M
f
o
r dist
rib
u
t
i
o
n
system
stud
ie
s (K
.
Swe
t
h
a
)
81
7
3.3.
Re
curs
i
v
e
l
e
a
s
t s
q
ua
re
(RL
S
)
h
a
r
mo
nic
estima
tio
n
techniqu
e
I
n
2
0
18 Bh
ims
i
n
g
h
[
3
1
]
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
m
a
xim
u
m
pow
er
poi
nt
trac
k
ing
te
c
h
ni
que to
a
t
h
re
e
pha
se
s
y
s
tem
to
e
n
h
anc
e
p
o
w
e
r
qual
i
t
y
a
n
d
s
u
p
por
t
t
h
e
t
h
ree
pha
se
A
C
grid
b
y
s
u
ppl
yi
n
g
p
ow
er
b
o
t
h
t
o
t
he
g
r
i
d
a
nd
t
h
e
con
n
ec
ted
l
o
a
d
s.
I
n
20
15
P
r
iy
abra
t
ga
rana
ya
k,
G
aya
dhar
P
a
nda,
P
ra
vat
K
u
ma
r
Ra
y
[3
2]
i
l
l
us
t
r
ate
d
h
ar
m
onic
est
i
ma
t
i
o
n
u
s
i
ng
R
LS
a
l
g
ori
t
hm
a
n
d
e
l
i
m
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
w
it
h
im
p
r
ove
d
c
u
rre
nt
c
on
tro
l
t
ec
hni
q
u
e
base
d
S
A
P
F
i
n
a
di
stri
b
u
t
i
on
ne
tw
ork
[3
3]
,
[34]
.
I
n
t
his
pa
pe
r
e
xpl
a
i
ne
d
a
b
o
u
t
re
cursi
v
e
le
ast
squa
re
h
arm
o
n
i
c
est
i
m
a
t
i
o
n
tech
n
i
q
u
e,
i
n
t
h
i
s
a
mp
li
tude
a
nd
p
hase
a
n
g
l
e
of
b
a
s
i
c
f
unda
me
nt
a
l
h
ar
mon
i
cs
i
s
p
e
rfor
m
ed.
Advan
t
a
g
e
s
o
f
RL
S
a
r
e
,
a.
W
ith
t
hi
s
c
o
m
p
ut
a
t
ion
i
s
Ea
s
y
.
b.
A
c
c
u
rac
y
is go
od.
c.
G
o
o
d
c
onve
rge
n
c
e
.
d.
Tra
c
ki
ng t
i
m
e
l
ess.
e.
P
o
w
e
r fac
t
or
is
nea
r
ly u
ni
ty.
RLS
te
ch
n
i
q
u
e
i
s
u
se
d
t
o
g
e
n
er
ate
pu
lse
s
o
r
com
m
a
nds
t
o
tur
n
o
n
t
he
vol
tage
s
o
u
rc
e
in
verte
r
b
ase
d
on tw
o a
ppr
oa
c
h
es l
ike
a)
F
reque
nc
y
doma
i
n
approa
c
h
a
nd
b)
T
i
m
e
dom
ai
n appr
o
a
ch.
I
n
case
o
f
f
re
qu
e
n
c
y
d
om
ai
n
ap
proac
h
s
ig
na
ls
w
i
l
l
ge
ne
ra
t
e
b
y
u
sin
g
Fo
u
r
i
e
r
me
t
hod
o
r
ka
l
m
on
fi
l
t
e
r
in
g m
e
th
o
d
,
i
n
t
im
e
d
o
ma
i
n
a
p
p
roa
c
h
[
35],
[36]
t
o
ge
ner
a
t
e
pulse
s
ma
y div
i
de
d in
to
a.
Insta
n
ta
ne
ou
s
P
-
Q
theory.
b.
S
ync
hr
on
o
u
s
d
-
q r
e
fe
renc
e fram
e
theory.
c.
Notc
h fil
t
er
s
or
P
I
con
t
rol
l
ers.
RLS
te
c
h
n
i
que
i
s
use
d
f
or
e
s
tima
t
or
,
from
t
he
A
C
b
u
s
n
o
i
s
y
harm
o
n
i
c
s
i
g
n
a
l
s
a
r
e
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
e
d
a
n
d
the
s
e
are
trea
te
d
as
a
t
est
s
i
g
n
al
s.
T
h
i
s
a
l
gor
i
t
hm
i
s
a
p
p
lic
a
b
l
e
f
or
t
w
o
t
im
es,
one
i
s
s
our
ce
curr
en
t
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
and
w
i
t
h
s
hu
n
t
act
i
v
e
pow
er
f
ilter
s
t
o
gene
ra
te
r
efe
r
enc
e
s
i
gna
l
s
f
or
s
w
i
tc
hi
n
g
ope
rati
o
n
.
S
h
u
n
t
ac
tive
pow
e
r
fi
l
t
e
r
i
s
des
i
gn
ed
t
o
co
n
v
er
t
fi
xed
abc
t
o
r
ota
t
i
n
g
dq
f
r
a
m
e
a
n
d
i
n
this
case low
pa
ss
fil
t
ers
als
o
use
d t
o
r
e
duc
e
the
harm
on
ics
in
n
o
n
l
i
n
ear
c
urre
nt
a
nd
a
l
so
f
or
b
e
tter
p
e
r
f
orm
a
nc
e
of
s
hu
n
t
a
ct
i
v
e
pow
er
f
i
l
ter
i
m
prov
e
d
curr
ent
c
o
n
t
ro
l
l
ed
t
e
c
h
n
i
qu
e
s
a
lso
use
d
f
or
d
is
tri
b
uti
on
s
i
de
b
y
usi
ng
RLS
t
e
c
h
n
i
qu
e
[3
7],
[38]
e
stim
ate
domi
n
a
n
t
h
a
rmon
ics o
f
s
u
ppl
y
side
c
urr
e
nt a
n
d
als
o e
s
t
i
m
a
te
f
un
dam
e
n
t
al p
ha
se a
n
g
l
e
a
nd
am
plit
ud
e.
