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h
av
e
co
n
v
in
ce
d
th
e
r
es
ea
r
ch
er
s
to
s
ea
r
ch
o
u
t
f
o
r
a
s
o
lu
tio
n
an
d
,
in
t
h
e
liter
atu
r
e
s
o
m
e
n
e
w
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
s
an
d
s
y
s
te
m
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
[
9
]
-
[
1
5
]
.
I
n
[
9
]
-
[
1
2
]
th
e
Dis
tr
ib
u
ted
F
A
C
T
S
(D
-
F
AC
T
S)
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
h
as
b
ee
n
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
.
T
h
is
n
e
w
l
y
b
o
r
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
p
o
in
ts
a
w
a
y
t
o
a
n
o
v
el
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
ac
h
ie
v
i
n
g
th
e
p
o
w
er
f
lo
w
co
n
tr
o
l,
v
o
lta
g
e
s
tab
ili
t
y
,
s
y
s
te
m
o
s
cillat
io
n
d
a
m
p
i
n
g
an
d
w
h
o
le
s
y
s
te
m
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
n
at
u
r
e
o
f
th
e
s
u
g
g
e
s
ted
s
y
s
te
m
m
a
k
es
it
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
ac
h
iev
e
f
in
e
g
r
an
u
la
r
it
y
i
n
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
r
atin
g
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
it
i
s
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
ex
p
an
d
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
w
it
h
t
h
e
g
r
o
w
in
g
d
e
m
a
n
d
.
T
h
is
g
i
v
es
a
s
alie
n
t
b
en
ef
it
in
p
lan
n
i
n
g
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
,
w
h
ich
allo
w
s
th
e
p
la
n
n
er
to
h
av
e
co
n
tr
o
l
o
n
a
v
ailab
l
e
tr
an
s
f
er
ca
p
ac
it
y
(
A
T
C
)
.
I
t
is
d
o
n
e
i
n
a
w
a
y
t
h
a
t
th
e
g
r
o
w
i
n
g
n
e
ed
s
i
n
p
o
w
er
t
r
an
s
f
er
(
eq
u
al
to
2
%
f
o
r
ev
er
y
y
ea
r
)
ar
e
s
atis
f
ied
b
y
in
s
talli
n
g
n
e
w
D
-
F
AC
T
S
m
o
d
u
les
in
t
h
e
li
n
e
f
o
r
1
0
y
e
ar
s
;
th
is
i
s
d
o
n
e
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
m
ee
t
p
r
o
j
ec
t
g
r
o
w
t
h
n
ee
d
s
w
it
h
o
u
t
h
a
v
i
n
g
to
in
v
e
s
t
all
t
h
e
ca
p
ital
at
th
e
s
tar
t
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
j
ec
t
im
p
le
m
e
n
tat
io
n
o
r
in
[
1
3
]
-
[
1
5
]
tw
o
ec
o
n
o
m
ical
p
h
a
s
e
i
m
b
ala
n
ce
d
s
er
ies
co
m
p
en
s
atio
n
co
n
ce
p
t
h
as
b
ee
n
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
an
d
t
h
ei
r
ab
ilit
y
f
o
r
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
d
y
n
a
m
ic
e
n
h
an
ce
m
e
n
t
an
d
i
n
ter
-
ar
ea
o
s
cilla
tio
n
d
a
m
p
in
g
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
i
n
v
e
s
ti
g
at
ed
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
s
er
ies
ca
p
ac
itiv
e
co
m
p
en
s
atio
n
i
n
o
n
e
p
h
ase
i
s
cr
ea
ted
u
s
i
n
g
a
s
in
g
le
-
p
h
ase
T
C
SC
(
Sc
h
e
m
e
I
)
o
r
a
s
in
g
le
-
p
h
ase
SS
S
C
(
Sch
e
m
e
I
I
)
i
n
s
er
ies
with
a
f
i
x
ed
ca
p
ac
ito
r
,
an
d
th
e
o
th
er
t
w
o
p
h
ase
s
ar
e
co
m
p
en
s
ated
b
y
f
i
x
ed
s
er
ies
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
.
T
h
e
T
C
SC
an
d
S
SS
C
co
n
tr
o
ls
ar
e
in
itia
ll
y
s
et
s
u
c
h
th
a
t
th
ei
r
eq
u
iv
ale
n
t
co
m
p
e
n
s
atio
n
s
at
th
e
p
o
w
er
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
co
m
b
i
n
ed
w
it
h
th
e
f
i
x
ed
ca
p
ac
ito
r
y
ield
a
r
esu
l
tan
t
co
m
p
en
s
atio
n
eq
u
al
to
t
h
e
o
t
h
er
t
w
o
p
h
ases
.
T
h
ese
t
w
o
s
c
h
e
m
e
s
w
o
u
ld
,
d
ef
in
ite
l
y
,
b
e
ec
o
n
o
m
icall
y
a
ttra
ctiv
e
w
h
e
n
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
a
f
u
ll
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
T
C
S
C
o
r
SS
S
C
,
w
h
ic
h
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
/p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
o
r
p
o
w
er
o
s
cillatio
n
s
d
a
m
p
in
g
.
