Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of
P
ower E
le
ctr
on
i
cs a
n
d
Drive
S
ystem
(I
J
PE
D
S
)
Vo
l.
11
,
N
o.
4
,
Decem
be
r 202
0
, p
p.
2107
~
211
5
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8694
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ij
peds
.
v11.i
4
.
pp
2
107
-
211
5
2107
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ij
pe
ds
.i
aescore.c
om
Transie
nt res
ponse im
provem
ent of
direct
current
usi
ng
supplem
entar
y contr
ol b
ased on
ANFIS for r
ectifi
er in H
VDC
I Made
Gin
ar
sa
,
A
gu
n
g
B
u
di
Mul
jono
,
I
Made
Ari
Nr
ar
tha
,
S
ult
an
Depa
rtment
o
f
E
le
c
tri
c
al E
ngin
eering,
Univ
ersit
y
of
Mata
r
am,
Ind
onesia
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
N
ov
1
4
, 201
9
Re
vised
A
pr
26
, 2
0
20
Accepte
d
J
un
16
, 20
20
Curre
nt
cont
ro
l
sche
me
is
co
mm
only
used
i
n
high
voltage
dire
c
t
cur
ren
t
(HV
DC)
to
tra
ns
mi
t
power
de
li
v
e
ry.
Thi
s
sche
me i
s
done
by
adj
ust
ing
tri
gger
angl
e
to
r
egulate
dir
ec
t
cur
ren
t
(
DC)
in
thyri
stor
devi
c
es.
The a
da
pti
ve
neur
o
-
fuz
zy
infe
r
enc
e
sys
te
m
(AN
FIS
)
cont
ro
l
is
wid
ely
applied
fo
r
sta
rt
and
fau
l
t
oper
ation.
Bu
t,
soluti
on
for
trans
ie
nt
r
esponse
of
DC
cur
ren
t
in
HV
DC
sys
te
m
is
not
c
l
ea
rly
studi
ed
b
e
fore
.
In
thi
s
pa
per
,
supplement
ary
cont
rol
(SC)
base
d
on
AN
FIS
is
propo
sed
to
i
mprove
t
he
tr
ansie
nt
resp
ons
e
of
th
e
cur
ren
t
.
The
SC
cont
rol
is
design
ed
by
l
ea
rn
ing
-
p
roc
esses
and
SC
par
amete
rs
are
obtained
by
dat
a
-
tra
in
ing
automat
i
cally.
For
cur
ren
t
r
efe
r
ence
at
1.
05
pu
and
up
-
r
am
p
at
2
0
pu/s,
m
axi
mu
m
over
shoot
is
a
chi
ev
ed
at
5.
12
%
and
7.
72%
for
the
SC
and
p
ropo
rti
ona
l
integ
ral
con
trol
l
er
(PI
C),
respe
ct
iv
el
y
.
Whe
n
the
up
-
ram
p
is
inc
r
ea
sed
to
28
pu
/
s,
the
ma
x
im
u
m
over
shoot
is
ac
h
ie
ved
at
10.
01%
for
the S
C.
Wh
il
e
,
the peak
over
shoot
for the
PIC
is 14.
28
%.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Firin
g
a
ng
le
HVDC
Re
sp
onse
imp
r
ov
e
ment
Supp
le
me
n
ta
r
y co
ntr
ol
Up
-
ra
mp
This
is an
open
acc
ess arti
cl
e
un
der
the
CC
BY
-
SA
l
ic
ense
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
I Mad
e
G
i
nar
s
a,
Dep
a
rtme
nt of
Ele
ct
rical
En
gi
neer
i
ng,
Un
i
ver
sit
y o
f Mata
ram
,
Jln. Maja
pa
hit
No.
62, Mat
ara
m 63
125 NTB,
Indo
nesia.
Emai
l:
k
ade
kgin@
unram
.ac.i
d
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Ind
on
esi
a
is
a
n
arch
i
pelag
o
c
ountr
y
that
c
on
sist
s
of
main
-
isl
and
s
s
uc
h
as:
Su
mate
ra,
Ja
va
,
Su
la
wesi,
Kali
manta
n,
N
us
a
Te
ngga
ra,
M
al
uk
u
an
d
Papua.
Most
of
t
he
main
-
is
la
nd
el
ect
rical
powe
r
syst
ems
are
ind
e
pende
nt
a
nd
se
par
at
e
fro
m
eac
h
oth
er
.
Applic
at
ion
of
high
volt
age
al
te
rn
at
ing
cu
r
ren
t
(HV
AC)
t
hro
ugh
long
dista
nce
su
bma
ri
ne
power
ca
ble
(
SP
C)
is
dif
ficult
to
be
buil
t
becau
se
the
S
P
C
has
ve
r
y
hi
gh
li
ne
-
chargin
g,
high
reacti
ve
po
we
r
losses
a
nd
st
abili
ty
pro
blems
[
1].
W
hile,
high
volt
age
direct
cu
rr
e
nt
(
HVDC)
sy
ste
m
is
very
promisin
g
to
overc
om
e
these
pro
blems
a
nd
t
o
be
i
mp
le
me
nt
ed
in
I
ndonesi
a
especial
ly
f
or
lo
ng
distance
HVD
C
us
in
g
S
PC.
Pr
e
-
a
naly
sis
of
Java
-
S
um
at
ra
HVDC
tra
ns
mi
ssion
has
bee
n
co
nducted
t
o
r
eal
iz
e
the HV
DC a
ppli
cat
ion
in In
do
nesia
power s
yst
em inter
-
co
nnect
ion [
2
,
3].
The
H
V
DC
tra
ns
missi
on
is
a
pp
li
ed
t
o
tran
s
mit
bu
lk
el
ect
r
ic
power
th
r
ough
tra
nsmi
ssio
n
li
ne
over
a
long
distance
usi
ng
over
he
ad
c
onduct
ors
or
SPC
[
4].
T
he
H
VD
C
te
chnolo
gy
ha
s
se
ver
al
ad
va
ntages
com
par
e
d
to
c
ompeti
ng
HVAC
te
ch
nolo
gy
su
c
h
as:
P
owe
r
plant
ca
n
be
l
ocated
fa
r
fro
m
c
on
s
ume
r,
not
need
reacti
ve
powe
r
co
mp
e
ns
at
io
n
in
l
ong
dista
nce
HVDC
t
ra
ns
missi
on,
ca
n
be
inter
-
co
nn
ect
ed
to
H
V
A
C
for
diff
e
re
nce
f
requen
ci
es
,
to
tra
ns
mit
m
or
e
ca
pacit
y
of
powe
r
delive
ry
[
5
,
6].