3.4.
A
n
a
rtif
i
c
ial
in
telli
genc
e
ba
sed
c
o
ntr
o
l
l
e
r
I
n
2
01
4
V
a
s
u
nd
hara
M
a
h
a
j
an,
P
r
am
od
A
g
arw
a
l,
H
ari
O
m
G
uptha
p
rop
osed
[
39]
A
n
A
r
ti
fic
i
a
l
in
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
ce
b
a
s
e
d
c
o
n
t
ro
ller
for
m
u
l
tile
ve
l
harm
on
ics
fi
lte
r.
In
t
hi
s
arti
fi
ci
al
i
n
t
e
l
li
g
e
n
ce
b
a
s
e
d
c
ont
rol
l
e
r
i
s
use
d
f
or
h
armon
i
c
c
o
mpe
n
sa
tio
n
a
n
d
dc
v
o
lta
ge
r
eg
u
l
at
i
on.
T
hi
s
t
h
eor
y
i
s
use
d
t
o
de
v
e
lop
a
nd
es
t
i
ma
te
t
he
refere
nce
cur
r
e
n
t b
y
t
hi
s be
tte
r pe
rform
a
nc
e w
ill ob
se
rved
[
40]
.
Advantages
a
re,
a.
Fast
re
s
p
o
ndi
ng
t
i
m
e.
b.
Easy a
n
d
qu
i
c
k
e
sti
m
at
io
n o
f
F
ourie
r a
n
al
ysi
s
.
c.
D
o
esn’t
req
u
ir
e
any
ma
t
h
e
m
a
t
i
c
a
l
m
ode
l.
d.
Re
pet
i
t
i
v
e
trai
ni
n
g
and
se
lf a
djus
t
i
n
g
ca
p
a
b
i
lit
y.
In
t
hi
s
ca
se
c
o
n
s
i
d
er
h
armo
n
i
c
f
ilt
ers
h
a
ve
f
iv
e
l
e
v
e
l
c
a
sc
a
d
e
d
H
-b
ri
dg
e
mu
lti
l
e
v
e
l
i
n
v
e
rt
e
r
a
nd
artific
ia
l
i
n
tel
l
i
g
e
n
ce
ba
se
d
c
o
n
t
ro
lle
r
use
d
.
Th
is
c
o
n
t
ro
lle
r
is
c
om
b
i
na
ti
on
of
F
uzz
y
l
og
ic
c
on
tro
l
ler
[41]
,
ANN
cu
rren
t
c
o
n
t
r
ol
l
e
r
and
F
S
P
W
M.
I
n
t
h
is
s
ch
eme
i
n
st
ant
a
n
e
ou
s
p
o
we
r
t
h
eo
ry
i
s
i
m
pl
emen
t
e
d
an
d
refere
nce
com
p
o
n
e
n
t
is
c
o
n
s
i
der
e
d
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
A
N
N
a
nd
after
th
is
a
p
p
roa
c
h
is
u
ses
t
w
o
diffe
r
en
t
fuz
z
y
l
og
i
c
con
t
ro
l
l
ers.
I
n
t
h
a
t
o
ne
i
s
for
red
u
c
i
n
g
d
c
vo
l
t
age
a
n
d
sec
o
n
d
one
i
s
p
r
od
uc
i
n
g
gate
p
u
l
se
s
for
t
h
e
IGB
T
inverter
.
The
F
i
gur
e
5
show
s
t
h
e
boc
k
d
i
a
g
ra
m
for
A
r
tific
ial
In
te
lli
ge
nc
e
b
ased
c
o
n
t
r
oll
e
r.
T
h
e
ANN
i
s
hav
i
ng c
a
p
ab
i
l
ity as fas
t
as co
m
p
are
d
w
it
h o
t
her con
t
ro
llers.
T
o get the refe
re
nce si
g
n
a
l
s Ins
t
an
ta
neo
u
s pow
e
r
the
o
ry
i
s
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f
or
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n
era
t
e
c
u
rre
nt
r
e
f
er
ence
s
i
g
n
a
ls,
F
u
zz
y
Lo
g
i
c
c
o
n
t
ro
lle
r
is
u
sed
for
m
u
lti
le
ve
l
i
n
ve
rter
t
o
con
t
ro
l
v
o
lta
ge
a
n
d
c
urr
e
nts.
I
n
Fuz
z
y
l
o
g
ic
c
on
tro
lle
r,
t
he
m
a
i
n
f
un
ct
ion
i
s
v
olt
a
g
e
r
e
gul
a
tio
n
a
n
d
ot
h
e
r
o
n
e
is
f
i
l
t
e
r
c
urre
nt
e
rrors c
an a
djustab
l
e
. The
se c
an
b
e do
ne
b
y
f
ew
s
te
p
s
a
s gi
ven
be
l
o
w
.
a.
Ini
t
i
a
lly
r
e
c
o
g
n
i
s
a
t
ion
of
i
np
uts
a
nd
o
u
t
p
u
t
p
a
r
am
ete
r
s
t
h
e
n
f
o
rmu
l
a
t
ion
o
f
c
o
n
t
r
ol
r
ule
s
p
ossi
bi
li
ti
e
s
from
a
sso
c
i
a
t
i
o
n
fu
nc
ti
o
n
s an
d
con
t
ro
l rules.
b.
Po
ssib
i
li
ti
es
f
ro
m
ass
o
ci
ati
o
n
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
s
a
nd
c
o
nt
rol
ru
l
e
s
t
h
e
n
c
o
n
v
ert
fuz
z
y
se
ts
i
n
t
o
crisp
se
ts
t
he
n
a
f
t
e
r t
uni
ng
of
g
a
in
s fo
r
desir
e
d
perform
anc
e
.
c.
Wi
t
h
t
h
i
s
c
o
n
t
rol
l
er
c
a
n
a
c
h
ie
ve
d
so
urc
e
c
urre
nt
h
ar
mon
i
cs
o
f
2
%
f
o
r
inc
r
ea
si
ng
RL
l
oa
d
an
d
2.