F
u
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
r
ed
u
cin
g
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
t
h
y
r
is
to
r
v
al
v
es
a
n
d
V
SC
to
o
n
e
t
h
i
r
d
w
il
l
al
s
o
h
a
v
e
a
p
o
s
iti
v
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
n
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
m
ain
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
t
h
is
p
ap
er
is
in
tr
o
d
u
ci
n
g
a
n
ec
o
n
o
m
ical
p
h
ase
i
m
b
ala
n
ce
d
s
h
u
n
t
ca
p
ac
itiv
e
co
m
p
e
n
s
at
io
n
co
n
ce
p
t
an
d
in
v
est
ig
at
in
g
i
ts
ab
il
it
y
f
o
r
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
d
y
n
a
m
ic
e
n
h
an
ce
m
e
n
t
an
d
in
ter
-
ar
ea
o
s
cillatio
n
d
am
p
in
g
.
A
s
h
u
n
t
h
y
b
r
id
p
h
a
s
e
i
m
b
alan
ce
d
s
c
h
e
m
e
i
s
a
s
h
u
n
t
ca
p
ac
itiv
e
co
m
p
e
n
s
at
io
n
s
c
h
e
m
e,
w
h
e
r
e
t
w
o
p
h
a
s
es
ar
e
co
m
p
en
s
a
ted
b
y
f
i
x
ed
s
h
u
n
t
ca
p
ac
ito
r
(
C
)
an
d
th
e
th
ir
d
p
h
ase
is
co
m
p
e
n
s
ated
b
y
a
s
in
g
le
p
h
ase
Static
S
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
o
u
s
C
o
m
p
e
n
s
ato
r
(
ST
A
T
C
OM
)
in
s
h
u
n
t
w
ith
a
f
i
x
ed
ca
p
ac
ito
r
(
C
C
)
.
C
er
tai
n
l
y
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ar
r
an
g
e
m
en
t
w
o
u
ld
,
ce
r
tain
l
y
,
b
e
ec
o
n
o
m
ica
ll
y
at
tr
ac
tiv
e
w
h
e
n
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
a
f
u
ll
t
h
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
ST
A
T
C
OM
.
T
h
e
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
d
y
n
a
m
ic
s
tab
ilit
y
en
h
a
n
ce
m
e
n
t
w
o
u
ld
b
e
ac
h
iev
ed
b
y
ad
d
in
g
a
n
a
u
x
ilia
r
y
d
a
m
p
in
g
co
n
tr
o
ller
to
th
e
m
ai
n
co
n
tr
o
l
lo
o
p
o
f
th
e
s
i
n
g
l
e
p
h
ase
ST
A
T
C
OM
.
I
n
d
esig
n
i
n
g
d
a
m
p
i
n
g
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
th
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
s
i
g
n
al
s
co
u
l
d
eith
er
co
m
p
r
is
e
w
id
e
-
ar
ea
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
u
tili
za
t
io
n
o
f
P
MU
s
d
is
p
er
s
ed
o
v
er
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
o
r
b
e
lim
ited
to
m
er
el
y
lo
ca
l
d
ata
ca
p
tu
r
ed
at
th
e
lin
e’
s
s
en
d
i
n
g
e
n
d
.
Sin
ce
t
h
i
s
p
ap
er
co
n
ce
n
tr
ates
o
n
th
e
i
n
ter
-
ar
e
a
p
h
en
o
m
e
n
o
n
o
n
w
h
i
ch
i
s
i
n
h
er
e
n
tl
y
a
g
lo
b
al
is
s
u
e,
w
id
e
ar
ea
s
i
g
n
al
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
d
a
m
p
i
n
g
co
n
t
r
o
ller
in
p
u
t
s
i
g
n
al
[
1
6
]
-
[
1
7
]
.
T
o
o
p
tim
ize
t
h
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
th
e
d
esi
g
n
ed
W
id
e
A
r
ea
Da
m
p
i
n
g
C
o
n
tr
o
ller
(
W
A
D
C
)
th
e
P
ar
ticle
S
w
ar
m
O
p
ti
m
izatio
n
(
P
SO)
m
et
h
o
d
is
u
tili
ze
d
.
T
h
e
P
SO
is
a
p
o
p
u
latio
n
b
ased
s
to
ch
asti
c
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
alg
o
r
it
h
m
,
p
r
o
m
p
ted
b
y
s
o
cial
b
eh
av
io
r
o
f
b
ir
d
f
lo
ck
i
n
g
o
r
f
is
h
s
c
h
o
o
lin
g
[
1
8
]
-
[
1
9
]
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
ass
ess
t
h
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
P
SO
b
ased
d
am
p
i
n
g
co
n
tr
o
ller
in
o
s
cilla
tio
n
s
s
u
p
p
r
ess
io
n
,
a
n
o
n
o
p
ti
m
ized
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
a
l
d
a
m
p
i
n
g
co
n
tr
o
ller
i
s
al
s
o
d
esig
n
ed
an
d
e
n
h
an
ce
d
to
th
e
m
ai
n
co
n
tr
o
l
lo
o
p
o
f
th
e
u
n
b
alan
ce
d
ST
A
T
C
OM
to
s
u
p
p
r
ess
t
h
e
o
s
cillatio
n
s
.