Als
o,
de
velo
pm
e
nt
an
d
ope
rati
on
costs
of
t
he
HVDC
ar
e
c
heap
e
r
tha
n
t
he
HVAC
f
or
lo
ng
-
distanc
e
trans
missi
on
a
nd
fr
ie
nd
l
y
f
or
env
i
ronme
nt
[
7].
A
H
V
DC
-
li
nk
c
onnecte
d
to
a
H
VA
C
will
pr
e
ve
nt
f
ault
an
d
os
ci
ll
at
ion
pro
pag
at
e
to
neig
hbor
the
HVAC.
More
ov
e
r,
the
H
V
DC
is
a
ble
to
imp
rove
sta
bi
li
ty
of
i
nter
-
c
onnected
H
V
AC
by
modu
la
ti
ng po
wer
in res
ponse
to
small
/l
arge distur
ba
nces
[8],
li
ne
c
om
m
utate
d
co
nver
te
r
(LCC)
-
H
V
D
C l
ink
s
are
a
ppli
ed
t
o
enh
a
nce
sta
bili
ty
of
per
ma
ne
nt
ma
gnet
s
yn
chro
nous
ge
ne
rator
offs
hore
wind
t
urbine
[
9]
a
nd
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
S
ys
t,
V
ol
.
11
, N
o.
4
,
D
ecembe
r
2020
:
2107
–
211
5
2108
la
rg
e
-
scal
e
in
te
gr
at
io
n
of
wind,
s
olar
and
mari
ne
-
c
urren
t
ge
ner
a
ti
on
[
10]
fe
d
to
m
ulti
-
machin
e
powe
r
s
ys
te
ms
(
PS
).
To
hel
p
the
H
VD
C
in
op
e
rat
ion
a
nd
c
on
t
ro
l
ma
na
geme
nts,
a
co
mpre
hen
si
ve
small
-
sig
nal
m
odel
of
a
LCC
-
volt
age
s
ource
co
nverte
r
(VSC)
H
V
D
C
-
li
nk
an
d
thei
r
ei
gen
-
anal
ys
i
s
of
the
m
od
el
are
bu
il
t
a
nd
i
mp
act
of
par
amet
e
r
t
o
s
ys
te
m
dam
pi
ng
is
st
ud
ie
d.
The
DC
-
cu
rr
e
nt
c
on
t
ro
l
pa
ra
mete
rs
of
LCC
,
DC
-
vo
lt
age
c
on
t
ro
l
par
a
mete
rs
of
V
SC
DC
-
si
de
capaci
t
or
of
V
SC
a
nd
s
m
oo
t
hing
reacto
r
of
LCC
ha
ve
la
r
ge
e
ff
ect
to
the
dam
ping
os
ci
ll
at
ory
mode o
f
powe
r
sy
ste
m
s
.
Also,
la
rg
e
r
P
I
gain
of
t
he
V
SC,
an
d
small
e
r
PI
g
ai
n
of
the
LCC
are ab
le
to
im
pro
v
e
dam
ping
of
t
he
domi
nant
mo
de [
11].
A
model f
or
hybri
d
m
ulti
-
in
-
fee
d
H
V
DC (H
-
MIDC)
li
nk
a
nd
it
s
co
ntr
oller
are
de
velo
ped
to
sim
ulate
small
-
sig
nal
m
odel
.
T
he
H
-
MI
DC
li
nk
is
l
ocated
cl
os
e
i
n
a
commo
n
receivin
g
AC
gr
i
d.
T
he
dyna
mic
pe
rformance
s
of
H
-
MIDC
are
i
mpro
ve
d
us
in
g
opti
mize
d
par
a
mete
rs
co
ntr
ol
[
12]
.
A
na
lysis
of
HVDC
-
li
ne
with
off
-
s
hore
res
ources
an
d
sto
rag
e
de
vices
is
do
ne
us
in
g
op
ti
mal
power
flo
w
strat
eg
y
[
13].
Some
differentia
l
eq
uation
set
s
are
desi
gn
e
d
t
o
de
velo
p
H
V
DC
in
a
ve
rag
e
-
value
model
to
sim
plif
y
the HVDC model without
inclu
ding
switc
hing
-
de
vi
ce
mecha
nism
an
d
ne
glect
ed
h
ig
h
fr
e
qu
e
nc
y
[14
]
,
a
nd
this
mod
el
is
ap
plied
to
pow
er
sy
ste
m
analysis
[
15].
Dynamic
pro
pe
rtie
s
in
both
AC/DC
of
HVDC
-
li
nk
are
presente
d
on
freq
ue
ncy
-
do
main
m
od
el
.
T
his
model
is
use
d
to
co
ntr
ol
a
nd
sta
bili
ty
a
na
lysis
of
ov
e
rall
pow
er
sy
ste
m
s,
tha
t
Part
I
desc
rib
es
fixe
d
-
c
omm
utati
on
ov
e
rlap
method
[
16]
a
nd
Part
I
I
ex
pl
ai
ns
the m
od
el
up
graded b
y va
ry
i
ng
-
overlap
angl
e [
17].
Howe
ver,
H
VD
C
co
ntr
ol
has
no
n
-
li
near
cha
racte
risti
cs
incl
ud
e
seve
ral
prop
e
rtie
s
in
conve
rter/i
nver
te
r
dev
ic
es
,
tr
ansfo
rmer
sat
ur
at
io
n
a
nd
presence
of
filt
ers
in
AC/
DC
-
side
a
nd
harmo
nic
gen
e
rati
on.
Th
e
no
n
-
li
nea
r
c
har
act
erist
ic
s
make
the
re
gula
ti
on
of
HVD
C
are
co
mp
li
c
at
ed
a
nd
c
halle
ng
e
d
i
n
PS
a
nd
po
wer el
ect
ro
nic
fiel
ds.
P
red
ic
ti
ve
c
on
t
ro
l
is p
rop
ose
d
t
o
im
prove
PS
sta
bili
ty
[
18]
.
Co
ntr
ol p
ar
amet
er
is
op
ti
mize
d
t
o
impro
ve
the
HVDC
pe
rfo
r
mance
us
in
g
el
ect
ro
ma
gnet
ic
transient
a
naly
sis
program
[
19]
.
The
HVDC
c
on
tr
ol
is
simpli
fied
by
buil
ding
a
novel
s
pace
-
ve
ct
or
pu
ls
e
widt
h
m
odulati
on
(S
V
PWM
)
[
20
]
an
d
simpli
ficat
ion
of SVPW
M 3
-
dimensi
on c
on
t
ro
l i
s a
ppli
ed
t
o reg
ulate
3
-
ph
ase 4
-
le
g o
f
in
ver
te
r
s [2
1].