53%
f
or
RC
L
o
ad
s.
W
ith
c
a
n
a
c
h
i
e
ve
f
a
s
t
c
o
n
v
erge
n
c
e
a
nd
m
i
nimi
za
t
i
o
n
o
f
D
C
vo
lt
a
g
e
ripp
l
e
s
b
u
t
v
a
ri
ati
o
n
in
ti
m
e
w
.r.t load
i
ng pa
ram
e
te
rs com
ple
t
e
d
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISS
N
:
208
8-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t
J Po
w
Elec
&
Dr
i
Sy
st,
Vo
l. 1
0
,
No
. 2
,
Ju
n
e
2
019
:
8
13
–
8
2
1
81
8
F
i
gur
e
5.
B
l
o
c
k
d
i
a
gr
am
f
or
a
r
tif
ic
ia
l in
te
ll
ig
e
n
ce
base
d
c
on
tr
o
ller
3.
5.
Ad
a
p
t
i
v
e
leaky
least
m
ea
n
s
q
ua
re
t
echniq
u
e
I
n
2
01
7
Mous
hum
i
P
a
tow
a
r
y
,
G
a
yad
h
ar
P
anda
,
B
i
ma
l
C.
D
e
k
a
[
4
2
]
I
ll
us
trate
d
“
An
A
dap
t
iv
e
c
u
r
r
e
nt
c
ontr
o
l
-
de
tune
d
h
a
r
m
on
i
c
s
e
l
i
m
i
n
at
i
on
sc
hem
e
s
for
en
ha
n
cem
e
n
t
of
p
ow
e
r
q
ual
ity
i
n
R
E
S
i
n
ter
f
ac
e
d
A
C
-
g
r
i
d
netw
o
r
k”.
The
a
i
m
of
t
h
i
s
paper
i
s
t
o
r
e
duce
the
r
e
a
c
t
i
ve
p
ow
er
l
oa
d
ba
la
nc
in
g
an
d
e
l
im
ina
t
i
o
n
o
f
h
a
r
m
o
n
i
c
s
.
Wh
i
c
h
a
r
e
tak
e
n
c
a
r
e
by
us
ing
ne
ur
a
l
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
i
den
t
if
ie
d
ada
p
ti
v
e
l
e
a
ky
leas
t
me
an
s
qua
re
t
ec
h
n
i
q
u
e
.
T
he
c
o
n
t
r
o
ller
can
a
nal
y
ze
d
w
ith
t
he
h
e
l
p
of
R
ES
i
nte
r
fa
c
e
d
gr
i
d
t
i
ed
s
ys
t
e
m,
s
yste
m
c
o
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is
ts
o
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VSI
,
a
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c
o
n
v
er
ts e
l
e
c
t
r
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r
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om
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c
to
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.
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n or
de
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t
o
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n
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r
o
l
t
h
is
V
S
I
m
ainl
y
tw
o
ty
pes
of
a
ppr
oac
h
es a
r
e
t
her
e
,
one
i
s
ou
t
e
r
l
oop
c
ontr
o
l
a
n
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the
o
t
her
o
n
e
is
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n
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er
l
o
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on
tr
o
l
.
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n
o
ut
er
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oo
p
c
o
n
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r
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l
m
e
th
o
d
v
olta
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s
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o
n
t
r
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lled
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y
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si
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co
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v
e
n
t
i
o
n
p
r
opor
ti
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l
con
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
.
Whe
r
e
as
i
nn
e
r
l
oo
p
co
n
t
r
o
l
con
s
ists
o
f
N
e
ur
al
N
etw
o
r
k
i
de
nt
if
i
ed
A
LLM
S
t
e
c
hni
qu
e
i
s
u
se
d
to
m
a
ke
a
ctive
a
n
d
r
e
ac
tive
pow
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c
om
pon
en
ts in
d
e
p
e
n
de
nt o
f
ea
ch o
the
r
c
on
t
r
o
l
al
g
or
it
hm alo
n
g
w
ith
upd
a
t
i
n
g
of
w
a
it
vec
t
or
s
are
helpfu
l
to
g
e
n
e
r
ate
p
h
a
s
e
curr
ent
r
e
fe
renc
e
s
ig
na
ls.
Two
con
t
ro
l
l
o
o
p
s
ar
e
im
po
rtan
t
t
o
m
i
t
i
ga
t
e
c
ur
r
e
n
t
h
ar
m
o
n
i
cs
d
i
s
t
u
r
b
a
n
ce
s,
s
moo
t
h
set
po
int
vo
l
t
a
ge
t
r
a
ck
in
g,
A
LLMS
alo
ng
w
i
t
h
d
e
t
u
n
e
d
L
C
fil
t
er
w
ill
a
c
t
s
like
har
m
o
n
ic
m
iti
ga
t
i
o
n
a
s we
ll
a
s pow
er
f
ac
t
or
r
e
c
ti
fier
[
43]
,
[44]
.
Th
is
t
ec
h
n
iq
ue
i
s
to
p
r
o
vi
de
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
m
e
nts
o
f
l
oa
d
w
i
t
h
i
n
v
e
r
y
sh
or
t
t
i
m
e
i
n
t
er
va
l
a
nd
p
o
w
er
q
u
a
l
ity
is
p
r
e
ser
v
e
d
b
y
m
a
inta
i
n
in
g
%THD
within the
lim
its.
It
o
ffe
r
s
a
ccur
a
te
a
nd
f
a
ster
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
a
nd pr
o
v
i
d
e
s
r
obust
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
b
u
t
pos
sib
i
l
i
t
ie
s
for
hea
tin
g
o
f
s
up
pl
y
cab
les
.
F
ig
ur
e
6
g
i
v
e
s
the
Bl
oc
k
d
i
a
g
r
a
m
for
A
d
apt
i
v
e
Le
ak
y
Le
ast
M
e
a
n
S
quar
e
T
ec
hn
ique
.