Fi
n
all
y
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
p
r
o
s
p
er
o
u
s
ly
ap
p
lied
i
n
a
1
6
-
b
u
s
s
ix
-
m
ac
h
in
e
te
s
t
s
y
s
te
m
an
d
v
ar
io
u
s
ca
s
e
s
t
u
d
ies ar
e
co
n
d
u
c
ted
to
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
t
h
e
p
o
ten
tial o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
2.
P
H
ASE
I
M
B
AL
ANCED
SH
UNT CO
M
P
E
NSAT
I
O
N
SC
H
E
M
E
T
h
e
ST
A
T
C
OM
is
a
w
ell
-
k
n
o
w
n
s
h
u
n
t
co
n
n
ec
ted
F
AC
T
S
co
n
tr
o
ller
b
ased
o
n
v
o
lt
ag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
co
n
v
er
ter
(
VSC
)
.
A
s
ill
u
s
tr
at
ed
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
,
a
ty
p
ical
ST
AT
C
OM
is
r
ea
lized
w
it
h
a
th
r
e
e
-
p
h
a
s
e
VSC
,
a
d
c
lin
k
ca
p
ac
ito
r
an
d
an
in
ter
f
ac
i
n
g
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
.
A
l
s
o
a
f
ilter
in
g
s
tag
e
(
n
o
t
s
h
o
w
n
)
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
at
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
th
e
VS
C
f
o
r
alle
v
iati
n
g
t
h
e
h
a
r
m
o
n
ic
p
o
llu
t
io
n
i
n
th
e
i
n
j
ec
ted
v
o
ltag
e
[
4
]
.
T
h
e
ST
A
T
C
OM
is
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
g
e
n
e
r
atin
g
o
r
ab
s
o
r
b
in
g
r
ea
ct
iv
e
p
o
w
er
.
B
y
v
ar
y
in
g
th
e
a
m
p
litu
d
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
es,
th
e
r
ea
cti
v
e
p
o
w
er
e
x
c
h
an
g
e
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
co
n
v
er
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i
n
o
r
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a
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ased
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Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
r
ee
-
A
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ea
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x
-
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c
h
in
e
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Ag
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ate
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alan
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ST
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T
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4.
P
O
WE
R
O
SCI
L
L
AT
I
O
NS
DAM
P
I
NG
CO
NT
RO
L
L
E
R
DE
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G
N
As
ex
p
lai
n
ed
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Sectio
n
I
I
I
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y
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te
m
u
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o
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h
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y
m
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e
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ar
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to
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d
am
p
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n
au
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m
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ain
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n
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lo
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ce
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OM
.
Am
o
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cial
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eq
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ir
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e
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iar
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co
n
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o
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is
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g
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r
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it
s
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est
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tio
n
.
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h
is
ta
s
k
s
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l
d
b
e
d
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e
w
it
h
t
w
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o
r
o
b
j
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tiv
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(
i)
p
r
o
v
id
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f
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ti
v
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d
a
m
p
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s
a
n
d
(
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m
izi
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ST
A
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r
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cti
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e
p
o
w
er
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d
d
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m
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co
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tr
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.
On
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o
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n
d
a
m
e
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tal
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s
s
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es
in
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esig
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n
tr
o
ller
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t
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e
lectio
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f
ee
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b
ac
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ig
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h
ie
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est
m
o
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al
o
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s
er
v
ab
ilit
y
an
d
o
p
ti
m
al
o
s
cil
latio
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d
a
m
p
in
g
[
2
2
]
.
An
y
k
i
n
d
o
f
i
n
p
u
t
s
ig
n
al
w
it
h
s
u
f
f
icien
t
m
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al
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er
v
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ter
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cil
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ed
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a
m
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t
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ac
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tie
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v
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d
if
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et
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d
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Gen
er
all
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th
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d
a
m
p
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o
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p
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t
w
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g
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p
s
:
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ca
l
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ig
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A
s
a
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lt,
t
w
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ts
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tio
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e
x
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t
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n
i
n
g
d
a
m
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i
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co
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s
:
th
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d
ec
en
tr
alize
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ap
p
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ased
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l
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i
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ized
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m
ai
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ad
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ed
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en
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et
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is
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at
it
w
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ll
s
u
f
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ice
to
ec
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l
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tis
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eq
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t
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ess
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et
w
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k
s
w
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h
cr
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le
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ter
-
ar
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cillatio
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m
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d
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n
co
n
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ast,
th
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n
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alize
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m
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Op
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g
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d
ata
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a
ce
n
tr
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(
s
)
is
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er
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ed
to
as
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A
MS.
Au
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
co
n
tr
o
l
in
cl
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o
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s
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m
o
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alitie
s
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m
ag
in
ed
f
o
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MS.
C
lear
l
y
,
t
h
e
W
A
MS
p
o
ten
tial
in
f
ee
d
i
n
g
W
A
D
C
s
i
s
d
ir
ec
tl
y
d
ep
en
d
en
t
to
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
an
d
lo
ca
tio
n
o
f
P
MU
s
d
ep
lo
y
ed
in
t
h
e
g
r
id
.
T
h
e
P
MU
p
lace
m
en
t
p
r
o
b
le
m
is
a
b
r
o
ad
ly
in
v
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s
ti
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ated
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esear
ch
ar
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an
d
v
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u
s
asp
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ts
o
f
t
h
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p
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le
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h
a
v
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b
ee
n
s
o
f
ar
d
ig
e
s
te
d
in
d
ep
t
[
2
3
]
-
[
2
5
]
.