Ar
ti
fici
al
intel
li
gen
t
a
pp
li
cat
ion
is
ve
ry
at
tra
ct
ive
resear
ch
and
it
is
implemente
d
in
s
ome
fiel
ds
s
uc
h
as:
Gen
et
ic
al
g
or
it
hm
to
opti
mize
robustnes
s
and
e
ff
ic
ie
nc
y
of
micr
o
-
gri
d
DC
s
olar
-
syst
em
struct
ur
es
[22]
,
firef
l
y
al
gorith
m
to
opti
mize
PI
D
pa
ramete
r
of
aut
om
at
ic
gen
e
rati
on
co
ntr
ol
in
m
ulti
-
area
[
23].
Gre
y
w
olf
op
ti
mize
r
(
G
WO)
is
us
ed
to
opti
mize
powe
r
fl
ow
wi
nd
farm
i
nte
grat
ed
to
PS
[24],
to
op
ti
miz
e
powe
r
al
locat
ion
t
o
r
eal
iz
e
plug
-
a
nd
-
play
capa
bil
it
y
of
micro
-
gri
d
s
ys
te
m
[
25
],
t
o
minimi
ze
operati
ng
cos
t
an
d
act
ive
power
l
os
s
by
opti
miz
ing
reacti
ve
powe
r
ge
ner
at
i
on
[
26]
a
nd
t
o
est
imat
e
input
-
ou
t
pu
t
pa
ramet
ers
of
therm
al
pla
nt
[
27].
T
he
G
W
O
is
al
s
o
a
ppli
ed
on
po
wer
s
ys
te
m
sta
bili
zer
t
o
dam
p
loca
l
os
ci
ll
at
ion
in
m
ulti
-
machine
[
28]
and
inter
-
area
os
ci
ll
at
ion
in
wide
-
a
rea
[29].
Wh
il
e,
de
ve
lop
me
nt
of
ne
ur
al
c
ontr
ol
is
do
ne
in
[30]
to
im
pro
ve
sta
bili
ty
of
power
tra
nsmi
ssion
a
nd
i
n
[
31]
t
o
hel
p
dis
patche
r
in
decisi
on
ma
ki
ng
on
map
ping
of
PS
fa
ult
instanta
ne
ously.
F
uzzy
con
t
ro
l
is
de
ve
lop
e
d
t
o
desig
n
of
wi
nd
-
P
V
com
bin
e
d
-
ge
ne
rator
model
[32
],
to
re
gula
te
in
du
ct
ion
m
oto
r
s
pe
ed
co
mb
i
ned
by
propo
rtiona
l
-
integr
al
c
ontrol
[
33],
a
nd
fu
zz
y
typ
e
-
2
t
o
co
ntr
ol
perma
nen
t
mag
net
sync
hrono
us
mac
hin
e
throu
gh
dig
it
a
l
-
sign
al
proces
sing
[34].
T
he
neural
netw
ork
-
f
uzzy
model
is
a
ppli
ed
to
ad
va
nce
direct
po
wer
c
ontr
ol
f
or
gri
d
-
c
onne
ct
ed
to
distri
bu
te
d
gen
e
rato
r
[
35]
.
A
n
a
dap
ti
ve
ne
uro
-
fu
zz
y
infe
re
nce
syst
em
(
AN
F
IS)
has
bee
n
de
sign
e
d
to
re
gu
la
t
e
conve
rter
[
36]
and
i
nv
e
rter
[37]
of
H
VD
C
-
li
ne,
a
nd
t
o
c
on
t
ro
l
vo
lt
age
c
ol
la
ps
e
in
P
S
[
38]
.
Als
o,
the
A
NF
I
S
scheme
is
us
e
d
to
co
ntr
ol,
det
ect
fau
lt
,
an
d
protect
[39
,
40
]
of
H
V
DC,
a
nd
t
o
protect
HVDC
-
li
ght
f
r
om
AC
fau
lt
[
41].
More
over,
c
omb
inati
on
of
ANFIS
a
nd
f
uzz
y
ty
pe
-
2
ha
s
been
us
e
d
to
mainta
in
la
r
ge
-
scal
e
PS
sta
bili
ty
[42].
Transi
ent
res
ponse
s
of
vo
lt
a
ge/cu
rr
e
nt
are
very
im
portant
in
PS
a
nd
po
wer
el
ect
r
onic
researc
hes
because
these
respo
ns
es
s
houl
d
be
c
onstrai
ne
d
to
protect
t
he
s
ys
te
ms
a
nd
dev
ic
es
from
over
-
volt
age/c
urren
t
on
it
s
operati
on.
T
o
im
pro
ve
tra
ns
ie
nt
r
esp
on
se
,
s
om
e
co
ntr
ol
sche
mes
are
pr
opos
e
d
s
uch
as:
A
NF
I
S
al
gorithm
bas
e
d
on
a
ddit
iona
l
PID
-
l
oop
to
im
pro
ve
tra
ns
ie
nt
volt
age
res
ponse
i
n
PS
[43
],
fee
d
-
forw
a
r
d
com
pensat
ion
method
[44
],
feed
-
f
orwa
rd
c
apacit
or
[
45],
tria
ngular
wa
ve
ge
ner
at
or
t
hro
ugh
t
o
a
djust
it
s
slop
e
[
46]
for
DC
-
DC
c
onve
rters
a
nd
fee
d
-
forwar
d
c
ompe
ns
at
io
n
m
od
el
for
DC
-
AC
co
nverte
r
base
d
on
sp
ace
vecto
r
-
pulse
width
m
odulati
on
[47
].
Howe
ver,
re
se
arch
to
pic
of
t
ran
sie
nt
res
po
ns
es
im
pro
ve
ment
i
n
HVDC
us
i
ng
ANFIS
c
ontrol
sc
heme
ha
s
not
bee
n
cl
ea
rly
di
sc
us
se
d.
T
hi
s
rem
ai
ning
pa
per
is
orga
niz
ed
a
s
fo
ll
ows:
Desig
n
of
s
uppleme
ntar
y
co
ntr
ol
base
d
on
ANF
IS
m
odel
is
de
scribe
d
in
Se
ct
ion
2.
Re
s
ults
an
d
discuss
i
on are
exp
la
ine
d
i
n S
ect
ion
3.
A
nd, fi
nally c
oncl
usi
on
is
summa
rized in
Secti
on
4.
2.