F
i
g
u
r
e
6
.
Bl
oc
k dia
g
r
a
m
for
adap
t
i
ve
l
ea
k
y
l
east
me
an squa
r
e
t
e
c
h
ni
qu
e
3.
6.
Ne
ur
o fu
zz
y c
o
n
t
rol
l
er
I
n
2
0
1
7
H
a
k
a
n
A
c
i
k
a
z
,
F
a
i
t
h
k
e
c
e
r
l
o
g
l
e
r
,
A
h
m
e
d
g
a
n
i
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
b
y
[
45]
I
m
p
rove
d
co
n
t
r
o
l
c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
at
io
n
of
P
W
M
r
ec
t
i
fie
r
b
ased
N
euro
F
uzz
y
c
on
t
r
o
l
le
r.In
th
is
p
ape
r
a
ut
h
o
r
e
xpla
i
ne
d
a
b
ou
t
ne
ur
o
f
u
zz
y
c
o
n
t
r
o
ll
er
.
G
e
ner
a
l
l
y
r
ecti
f
ier
s
a
r
e
u
se
d
t
o
c
o
nver
t
a
c
/
d
c.
M
a
n
y
con
t
ro
l
t
e
ch
n
i
que
s
ar
e
pro
p
o
se
d
i
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
A revie
w
on d
iffere
nt
co
n
t
ro
l
te
chn
i
que
s
usi
n
g
D
S
T
A
TCO
M
f
o
r dist
rib
u
t
i
o
n
system
stud
ie
s (K
.
Swe
t
h
a
)
81
9
order
to
i
m
p
ro
ve
t
he
p
erf
o
rma
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ce
o
f
re
cti
f
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e
r.
O
ne
o
f
t
h
e
m
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st
p
opu
lar
an
d
re
gul
a
r
r
e
c
t
i
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i
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y
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e
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s
PW
M
base
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cti
f
ier,
w
ith
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he
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e
l
p
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t
h
i
s
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n
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c
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ieve
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r
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onic
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ol
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e
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con
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o
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tro
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a
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ased
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a
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xec
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ct
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s
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y
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N
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c
onstr
uct
i
ve
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y
. A
dv
a
n
ta
ges
o
f
N
F
C
a
re,
a.
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ar
e r
obust i
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s
truc
ture.
b.
It
i
s h
a
vi
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.
c.
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t
req
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i
r
e
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t
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emat
i
cal
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d
e
l
.
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e
re
S
ugen
o
o
ne
o
f
the
fuzz
y
r
u
l
e
i
s
use
d
a
n
d
N
F
C
i
s
ha
vi
ng
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o
i
np
ut
s,
o
n
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p
u
t
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ach
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v
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e
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b
er
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p
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t
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s
a
r
e
c
h
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ges
I
n
thi
s
c
on
tro
l
t
ec
h
n
iq
ue
t
w
o
u
n
i
t
s
o
f
N
F
C
s
are
used
o
ne
f
or
t
o
c
o
ntro
l
o
f
d
c
bus
v
o
lta
g
e
a
n
d
o
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h
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t
o
c
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ro
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d
q
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xi
s
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rre
nt
[
46]
.
A
s
a
n
i
n
p
u
t
s
o
f
N
F
C
s
err
o
r
and
cha
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ges
o
f
r
ea
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v
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and
ac
ti
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ur
rent
t
hese
a
re
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se
d
f
or
d
q
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s
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rol,
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tifie
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ent c
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s
. F
igure
.
7
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e
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the b
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of A
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i
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ity
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oble
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s.
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n
th
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s
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onc
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iffere
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DSTATCOM.
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re
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y
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h
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on
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In
st
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t
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Re
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y
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e
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n
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ro
l strate
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evie
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h
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e
l
p o
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n
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h
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i
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ues
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er
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ual
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t
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r
oble
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s
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ll
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l
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ate
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In
t
h
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s
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per
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o
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o
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ol
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ec
hn
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que
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rsi
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s
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re
met
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od
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ase
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f
t
p
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l
s
e
w
i
dt
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mo
dul
a
t
io
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me
t
h
od
,
Fu
zz
y
Lo
g
i
c
Co
ntrol
l
er
, Neura
l
Net
work m
eth
o
d
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o
F
u
z
z
y
c
o
n
t
ro
l
l
e
rs
a
re
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eview
e
d.
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or
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e
tter
perfo
r
m
a
n
ce
of
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S
T
A
T
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M
a
n
d
prob
l
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ms
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n
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di
s
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ri
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u
t
i
on
s
id
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als
o
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olve
d b
y
the
se
tec
h
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iq
ue
s.
The
fu
ture
w
o
r
k
of
t
his
art
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c
l
e
i
s
h
ig
he
r
le
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o
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tile
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t
o
o
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t
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s
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n
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e
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u
s
e
of
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ther
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l
t
i
le
ve
l
i
n
verter
to
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l
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gy
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o
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rove
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e
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ro
l stra
t
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e
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im
p
r
o
v
e
the
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er
qu
a
li
t
y
and
a
l
so re
duce
the
ha
rmon
ic
d
istort
i
o
n.
REFE
RENCES
[1]
X
M
a
dh
u
B.
R
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,
Di
nes
h
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,
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itheja
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M.,"Design
o
f
Shun
t
H
ybri
d
Active
Power
Filter
t
o
R
educe
Harm
on
ics
on
A
C
Sid
e
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u
e
t
o
No
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near
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oads
,
"
Int
e
rnati
o
n
a
l Jour
na
l of
P
o
wer Elect
ron
i
cs a
n
d D
r
i
v
e
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l
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oui
a M
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h
a
m
e
d T
oufi
k
,
Che
b
aani
M
oham
e
d
,
"Hi
gh-p
e
rf
orm
a
nce
act
iv
e po
wer
filter
implement
a
t
i
on
b
ased
o
n
predict
i
ve
c
urrent
c
ontrol
,"
In
te
rn
a
t
ion
a
l J
o
urna
l
o
f
Pow
e
r E
l
e
c
t
ro
nic
s
an
d D
r
iv
e
Sys
t
em (
I
JPED
S
)
,
vol.