I
n
tu
i
tiv
e
l
y
,
it
ca
n
b
e
d
ed
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ce
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th
at
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a
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m
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er
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b
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t
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eo
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ap
h
icall
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d
is
tr
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ted
,
o
f
P
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s
w
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u
ld
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u
f
f
icie
n
tl
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h
e
n
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m
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h
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f
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On
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ai
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o
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d
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.
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ac
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ter
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id
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w
h
ich
is
r
ep
r
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in
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
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ac
h
co
n
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a
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Fi
g
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B
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en
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y
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1
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d
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C
2
a
n
d
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e
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ized
b
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C
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+
W
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1
3
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13
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15
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+
1
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Sign
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amp
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Fig
u
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5
.
T
h
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w
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B
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d
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ADC D
esi
g
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ed
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Fig
u
r
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6
.
T
h
e
B
lo
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Diag
r
a
m
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C
las
s
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Da
m
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I
t
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to
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t
w
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itab
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ig
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tain
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m
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i
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P
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f
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ce
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io
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al
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r
s
y
s
te
m
co
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tr
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ce
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ter
[
2
6
]
.
A
lth
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u
g
h
th
e
P
MU
co
m
p
u
te
d
f
r
eq
u
en
c
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d
it
s
r
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t
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th
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P
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[
2
7
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-
[
2
9
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.
Fre
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[
1
8
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an
d
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d
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ar
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tech
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4
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1
.
P
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Alg
o
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h
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P
SO
tec
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n
iq
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e,
th
er
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a
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m
e
s
i
m
p
le
e
n
titi
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s
(
p
ar
ticle)
w
h
ic
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t
h
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tr
aj
ec
to
r
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n
th
e
s
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8
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p
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lo
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in
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iter
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iter
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s
s
w
ill b
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ter
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in
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et.
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f
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0
(
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ased
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ased
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c
o
n
v
e
n
ti
o
n
a
l
d
a
m
p
in
g
c
o
n
tr
o
ll
e
r
w
it
h
o
p
t
o
m
ise
d
p
a
ra
m
e
ters
.
T
h
e
P
SO
alg
o
r
it
h
m
is
u
s
ed
to
s
o
lv
e
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
.
B
o
th
d
a
m
p
i
n
g
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
ar
e
ad
d
ed
t
o
th
e
m
ain
co
n
tr
o
l
lo
o
p
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
h
u
n
t
co
m
p
e
n
s
a
t
o
r
.
W
ith
r
esp
ec
t
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
illu
s
tr
atio
n
s
,
it
w
as
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
as
t
h
e
ti
m
e
g
o
es
o
n
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
h
y
b
r
id
co
m
p
e
n
s
at
io
n
eq
u
ip
p
ed
w
i
th
au
x
i
liar
y
d
a
m
p
i
n
g
co
n
tr
o
ller
w
o
u
ld
d
a
m
p
all
i
n
te
r
-
ar
ea
an
d
lo
ca
ll
y
o
s
cillat
io
n
m
o
d
e
s
;
also
t
h
e
r
es
u
lt
s
o
f
s
i
m
u
latio
n
s
h
o
w
ed
th
at,
in
t
h
e
ca
s
e
o
f
P
SO
b
ased
W
ADC,
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
s
o
f
d
a
m
p
in
g
co
n
tr
o
ller
w
as
b
y
f
ar
b
ett
er
th
an
t
h
e
ca
s
e
t
h
at
W
A
D
C
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
w
er
e
ac
h
i
ev
ed
b
y
tr
ial
a
n
d
er
r
o
r
m
et
h
o
d
.
Hen
ce
,
th
e
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
u
n
b
ala
n
ce
d
s
h
u
n
t c
o
m
p
e
n
s
atio
n
in
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
o
s
ci
llatio
n
d
a
m
p
in
g
w
as
v
alid
ated
.
Appen
dix
A
P
o
w
er
Sy
s
t
e
m
Da
t
a
Gen
er
ato
r
Data
:
9
0
0
MV
A
,
2
0
k
V,
r
a
=
0
.
0
0
2
5
p
.
u
.
,
x
l
=
0
.
2
p
.
u
.
,
x
d
=
1
.
8
p
.
u
.
,
x
q
=
1
.
7
p
.
u
.
,
x
׳
d
=
0
.
3
p
.
u
.
,
x
׳
q
=
0
.
5
5
p
.
u
.
,
x
״
d
=
-
0
.
2
5
p
.
u
.
,
x
״
q
=
0
.
2
5
p
.
u
.
,
T
׳
do
=
8
s
,
T
״
do
=
0
.
0
3
s
,
T
׳
qo
=
0
.
4
s
,
T
״
qo
=
0
.
0
5
s
,
H(
G
1
&G
2
)
=
6
.
5
s
,
H(
G
3
&G
4
)
=
6
.
1
7
5
s
,
H
(
G
5
)
=
5
.
5
s
,
H(
G
6
)
=
5
s
.
Gen
er
ato
r
Stead
y
S
tate
Data
:
G
1
:
V
=
1
.
0
4
∟
0
o
p
.
u
.
,
G
2
:
P
=
7
0
0
MW
,
V
=
1
.