DESIG
N OF
SU
PPL
E
ME
NTA
RY CON
TROL B
AS
E
D
O
N A
NFIS
MO
DEL
Supp
le
me
ntar
y
co
ntr
ol
(S
C)
is
pr
opos
e
d
i
n
t
hyristo
r
-
base
d
recti
fier
of
HVDC
s
ys
te
m
to
help
the
PI
regulat
or
to
re
du
ce
tra
ns
ie
nt
direct
c
urre
nt
r
esp
on
se
,
es
pec
ia
ll
y
w
hen
the
up
-
ra
mp
value
was
highe
r
(s
uc
h
a
s:
20
pu/s
or
more).
W
her
e
,
th
e
SC
is
def
ine
d
by
P
I
co
ntr
ol
plu
s
A
NFIS
-
base
d
co
ntr
ol.
The
H
V
DC
an
d
it
s
con
t
ro
l
bl
ock
s
are
ta
ke
n
fro
m
[
48]
a
nd
c
ontr
oller
of
the
syst
em
is
sho
wn
in
Fi
gure
1(
a
).
W
hile,
c
urrent
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8
694
Transient
resp
on
s
e im
provem
ent o
f
direct
c
urre
nt
us
in
g
s
up
pleme
nta
ry
control
based
…
(I
.
M.
Ginars
a)
2109
ref
e
ren
ce
patte
rn
of
HVDC
a
t
sta
rt
-
up
is
il
lustrate
d
i
n
Fig
ur
e
1(b).
The
ANFIS
-
based
con
t
ro
ll
er
is
buil
t
b
y
ANFIS m
od
el
[49]. Bl
oc
k dia
gr
a
m
of
SC is
dep
ic
te
d i
n Fi
gure
2.
The
ANFIS
c
ontr
oller
of
SC
is
dev
el
op
e
d
by
trai
ni
ng
proc
ess.
I
nputs
data
of
trai
ning
proces
s
are
current
er
ror
(
I
err
),
it
s
de
rivati
ve
(
dI
err
)
a
nd
a
dd
it
io
nal
trig
ge
r
a
ng
le
fro
m
t
he
s
uppleme
nt
ary
co
ntr
ol
(
Alpha
SC
,
α
SC
).
W
her
e
,
t
he
c
urre
nt
er
ror
was
obta
ined
by
dif
fer
e
nce
of
di
rect
cu
rre
nt
(
I
d
)
an
d
re
fe
ren
ce
cu
rr
e
nt
(
I
ref
).
I
n
the
trai
ning
process,
t
he
(
I
err
;
dI
err
)
a
nd
(
Alp
ha
SC
,
α
SC
)
were
forme
d
int
o
5
,
000
in
put
-
outpu
t
matri
x
da
ta
.
The
trai
ning
pr
oces
s
was
done
i
n
off
-
li
ne
sessio
n.
Re
s
ult
of
th
e
trai
ning
proc
ess
was
a
SC
con
t
ro
ll
er
base
d
on
ANFIS
m
od
el
as
sho
wn
i
n
Fi
gure
3.
The
A
NF
I
S
str
uctu
re
an
d
patte
rn
of
input
-
ou
t
put
c
on
t
ro
l
a
re
s
hown
in
Figures
4(a
)
a
nd
(
b),
res
pec
ti
vely.
Furthe
r
more,
the
A
N
FI
S
m
od
el
is
embe
dd
e
d
to
fu
zz
y
co
ntr
oller
in
Simuli
nk
[50]
model as
desc
r
ibed
i
n
Fi
gure
3.
Ne
xt,
the
SC
p
e
rformance
is eval
uated
i
n Sect
ion
3.
(a)
(b)
Figure
1.
Co
ntr
ol sc
heme
for HV
DC
tra
nsmi
ssion sy
ste
m
,
(a)
diag
ram
b
l
ock of t
hyristo
r
-
base
d
recti
fie
r
, (b
)
c
urre
nt
re
fer
e
nce
(
I
ref
)
pa
tt
ern
at
up
-
ra
m
p 20 pu/s
Figure
2. Tri
gger a
ng
le
(
Alp
ha
)
contr
oller
usi
ng
PI re
gu
la
to
r
Figure
3. S
uppl
ementar
y
c
on
t
ro
ll
er
(S
C
)
to
imp
rove tra
n
sie
nt curre
nt
respon
s
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
S
ys
t,
V
ol
.
11
, N
o.
4
,
D
ecembe
r
2020
:
2107
–
211
5
2110
(a)
(b)
Figure
4. S
uppl
ementar
y
c
on
t
ro
l
(S
C)
b
a
sed
on ANF
IS
Sug
eno m
od
el
,
(a)
A
NF
I
S str
uc
ture fo
r SC
, (
b) p
at
te
r
n of i
nput
-
outp
ut c
on
t
ro
l
3.
RESU
LT
S
AND DI
SCUS
S
ION
In
t
his
resea
rc
h,
sim
ulati
on
was
done
by
usi
ng
M
at
la
b/Si
mu
li
nk
[
50]
on
a
PC
c
omput
er.
W
hich
is
sp
eci
fied
a
s
f
ol
lows
:
Proc.
I
ntel
-
i5
-
7400,
c
ache
capaci
ty
6,0
M
B
,
Fr
e
q.
3.0
G
Hz,
L
G
A
11
51
windows
7
op
e
rati
ng s
ys
te
m.
T
he SC
w
a
s
test
ed
to
r
e
gula
te
f
irin
g
a
ngle
on
recti
fier
-
si
de of
HVD
C
s
ys
te
m.
3.1.
Impro
veme
nt
of t
r
an
sie
n
t
re
spo
n
se
wh
en
fi
na
l v
alue
of c
urrent
referen
ce set
at
0.95
pu
In
this
case
,
P
I
c
ontr
oller
pa
rameters
wer
e
set
at
t
he
de
fa
ult
values
P=
4500;
an
d
I
=
45
[
48].
T
he
maste
r
c
ontr
oller
par
a
mete
rs
wer
e
s
et
as
f
ol
lows
.
Up
-
ra
mp
rate
was
inc
re
ased
at
the
val
ues
of
20,
22,
24,
26
and
28
pu/s.
M
ore
ov
e
r,
t
he
up
-
ra
mp
ti
me
and
up
-
ram
p
f
inal
value
were
ta
ken
at
the
ti
me
of
0.3
s
a
nd
t
he
value o
f 0.
95 pu, res
pecti
vely
.
Th
e
simulat
io
n resu
lt
s a
re
de
scribe
d
in
Fig
ure
s
5,
6
a
nd li
ste
d
in
Ta
ble 1.