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0
(1
),
pp.
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77
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7
,
I
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8
8
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869
4,
M
arc
h
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019
.
[3]
CH.
S
r
i
P
r
akash1,
G
.
K
e
sav
a
R
ao
2,
O
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Chan
dras
ekhar3
,
P
.
V
.
S
a
t
y
aram
esh
,
"
A
N
o
v
e
l
Mu
lt
i-F
u
ncti
on
al
DSTATC
OM
w
ith
D
i
s
tr
ibu
t
ion
Gene
rat
i
on
u
si
n
g
F
RC
Control
l
er,"
Int
e
rn
ati
o
n
a
l
Jo
urn
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r
El
ectr
onics
and
Dr
ive S
y
s
t
e
m
(
I
JPEDS)
,
vo
l.
8(3
), Ju
n
e 2
0
1
8
,
pp. 13
7
3
-
13
82
IS
S
N
. 2
08
8-87
08
Decem
b
e
r 20
18,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
: 208
8-
869
4
Int J
Pow
El
ec &
D
ri
S
yst
,
Vol
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10,
N
o.
2
, June 2019 : 813
–
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1
82
0
[4]
An
ku
r
gh
eewal
a,
N
im
esh
nagar,
"
A
Review
o
n
D
i
ff
eren
t
con
t
rol
al
gori
t
h
m
o
f
D
ST
A
T
COM,
"
In
Shro
f
f
S R Rota
ry
Ins
t
i
t
ute of Ch
e
m
ica
l
T
ech
no
logy
,
I
n
d
i
a
,
20
17
.
[5]
R.Geet
ha
a
n
d
M
.ais
hw
ariya
dev
i
,
"
V
ario
us
c
ontro
l
techn
i
q
u
es
f
or
p
owerquality
i
mprovement
u
si
ng
D
S
T
ATCOM
,
"
Int
e
rna
t
i
o
n
a
l
Jo
u
r
n
a
l of po
wer c
o
nt
ro
l
s
i
gn
a
l
and
c
o
mp
ut
a
t
ion
,
Jun
20
12
.
[6]
P
r
eeti
P
a
uli
n
e
M
a
ry
a
n
d
S
iv
achi
d
am
baran
a
than
.V
,
"
D
es
i
gn
of
N
ew
Bi
-D
i
r
ectional
Th
re
e
P
h
ase
P
a
rall
el
R
eso
n
a
n
t
Hi
gh
F
requ
ency
A
C
Li
nk
C
o
n
vert
er,
"
Int
e
rn
ati
o
n
a
l
Jo
urn
a
l o
f
Ap
pli
e
d
En
gi
neeri
n
g
R
e
sear
ch
,
vo
l
10
(4),
P
P
84
53
-846
8
,
I
S
S
N
.
0
97
3-4
562,
2
01
5.
[7]
Kav
ith
a.M
an
d
S
i
vach
id
amb
a
ranat
h
an.
V
,
"
P
erf
o
rman
ce
A
n
aly
s
i
s
o
f
T
r
ans
f
o
r
m
e
r-Less
T
wo
P
has
e
I
nt
erleav
ed
H
ig
h
Gai
n
D
C
Conve
r
ter
us
ing
MP
P
T
A
lgorithm,
"
In
di
an Jo
ur
na
l of Sci
e
nce a
n
d
Tech
no
lo
gy
,
v
o
l
8(15
),
I
S
S
N.
0
974-
68
46
,
6
1
4
2
8
,
pp
1-8
,
J
uly
20
15.
[8]
M
.
P
r
eeti
P
a
uline
M
a
ry
a
nd
V
.
S
ivach
id
am
ba
ranat
h
an
,
"En
h
a
n
c
em
en
t
of
A
cti
v
e
P
o
wer
Filt
er
O
perati
o
n
al
P
e
rf
orm
a
nce
u
s
i
ng
S
R
F
T
h
eory
f
or
R
en
ewabl
e
S
ou
rce,
"
In
di
an Jo
ur
na
l of
Sci
e
n
ce a
nd T
ech
no
lo
g
y
,
ISSN
.
09
74
-
68
46
,
vol.
8
(
2
1
),
p
p
.
7
1
5
6
2
,
Septem
b
e
r
20
15
.
[9]
Kav
ith
a.M
an
d
S
i
v
a
c
h
id
am
baranat
h
an
.V.,
"
Com
p
ari
s
o
n
o
f
Diff
erent
C
o
n
t
r
ol
T
ech
ni
ques
f
o
r
Interleav
ed
D
C-D
C
Converter,
"
Int
e
rna
t
i
o
n
a
l
Jo
urnal
o
f
Po
wer Elec
t
ro
n
i
cs
an
d
Dr
i
ve S
y
st
em (
I
JP
ED
S)
,
IS
SN.
20
88-869
4,
v
ol.
9
(
2),
,
pp
.
6
41-6
4
7
,
J
une
2
0
18
[10]
S
i
v
achid
am
baranat
h
an
.V,
S.S
.
D
as
h
an
d
M
.
S
a
nt
ho
sh
R
an
i,
"
Imp
l
em
e
nt
ati
on
o
f
H
alf
Bridg
e
D
C
t
o
D
C
Conv
erter
us
in
g
Seri
es
R
eso
n
ant
T
o
p
o
l
o
gy
,"
E
u
ropean Journal
Sci
e
ntific Research
,
ISSN.
14
50
–
2
16
X,
v
o
l
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4(3
)
,
pp
3
8
1
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88
Apr
201
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[11]
M.Ge
org
e
,
K.
P
.
Ba
su
,
"
T
hre
e
-
P
h
a
s
e
Sh
un
t
Ac
ti
ve
P
owe
r
F
il
te
r,
"
Ame
r
ic
a
n
J
o
urna
l of Ap
pl
ie
d
S
c
ie
n
c
e
s
,
vol.