0
1
p
.
u
.
,
G
5
:
P
=
8
0
0
MW
,
V
=
1
.
0
2
p
.
u
.
,
G
6
:
P
=
7
8
0
MW
,
V
=
1
.
0
1
p
.
u
.
T
r
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
L
in
e
Data
:
r
=
0
.
0
5
3
Ω
/
k
m
,
Xser
ies
=
0
.
5
3
Ω
/k
m
,
Ys
h
u
n
t
=
5
.
2
1
μ
S/k
m
.
B
u
s
7
lo
ad
:
1
4
0
0
+
j
1
0
0
-
j
3
5
0
,
B
u
s
9
lo
ad
:
1
8
0
0
+
j1
0
0
–
j
5
0
0
,
B
u
s
1
5
lo
ad
:
1
2
0
0
+
j3
0
0
–
j
2
2
0
.
Appen
dix
B
T
ab
le
1.
P
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
t
h
e
ST
A
T
C
OM
b
ased
W
A
D
C
s
Ty
p
e
K
T
W
T
1
T
2
T
3
T
4
mi
n
&
max
W
A
D
C
1
9
2
0
.
0
1
2
0
.
8
9
1
.
1
1
0
.
0
1
1
±
0
.
2
W
A
D
C
2
16
2
0
.
0
3
2
1
.
3
0
.
0
1
4
0
.
0
4
4
±
0
.
2
Appen
dix
C
ST
A
T
CO
M
Da
t
a
R
ated
P
o
w
er
=
2
5
MV
A
,
R
at
ed
Vo
ltag
e
=
2
6
KV,
Fre
q
u
e
n
c
y
=
6
0
Hz,
X
T(sh)
=
0
.
1
p
.
u
.
S
w
itc
h
i
n
g
Fre
q
u
en
c
y
=
1
5
KHz
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
Yu
YN
.
El
e
c
tri
c
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
ste
m
d
y
n
a
m
ics
.
Ne
w
Yo
rk
:
Ac
a
d
e
m
ic P
re
ss
;
1
9
8
3
.
[2
]
S
a
u
e
r
P
W
,
P
a
i
M
A
.
P
o
w
e
r
s
y
ste
m
d
y
n
a
m
ic
s an
d
sta
b
il
it
y
.
En
g
lew
o
o
d
Cli
f
f
s,
NJ
:
P
re
n
ti
c
e
-
Ha
ll
;
1
9
9
8
.
[3
]
X
.
Ya
n
g
a
n
d
A
.
F
e
li
a
c
h
i,
“
S
tab
il
iza
ti
o
n
o
f
in
ter
-
a
re
a
o
sc
il
latio
n
m
o
d
e
s
th
ro
u
g
h
e
x
c
it
a
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
s
”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
.
Po
we
r S
y
st
.
,
v
o
l
.
9
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
4
9
4
–
5
0
2
,
F
e
b
.
1
9
9
4
.
[4
]
R.
M
.
M
a
th
u
r
a
n
d
R.
K.
V
a
rm
a
,
T
h
y
ri
sto
r
-
Ba
se
d
F
A
C
T
S
Co
n
tro
ll
e
rs
f
o
r
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
T
ra
n
s
m
i
ss
io
n
S
y
ste
m
s.
Ne
w
Y
o
rk
:
IEE
E
Pre
ss
a
n
d
W
il
e
y
.
In
ter
sc
ien
c
e
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
0
2
.
[5
]
N.G
.
Hin
g
o
ra
n
i,
F
lex
ib
le A
C
tran
s
m
issio
n
,
IEE
E
S
p
e
c
tru
m
(1
9
9
3
)
4
0
4
5
.
[6
]
E.
V.
L
a
rso
n
,
J.J.
S
a
n
c
h
e
z
G
a
sc
a
,
J.H.
Ch
o
w
,
“
Co
n
c
e
p
ts
f
o
r
d
e
sig
n
o
f
F
A
C
T
S
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
rs
to
d
a
m
p
p
o
w
e
r
s
w
in
g
s”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
P
o
we
r S
y
st
.
,
v
o
l.
1
0
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
9
4
8
-
9
5
6
,
M
a
y
.
1
9
9
5
.
[7
]
R.
Ku
n
a
m
n
e
n
i,
S
.
S
u
m
a
n
,
M
.
Ra
m
b
a
b
u
,
K.
A
sh
o
k
Ku
m
a
r,
"
I
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
p
h
a
se
im
b
a
lan
c
e
sc
h
e
m
e
f
o
r
sta
b
il
izin
g
to
rsi
o
n
a
l
o
sc
il
lat
io
n
s
"
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
ter
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
v
o
l.
4
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
6
9
7
–
7
0
2
,
Oc
to
b
e
r
2
0
1
4
.
[8
]
M
.
F
a
rsa
d
i,
A
.
G
h
a
se
m
i,
B.
G
h
a
se
m
i,
"
WA
M
S
-
Ba
se
d
S
S
R
Da
m
p
in
g
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
r
d
e
sig
n
f
o
r
F
ACT
S
d
e
v
ice
s
a
n
d
in
v
e
stig
a
ti
n
g
e
ff
e
c
ts
o
f
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
d
e
lay
s
"
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
m
(
IJ
PE
DS
)
,
v
o
l.