Figure
5
a
nd
T
able
1
s
how
t
he
transie
nt
res
pons
es
of
dire
ct
current
f
or
r
especti
ve
c
ontr
ollers
wh
e
n
the
up
-
ra
mp
ra
te
of
c
urre
nt
re
fer
e
nce
was
se
t
at
20
pu/s.
T
her
e
are
dep
ic
t
ed
t
hat
respo
nse
pa
rameter
s
f
or
P
I
con
t
ro
ll
er
(P
IC
)
we
re as
f
ollo
ws: 9.85%,
3.8
43%,
0.459 s
, 0.
548
s a
nd 5.953×
10
−
2
%
for ma
xim
um
over
sh
oo
t
(
Mp
)
,
sta
rt
-
ti
me
er
r
or
(
est
r
),
pea
k
ti
me
(
tp
),
set
tl
ing
ti
me
(
ts
)
a
nd
st
eady
-
sta
te
e
rror
(
es
s
),
re
sp
e
ct
ively.
M
ea
nwhile
,
th
e
res
pons
e
paramet
ers
t
hat
giv
en
by
SC
were
as
fo
ll
ows:
5.6
3%,
3.7
97%,
0.4
58
s,
0.545
s
a
nd
3.233×
10
−
2
%
for
maxim
um
ove
rsho
ot,
sta
rt
-
ti
me
er
ror,
pea
k
ti
me,
set
tl
ing
ti
me
a
nd
ste
ad
y
-
sta
te
erro
r,
resp
ect
ivel
y.
F
igure
6
an
d
T
able
1
il
lustra
te
the
tra
ns
ie
nt
respo
ns
es
w
hen
the
up
-
ra
mp
rate
of
c
urre
nt
ref
e
r
ence
was
i
ncr
ease
d
to
28
pu
/s
.
Re
s
pons
e
s
of
t
he
PI
co
nt
ro
ll
er
we
re
a
s
f
ollows:
15.
18
%,
2.708%
,
0.452
s,
0.568
s
a
nd
5.
651×
10
−
2
%
for
ma
xim
um
ov
ersho
ot,
sta
rt
-
ti
me
er
ror,
pea
k
ti
me,
set
tl
ing
t
ime
an
d
ste
a
dy
-
sta
te
error.
W
hile,
the
res
ponse
s
that
giv
e
n
by
t
he
SC
wer
e:
9.
77%,
2.856
%,
0.451
s
,
0.5
50
s
an
d
2.5
64×1
0
−
2
%
for
maxim
um
ov
e
rs
hoot,
sta
r
t
-
ti
me
er
ror,
pe
ak
ti
me,
set
tl
in
g
ti
me
an
d
ste
ady
-
sta
te
e
rror,
resp
ect
ivel
y.
T
he
SC
is
able
t
o
im
pro
ve
t
he
tra
ns
i
ent
re
spo
ns
e
of
direct
c
urrent
base
d
on
the
res
pons
e
pa
ra
mete
rs
a
re
give
n
i
n
this scena
rio
.
Figure
5. Tra
nsi
ent r
es
pons
e
imp
roveme
nt
for direct
current at
cu
rr
e
nt r
e
fer
e
nce
0.95 pu.
Figure
6. Tra
nsi
ent r
es
pons
e
for cu
rr
e
nt r
e
fere
nce
0.95 an
d u
p
-
ra
mp
28.
0 pu
/s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8
694
Transient
resp
on
s
e im
provem
ent o
f
direct
c
urre
nt
us
in
g
s
up
pleme
nta
ry
control
based
…
(I
.
M.
Ginars
a)
2111
Table
1.
T
he
perf
ormance
of
SC w
hen fi
nal
value o
f
c
urrent
r
efe
ren
ce
at 0
.95 pu.
PI
co
n
trol (P
IC)
Su
p
p
lem
en
tary con
trol (SC)
up
-
ram
p
(pu
/s)
M
p
(%)
e
s
tr
(%)
t
p
(t)
t
s
(t)
e
ss
×1
0
−
2
(%)
M
p
(%)
e
s
tr
(%)
t
p
(t)
t
s
(t)
e
ss
×1
0
−
2
(%)
20
9
.85
3
.84
3
0
.45
9
0
.54
8
5
.95
3
5
.63
3
.79
7
0
.45
8
0
.54
5
3
.23
3
22
1
1
.84
3
.44
6
0
.46
1
0
.55
7
0
.66
9
6
.91
3
.66
6
0
.45
4
0
.54
6
2
.29
5
24
1
3
.27
3
.15
6
0
.46
0
0
.56
1
2
.05
4
7
.92
3
.41
5
0
.45
3
0
.54
7
4
.57
4
26
1
4
.29
3
.15
7
0
.45
4
0
.56
5
4
.20
9
9
.86
3
.20
1
0
.45
3
0
.54
8
4
.01
1
28
1
5
.18
2
.70
8
0
.45
2
0
.56
8
5
.65
1
9
.77
2
.85
6
0
.45
1
0
.55
0
2
.56
4
3.2.
Perfo
r
ma
nce
of SC w
hen
the
f
in
al value
of curre
nt
re
fe
rence set
at
1.0 pu
Fu
rt
hermo
re,
the
final
value
of
cu
rr
e
nt
ref
e
r
ence
was
incre
ased
t
o
1.0
pu.
The
up
-
ram
p
r
at
es
an
d
up
-
ram
p
ti
me
were
set
as
sa
me
as
the
value
s
a
nd
ti
me
befor
e
.
T
he
resu
lt
s
a
re
dep
ic
te
d
in
Figures
7,
8
a
nd
i
n
Table
2.
F
r
om
Fig
ur
e
7
a
nd
Table
2
we
ca
n
see
t
hat
the
maxim
um
ove
rsho
ot
was
ach
ie
ved
at
t
he
va
lue
of
8.96
an
d
5.7
3%
f
or
t
he
P
IC
and
SC
wh
e
n
t
he
up
-
ra
mp
rat
e
at
20
pu/s,
re
sp
ect
ively
.
T
he
sta
rt
-
ti
me
er
r
or
was
at
the
val
ues
of
3.638
a
nd
4.025%
.
Pea
k
ti
me
wa
s
at
ti
m
e
0.4
64
s
for
t
he
bo
t
h
c
on
t
rol
le
rs.
T
he
set
tl
ing
ti
me
was
ac
hie
ved
at
ti
me
0.5
68
and
0.550
s.
T
he
ste
a
dy
-
sta
te
er
ror
was
ach
ie
ved
at
the
va
lues
of
(
3.0
42
a
nd
0.368
)×10
−
2
%
for
the
PI
C
a
nd
SC,
res
pecti
ve
ly.