5
(8
),
pp
.
9
09-9
1
6
,
2
0
0
8
[12]
A
.
A
j
a
m
i
a
n
d
S
.
H
.
H
o
s
s
e
i
n
i
,
"
I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
a
N
o
v
e
l
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
S
tr
a
t
e
g
y
for
S
h
un
t
A
c
ti
ve
F
il
t
e
r
,
”
EC
TI
TR
A
N
SAC
T
IO
N
S
O
N
ELEC
TR
I
C
AL EN
G
.
, E
L
ECTRO
N
ICS
,
A
N
D CO
MM
U
N
ICATIONS
,
”
v
o
l
.
4
(
1
)
,
p
p
.
4
0
-
4
6
,
F
e
bru
a
ry
2
006
.
[13]
P
.
Z
anch
ett
a
,
M.
S
umn
e
r,
M
.
M
a
ri
nelli
a
nd
F
.
Cu
perti
no,
"
E
x
p
e
ri
m
e
nt
al
m
od
el
in
g
and
co
nt
rol
desig
n
o
f
sh
u
n
t
acti
v
e p
o
wer filters,
"
Cont
rol E
n
gineering P
r
ac
tic
e
,
v
o
l.17
,
p
p
. 1
12
6- 1
13
5,
M
a
y
2
0
0
9
.
[14]
M
.
G
hand
chi
,
A
.
Aj
ami
an
d
M
.
M
oein
i,
"
A
S
i
m
p
le
a
n
d
L
ow
C
os
t
Co
n
t
r
o
l
S
trat
egy
f
o
r
Mul
tilevel
Shunt
Ac
ti
v
e
Fi
l
t
e
r
s,"
in
Pr
oc
eed
in
g o
f
In
ter
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Conferen
ce o
n
Co
nt
rol,
Aut
o
m
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
System
s
200
8 in
COEX
,
pp.
1
4-17,
S
e
ou
l,
K
orea,
O
cto
b
er
2
00
8.
[15]
Mo
h.
J
a
u
ha
ri,
D
e
de
t
Ca
n
d
ra
R
iawa
n
,
M
oc
h
a
ma
d
Ash
a
ri,
"
C
on
trol
D
e
s
i
gn
f
or
S
hunt
A
ctive
Power
Filter
Based
on
p-q
Th
eory
i
n
Ph
ot
ovo
lt
aic
Grid-Con
nected
S
ys
tem
,
"
Internat
ion
a
l Journal o
f
Power
E
l
ectro
nics
a
n
d
Dr
ive S
y
st
e
m
(I
J
P
E
D
S
)
,
vol.
9
(
3),
pp
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10
64
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I
S
S
N.
2
08
8-869
4,
S
eptem
b
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201
8.
[16]
Izhar,
M
,
Hadzer,
"P
erf
o
rm
an
ce
f
o
r
p
as
s
i
ve
a
n
d
acti
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
fil
te
r
in
r
e
d
uc
i
n
g
ha
rm
on
ic
s
in
t
he
d
i
s
t
r
ibu
t
ion
syst
e
m
,
"
Power
an
d E
n
er
gy Co
n
f
erence
,
pp
.
1
0
4
-10
8
,
20
04.
[17]
S
h
i
n
-Ku
a
n
Ch
en
,
'A
n
ew
i
n
s
tantaneo
us
p
o
w
er
t
heory
-
bas
e
d
t
h
ree
p
has
e
acti
v
e
p
o
wer
f
ilt
er,"
Po
wer E
n
g
i
neer
in
g
So
ciety W
i
nter
M
eet
in
g
, vo
l
. 4
,
pp
. 26
8
7
-
26
92
,
2
0
0
0
.
[18]
Qi
rong
J
iang
,
Do
ng
yu
an
Z
h
a
o,
J
ian
y
e
Ch
en,
"
Act
i
v
e
P
ower
F
i
l
t
e
r-
Desi
gn
.
Elem
e
nt
ary.
C
o
n
tro
l
[
M
]
,
"
Sc
ie
nc
e
Press
, Be
ijing 2005.
[19]
A.
Awa
l
l
ud
i
n
,
C.
L
.
T
o
h,
"
H
a
rmonic
M
it
i
g
ation
in
T
ract
ion
Suppl
y
S
u
b
s
ta
t
i
on
U
s
i
n
g
C
as
caded
H
-Brid
g
e
Converter,
"
In
tern
atio
nal Jou
r
nal of
P
o
wer
E
l
ect
ron
i
cs
an
d
D
r
ive Sys
t
em
(
I
JPED
S
)
,
v
o
l
.
9
(
4
)
,
p
p
.
1
7
4
5
-
1
7
5
4
IS
S
N
.
2
08
8-8
694,
D
ec
20
18
.
[20]
R.
S
hi
barani
,
Dr.
C.
S
rinav
a
s
Rao,
D
r.
M
.
Vijaya
K
u
m
a
r
,
"
P
S
P
W
M
b
a
sed
f
i
ve
l
ev
el
s
hun
t
act
ive
fi
lt
er
f
or
p
o
w
er
quality
i
mprove
ment
i
n
po
wer
System
n
et
wor
k
,"
1
s
t i
n
ter
nati
o
n
a
l
co
n
f
er
ence
on
p
o
wer
en
gi
neeri
n
g
at
VIT
un
iver
sit
y
,
Ch
ennai
,
M
ar
2
01
7.
[21]
Ah
m
e
d
M
a
j
e
d,
Z
ai
nal
S
a
l
a
m
and
A
b
d
u
l
M
o
eed
A
mjad,
"Harm
onics
e
li
m
i
nati
on
PW
M
b
a
sed
di
re
ct
c
on
trol
f
o
r
2
3
-
levelmu
ltilevel
distribu
tion
STAT
COM
using
di
ff
erent
i
al
e
vol
u
ti
on
a
l
g
o
ri
th
m,"
El
ectric P
o
wer
Syst
ems
Res
e
arc
h
,
vo
l.