6
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
7
3
6
–
7
4
6
,
De
c
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
1
5
.
[9
]
D.
Div
a
n
e
t
a
l,
“
A
d
istri
b
u
ted
sta
ti
c
se
ries
c
o
m
p
e
n
sa
to
r
s
y
ste
m
f
o
r
re
a
li
z
in
g
a
c
ti
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
f
lo
w
c
o
n
tro
l
o
n
e
x
isti
n
g
p
o
w
e
r
li
n
e
s”
,
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
s.
Po
we
r
De
li
v
e
ry
,
v
o
l
.
2
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
6
4
2
-
6
4
9
,
Ja
n
2
0
0
7
.
[1
0
]
Z.
Yu
a
n
,
S
.
W
.
H.
d
e
Ha
a
n
,
J.B.
F
e
rre
ira,
a
n
d
D.
Cv
o
ric,
“
A
F
ACT
S
De
v
ice
:
Distrib
u
ted
P
o
w
e
r
-
F
lo
w
Co
n
tro
ll
e
r
(DP
F
C)”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
,
v
o
l
.
2
5
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
Oc
t
2
0
1
0
.
[1
1
]
J.
Kh
a
z
a
ie,
M
.
M
o
k
h
tari,
M
.
Kh
a
li
li
a
n
,
D.
Na
z
a
rp
o
u
r,
“
S
u
b
-
S
y
n
c
h
ro
n
o
u
s
Re
so
n
a
n
c
e
Da
m
p
in
g
Us
in
g
Distrib
u
te
d
S
tatic
S
e
ries
Co
m
p
e
n
sa
to
r
En
h
a
n
c
e
d
w
it
h
F
u
z
z
y
L
o
g
ic
Co
n
tro
ll
e
r
”
,
In
ter
J
o
u
r
o
f
El
e
c
t
Po
we
r
a
n
d
En
e
r
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
4
3
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
8
0
-
8
9
,
De
c
2
0
1
2
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
IJ
PEDS
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
6
:
11
7
2
–
1
1
8
0
1180
[1
2
]
M
.
Kh
a
li
l
ian
,
M
.
M
o
k
h
tari,
S
.
G
o
lsh
a
n
n
a
v
a
z
,
D
.
Na
z
a
rp
our
,
“
Distrib
u
te
d
S
tatic
S
e
ries
Co
m
p
e
n
sa
to
r
(DSS
C)
f
o
r
S
u
b
sy
n
c
h
ro
n
o
u
s
Re
so
n
a
n
c
e
A
ll
e
v
iatio
n
a
n
d
P
o
w
e
r
Os
c
il
latio
n
Da
m
p
in
g
”
,
Eu
ro
.
T
ra
n
s.
El
e
c
tr.
P
o
we
r
,
v
o
l.
2
2
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
5
8
9
-
6
0
0
,
Ju
ly
2
0
1
2
.
[1
3
]
D.
Ra
i,
G
.
Ra
m
a
k
rish
n
a
,
S.
O.
F
a
ried
,
a
n
d
A
.
Ed
ris,
“
En
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
ste
m
d
y
n
a
m
ic
s
u
sin
g
a
p
h
a
se
im
b
a
lan
c
e
d
se
ries
c
o
m
p
e
n
sa
ti
o
n
sc
h
e
m
e
”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
Po
we
r
S
y
st
.
,
v
o
l.
2
5
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
9
6
6
–
9
7
4
,
M
a
y
2
0
1
0
.
[1
4
]
D.
Ra
i,
G
.
Ra
m
a
k
rish
n
a
,
S
.
O.
F
a
ried
,
G
.
Ra
m
a
k
rish
n
a
,
a
n
d
A
.
Ed
ris,
“
Da
m
p
in
g
In
ter
-
A
r
e
a
Os
c
il
latio
n
s
Us
in
g
P
h
a
se
Im
b
a
lan
c
e
d
S
e
ries
Co
m
p
e
n
sa
ti
o
n
S
c
h
e
m
e
s
”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
Po
we
r
S
y
st
.
,
v
o
l.
2
6
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
7
5
6
-
1
7
6
1
,
A
u
g
2
0
1
1
.
[1
5
]
D.
Ra
i,
S
.
O.
F
a
ried
,
G
.
Ra
m
a
k
rish
n
a
,
a
n
d
A
.
Ed
ris,
“
Hy
b
rid
se
rie
s
c
o
mp
e
n
sa
ti
o
n
sc
h
e
me
c
a
p
a
b
le
o
f
d
a
mp
i
n
g
su
b
sy
n
c
h
ro
n
o
u
s
re
so
n
a
n
c
e
”
,
P
ro
c
.
In
st.
En
g
.
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
.
G
e
n
.
,
T
ra
n
sm
.
Distrib
,
v
o
l.
4
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
4
5
6
–
4
6
6
,
M
a
rc
h
2
0
1
0
.
[1
6
]
X
.
Xie
,
J.
Xia
o
,
C.
L
u
,
a
n
d
Y.
Ha
n
,
“
W
id
e
-
a
re
a
sta
b
il
it
y
c
o
n
tr
o
l
f
o
r
d
a
m
p
in
g
in
tera
re
a
o
sc
il
lati
o
n
s
o
f
in
terc
o
n
n
e
c
ted
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
ste
m
s
”
,
I
ET
Ge
n
.