Fi
gure
7
s
hows
t
hat
ma
xi
mu
m
overs
ho
ot
of
the
PI
co
ntr
oller
is hig
her tha
n
t
he
s
uppleme
nt
ary co
ntr
oller.
The
Fig
ur
e
8
a
nd
Ta
ble
2
sho
ws
maxi
mum
ov
e
rs
hoot
was
achieve
d
at
the
val
ue
of
14.
22
an
d
9.7
5%
for
the
P
I
c
on
t
ro
ll
er
an
d
s
uppl
ementar
y
c
on
t
ro
ll
er
w
hen
th
e
up
-
ram
p
rate
at
28
pu/s,
res
pecti
vely
.
T
he
sta
rt
-
ti
me
err
or
was
at
the
values
of
2.4
51
an
d
2.6
27%.
Pea
k
ti
m
e
was
at
ti
me
0.4
52
a
nd
0.4
51
s.
The
s
et
tl
ing
ti
m
e
was
achie
ved
at
ti
me
0.
579
and
0.569
s.
And,
the
ste
ady
-
sta
te
erro
r
was
at
the
va
lues
of
(
0.202
an
d
0.374
)×10
−
2
%
for
the
P
I
c
on
tr
oller a
nd sup
plementar
y
c
ontr
oller,
res
pecti
ve
ly.
It
is
found
tha
t
the
maxim
um
overs
hoot
of
direct
c
urrent
equ
ip
pe
d
by
su
pple
me
ntar
y
con
t
ro
ll
er
is
lowe
r
t
han
P
I
con
t
ro
ll
er.
Als
o,
set
tl
ing
ti
me
of
the
sup
plementar
y
co
nt
ro
ll
er
is
s
horte
r
t
han
the
oth
e
r.
It
is
fou
nd
that
the
su
pple
me
ntar
y
co
ntr
oller
is
more
e
ff
ect
ive
to
re
duce
pea
k
overs
hoot
of
di
rect
c
urren
t
than
the
PI
c
ontrolle
r
in
this sce
nar
i
o.
Figure
7. Tra
nsi
ent r
es
pons
e
for cu
rr
e
nt r
e
fere
nce
1.0
Figure
8. Tra
nsi
ent r
es
pons
e
for cu
rr
e
nt r
e
fere
nce
1.0 a
nd up
-
ram
p 28.0 p
u/s
Table
2.
T
he
perf
ormance
of
su
pple
me
ntar
y con
t
ro
l at
c
urre
nt r
e
fer
e
nce =
1.0 pu.
PI
co
n
trol (P
I
C)
Su
p
p
lem
en
tary con
trol (SC)
up
-
ram
p
(pu
/s)
M
p
(%)
e
s
tr
(%)
t
p
(t)
t
s
(t)
e
ss
×1
0
−
2
(%)
M
p
(%)
e
s
tr
(%)
t
p
(t)
t
s
(t)
e
ss
×1
0
−
2
(%)
20
8
.96
3
.63
8
0
.46
4
0
.56
8
3
.04
2
5
.73
4
.02
5
0
.46
4
0
.55
0
0
.36
8
22
1
0
.65
3
.32
6
0
.46
1
0
.57
1
1
.26
4
7
.36
3
.68
6
0
.45
9
0
.55
3
1
.90
1
24
1
2
.03
3
.03
6
0
.46
0
0
.57
3
2
.15
4
7
.73
3
.32
1
0
.45
3
0
.55
9
0
.90
6
26
1
3
.25
3
.03
6
0
.45
4
0
.57
5
0
.38
0
9
.02
2
.97
2
0
.45
3
0
.56
4
0
.07
2
28
1
4
.22
2
.45
1
0
.45
2
0
.57
9
0
.20
2
9
.75
2
.62
7
0
.45
1
0
.56
9
0
.37
4
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
S
ys
t,
V
ol
.
11
, N
o.
4
,
D
ecembe
r
2020
:
2107
–
211
5
2112
3.3.
Impro
veme
nt
of direc
t
c
urr
ent tra
nsient
r
espo
n
se
at
1.0
5
p
u
M
ore
ov
e
r,
t
he
sy
ste
m
is
te
ste
d
by
increa
sin
g
the
final
val
ue
of
direct
c
urre
nt
agai
n
to
1.05
pu.
The
resu
lt
s
are
des
cribe
d
in
Fig
ures
9,
10
an
d
Table
3.
T
able
3
de
picts
ma
ximum
over
shoo
ts
of
direc
t
current
wer
e
ac
hieve
d
at
the
values
of
7.7
2
-
14.28
%
for
the
PI
C
wh
e
n
the
up
-
r
amp
rates
we
r
e
ta
ken
at
20
-
28
pu/s,
resp
ect
ivel
y.
E
rror
s
at
sta
rt
-
ti
me
a
re
ac
hieve
d
at
the
values
of
3.63
-
2.4
6%
.
T
he
set
tl
in
g
ti
me
for
t
he
PI
C
we
re
at
ti
mes
of
0.5
71
-
0.578
s.
T
he
ste
ady
-
sta
te
error
s w
ere
ac
hi
eved
at
the v
al
ues
of
(
3.0
42
-
0.2
02)×
10
−
2
%. F
igure
9
s
hows
tra
ns
ie
nt r
es
ponse
s
of D
C
curre
nt
for
P
I
a
nd SC
for
up
-
ram
p rate
s
at
2
0 p
u/s.
Wh
il
e,
t
he
ma
ximum
ov
e
rs
hoots
of
di
rect
c
urren
t
wer
e
ac
hieve
d
at
the
va
lues
of
5.73
-
9.7
5%
for
the
SC
w
he
n
t
he
up
-
ram
p
rates
w
ere
at
20
-
28
pu/s.
Er
rors
at
s
ta
rt
-
ti
me
we
re
at
the
values
of
4.025
-
2.6
27
%.
T
he
set
tl
ing
ti
mes
wer
e
at
ti
mes
of
0.5
50
-
0.5
69
s.
T
he
ste
a
dy
-
sta
te
errors
we
re
ac
hieve
d
at
the
values
of
(
0.368
-
0.374
)×10
−
2
%.
Also
,
tr
ansi
e
nt
respo
ns
e
of
D
C
cur
re
nt
is
de
picte
d
in
Fi
gur
e
10
for
the
P
I
C
and
SC
c
on
t
ro
ll
er,
resp
ect
ivel
y, w
hen the
up
-
ram
p rate
is g
i
ve
n at
2
8 p
u/s.
Figure
9. Tra
nsi
ent r
es
pons
e
imp
roveme
nt
for
current
ref
e
re
nc
e 1
.
05
pu.