152
,
p
p
.
48
–
6
0
,
2
01
7.
[22]
B. G
u
lteki
n, M
.
E
r
m
i
s
,
"
Cas
cade
d
m
u
l
til
evel
con
vert
er-b
ased
tra
n
s
mi
ssi
onS
TATCOM
: sy
st
em des
ig
n m
e
t
hod
o
l
og
y
and
dev
e
lo
pm
ent
o
f
a
1
2
k
V
±
12
M
V
Ar
pow
er stage,
"
IE
EE
Tran
s.
Power Elect
ro
n
, vo
l
.
28
pp
. 49
3
0
–
4
9
5
0
,
2
01
3.
[23]
M.
S
.
A.
D
ah
i
d
a
h
,
G.
K
on
stan
tin
o
u
,
V.
G
.
Ag
el
i
d
i
s
,
"A
r
ev
i
e
w
o
f
m
u
l
til
evelselect
iv
e
h
a
rm
oni
c
el
im
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
PW
M:
f
o
rm
ul
ati
ons,
sol
v
in
g
al
gorithm
s
,
i
m
p
l
e
men
t
atio
n
and
app
lica
t
io
n
s,
"
IE
EE Tr
ans.
Power El
ectr
o
n
,
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pp
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4
091
–4
10
6,
201
5.
[24]
J.
I
.
L
e
o
n
,
S.
K
ou
ro,
L.
G
.
Fra
n
q
u
e
l
o
,
J.
R
o
d
r
i
gu
ez,
B
.
Wu,
"
T
h
e
es
sen
t
ial
role
a
n
d
t
h
e
co
ntinuo
us
e
vo
lutio
n
of
m
o
d
u
la
t
i
o
n
t
ech
ni
qu
e
s
f
or
voltage-so
u
rcei
nvert
e
r
s
in
t
he
p
as
t,
p
r
esent
,
a
nd
f
u
t
u
r
e
p
o
w
e
r
el
ectron
i
cs
,"
IE
EE Tr
ans.
Ind
.
El
ectr
o
n
.
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6
8
8
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7
0
1
,
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016
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[25]
G.
K
on
s
t
antin
o
u
,
V
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A
gel
i
dis
,
"
On
r
e-exam
in
in
g
s
y
mm
etry
o
f
t
w
o
-
levelse
l
ective
harmon
i
c
e
l
i
mina
tion
P
W
M
:
no
vel
f
o
rm
u
l
ati
o
n
s
,
s
ol
u
tio
ns
a
nd
perf
orm
a
n
c
e
eva
l
u
a
ti
on
,
"
E
l
e
c
t
r
.
Power Sys
t
. Res
,
v
o
l.
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0
8
,
pp.
185-1
9
7
¸
2
0
1
4
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S.
K
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Patel
,
S
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R.
A
ry
a,
R
.
M
a
ury
a
,
B.
S
i
n
gh
,
"In
t
eri
o
r
p
o
in
t
a
l
g
ori
t
hm
f
or
o
p
tima
l
cont
rol
o
f
d
i
s
t
r
ibu
tion
static
com
p
ensat
o
r
u
n
d
e
r
di
st
orted
s
u
p
p
ly
volt
a
geco
ndi
ti
ons,
"
IE
T G
e
n
e
r
.
T
r
ans
m
.
Di
st
ri
b
,
v
o
l
.
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0
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1778
-17
91,
2
0
1
6
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[27]
B.
S
.
Ch
en,
Y
.
Y
.
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"
A
m
i
n
i
m
a
l
h
arm
o
n
i
c
con
t
roller
f
o
r
a
ST
A
TC
O
M
,
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IEEET
r
an
s.
In
d.
El
ectr
o
n
,
v
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l
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55
,
pp
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6
55–
66
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2008.
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S
chau
der,
H
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M
e
h
t
a,
"
Vect
or
a
n
a
lys
i
s
and
co
n
t
ro
l
of
a
dv
a
n
ced
s
tatic
V
ARco
mpensators,"
IEE
Pr
oceedi
n
g
s
C
(
G
en
e
r
atio
n
,
T
r
an
sm
is
si
on
an
d
D
i
stri
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99
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6,
1
9
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3
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[29]
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S
i
n
g
h
,
R
.
S
a
h
a
,
A
.
C
h
a
n
d
r
a
,
K
.
A
l
-
H
a
d
d
a
d
,
"
S
t
a
t
i
c
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
o
u
s
c
o
m
p
ensators(STATC
O
M
)
:
a
r
eview,
"
IET
Po
wer E
l
ectr
o
n
, v
ol
.
2,
p
p
.
2
97
–3
2
4
,
20
09.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
A revie
w
on d
iffere
nt
co
n
t
ro
l
te
chn
i
que
s
usi
n
g
D
S
T
A
TCO
M
f
o
r dist
rib
u
t
i
o
n
system
stud
ie
s (K
.
Swe
t
h
a
)
82
1
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A.
B
alikc
i
,
E.
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kpinar,
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m
ulti
le
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e
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c
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nv
e
r
t
e
r
w
i
th
r
e
d
u
c
ed
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
w
it
chesi
n
S
TA
T
C
OM
f
o
r
l
o
a
d
bal
a
ncin
g,
"
Elect
r
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Power Syst.
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h
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m
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g
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t
r
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r
i
d
T
i
e
d
S
m
a
r
t
P
V
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D
S
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A
T
C
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M
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y
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t
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m
U
s
i
n
g
an
A
d
a
pt
iv
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Techn
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q
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e,"
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E
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t
ion
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,
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pri
y
ab
a
r
at
h,
G
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H
armo
ni
c
estim
ation
u
s
i
ng
RLS
al
gori
t
h
a
m
a
nd
e
limaination
w
ith
i
mproved
curren
t
cin
t
roll
t
echn
i
q
u
res
S
A
P
F
i
n
d
i
s
t
ri
butio
n
n
e
tw
ork,
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vo
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7
3,
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7
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Das
h
P
K,
S
w
a
in
D
P
,
Liew
AC,
Rahm
an
S
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adap
ti
ve
l
inear
c
o
m
b
in
er
f
or
o
n
l
i
n
e
tracki
n
g
o
f
p
o
w
er
s
ys
tem
harm
o
n
ics
,
"
I
E
EE
Tr
ans
P
o
wer
S
y
st
Harm
onics
,
vol.