T
ra
n
sm
.
Distri
b
.,
v
o
l.
1
5
3
,
p
p
.
5
0
7
–
5
1
4
,
S
e
p
.
2
0
0
6
.
[1
7
]
M.
M
o
k
h
tari,
F
.
A
m
in
if
a
r,
D.
Na
z
a
rp
o
u
r,
a
n
d
S
.
G
o
lsh
a
n
n
a
v
a
z
,
“
W
id
e
a
re
a
p
o
w
e
r
o
sc
il
latio
n
d
a
m
p
in
g
w
it
h
a
F
u
z
z
y
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
r
c
o
m
p
e
n
sa
ti
n
g
th
e
c
o
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
d
e
lay
s
”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
P
o
we
r
S
y
st
.
,
v
o
l.
2
8
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
9
9
7
–
2
0
0
5
,
M
a
y
2
0
1
3
.
[1
8
]
Ho
S
L
,
Ya
n
g
S
,
Ni
G
,
L
o
EW
C,
W
o
n
g
HC.
A
p
a
rti
c
le
s
w
a
r
m
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
b
a
se
d
b
m
e
th
o
d
f
o
r
m
u
lt
i
o
b
jec
ti
v
e
d
e
sig
n
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
s.
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s M
a
g
n
e
t
,
2
0
0
5
;
4
1
(
5
):
1
7
5
6
–
9.
[1
9
]
S
h
a
y
e
g
h
i
H,
S
h
a
y
a
n
f
a
r
H
A
,
Ja
li
l
z
a
d
e
h
S
,
S
a
f
a
ri
A
.
D
e
sig
n
o
f
o
u
tp
u
t
f
e
e
d
b
a
c
k
UP
F
C
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
rs
fo
r
d
a
m
p
in
g
o
f
e
lec
tro
m
e
c
h
a
n
ica
l
o
sc
il
latio
n
s
u
si
n
g
P
S
O.
E
n
e
rg
y
Co
n
v
e
rs
M
a
n
a
g
e
,
2
0
0
9
;
5
0
:
2
5
5
9
–
6
1
.
[2
0
]
T
.
J.E
M
il
ler,
Re
a
c
ti
v
e
P
o
w
e
r
Co
n
tro
l
i
n
El
e
c
tri
c
S
y
ste
m
:
[
M
]
.
Ne
w
Yo
rk
,
W
il
e
y
,
1
9
8
2
.
[2
1
]
R.
M
in
g
u
e
z
,
F
.
M
il
a
n
o
,
R.
Zara
te
-
M
ian
o
,
A
.
J.
Co
n
e
jo
,
“
O
p
ti
m
a
l
Ne
tw
o
rk
P
lac
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
S
V
C
D
e
v
ice
s
”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
Po
we
r S
y
st
.
,
v
o
l.
2
2
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
8
5
1
–
1
8
6
0
,
No
v
2
0
0
7
.
[2
2
]
F
a
rsa
n
g
i
M
M
,
S
u
n
g
YH
,
L
e
e
K
Y.
Ch
o
ice
o
f
F
A
C
T
S
De
v
ice
Co
n
tro
l
In
p
u
ts
f
o
r
Da
m
p
in
g
In
ter
-
a
r
e
a
Os
c
il
latio
n
s.
I
EE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Po
we
r S
y
st
e
ms
,
2
0
0
4
;
1
9
(
2
):
1
8
0
6
–
1
8
1
2
.
[2
3
]
F
.
Am
in
i
f
a
r,
M
.
F
o
tu
h
i
-
F
iru
z
a
b
a
d
,
M
.
S
h
a
h
id
e
h
p
o
u
r,
a
n
d
A
.
Kh
o
d
a
e
i,
“
Ob
se
rv
a
b
il
it
y
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
b
y
o
p
ti
m
a
l
P
M
U p
lac
e
m
e
n
t
c
o
n
sid
e
rin
g
ra
n
d
o
m
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
ste
m
o
u
tag
e
s”
,
En
e
r
g
y
S
y
st
.
,
v
o
l.
2
,
p
p
.
4
5
–
6
5
,
M
a
r
.
2
0
1
1
.
[2
4
]
F
.
Am
in
ifar,
M
.
F
o
tu
h
i
-
F
ir
u
z
a
b
a
d
,
A
.
S
a
f
d
a
rian
,
a
n
d
M
.
S
h
a
h
id
e
h
p
o
u
r,
“
Ob
se
rv
a
b
il
it
y
o
f
h
y
b
rid
A
C/DC
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
ste
m
s w
it
h
v
a
riab
lec
o
st P
M
Us
”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
Po
we
r De
l
.
,
to
b
e
p
u
b
li
s
h
e
d
.
[2
5
]
F
.
Am
in
if
a
r,
M
.
F
o
tu
h
i
-
F
ir
u
z
a
b
a
d
,
a
n
d
A
.
S
a
f
d
a
rian
,
“
Op
ti
m
a
l
P
M
U
p
la
c
e
m
e
n
t
b
a
se
d
o
n
p
r
o
b
a
b
il
isti
c
c
o
st/b
e
n
e
f
it
a
n
a
ly
sis
”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
.