Figure
10. T
ra
ns
ie
nt
res
pons
e
imp
r
oveme
nt
for
current
ref
e
re
nc
e 1
.
05
pu and
up
-
ra
mp 2
8.0 p
u/s.
Ba
sed
on
t
he
r
esults,
pe
ak
overs
hoot
a
nd
s
et
tl
ing
ti
me
of
SC
are
lo
we
r
and
sho
rter
th
an
the
pea
k
ov
e
rs
hoot
a
nd
set
tl
ing
of
th
e
PI
C.
O
n
the
oth
e
r
ha
nd,
t
he
er
r
or
at
sta
rt
-
ti
me
an
d
ste
ady
sta
te
e
rror
for
al
l
con
t
ro
ll
ers
are
small
(<
5%)
a
nd
ve
ry
small
(<
10
−
2
%),
res
pecti
vely
.
T
he
SC
is
m
or
e
e
ffec
ti
ve
to
reduc
e
the
transient
res
pons
e
of d
i
rect cu
rr
e
nt tha
n
th
e P
IC for t
he u
p
-
r
amp o
f
re
fer
e
nc
e cu
rr
e
nt at
20
-
28
pu
/s.
Table
3.
T
he
perf
ormance
of
su
p
pleme
ntar
y con
t
ro
l
w
hen r
efere
nce c
urre
nt w
a
s set at
1.05 pu.
PI
co
n
trol (P
IC)
Su
p
p
lem
en
tary con
trol (SC)
up
-
ram
p
(pu
/s)
M
p
(%)
e
s
tr
(%)
t
p
(t)
t
s
(t)
e
ss
×1
0
−
2
(%)
M
p
(%)
e
s
tr
(%)
t
p
(t)
t
s
(t)
e
ss
×1
0
−
2
(%)
20
7
.72
3
.21
5
0
.46
6
0
.57
1
2
.86
3
5
.12
4
.34
3
0
.46
3
0
.54
8
4
.84
4
22
1
0
.12
3
.61
1
0
.46
3
0
.57
3
4
.90
6
5
.99
4
.30
2
0
.46
0
0
.55
2
3
.78
7
24
1
2
.34
3
.29
3
0
.46
1
0
.57
5
6
.53
7
6
.64
3
.51
8
0
.46
0
0
.56
3
0
.96
7
26
1
3
.38
3
.29
3
0
.46
0
0
.57
9
6
.31
9
8
.22
3
.22
0
0
.45
5
0
.56
8
1
.93
6
28
1
4
.28
2
.79
3
0
.45
7
0
.58
0
7
.02
8
1
0
.01
2
.99
2
0
.46
0
0
.57
0
2
.73
5
4.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
Applic
at
ion
of
SC
for
HVDC
base
d
on
ANFI
S
model
is
do
ne
in
this
resea
r
ch.
T
he
desig
n
process
of
ANFIS
m
od
el
is
al
so
ex
plain
ed
befor
e
t
he
c
on
t
ro
l
a
pp
li
ed
to
the
HVDC
s
ys
te
m.
Simulat
ion
res
ults
of
HVDC
with
SC
a
re
c
ompare
d
to
t
he
res
ults
from
pro
portio
nal
i
n
te
gral
c
on
tr
ol
(PIC)
to
ve
rif
y
t
he
validit
y
of
the
pro
po
se
d
c
on
t
r
oller. T
he
res
ul
ts show
that m
aximum o
ve
rs
hoots ar
e ac
hie
ved
at
5.63% a
nd
9.8
5%
f
or
S
C and
PI
C,
w
he
n
c
urr
ent
re
fe
ren
ce
a
nd
up
-
ra
mp
ar
e
set
at
0.9
5
pu
an
d
20
pu/s.
M
ore
ov
e
r,
the
current
re
fer
e
nc
e
an
d
up
-
ra
mp
a
re
i
ncr
ease
d
to
1.
05
pu
a
nd
28
pu
/s
.
T
he
ma
xi
mu
m
ove
rsho
ots
for
SC
a
nd
PI
C
a
re
ac
hie
ved
at
10.01%
a
nd 1
4.0
1%
an
d
14.
28%,
res
pecti
ve
ly.
The
p
r
opose
d
c
ontr
ol
is
a
ble
to
im
pro
ve
the
tra
ns
ie
nt
re
sp
ons
e
by r
e
duci
ng th
e max
im
um
oversho
ot for al
l
simulat
ion
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8
694
Transient
resp
on
s
e im
provem
ent o
f
direct
c
urre
nt
us
in
g
s
up
pleme
nta
ry
control
based
…
(I
.
M.
Ginars
a)
2113
ACKN
OWLE
DGE
MENTS
We
a
ppreciat
e
to
t
he
Direct
or
at
e
Ge
ner
al
of
Higher
E
du
cat
io
n
(
DGHE)
Re
pu
blic
of
Ind
on
esi
a
to
su
pp
or
t
of
t
his
researc
h
th
r
ough
dece
ntral
iz
at
ion
Pene
li
ti
an
Dasa
r
U
nggula
n
Per
gur
uan
Tin
gg
i
(
P
DUPT)
scheme
20
18
-
2019
U
niv
e
rsity
of
M
at
aram
.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
A.
Koromp
i
li
,
Q
.
Wu
and
H
.
Zha
o,
“
Review
of
VS
C
HV
DC
conne
c
ti
on
for
offshore
wind
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ower
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gr
at
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”
IJE
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vol. 59, 2016.
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R.
Fai
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a
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is,
“
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evi
ew
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ste
ady
state
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“
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ire
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ansmi
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”
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N
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anc
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m
ent
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a
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far
m
fed
t
o
a
mul
t
i
-
m
a
chine
sys
te
m
through
an
LCC
-
HV
DC
li
nk
,
”
I
EE
E
Tr
ans.
on
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r
esponse
im
p
rove
m
ent
o
f
d
igi
t
al
ly
c
ontrol
le
d
DC
-
D
C
conv
ert
er
with
fee
dforward
co
mpe
nsati
on
,
”
Pr
oc.
o
f
INTEL
EC
,
Broadbeac
h
Quee
nl
and, Austra
l
ia
pp
.
609
-
614
,
2
017
.
[45]
B.
Bu
tt
er
field,
“
Op
ti
mizing
tr
a
nsient
response
of
in
te
rna
ll
y
c
ompe
nsat
ed
DC
-
DC
converte
r
with
f
ee
dforwar
d
ca
pa
ci
tor
,
”
App
licati
on
report,
Te
xas
Inst.
,
2017
.
[46]
S.
W
u,
et
a
l
.