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1
(
4),
p
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1
9
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6
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[34]
Ken
n
edy
K,
L
i
g
h
t
bo
dy
G
,
Yacam
ini
R.
"
P
o
w
e
r
sy
st
e
m
h
arm
o
n
i
c
an
al
y
s
i
s
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
K
a
l
m
a
n
f
i
l
t
e
r
,
"
IEE
E
Power
En
g
S
o
c G
e
n M
eet
,
vo
l
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2
,
p
p
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75
2
,
2
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3.
[35]
Ji
ang
J,
Z
h
a
ng
Y
.,"A
rev
i
sit
t
o
b
lo
ck
a
nd
recurs
i
v
e
leas
t
s
q
u
a
r
es
f
o
r
p
aramet
erestim
a
t
i
on,"
Com
p
u
t
Elect
r Eng
,
vol
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,
p
p.
4
03
–1
6,
200
4.
[36]
Bett
ayed
M
,
Q
i
d
a
i
U.,
"
Recu
rsiv
e
estim
ati
o
n
of
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
t
e
m
h
a
rm
on
ic
s
,
"
E
l
e
c
t
r Po
w
e
r Sy
s
t
R
e
s
,
v
o
l.
4
7
,
p
p
. 14
3
-
52
, 1
99
8.
[37]
Akagi
H
., "
Acti
v
e
harmoni
c
filters,"
P
r
oc IEEE
,
v
o
l.
9
3
(
1
2
),
p
p
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2128
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,
2
0
0
5
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[38]
S
i
n
gh B,
A
l-Had
d
ad
K,
Chan
dra
A
.
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"
A review
o
f active
power
fil
ters
f
o
r
p
o
w
er
qualit
y
im
p
ro
vem
e
nt
,
"
IE
EE Tr
ans
In
du
str
E
l
e
c
tron
,
v
o
l
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(5),
pp
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9
6
0
-7
1, 1
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9.
[39]
Vas
u
n
dhara
m
aharajan
,
P
r
am
od
a
g
a
rwal,
"An
artifici
a
l
i
n
t
e
ll
ig
en
c
e
ba
se
d
c
o
ntrolle
r
fo
r
m
u
lti
le
v
e
l
h
a
r
m
on
ic
f
i
l
t
e
r
,
"
vo
l.
58,
p
p
.
1
70
-180
.
[40]
Kazm
ierk
ow
ski
M
P
.,
"
Neu
r
al
n
e
t
wo
rk
s
an
d
f
u
zzy
l
o
g
i
c
c
o
n
t
r
ol
i
n
p
o
w
e
relectro
ni
cs.
S
e
l
e
ct
ed
p
robl
em
s
co
ntrol
i
n
p
o
wer, el
ectron
i
c
s
,"
Academic Press
,
p
p
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1,
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0
0
2.
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Za
de
h
LA,
Klir
G
J,
Y
u
a
n
B,.
"
F
uz
z
y
s
e
t
s
fu
z
z
y
lo
g
i
c
,
a
nd
f
uz
z
y
sys
t
em
s
:
S
e
lect
ed
p
apers
,
"
World Sci
e
ntific
Pub
lish
i
ng
Com
p
a
n
y
In
c
o
rp
orat
e
d
, 1
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6.
[42]
M
o
u
s
hu
mi
P
atowary,
G
ayadh
a
r
P
a
n
d
a
and
Bi
mal
C.
D
eka,
"
A
n
a
dap
t
i
ve
c
u
rrent
c
o
n
t
r
ol-d
etu
n
ed
h
arm
o
ni
cs
elim
ina
t
io
n
s
c
hem
e
s
fo
r
enh
a
nce
m
ent
o
f
p
o
w
er
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
i
n
RES
in
t
erf
aced
A
C-grid
n
etwo
rk,"
Su
st
ai
nable E
n
er
gy
Te
c
h
no
log
i
e
s
an
d Asse
ss
me
nts
,
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.
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,
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p
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3
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18.
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u
d
h
i
B,
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K
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G
h
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s
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"
V
ariabl
e
le
ak
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leas
t
m
ean-s
qu
a
r
e
al
go
rithm
-
bas
e
dpo
wer
sy
st
e
m
f
re
q
u
en
cy
est
i
m
a
ti
on
,"
I
E
T
Sc
i
M
e
a
s
Te
c
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0
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net
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k
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A
v
a
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l
eaky
LM
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alg
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rit
h
m
.
Si
gnal
s
,
S
y
st
e
m
s
and
Com
p
u
t
ers,
2
00
4
,
"
Con
f
eren
ce Reco
rd
o
f
th
e T
h
i
r
t
y
-Eig
h
t
h As
ilo
marCon
fer
e
nce
,
v
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[45]
Hak
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n
aci
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l
u
,
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I
m
p
ro
ved
con
t
ro
l
co
nfigura
t
i
o
n
o
f
PWM
rect
if
iers
b
ased
o
nn
euro
-fu
zz
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ro
ller,
"
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cikgo
z et al,
Spr
i
ngerplus,
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01
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[46]
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o
h
a
gheg
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,
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rt
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K
,
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a
rley
R
G
,
"
Optim
a
l
n
e
u
r
o-f
u
z
zy
e
xtern
a
l
co
ntro
ll
er
f
o
r
a
S
TA
TCOM
i
n
th
e 12
-bu
s
b
ench
mark
po
w
er s
y
s
tem,"
I
E
EE
T
r
a
n
s
Po
w
e
r D
e
li
v
,
vol
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2
2
,
pp.
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5
48-25
58,
2
0
0
7
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.