Po
we
r S
y
st
.
,
v
o
l.
2
8
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
5
6
6
–
5
6
7
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
1
3
.
[2
6
]
I.
Ka
m
w
a
a
n
d
R.
G
ro
n
d
in
,
“
P
M
U
c
o
n
f
ig
u
ra
ti
o
n
f
o
r
sy
st
e
m
d
y
n
a
m
ic
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
m
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t
in
larg
e
,
m
u
lt
i
-
a
re
a
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
ste
m
s
”
,
IEE
ET
ra
n
s.
Po
w
e
r S
y
st
.
,
v
o
l.
1
7
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
3
8
5
–
3
9
4
,
M
a
y
2
0
0
2
.
[2
7
]
A
.
G
.
P
h
a
d
k
e
,
“
S
y
n
c
h
ro
n
ize
d
p
h
a
s
o
rm
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
ts
in
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
ste
m
s
”
,
IEE
E
Co
mp
u
t.
A
p
p
l
.
Po
we
r
,
v
o
l.
6
,
p
p
.
1
0
–
1
5
,
A
p
r.
1
9
9
3
.
[2
8
]
K.
M
e
i,
S
.
M
.
Ro
v
n
y
a
k
,
a
n
d
C.
M
.
On
g
,
“
Clu
ste
rin
g
-
b
a
se
d
d
y
n
a
m
ic
e
v
e
n
t
lo
c
a
ti
o
n
u
si
n
g
w
i
de
-
a
re
a
p
h
a
so
r
m
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
ts”
,
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
s.P
o
w
e
r S
y
st
.
,
v
o
l.
2
3
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
6
7
3
–
6
7
9
,
M
a
y
2
0
0
8
.
[2
9
]
P
.
T
rip
a
th
y
,
S
.
C.
S
riv
a
sta
v
a
,
a
n
d
S
.
N.
S
i
n
g
h
,
“
A
d
iv
id
e
-
by
-
d
iffere
n
c
e
f
il
ter
b
a
se
d
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
e
stim
a
ti
o
n
o
f
g
e
n
e
ra
to
r
ro
to
r
a
n
g
le
u
ti
li
z
i
n
g
sy
n
c
h
ro
p
h
a
so
r
m
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
ts”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
.
In
stru
m
.
M
e
a
s
.
,
v
o
l.
5
9
,
p
p
.
1
5
6
2
–
1
5
7
0
,
Ju
n
.
2
0
1
0
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S
O
F
AUTH
O
RS
V
a
h
i
d
F
a
rz
a
m
wa
s
b
o
rn
in
T
a
b
riz,
Ira
n
,
S
e
p
tem
b
e
r
1
9
9
2
.
He
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
B.
S
c
.
a
n
d
th
e
M
.
S
c
.
d
e
g
re
e
s
in
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
th
e
Isla
m
ic
A
z
a
d
Un
iv
e
rsi
ty
o
f
Tab
riz,
Tab
riz,
Ira
n
,
in
2
0
1
3
a
n
d
2
0
1
6
,
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
l
y
.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
a
re
in
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
p
o
w
e
r
e
lec
tro
n
ic,
f
le
x
ib
le
A
C
tran
sm
issio
n
s
y
ste
m
(F
A
C
T
S
),
p
o
w
e
r
q
u
a
li
t
y
,
re
n
e
wa
b
le en
e
rg
y
,
w
i
d
e
a
re
a
m
e
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su
re
m
e
n
t
s
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ste
m
,
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n
d
p
o
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ste
m
d
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m
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c
s.
A
h
a
d
M
o
k
h
tarp
o
u
r
w
a
s
b
o
r
n
i
n
T
a
b
riz,
Ira
n
,
1
9
7
9
.
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re
c
e
iv
e
d
t
h
e
B.
S
.
d
e
g
re
e
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
T
a
b
riz,
T
a
b
riz,
Ira
n
,
M
.
S
.
E.
d
e
g
re
e
f
ro
m
Ira
n
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
S
c
ie
n
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
T
e
h
ra
n
,
Ira
n
a
n
d
P
h
.
D
d
e
g
re
e
f
ro
m
Isla
m
i
c
A
z
a
d
Un
iv
e
r
sit
y
,
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
Re
se
a
rc
h
Bra
n
c
h
,
T
e
h
ra
n
,
Ira
n
a
ll
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
in
2
0
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3
,
2
0
0
5
a
n
d
2
0
1
3
,
re
sp
e
c
t
iv
e
l
y
.
Cu
rre
n
tl
y
h
e
is
w
it
h
De
p
a
rte
m
e
n
t
o
f
El
e
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tri
c
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n
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o
m
p
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ter
En
g
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e
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g
,
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a
b
riz
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n
c
h
,
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m
ic
Az
a
d
Un
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e
rsit
y
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a
b
riz,
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n
a
s
a
n
A
ss
istan
t
P
r
o
f
e
ss
o
r.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
t
e
re
sts
a
re
in
th
e
p
o
w
e
r
q
u
a
li
ty
c
o
m
p
e
n
sa
ti
o
n
,
F
A
CT
S
d
e
v
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,
d
istri
b
u
ti
o
n
n
e
tw
o
rk
c
o
n
tr
o
l
a
n
d
re
l
iab
il
it
y
.
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