,
“
Tra
nsien
t
respon
se
im
prove
me
nt
of
DC
-
DC
buck
conve
rt
er
by
a
slope
adj
ust
able
triangular
wav
e
gene
ra
tor
”
,
I
EIC
E
Tr
ans.
on
Co
mm
.
,
vol
.
E98, n
o.
10,
pp.
288
-
29
5,
2015
.
[47]
S.
-
J.
Hong,
et
al
.
,
“
Imp
rove
m
ent
of
tra
nsi
ent
st
ate
r
esponse
throu
gh
fe
edf
orward
com
pensa
ti
on
m
et
hod
of
AC/DC
power
conv
ersio
n
sys
te
m
b
ase
d
o
n
spac
e
ve
ct
or
p
ulse
width
modu
la
ti
on
(SV
PWM
),
”
Ene
rgi
es
J
.
,
v
ol.
11
,
2018
.
[48]
S.
Casar
io
,
“
Thy
ristor
-
base
d
HV
DC t
ran
smiss
ion
sys
te
m: In
Ma
tlab
de
mo,
”
Hydr
o
Quebe
c
,
C
anada,
2013
.
[49]
J.
-
S.R.
Jang,
C.
T.
Sun
and
E.
M
iz
uni
,
“
Neuro
-
fu
zz
y
and
Soft
Co
mput
ing:
A
Co
mput
ational
App
roa
ch
to
L
ea
rnin
g
and
Mac
h
ine Int
e
ll
ig
ence,
”
Pren
t
ic
e
Hall Int
.
In
c.,
US
A,
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[50]
Matl
ab
,
The
M
athw
orks,
Inc
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201
3.
BIOGR
AP
HI
ES OF
A
UTH
ORS
I
Made
Gin
arsa
was
bo
rn
in
Darm
asa
b
a,
Badu
ng
Ba
li
Indone
s
ia
1970.
He
re
c
ei
ved
in
B
.
Eng
,
M.E
ng
and
Ph.D
in
elec
t.
eng.
U
NU
D
(1997),
UG
M
(2001)
and
ITS
(2012).
Sinc
e
1999
he
was
a
lectur
er
at
E
l
ec
t
.
Eng
.
,
Univ
ersit
y
of
Mat
ar
am
.
In
2010
h
e
was
a
m
em
b
er
of
EPS
La
b
.
,
Kumam
oto
Uni
v.
His
rese
ar
ch
int
er
ests
are
dyn
am
i
c
and
st
abi
l
i
ty,
nonl
ine
a
r
dy
nam
i
c,
vol
ta
g
e
stabi
lity
and
ar
t
ifi
cial
intelligent
appl
i
cati
on
in
power
sys
te
ms.
He
was
an
ac
t
i
ve
au
thor,
co
-
aut
hor and
invi
t
e
d
rev
i
ewe
r
on
na
ti
onal a
nd
in
te
rn
at
ion
al
pub
li
c
ati
ons.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8
694
Transient
resp
on
s
e im
provem
ent o
f
direct
c
urre
nt
us
in
g
s
up
pleme
nta
ry
control
based
…
(I
.
M.
Ginars
a)
2115
Agung
B.
Mulj
ono,
was
born
in
Purw
odadi
Grobogan
Indone
sia,
1971
.
In
1
998
he
joi
n
ed
Univer
sity
of
Mata
r
am
,
Indon
esi
a,
as
a
l
ecture
r
.
His
rese
a
rch
in
t
ere
sts
inc
lud
e
tr
ansmi
ss
ion
and
distri
buti
on
,
dyn
am
i
c
and
stab
il
i
ty,
art
i
ficial
in
telli
gen
t
appl
i
cati
on,
and
en
erg
y
pla
nning
and
distri
bute
d
gene
r
at
ion
in
power
s
ystem
s.
He
r
ecei
ved
the
B
.
Eng
and
M.
Eng
.
in
El
e
ct
ri
ca
l
Eng.
from
Ma
la
ng
In
stit
ute
of
Te
chn
ology
(1996)
an
d
UG
M
(2000),
respe
ctivel
y
.
He
was
an
a
ct
iv
e
aut
hor and
co
-
au
thor
rese
arc
h
pa
per
s a
nd
serve
d
as
editorial
bo
ar
d
in
Di
elektr
ik
a J
ourna
l.
I
Made
Ari
Nra
rtha
,
was
born
i
n
Denpa
sar
Bali
Indone
sia
,
197
3.
He
re
ce
iv
ed
in
B.
Eng
and
M.E
ng
in
elec
tr
i
ca
l
eng.
from
I
TS
(1997)
and
UG
M
(2001).
Since
1999
he
w
as
a
l
ec
tu
rer
at
El
e
ct
ri
ca
l
Eng
.
,
Univer
sity
of
Mata
r
am
.
His
r
ese
arc
h
int
e
rests
ar
e
power
sys
te
m
d
ynamic
and
stabi
lity,
tra
nsm
ission
and
d
istr
ibut
ion,
opt
im
i
z
at
ion
,
power
qu
al
it
y
and
artifi
c
ia
l
intelligent
appl
i
ca
t
ion
in
po
wer
sys
te
ms.
He
was
an
a
ct
iv
e
a
uthor
and
co
-
au
t
hor
rese
arc
h
p
ap
ers
in
n
at
ion
al
and
in
te
rna
ti
on
al j
ourna
l, a
nd
ser
ved
as
editorial
b
oar
d
in
Die
le
kt
rika
Journa
l.
S.
Sulta
n
,
was
born
in
Bulu
ku
mba
South
Sul
a
wesi,
Indone
si
a.
He
re
ceive
d
th
e
B.
Eng
.
and
M.E
ng.
degr
ee
s
in
Elec
tri
c
al
Eng.
from
Hass
anudi
n
Univ
er
sity
(1995)
and
UG
M
(2005),
respe
ctivel
y
.
In
1997
he
was
a
le
c
ture
r
in
U
nive
rsity
of
Ma
ta
ra
m,
Indone
si
a.
His
r
ese
ar
ch
int
er
ests
in
cl
ud
e
power
sys
tem
tr
ansmi
ss
ion
and
distr
ibut
io
n,
power
sys
tem
dyn
am
i
c
an
d
stabi
lity
in
power
sys
tems.
H
e
was
an
a
ct
iv
e
a
uthor
and
co
-
au
t
hor
rese
arc
h
pa
per
s
in
na
ti
ona
l
and
in
te
rna
ti
on
al j
ourna
l, a
nd
ser
ved
as
editor
in
chi
ef
of
Di
el
ek
tr
ika
Journa
l
2010
-
2018.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.